releasing 0.29.0

* Unify deprecation policy: 3 minor releases minimum

* Add 0.29.0 changelog entry

* Bump version to 0.29.0

.codecov.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# see https://docs.codecov.io/docs/codecov-yaml
+# Validation check:
+# $ curl --data-binary @.codecov.yml https://codecov.io/validate
+
+# https://docs.codecov.io/docs/codecovyml-reference
+codecov:
+  bot: "codecov-io"
+  strict_yaml_branch: "yaml-config"
+  require_ci_to_pass: yes
+  notify:
+    # after_n_builds: 2
+    wait_for_ci: yes
+
+coverage:
+  precision: 0 # 2 = xx.xx%, 0 = xx%
+  round: nearest # how coverage is rounded: down/up/nearest
+  range: 40...100 # custom range of coverage colors from red -> yellow -> green
+  status:
+    project:
+      default:
+        informational: true
+        target: 95% # specify the target coverage for each commit status
+        threshold: 10% # allow this little decrease on project
+        # branches: master
+        if_ci_failed: error
+    patch:
+      default:
+        informational: true
+        target: 95% # enforce same coverage target for new/changed code as the project
+        threshold: 10% # allow only a small decrease on patch coverage
+    changes: false
+
+# https://docs.codecov.com/docs/github-checks#disabling-github-checks-patch-annotations
+github_checks:
+  annotations: false
+
+comment:
+  layout: header, diff
+  require_changes: false
+  behavior: default # update if exists else create new
+  # branches: *

.github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+# Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct
+
+## Our Pledge
+
+We as members, contributors, and leaders pledge to make participation in our community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body size, visible or invisible disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender identity and expression, level of experience, education, socioeconomic status, nationality, personal appearance, race, caste, color, religion, or sexual identity and orientation.
+
+We pledge to act and interact in ways that contribute to an open, welcoming, diverse, inclusive, and healthy community.
+
+## Our Standards
+
+Examples of behavior that contributes to a positive environment for our community include:
+
+- Demonstrating empathy and kindness toward other people
+- Being respectful of differing opinions, viewpoints, and experiences
+- Giving and gracefully accepting constructive feedback
+- Accepting responsibility and apologizing to those affected by our mistakes, and learning from the experience
+- Focusing on what is best not just for us as individuals, but for the overall community
+
+Examples of unacceptable behavior include:
+
+- The use of sexualized language or imagery, and sexual attention or advances of any kind
+- Trolling, insulting or derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
+- Public or private harassment
+- Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or email address, without their explicit permission
+- Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a professional setting
+
+## Enforcement Responsibilities
+
+Community leaders are responsible for clarifying and enforcing our standards of acceptable behavior and will take appropriate and fair corrective action in response to any behavior that they deem inappropriate, threatening, offensive, or harmful.
+
+Community leaders have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions that are not aligned to this Code of Conduct, and will communicate reasons for moderation decisions when appropriate.
+
+## Scope
+
+This Code of Conduct applies within all community spaces, and also applies when an individual is officially representing the community in public spaces. Examples of representing our community include using an official e-mail address, posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed representative at an online or offline event.
+
+## Enforcement
+
+Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be reported to the community leaders responsible for enforcement at community-reports@roboflow.com.
+
+All complaints will be reviewed and investigated promptly and fairly.
+
+All community leaders are obligated to respect the privacy and security of the reporter of any incident.
+
+## Enforcement Guidelines
+
+Community leaders will follow these Community Impact Guidelines in determining the consequences for any action they deem in violation of this Code of Conduct:
+
+### 1. Correction
+
+**Community Impact**: Use of inappropriate language or other behavior deemed unprofessional or unwelcome in the community.
+
+**Consequence**: A private, written warning from community leaders, providing clarity around the nature of the violation and an explanation of why the behavior was inappropriate. A public apology may be requested.
+
+### 2. Warning
+
+**Community Impact**: A violation through a single incident or series of actions.
+
+**Consequence**: A warning with consequences for continued behavior. No interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction with those enforcing the Code of Conduct, for a specified period of time. This includes avoiding interactions in community spaces as well as external channels like social media. Violating these terms may lead to a temporary or permanent ban.
+
+### 3. Temporary Ban
+
+**Community Impact**: A serious violation of community standards, including sustained inappropriate behavior.
+
+**Consequence**: A temporary ban from any sort of interaction or public communication with the community for a specified period of time. No public or private interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction with those enforcing the Code of Conduct, is allowed during this period. Violating these terms may lead to a permanent ban.
+
+### 4. Permanent Ban
+
+**Community Impact**: Demonstrating a pattern of violation of community standards, including sustained inappropriate behavior, harassment of an individual, or aggression toward or disparagement of classes of individuals.
+
+**Consequence**: A permanent ban from any sort of public interaction within the community.
+
+## Attribution
+
+This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant][homepage], version 2.1, available at [https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/1/code_of_conduct.html][v2.1].
+
+Community Impact Guidelines were inspired by [Mozilla's code of conduct enforcement ladder][mozilla coc].
+
+For answers to common questions about this code of conduct, see the FAQ at [https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq][faq]. Translations are available at [https://www.contributor-covenant.org/translations][translations].
+
+[faq]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq
+[homepage]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org
+[mozilla coc]: https://github.com/mozilla/diversity
+[translations]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org/translations
+[v2.1]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/1/code_of_conduct.html

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,502 @@
+# Contributing to Supervision 🛠️
+
+Thank you for your interest in contributing to Supervision!
+
+We are actively improving this library to reduce the amount of work you need to do to solve common computer vision problems.
+
+## Code of Conduct
+
+Please read and adhere to our [Code of Conduct](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/code_of_conduct/). This document outlines the expected behavior for all participants in our project.
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+- [Contribution Guidelines](#contribution-guidelines)
+    - [Contributing Features](#contributing-features)
+    - [API Design Principles](#api-design-principles)
+- [How to Contribute Changes](#how-to-contribute-changes)
+- [Installation for Contributors](#installation-for-contributors)
+- [Code Style and Quality](#code-style-and-quality)
+    - [Pre-commit tool](#pre-commit-tool)
+    - [Docstrings](#docstrings)
+    - [Type checking](#type-checking)
+- [Documentation](#documentation)
+- [Cookbooks](#cookbooks)
+- [Tests](#tests)
+- [License](#license)
+
+## Contribution Guidelines
+
+We welcome contributions to:
+
+1. Add a new feature to the library (guidance below).
+2. Improve our documentation and add examples to make it clear how to leverage the supervision library.
+3. Report bugs and issues in the project.
+4. Submit a request for a new feature.
+5. Improve our test coverage.
+
+### Contributing Features ✨
+
+Supervision is designed to provide generic utilities to solve problems. Thus, we focus on contributions that can have an impact on a wide range of projects.
+
+For example, counting objects that cross a line anywhere on an image is a common problem in computer vision, but counting objects that cross a line 75% of the way through is less useful.
+
+Before you contribute a new feature, consider submitting an Issue to discuss the feature so the community can weigh in and assist.
+
+### API Design Principles
+
+Supervision APIs should remain generic, composable, and predictable across model families. Before adding a new integration, annotator option, or data conversion method, check the existing `sv.Detections`, `sv.KeyPoints`, and annotator patterns and follow these principles:
+
+1. **Model integrations normalize raw external outputs into existing Supervision containers.** Use `sv.Detections` for detection, segmentation, and other instance-level predictions that include boxes, masks, class ids, confidence scores, or extra per-instance fields. Use `sv.KeyPoints` for standalone keypoint or pose predictions when keypoints exist independently of detection boxes (e.g. pure pose estimation, landmark detection on pre-cropped images). Use `Detections.keypoints` when keypoints are always co-incident with boxes from the same model — the field stores an `(n, K, 2)` or `(n, K, 3)` array where the optional third channel is per-point confidence in `[0, 1]`.
+2. **Do not add a `from_<model>` method when the model already returns a Supervision object.** `from_*` methods are for converting raw outputs from external packages such as Ultralytics, Transformers, Inference, or MediaPipe. If a model's `predict()` method already returns `sv.Detections`, keep that result type and store additional structured payloads in `detections.data` or `detections.metadata` using documented keys.
+3. **Annotators render data; filtering and visibility are container state.** Filtering by confidence, class id, tracker id, geometry, or custom data should happen before annotation through the container slicing APIs, for example `detections[detections.confidence > 0.7]` or `key_points[key_points.confidence > 0.5]`. Per-point presentation state, such as a `KeyPoints.visible` mask, may live on the container and be honored consistently by annotators.
+4. **Annotator constructor arguments should describe visual presentation, not model-quality gates.** Use constructor arguments for color, thickness, opacity, text, position, style, and generic visualization parameters such as sigma levels. Annotators may skip invalid geometry defensively, including missing points, zero-area boxes, non-finite coordinates, or points marked invisible on the container. They should not introduce confidence thresholds or model-specific quality gates as rendering options.
+
+## How to Contribute Changes
+
+First, fork this repository to your own GitHub account. Click "fork" in the top corner of the `supervision` repository to get started:
+
+![Forking the repository](https://media.roboflow.com/fork.png)
+
+![Creating a repository fork](https://media.roboflow.com/create_fork.png)
+
+Then, run `git clone` to download the project code to your computer.
+
+You should also set up `roboflow/supervision` as an "upstream" remote (that is, tell git that the reference Supervision repository was the source of your fork of it):
+
+```bash
+git remote add upstream https://github.com/roboflow/supervision.git
+git fetch upstream
+```
+
+Move to a new branch using the `git checkout` command:
+
+```bash
+git checkout -b <scope>/<your_branch_name> upstream/develop
+```
+
+The name you choose for your branch should describe the change you want to make and start with an appropriate prefix:
+
+- `feat/`: for new features (e.g., `feat/line-counter`)
+- `fix/`: for bug fixes (e.g., `fix/memory-leak`)
+- `docs/`: for documentation changes (e.g., `docs/update-readme`)
+- `chore/`: for routine tasks, maintenance, or tooling changes (e.g., `chore/update-dependencies`)
+- `test/`: for adding or modifying tests (e.g., `test/add-unit-tests`)
+- `refactor/`: for code refactoring (e.g., `refactor/simplify-algorithm`)
+
+Make any changes you want to the project code, then run the following commands to commit your changes:
+
+```bash
+git add -A
+git commit -m "feat: add line counter functionality"
+git push -u origin <your_branch_name>
+```
+
+Use conventional commit messages to clearly describe your changes. The format is:
+
+```
+<type>[optional scope]: <description>
+```
+
+Common types include:
+
+- `feat`: A new feature
+- `fix`: A bug fix
+- `docs`: Documentation only changes
+- `style`: Changes that do not affect the meaning of the code (white-space, formatting, etc)
+- `refactor`: A code change that neither fixes a bug nor adds a feature
+- `perf`: A code change that improves performance
+- `test`: Adding missing tests or correcting existing tests
+- `chore`: Changes to the build process or auxiliary tools and libraries
+
+Then, go back to your fork of the `supervision` repository, click "Pull Requests", and click "New Pull Request".
+
+![Opening a pull request](https://media.roboflow.com/open_pr.png)
+
+Make sure the `base` branch is `develop` before submitting your PR.
+
+On the next page, review your changes then click "Create pull request":
+
+![Configuring a pull request](https://media.roboflow.com/create_pr_submit.png)
+
+Next, write a description for your pull request, and click "Create pull request" again to submit it for review:
+
+![Submitting a pull request](https://media.roboflow.com/write_pr.png)
+
+When creating new functions, please ensure you have the following:
+
+1. Docstrings for the function and all parameters.
+2. Unit tests for the function.
+3. Examples in the documentation for the function.
+4. Created an entry in our docs to autogenerate the documentation for the function.
+5. Please share a Google Colab with minimal code to test a new feature or reproduce the issue whenever possible. Please ensure that Google Colab can be accessed without any restrictions.
+
+When you submit your Pull Request, you will be asked to sign a Contributor License Agreement (CLA) by the `cla-assistant` GitHub bot. We can only respond to PRs from contributors who have signed the project CLA.
+
+All pull requests will be reviewed by the maintainers of the project. We will provide feedback and ask for changes if necessary.
+
+PRs must pass all tests and linting requirements before they can be merged.
+
+## Installation for Contributors
+
+Before starting your work on the project, set up your development environment:
+
+1. **Clone your fork of the project:**
+
+    **Option A: Recommended for most contributors (shallow clone of develop branch):**
+
+    ```bash
+    git clone --depth 1 -b develop https://github.com/YOUR_USERNAME/supervision.git
+    cd supervision
+    ```
+
+    Replace `YOUR_USERNAME` with your GitHub username.
+
+    > **Note**: Using `--depth 1` creates a shallow clone with minimal history and `-b develop` ensures you start with the development branch. This significantly reduces download size while providing everything needed to contribute.
+
+    **Option B: Full repository clone (if you need complete history):**
+
+    ```bash
+    git clone https://github.com/YOUR_USERNAME/supervision.git
+    cd supervision
+    git checkout develop
+    ```
+
+2. **Set up the upstream remote:**
+
+    ```bash
+    git remote add upstream https://github.com/roboflow/supervision.git
+    git fetch upstream
+    ```
+
+3. **Create and activate a virtual environment:**
+
+    **On Linux/macOS:**
+
+    ```bash
+    python3 -m venv .venv
+    source .venv/bin/activate
+    ```
+
+    **On Windows:**
+
+    ```cmd
+    python -m venv .venv
+    .venv\Scripts\activate
+    ```
+
+4. **Install `uv`:**
+
+    Follow the instructions on the [uv installation page](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/getting-started/installation/).
+
+5. **Install project dependencies:**
+
+    ```bash
+    uv pip install -r pyproject.toml --group dev --group docs --extra metrics
+    ```
+
+6. **Verify the setup:**
+
+    ```bash
+    uv run pytest
+    ```
+
+## 🎨 Code Style and Quality
+
+### Pre-commit tool
+
+This project uses the [pre-commit](https://pre-commit.com/) tool to maintain code quality and consistency. Before submitting a pull request or making any commits, it is important to run the pre-commit tool to ensure that your changes meet the project's guidelines.
+
+Furthermore, we have integrated a pre-commit GitHub Action into our workflow. This means that with every pull request opened, the pre-commit checks will be automatically enforced, streamlining the code review process and ensuring that all contributions adhere to our quality standards.
+
+To run the pre-commit tool, follow these steps:
+
+1. **Install pre-commit** (already included if you followed the installation steps above):
+
+    ```bash
+    uv sync --group dev
+    ```
+
+2. **Navigate to the project's root directory** (if not already there).
+
+3. **Run pre-commit checks**:
+
+    ```bash
+    uv run pre-commit run --all-files
+    ```
+
+    This will execute the pre-commit hooks configured for this project. If any issues are found, the pre-commit tool will provide feedback on how to resolve them. Make the necessary changes and re-run the command until all issues are resolved.
+
+4. **Install pre-commit as a git hook** (optional but recommended):
+
+    ```bash
+    uv run pre-commit install
+    ```
+
+    This will automatically run pre-commit checks every time you make a `git commit`.
+
+### Docstrings
+
+All new functions and classes in `supervision` should include docstrings. This is a prerequisite for any new functions and classes to be added to the library.
+
+`supervision` adheres to the [Google Python docstring style](https://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html#383-functions-and-methods). Please refer to the style guide while writing docstrings for your contribution.
+
+Every docstring should include a usage example. When the example only uses `supervision`, NumPy, and the standard library — no optional extras, no external files or network access — strongly prefer `>>>` doctest format so it is automatically verified by the test suite. See [Doctests](#doctests) below for syntax guidance and for when fenced ```` ```python ```` blocks are appropriate instead.
+
+### Type checking
+
+Type hints are required on all new code. mypy is enforced by the pre-commit hook configured in `.pre-commit-config.yaml` — your PR will fail CI if mypy reports errors.
+
+### Performance
+
+- Avoid unnecessary copies of NumPy arrays.
+- Prefer vectorized operations over Python loops in hot paths.
+- Lazy-import heavy framework dependencies (`torch`, `transformers`, `ultralytics`) inside the function that needs them — never at module top level.
+
+### Deprecation policy
+
+**Minimum window**: deprecated APIs must remain for at least **3 minor releases** before removal. Example: deprecated in `0.29.0` → removed in `0.32.0`.
+
+Use the appropriate mechanism depending on what is being deprecated:
+
+- **Module-level alias**: `supervision.utils.internal.warn_deprecated` in the deprecated module's `__init__.py`
+- **Renamed parameter**: `supervision.utils.internal.deprecated_parameter` decorator
+- **Public function, method, or class**: `@deprecated` from `pydeprecate`
+
+Always specify both the deprecation version and the planned removal version in the message or decorator arguments.
+
+### Deprecated module aliases
+
+`supervision.keypoint` is deprecated since `0.27.0` and will be removed in `0.30.0`. Always import from `supervision.key_points`:
+
+```python
+from supervision.key_points import KeyPoints  # correct
+```
+
+## 📝 Documentation
+
+The `supervision` documentation is stored in a folder called `docs`. The project documentation is built using `mkdocs`.
+
+To run the documentation locally:
+
+1. **Install documentation dependencies** (if not already installed):
+
+    ```bash
+    uv sync --group docs
+    ```
+
+2. **Start the documentation server**:
+
+    ```bash
+    uv run mkdocs serve
+    ```
+
+3. **Access the documentation** at `http://127.0.0.1:8000` in your browser.
+
+You can learn more about mkdocs on the [mkdocs website](https://www.mkdocs.org/).
+
+## 🧑‍🍳 Cookbooks
+
+We are always looking for new examples and cookbooks to add to the `supervision` documentation. If you have a use case that you think would be helpful to others, please submit a PR with your example. Here are some guidelines for submitting a new example:
+
+- Create a new notebook in the [`docs/notebooks`](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/tree/develop/docs/notebooks) folder.
+- Add a link to the new notebook in [`docs/theme/cookbooks.html`](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/develop/docs/theme/cookbooks.html). Make sure to add the path to the new notebook, as well as a title, labels, author and supervision version.
+- Use the [Count Objects Crossing the Line](https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/notebooks/count-objects-crossing-the-line/) example as a template for your new example.
+- Pin the version of `supervision` you are using in the notebook.
+- Place an appropriate "Open in Colab" button at the top of the notebook. You can find an example of such a button in the aforementioned `Count Objects Crossing the Line` cookbook.
+- **Notebook should be self-contained**. If you rely on external data (videos, images, etc.) or libraries, include download and installation commands in the notebook.
+- Annotate the code with appropriate comments, including links to the documentation describing each of the tools you have used.
+
+## 🧪 Tests
+
+[`pytest`](https://docs.pytest.org/en/7.1.x/) is used to run our tests.
+
+To run tests:
+
+```bash
+uv run pytest
+```
+
+To run tests with coverage:
+
+```bash
+uv run pytest --cov=supervision
+```
+
+### Test Structure
+
+Follow **Arrange-Act-Assert (AAA)**: one setup block, one action, one assertion group per test. Never put two independent actions in the same test.
+
+**Class grouping:** Group related tests into a class. The class name carries the unit under test; method names describe the expected outcome only — not the mechanism.
+
+```python
+class TestDetectionsWithNms:
+    def test_keeps_highest_confidence_detection(self): ...
+    def test_suppresses_lower_score_when_overlap_exceeds_threshold(self): ...
+    def test_raises_when_confidence_missing(self): ...
+```
+
+**Parametrize aggressively:** Three or more structurally identical tests should become a single `@pytest.mark.parametrize` case. Use `pytest.param(..., id="slug")` per case — not `ids=[...]` on the decorator — so the ID stays co-located with its arguments and survives reordering.
+
+```python
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("overlap_metric", "expected_keep"),
+    [
+        pytest.param(OverlapMetric.IOU, [True, True], id="iou-keeps-both"),
+        pytest.param(OverlapMetric.IOS, [True, False], id="ios-suppresses-small"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_overlap_metric_determines_suppression(
+    overlap_metric: OverlapMetric, expected_keep: list[bool]
+) -> None:
+    """Small box inside large: IOU keeps both; IOS suppresses small."""
+    ...
+```
+
+**Docstrings:** Every test function/method requires at minimum a one-line docstring (within the project line length configured in `pyproject.toml`). Describe the scenario, not the implementation.
+
+### Doctests
+
+**Guidance:** when an example uses only `supervision`, NumPy, and the standard library — no optional extras (e.g. no `--extra metrics` packages), no external files, no network, no devices — prefer `>>>` doctest format so it is automatically verified by the test suite. Fenced ```` ```python ```` blocks are appropriate when the example cannot reasonably be executed (e.g. loading a third-party model, reading a video file) or when the primary purpose is demonstrating error/exception behaviour rather than return values.
+
+Doctests run automatically as part of the test suite via `--doctest-modules` in `pyproject.toml`. The `ELLIPSIS` and `NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE` flags are enabled globally, so `...` matches any output fragment and minor whitespace differences are ignored.
+
+```bash
+uv run pytest --doctest-modules src/
+```
+
+**Writing a doctest**
+
+Use the `Example:` section of a Google-style docstring. Prefix each input line with `>>>` and each continuation line with `...`. Place expected output immediately after the last input line with no blank line between them.
+
+```python
+def clip_boxes(xyxy: np.ndarray, resolution_wh: tuple) -> np.ndarray:
+    """Clip bounding boxes to frame boundaries.
+
+    Args:
+        xyxy: Box coordinates as (N, 4) float array.
+        resolution_wh: Frame size as (width, height).
+
+    Returns:
+        Clipped boxes as (N, 4) float array.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> import numpy as np
+        >>> import supervision as sv
+        >>> boxes = np.array([[-10, -5, 120, 80]], dtype=np.float32)
+        >>> sv.clip_boxes(boxes, resolution_wh=(100, 60))
+        array([[ 0.,  0., 100.,  60.]], dtype=float32)
+    """
+```
+
+### Key rules
+
+- **Single-line expression** — write the repr as expected output: `>>> len(result)` → `1`
+- **Multi-line statement** — use `...` continuation: `>>> arr = np.array([` / `...     [1, 2],` / `... ])`
+- **Print output** — write the printed string as expected output (no quotes).
+- **`None` return** — no output line needed (suppress with assignment or `_ =`).
+- **Large/variable arrays** — use `ELLIPSIS`: `array([...])` matches any content.
+- **`# doctest: +SKIP`** — use only as a last resort for genuinely non-runnable lines (e.g. a GPU-only call inside an otherwise runnable example). Prefer splitting the example into two blocks instead.
+
+Fenced ```` ```python ```` blocks remain appropriate for:
+
+- Examples that import optional extras (`supervision[metrics]`, `torch`, `ultralytics`).
+- Examples that read files, capture video, or require a running service.
+- Illustrative pseudocode that is intentionally incomplete.
+
+## 🔍 PR Review Guidelines
+
+These guidelines help reviewers provide consistent, actionable feedback efficiently. Your goals: validate completeness, identify risks, provide actionable feedback, and highlight quality gaps.
+
+### Overall Recommendation
+
+Start with a clear recommendation using these levels:
+
+- 🟢 **Approve** — Ready to merge
+- 🟡 **Minor Suggestions** — Improvements recommended but not blocking
+- 🟠 **Request Changes** — Must address issues before merge
+- 🔴 **Block** — Critical issues require major rework
+
+Example: `🟠 Request Changes — Missing unit tests for PolygonMerger and no mkdocs entry.`
+
+### PR Completeness
+
+Verify requirements are met (✅ Complete / ⚠️ Incomplete / ❌ Missing / 🔵 N/A):
+
+- [ ] Clear description of what changed and why
+- [ ] Tests added/updated for new functionality or bug fixes
+- [ ] Docstrings follow [Google-style](https://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html#383-functions-and-methods)
+- [ ] Docs entry added to mkdocs (new functions/classes only)
+- [ ] Google Colab provided (if demonstrating feature/fix)
+- [ ] Screenshots/videos included (visual changes only)
+
+Call out missing items explicitly in your review.
+
+### Quality Scores
+
+Use **n/5 scoring** with inline code comments for specifics:
+
+**Code Quality (n/5):**
+
+- 5/5 🟢 Excellent — 4/5 🟢 Good — 3/5 🟡 Acceptable — 2/5 🟠 Needs Work — 1/5 🔴 Poor
+- Check: correctness (edge cases, None checks, bounds), Python best practices (idiomatic patterns, error handling, type hints), project conventions (docstrings, linting, import order, PEP 8 naming)
+
+**Testing (n/5):**
+
+- 5/5 🟢 Comprehensive — 4/5 🟢 Good — 3/5 🟡 Adequate — 2/5 🟠 Insufficient — 1/5 🔴 Missing
+- Verify: unit tests for new code, edge cases covered, specific assertions, realistic scenarios, clear test names
+
+**Documentation (n/5):**
+
+- 5/5 🟢 Excellent — 4/5 🟢 Good — 3/5 🟡 Adequate — 2/5 🟠 Insufficient — 1/5 🔴 Missing
+- Confirm: docstrings for public functions/classes, parameters/returns/exceptions documented, usage examples, mkdocs integration, changelog entry for user-facing changes
+
+### Risk Assessment
+
+Flag risks with severity (5/5 🔴 Critical — 4/5 🟠 High — 3/5 🟡 Medium — 2/5 🟢 Low — 1/5 🟢 Negligible):
+
+**Common risk categories:**
+
+1. **Breaking changes** — API changes, removed features, behavior modifications (must include migration guide)
+2. **Performance** — Inefficient algorithms, memory-intensive operations, bottlenecks
+3. **Compatibility** — New Python/dependency requirements, platform-specific code
+4. **Security** — Unvalidated input, code execution risks, data exposure
+
+### Review Summary Template
+
+```markdown
+## Review Summary
+
+**Recommendation:** [emoji] [Status] — [justification]
+
+**PR Completeness:**
+- ✅ Complete: [items]
+- ❌ Missing: [gaps]
+
+**Quality Scores:**
+- Code: n/5 [emoji] — [reason]
+- Testing: n/5 [emoji] — [reason]
+- Documentation: n/5 [emoji] — [reason]
+
+**Risk Level:** n/5 [emoji] — [description]
+
+**Critical Issues (Must Fix):**
+1. [Issue] — See comment on `file.py`
+
+**Suggestions (Optional):**
+1. [Improvement] — See suggestion on `file.py`
+
+**Next Steps:**
+1. [Action item]
+```
+
+### Review Best Practices
+
+**DO:** Use inline GitHub comments with suggestions, explain *why* (not just *what*), distinguish blocking vs. nice-to-have, acknowledge good work, run linter if needed (`uv run pre-commit run --all-files`)
+
+**DON'T:** Mention line numbers in summary (use inline comments), give vague feedback, nitpick style (defer to tools), assume knowledge of conventions, block on minor issues
+
+**Tone:** Be respectful, specific, pragmatic, and consistent. Focus on actionable feedback that moves PRs toward merge.
+
+## 📄 License
+
+By contributing, you agree that your contributions will be licensed under an [MIT license](../LICENSE.md).

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug-report.yml

@@ -1,65 +1,68 @@
 name: 🐞 Bug Report
-# title: " "
-description: Problems with Supervision
+title: "[Bug]: "
+description: Report a bug or unexpected behavior in Supervision
 labels: [bug]
 body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thank you for submitting a Supervision 🐞 Bug Report!
-
   - type: checkboxes
     attributes:
       label: Search before asking
-      description: >
-        Please search the [issues](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues) to see if a similar bug report already exists.
+      description: Please search [issues](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues) and [discussions](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/discussions) first.
       options:
-        - label: >
-            I have searched the Supervision [issues](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues) and found no similar bug report.
+        - label: I have searched the issues and discussions and found no similar bug report.
           required: true
 
   - type: textarea
     attributes:
       label: Bug
-      description: Provide console output with error messages and/or screenshots of the bug.
+      description: Describe the bug, what you expected, and what actually happened.
       placeholder: |
-        💡 ProTip! Include as much information as possible (screenshots, logs, tracebacks etc.) to receive the most helpful response.
+        **What's the bug?**
+        Brief description...
+
+        **Expected behavior:**
+        What should happen...
+
+        **Actual behavior:**
+        What actually happens...
+
+        **Error/Traceback (if any):**
+        ```python
+        # Paste error messages here
+        ```
     validations:
       required: true
 
   - type: textarea
     attributes:
       label: Environment
-      description: Please specify the software and hardware you used to produce the bug.
+      description: Your setup details
       placeholder: |
-        - Supervision: 0.1.0
-        - OS: Ubuntu 20.04
-        - Python: 3.8.10
+        - Supervision: 0.23.0
+        - Python: 3.10.12
+        - OS: Ubuntu 22.04
+      value: |
+        - Supervision:
+        - Python:
+        - OS:
     validations:
-      required: false
+      required: true
 
   - type: textarea
     attributes:
       label: Minimal Reproducible Example
-      description: >
-        When asking a question, people will be better able to provide help if you provide code that they can easily understand and use to **reproduce** the problem.
-        This is referred to by community members as creating a [minimal reproducible example](https://stackoverflow.com/help/minimal-reproducible-example).
+      description: Code to reproduce the bug ([guide](https://stackoverflow.com/help/minimal-reproducible-example))
       placeholder: |
-        ```
-        # Code to reproduce your issue here
+        ```python
+        import supervision as sv
+
+        # Your code here
         ```
     validations:
       required: false
 
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: Additional
-      description: Anything else you would like to share?
-
   - type: checkboxes
     attributes:
       label: Are you willing to submit a PR?
-      description: >
-        (Optional) We encourage you to submit a [Pull Request](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pulls) (PR) to help improve Supervision for everyone, especially if you have a good understanding of how to implement a fix or feature.
+      description: (Optional) We encourage community contributions!
       options:
         - label: Yes I'd like to help by submitting a PR!

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+blank_issues_enabled: false
+contact_links:
+  - name: ❓ Ask a Question
+    url: https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/discussions/new?category=q-a
+    about: Ask questions about using Supervision in GitHub Discussions
+  - name: 📚 Documentation
+    url: https://supervision.roboflow.com/
+    about: Check the official Supervision documentation for guides and API references
+  - name: 💬 GitHub Discussions
+    url: https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/discussions
+    about: Join community discussions, share ideas, and get help
+  - name: 🌟 Show and Tell
+    url: https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/discussions/categories/show-and-tell
+    about: Share your projects and creations built with Supervision
+  - name: 🗣️ Roboflow Discord
+    url: https://discord.com/invite/GbfgXGJ8Bk
+    about: Join our Discord to collaborate with other community members

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature-request.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 name: 🤩 Feature Request
-description: Suggest a Supervision idea
-# title: " "
+title: "[Feature]: "
+description: Suggest a new feature or improvement
 labels: [enhancement]
 body:
   - type: markdown
@@ -11,39 +11,40 @@ body:
   - type: checkboxes
     attributes:
       label: Search before asking
-      description: >
-        Please search the [issues](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues) to see if a similar feature request already exists.
+      description: Please search [issues](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues) and [discussions](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/discussions) first.
       options:
-        - label: >
-            I have searched the Supervision [issues](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues) and found no similar feature requests.
+        - label: I have searched the issues and discussions and found no similar feature request.
           required: true
 
   - type: textarea
     attributes:
-      label: Description
-      description: A short description of your feature.
+      label: Feature Description
+      description: What feature would you like and why?
       placeholder: |
-        What new feature would you like to see in Supervision?
+        **What:** Describe the feature...
+
+        **Why:** What problem does it solve? Who would benefit?
+
+        **How (optional):** Any ideas on implementation?
     validations:
       required: true
 
   - type: textarea
     attributes:
-      label: Use case
-      description: |
-        Describe the use case of your feature request. It will help us understand and prioritize the feature request.
+      label: Example Usage
+      description: (Optional) Show how you'd like to use this feature
       placeholder: |
-        How would this feature be used, and who would use it?
+        ```python
+        import supervision as sv
 
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: Additional
-      description: Anything else you would like to share?
+        # Your example usage here
+        ```
+    validations:
+      required: false
 
   - type: checkboxes
     attributes:
       label: Are you willing to submit a PR?
-      description: >
-        (Optional) We encourage you to submit a [Pull Request](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pulls) (PR) to help improve Supervision for everyone, especially if you have a good understanding of how to implement a fix or feature.
+      description: (Optional) We encourage community contributions!
       options:
         - label: Yes I'd like to help by submitting a PR!

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.yml

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-name: ❓ Question
-description: Ask a Supervision question
-# title: " "
-labels: [question]
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thank you for asking a Supervision ❓ Question!
-
-  - type: checkboxes
-    attributes:
-      label: Search before asking
-      description: >
-        Please search the [issues](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues) to see if a similar feature request already exists.
-      options:
-        - label: >
-            I have searched the Supervision [issues](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues) and found no similar feature requests.
-          required: true
-
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: Question
-      description: What is your question?
-      placeholder: |
-        💡 ProTip! Include as much information as possible (screenshots, logs, tracebacks etc.) to receive the most helpful response.
-    validations:
-      required: true
-
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: Additional
-      description: Anything else you would like to share?

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+<details>
+<summary>Before submitting</summary>
+
+- [ ] Self-reviewed the code
+- [ ] Updated documentation, follow [Google-style](https://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html#383-functions-and-methods)
+- [ ] Added docs entry for autogeneration (if new functions/classes)
+- [ ] Added/updated tests
+- [ ] All tests pass locally
+
+</details>
+
+## Description
+
+<!-- Provide a clear and concise description of your changes -->
+
+## Type of Change
+
+<!-- Mark the relevant option with an "x" and delete the others -->
+
+- 🐛 Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
+- ✨ New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
+- 💥 Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
+- 📝 Documentation update
+- 🧪 Test update
+- 🔨 Refactoring (no functional changes)
+- ⚡ Performance improvement
+- 🔧 Chore (dependencies, configs, etc.)
+
+## Motivation and Context
+
+<!-- Why is this change required? What problem does it solve? -->
+
+<!-- If it fixes an open issue, please link to the issue here -->
+
+Closes #(issue)
+
+## Changes Made
+
+<!-- List the main changes made in this PR -->
+
+-
+-
+-
+
+## Testing
+
+<!-- Describe the tests you ran and how to reproduce them -->
+
+- [ ] I have tested this code locally
+- [ ] I have added unit tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
+- [ ] All new and existing tests pass
+
+## Google Colab (optional)
+
+<!-- If applicable, provide a link to a Google Colab notebook demonstrating the feature/fix -->
+
+<!-- Ensure the notebook is publicly accessible -->
+
+Colab link:
+
+## Screenshots/Videos (optional)
+
+<!-- If applicable, add screenshots or videos to demonstrate the changes -->
+
+## Additional Notes
+
+<!-- Any additional information that reviewers should know -->

.github/copilot-instructions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+# GitHub Copilot Instructions for Supervision
+
+This file provides context-aware guidance for GitHub Copilot when working in the Supervision repository.
+
+---
+
+## 📚 Repository Overview
+
+**Supervision** is a Python library providing reusable computer vision utilities for working with object detection models (YOLO, SAM, etc.). It offers tools for detections processing, tracking, annotation, and dataset management.
+
+- **Languages**: Python 3.9+
+- **Key Dependencies**: NumPy, OpenCV, SciPy
+- **License**: MIT
+
+---
+
+## 🏗️ Project Structure
+
+```
+supervision/
+├── src/
+│   └── supervision/     # Main library code
+│       ├── detection/   # Detection utilities
+│       ├── draw/        # Annotation and visualization
+│       ├── tracker/     # Object tracking
+│       ├── dataset/     # Dataset management
+│       └── utils/       # Shared utilities
+├── tests/               # Test suite (mirrors src/supervision/)
+├── docs/                # MkDocs documentation
+└── examples/            # Usage examples
+```
+
+---
+
+## 🔧 Development Commands
+
+**Setup:**
+
+```bash
+# Install dependencies
+uv sync --group dev --group docs --extra metrics
+
+# Install pre-commit hooks
+uv run pre-commit install
+```
+
+**Quality Checks:**
+
+```bash
+# Run all pre-commit hooks (formatting, linting, type checking)
+uv run pre-commit run --all-files
+
+# Run tests with coverage
+uv run pytest --cov=supervision
+```
+
+**Documentation:**
+
+```bash
+# Serve docs locally at http://127.0.0.1:8000
+uv run mkdocs serve
+```
+
+---
+
+## 💻 Code Conventions
+
+### General Guidelines
+
+- Follow **[AGENTS.md](../AGENTS.md)** for task-based development workflows
+- Reference **[CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md)** for detailed contribution guidelines
+- All code must pass `pre-commit` hooks before committing
+
+### Code Style
+
+- **Formatting**: Enforced by `ruff-format`, `prettier` (pre-commit)
+- **Linting**: Enforced by `ruff-check` (pre-commit)
+- **Type Hints**: Required on all new code
+- **Docstrings**: Required using [Google Python style](https://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html#383-functions-and-methods)
+    - Must include usage examples with primitive values
+    - Serve as runnable documentation
+
+### Performance
+
+- Avoid unnecessary NumPy array copies
+- Prefer vectorized operations over Python loops
+- Use OpenCV operations efficiently
+
+### API Design
+
+- Follow existing naming patterns for consistency
+- Maintain backward compatibility unless explicitly breaking
+- Prefer functional utilities over complex classes
+
+---
+
+## 🧪 Testing Requirements
+
+All new features must include:
+
+- Unit tests covering happy path and edge cases
+- Tests for `None`, empty inputs, large arrays, boundary conditions
+- Clear test names describing what they validate
+- Proper assertions (not just "no exception raised")
+
+---
+
+## 📝 Documentation Requirements
+
+For new public functions/classes:
+
+- Google-style docstrings with parameters, returns, exceptions
+- Usage examples in docstrings
+- Entry in appropriate `docs/*.md` file
+- Reference in `mkdocs.yml` navigation
+
+---
+
+## 🔍 Pull Request Reviews
+
+**When reviewing PRs, follow the comprehensive [PR Review Guidelines](CONTRIBUTING.md#pr-review-guidelines).**
+
+Quick checklist:
+
+- Tests included and passing
+- Docstrings follow Google style with examples
+- Pre-commit hooks pass
+- Breaking changes documented
+- Score code quality, testing, docs (n/5 scale)
+- Use inline comments + GitHub suggestion format
+
+---
+
+## 🌿 Branching & Commits
+
+- Branch from `develop` using prefixes: `feat/`, `fix/`, `docs/`, `refactor/`, `perf/`, `test/`, `chore/`
+- Use **conventional commits**: `feat:`, `fix:`, `docs:`, `refactor:`, `perf:`, `test:`, `chore:`
+- All PRs target `develop` branch
+
+---
+
+## 🎯 Context-Aware Behavior
+
+- **For general development tasks**: Follow [AGENTS.md](../AGENTS.md)
+- **For pull request reviews**: Follow [PR Review Guidelines](CONTRIBUTING.md#pr-review-guidelines)
+- **For detailed processes**: Consult [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md)

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ updates:
     commit-message:
       prefix: ⬆️
     target-branch: "develop"
+    groups:
+      github-actions:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"
   # Python
   - package-ecosystem: "pip"
     directory: "/"

.github/lychee.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+verbose = "info"
+no_progress = true
+include_verbatim = true
+retry_wait_time = 10
+max_retries = 3
+max_concurrency = 8
+cache = false
+accept = [
+    200, # OK
+    408, # Request Timeout
+    # 429 means the server received the request and is actively rate-limiting — the URL is
+    # reachable. Real dead links return 404, 410, 5xx, or fail to connect; none of those
+    # produce a 429, so accepting it here does not hide broken links.
+    429, # Too Many Requests (rate-limited but reachable; does not mask dead links)
+]
+
+exclude = [
+    "https://github.com/YOUR_USERNAME/supervision.git",  # hint for forking contributors
+    "http://127.0.0.1:8000",  # hint for local docs server
+    "https://sam2.metademolab.com/",  # returns 403 Forbidden
+    "https://snyk.io/advisor/python/supervision/badge.svg",  # badge URL
+    "https://universe.roboflow.com/",
+    "https://universe.roboflow.com/model-examples/segmented-animals-basic",
+    # fixme: this page returns 401 Unauthorized when accessed and 404 Not Found when accessed with browser,
+    #  which is weird and should be investigated
+    "https://huggingface.co/spaces/Roboflow/Annotators",
+]

.github/scripts/augment_links.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Script to augment relative links in markdown files to GitHub URLs.
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import os
+import re
+from re import Match
+
+
+def get_repo_root() -> str:
+    """Get the repository root path."""
+    script_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
+    return os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(script_dir))
+
+
+def augment_links_in_file(file_path: str, branch: str = "main") -> None:
+    """
+    Augment relative links in a markdown file to GitHub URLs.
+
+    Args:
+        file_path: Path to the markdown file.
+        branch: Branch name, default "main".
+    """
+    repo_root = get_repo_root()
+
+    if not file_path.endswith(".md"):
+        return
+
+    with open(file_path) as f:
+        content = f.read()
+
+    def replace_link(match: Match[str]) -> str:
+        full_match = match.group(0)
+        text = match.group(2)
+        url = match.group(3)
+        if not url.startswith("http"):
+            # Resolve relative to an absolute path
+            abs_path = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(file_path), url))
+            if os.path.exists(abs_path):
+                # Use 'tree' for directories and 'blob' for files
+                ref = "tree" if os.path.isdir(abs_path) else "blob"
+                rel_to_root = os.path.relpath(abs_path, repo_root)
+                new_url = f"https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/{ref}/{branch}/{rel_to_root}"
+                if full_match.startswith("!"):
+                    return f"![{text}]({new_url})"
+                else:
+                    return f"[{text}]({new_url})"
+        return full_match
+
+    new_content = re.sub(r"(!?)\[([^\]]+)\]\(([^)]+)\)", replace_link, content)
+    with open(file_path, "w") as f:
+        f.write(new_content)
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Augment relative links to GitHub URLs."
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--branch", default="main", help="Branch name")
+    parser.add_argument("files", nargs="+", help="Files to process")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    for file in args.files:
+        augment_links_in_file(file, args.branch)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

.github/workflows/build-package.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+name: Build Package
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      python-version:
+        required: false
+        type: string
+        default: "3.10"
+      link-check:
+        required: false
+        type: boolean
+        default: true
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: 📥 Checkout the repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+
+      - name: 🐍 Install uv and set Python version ${{ inputs.python-version }}
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@fac544c07dec837d0ccb6301d7b5580bf5edae39 # v8.2.0
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ inputs.python-version }}
+          activate-environment: true
+
+      - name: 🎨 Augment paths in README
+        run: |
+          python .github/scripts/augment_links.py README.md --branch ${{ github.head_ref || github.ref_name }}
+          cat README.md
+
+      - name: 🔗 Link Checker
+        if: inputs.link-check
+        uses: lycheeverse/lychee-action@v2
+        with:
+          lycheeVersion: v0.22.0
+          args: |
+            --config .github/lychee.toml
+            README.md
+          fail: true
+
+      - name: 🏗️ Build source and wheel distributions
+        run: |
+          uv sync --frozen --group build
+          uv build
+          twine check --strict dist/*
+
+      - name: 📤 Upload distribution artifacts
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: dist
+          path: dist/

.github/workflows/ci-build-docs.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+name: Docs/Test Workflow
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [main, develop]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [main, develop]
+
+concurrency:
+  group: docs-test-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+
+# Restrict permissions by default
+permissions:
+  contents: read # Required for checkout
+  checks: write # Required for test reporting
+
+jobs:
+  docs-build:
+    name: Test docs build
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    steps:
+      - name: 📥 Checkout the repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+
+      - name: 🐍 Install uv and set Python
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@fac544c07dec837d0ccb6301d7b5580bf5edae39 # v8.2.0
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.10"
+          activate-environment: true
+
+      - name: 🏗️ Install dependencies
+        run: uv sync --frozen --group docs
+
+      - name: 🧪 Test Docs Build
+        run: mkdocs build --verbose

.github/workflows/ci-check-links.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+name: Check links & references
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [main, develop]
+  pull_request:
+  schedule:
+    # Run once a week on Sundays
+    - cron: "0 9 * * 0"
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ci-check-links-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+jobs:
+  links-check:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: 🔗 Link Checker
+        uses: lycheeverse/lychee-action@v2
+        with:
+          lycheeVersion: v0.22.0
+          args: |
+            --config .github/lychee.toml
+            './**/*.md'
+          # TODO: enable also following file types
+          # './**/*.toml'
+          # './**/*.yml'
+          # './**/*.yaml'
+          # './**/*.py'
+          fail: true
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/ci-tests.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+name: Pytest/Test Workflow
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [main, develop]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [main, develop]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: pytest-test-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+
+jobs:
+  build-pkg:
+    name: Build this Package
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/build-package.yml
+    with:
+      # only run link check on PRs from the same repo
+      link-check: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository }}
+
+  run-tests:
+    name: Import Test and Pytest Run
+    # needs: build  # todo: consider using this build package for testing
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os: ["ubuntu-latest", "windows-latest", "macos-latest"]
+        python-version: ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    steps:
+      - name: 📥 Checkout the repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+
+      - name: 🐍 Install uv and set Python version ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@fac544c07dec837d0ccb6301d7b5580bf5edae39 # v8.2.0
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+          activate-environment: true
+
+      - name: 🚀 Install Packages
+        run: uv sync --frozen --group dev --group docs --extra metrics
+
+      - name: 📦 Run the Import test
+        run: python -c "import supervision; from supervision import assets; from supervision import metrics; print(supervision.__version__)"
+
+      - name: 🧪 Run the Test
+        run: pytest src/ tests/ --cov=supervision --cov-report=xml
+
+      - name: Generate Coverage Report
+        run: |
+          coverage xml
+          coverage report
+
+      - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v7
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+          files: "coverage.xml"
+          flags: cpu,${{ runner.os }},python${{ matrix.python-version }}
+          env_vars: OS,PYTHON
+          name: codecov-umbrella
+          fail_ci_if_error: false
+
+      - name: Minimize uv cache
+        run: uv cache prune --ci
+
+  testing-guardian:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: run-tests
+    if: always()
+    steps:
+      - name: 📋 Display test result
+        run: echo "${{ needs.run-tests.result }}"
+      - name: ❌ Fail guardian on test failure
+        if: needs.run-tests.result == 'failure'
+        run: exit 1
+      # Ensure that cancelled or skipped test runs still cause this guardian job to fail,
+      # using an explicit exit code instead of relying on timeout behavior.
+      - name: ⚠️ cancelled or skipped...
+        if: contains(fromJSON('["cancelled", "skipped"]'), needs.run-tests.result)
+        run: |
+          echo "run-tests job result is '${{ needs.run-tests.result }}'; failing explicitly."
+          exit 1
+      - name: ✅ tests succeeded
+        if: needs.run-tests.result == 'success'
+        run: echo "All tests completed successfully in job 'run-tests'."

.github/workflows/clear-cache.yml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 10
     steps:
       - name: Clear cache
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
             console.log("Starting cache cleanup...")

.github/workflows/combine-dependabot-prs.yml

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-name: Combine Dependabot PRs
-
-on:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: "0 1 * * 3" # Wednesday at 01:00
-  workflow_dispatch: # allows you to manually trigger the workflow
-
-permissions:
-  contents: write
-  pull-requests: write
-  checks: read
-
-jobs:
-  combine-prs:
-    name: Combine
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: combine-prs
-        id: combine-prs
-        uses: github/combine-prs@2909f404763c3177a456e052bdb7f2e85d3a7cb3 # v5.2.0
-        with:
-          labels: combined-pr

.github/workflows/pr-conflict-labeler.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+name: PR Conflict Labeler
+
+on:
+  # So that PRs touching the same files as the push are updated
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+      - develop
+  # So that the `dirtyLabel` is removed if conflicts are resolved
+  # We recommend `pull_request_target` so that github secrets are available.
+  # In `pull_request` we wouldn't be able to change labels of fork PRs
+  pull_request_target:
+    types: [synchronize]
+
+permissions:
+  pull-requests: write
+  issues: write
+jobs:
+  main:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: check if prs are dirty
+        uses: eps1lon/actions-label-merge-conflict@v3
+        with:
+          dirtyLabel: "has conflicts"
+          repoToken: "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}"

.github/workflows/publish-docs.yml

@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
-name: Build and Publish Docs
+name: Docs/Build and Publish
+
+# Deploy matrix:
+#   push develop      -> mike deploy develop
+#   push release/latest -> mike deploy latest
+#   release published -> mike deploy <tag> only; does not move /latest/
 
 on:
   push:
     branches:
       - develop
+      - release/latest
   workflow_dispatch:
   release:
     types: [published]
@@ -20,53 +26,145 @@ permissions:
   pull-requests: write # Required for PR comments
 
 jobs:
-  deploy:
+  docs-build-deploy:
     name: Publish Docs
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 10
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.10"]
     steps:
       - name: 📥 Checkout the repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
-      - name: 🐍 Install uv and set Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@85856786d1ce8acfbcc2f13a5f3fbd6b938f9f41 # v7.1.2
+      - name: 🐍 Install uv and set Python
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@fac544c07dec837d0ccb6301d7b5580bf5edae39 # v8.2.0
         with:
-          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+          python-version: "3.10"
           activate-environment: true
 
-
-      - name: 🔑 Create GitHub App token (mkdocs)
-        id: mkdocs_token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@df432ceedc7162793a195dd1713ff69aefc7379e # v2.0.6
-        with:
-          app-id: ${{ secrets.MKDOCS_APP_ID }}
-          private-key: ${{ secrets.MKDOCS_PEM }}
-          owner: roboflow
-          repositories: mkdocs-material-insiders
-
       - name: 🏗️ Install dependencies
-        run: |
-          uv pip install -r pyproject.toml --group docs
-          # Install mkdocs-material-insiders using the GitHub App token
-          uv pip install "git+https://roboflow:${{ steps.mkdocs_token.outputs.token }}@github.com/roboflow/mkdocs-material-insiders.git@9.5.49-insiders-4.53.14#egg=mkdocs-material[imaging]"
+        run: uv sync --frozen --group docs
 
       - name: ⚙️ Configure git for github-actions
         run: |
-          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          git config --global user.email "41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
+          git config --global user.name "${{ github.actor }}"
+          git config --global user.email "${{ github.actor }}@users.noreply.github.com"
 
       - name: 🚀 Deploy Development Docs
         if: (github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop') || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
+        env:
+          MKDOCS_GIT_COMMITTERS_APIKEY: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         run: |
-          MKDOCS_GIT_COMMITTERS_APIKEY=${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} uv run mike deploy --push develop
+          mike deploy --push develop
+
+      - name: 🚀 Deploy Latest Docs
+        if: github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/release/latest'
+        env:
+          MKDOCS_GIT_COMMITTERS_APIKEY: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          mike deploy --push latest
+
+      - name: 🏷️ Determine release deployment metadata
+        id: release_metadata
+        run: |
+          is_rc=false
+          release_tag=""
+          if [[ "$GITHUB_EVENT_NAME" == "release" ]]; then
+            release_tag="${GITHUB_REF_NAME#v}"
+            release_tag="${release_tag%.post*}"
+            release_tag_lower="${release_tag,,}"
+            # Match RC suffixes with separators (1.0-rc1, 1.0.rc1) or compact form (1.0rc1).
+            if [[ "$release_tag_lower" =~ (^|[._-])rc[0-9]+$ ]] || [[ "$release_tag_lower" =~ [0-9]rc[0-9]+$ ]]; then
+              is_rc=true
+            fi
+          fi
+          echo "is_rc=$is_rc" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "release_tag=$release_tag" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
       - name: 🚀 Deploy Release Docs
-        if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
+        if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published' && steps.release_metadata.outputs.is_rc != 'true'
+        env:
+          MKDOCS_GIT_COMMITTERS_APIKEY: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         run: |
-          latest_tag=$(git describe --tags `git rev-list --tags --max-count=1`)
-          MKDOCS_GIT_COMMITTERS_APIKEY=${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} uv run mike deploy --push --update-aliases $latest_tag latest
+          mike deploy --push "${{ steps.release_metadata.outputs.release_tag }}"
+
+      # IndexNow key: 0d5d9799b1cc4a39825146388c6781eb
+      # This key must stay in sync across three files:
+      #   docs/0d5d9799b1cc4a39825146388c6781eb.txt  (key file served at site root)
+      #   docs/theme/main.html                        (indexnow-key meta tag)
+      #   this workflow                               (inject step + notify step below)
+      # Bing/Yandex fetch https://supervision.roboflow.com/<key>.txt to verify ownership.
+      # Do NOT rename or delete the .txt file or change the key string without updating all three.
+      - name: 🌐 Inject GEO root files into gh-pages
+        if: >
+          (github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop') ||
+          github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
+          (github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/release/latest') ||
+          (github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published' && steps.release_metadata.outputs.is_rc != 'true')
+        run: |
+          cp docs/robots.txt /tmp/robots.txt
+          cp docs/llms.txt /tmp/llms.txt
+          cp docs/llms.full.txt /tmp/llms.full.txt
+          cp docs/llms-100k.txt /tmp/llms-100k.txt
+          cp docs/_headers /tmp/headers.txt
+          cp docs/0d5d9799b1cc4a39825146388c6781eb.txt /tmp/indexnow.txt
+          if [[ "$GITHUB_REF" == "refs/heads/release/latest" ]]; then
+            version_dir="latest"
+          else
+            version_dir=""
+          fi
+          git fetch origin gh-pages
+          git checkout gh-pages
+          cp /tmp/robots.txt robots.txt
+          cp /tmp/llms.txt llms.txt
+          cp /tmp/llms.full.txt llms.full.txt
+          cp /tmp/llms-100k.txt llms-100k.txt
+          cp /tmp/headers.txt _headers
+          cp /tmp/indexnow.txt 0d5d9799b1cc4a39825146388c6781eb.txt
+          if [[ -n "$version_dir" && -f "$version_dir/sitemap.xml" ]]; then
+            cp "$version_dir/sitemap.xml" sitemap.xml
+            gzip -9 -c sitemap.xml > sitemap.xml.gz
+          fi
+          files_to_add=(
+            robots.txt
+            llms.txt
+            llms.full.txt
+            llms-100k.txt
+            _headers
+            0d5d9799b1cc4a39825146388c6781eb.txt
+          )
+          if [[ -f "sitemap.xml" ]]; then
+            files_to_add+=(sitemap.xml)
+          fi
+          if [[ -f "sitemap.xml.gz" ]]; then
+            files_to_add+=(sitemap.xml.gz)
+          fi
+          git add "${files_to_add[@]}"
+          git diff --cached --quiet || git commit -m "chore: update GEO root files"
+          git push origin gh-pages
+
+      - name: 📡 Notify IndexNow
+        if: >
+          (github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop') ||
+          github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
+          (github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/release/latest')
+        run: |
+          curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" -X POST "https://api.indexnow.org/IndexNow" \
+            -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
+            -d '{
+              "host": "supervision.roboflow.com",
+              "key": "0d5d9799b1cc4a39825146388c6781eb",
+              "keyLocation": "https://supervision.roboflow.com/0d5d9799b1cc4a39825146388c6781eb.txt",
+              "urlList": [
+                "https://supervision.roboflow.com/",
+                "https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/",
+                "https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/detect_and_annotate/",
+                "https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/track_objects/",
+                "https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/detect_small_objects/",
+                "https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/filter_detections/",
+                "https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/save_detections/",
+                "https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/count_in_zone/",
+                "https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/benchmark_a_model/",
+                "https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/process_datasets/"
+              ]
+            }' || true

.github/workflows/publish-pre-release.yml

@@ -7,12 +7,23 @@ on:
       - "[0-9]+.[0-9]+[0-9]+.[0-9]+b[0-9]"
       - "[0-9]+.[0-9]+[0-9]+.[0-9]+rc[0-9]"
   workflow_dispatch:
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [main, develop]
+    paths:
+      - ".github/workflows/build-package.yml"
+      - ".github/workflows/publish-pre-release.yml"
 
 permissions: {} # Explicitly remove all permissions by default
 
 jobs:
+  build:
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/build-package.yml
+
   publish-pre-release:
     name: Publish Pre-release Package
+    needs: build
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     environment:
       name: test
@@ -21,27 +32,17 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       id-token: write # Required for PyPI publishing
       contents: read # Required for checkout
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.10"]
     steps:
-      - name: 📥 Checkout the repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
-
-      - name: 🐍 Install uv and set Python version ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@85856786d1ce8acfbcc2f13a5f3fbd6b938f9f41 # v7.1.2
+      - name: 📥 Download distribution artifacts
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
         with:
-          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-          activate-environment: true
-
-
-      - name: 🏗️ Build source and wheel distributions
-        run: |
-          uv pip install -r pyproject.toml --group build
-          uv build
-          uv run twine check --strict dist/*
+          name: dist
+          path: dist/
+      - name: List distribution artifacts
+        run: ls -lh dist/
 
       - name: 🚀 Publish to PyPi
-        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@ed0c53931b1dc9bd32cbe73a98c7f6766f8a527e # v1.13.0
+        if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@cef221092ed1bacb1cc03d23a2d87d1d172e277b # v1.14.0
         with:
           attestations: true

.github/workflows/publish-release.yml

@@ -1,16 +1,26 @@
 name: Publish Supervision Releases to PyPI
 
 on:
-  push:
-    tags:
-      - "[0-9]+.[0-9]+[0-9]+.[0-9]"
+  release:
+    types: [published]
   workflow_dispatch:
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [main, develop]
+    paths:
+      - ".github/workflows/build-package.yml"
+      - ".github/workflows/publish-release.yml"
 
 permissions: {} # Explicitly remove all permissions by default
 
 jobs:
+  build:
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/build-package.yml
+
   publish-release:
     name: Publish Release Package
+    needs: build
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     environment:
       name: release
@@ -18,28 +28,26 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 10
     permissions:
       id-token: write # Required for PyPI publishing
-      contents: read # Required for checkout
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.10"]
+      contents: write # Required for checkout and upload assets
     steps:
-      - name: 📥 Checkout the repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
-
-      - name: 🐍 Install uv and set Python version ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@85856786d1ce8acfbcc2f13a5f3fbd6b938f9f41 # v7.1.2
+      - name: 📥 Download distribution artifacts
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
         with:
-          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-          activate-environment: true
+          name: dist
+          path: dist/
+      - name: List distribution artifacts
+        run: ls -lh dist/
 
-
-      - name: 🏗️ Build source and wheel distributions
-        run: |
-          uv pip install -r pyproject.toml --group build
-          uv build
-          uv run twine check --strict dist/*
+      - name: 📦 Upload assets to Release
+        if: github.event_name == 'release'
+        uses: AButler/upload-release-assets@v4.0
+        with:
+          files: "dist/*"
+          repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: 🚀 Publish to PyPi
-        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@ed0c53931b1dc9bd32cbe73a98c7f6766f8a527e # v1.13.0
+        # We only want to publish to PyPi if the event is a release and it's not a pre-release.
+        if: (github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.release.prerelease != true) || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@cef221092ed1bacb1cc03d23a2d87d1d172e277b # v1.14.0
         with:
           attestations: true

.github/workflows/publish-testpypi.yml

@@ -2,12 +2,23 @@ name: Publish Supervision Releases to TestPyPI
 
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [main, develop]
+    paths:
+      - ".github/workflows/build-package.yml"
+      - ".github/workflows/publish-testpypi.yml"
 
 permissions: {} # Explicitly remove all permissions by default
 
 jobs:
+  build:
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/build-package.yml
+
   publish-testpypi:
     name: Publish Release Package
+    needs: build
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     environment:
       name: release
@@ -16,28 +27,18 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       id-token: write # Required for PyPI publishing
       contents: read # Required for checkout
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.10"]
     steps:
-      - name: 📥 Checkout the repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
-
-      - name: 🐍 Install uv and set Python version ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@85856786d1ce8acfbcc2f13a5f3fbd6b938f9f41 # v7.1.2
+      - name: 📥 Download distribution artifacts
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
         with:
-          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-          activate-environment: true
-
-
-      - name: 🏗️ Build source and wheel distributions
-        run: |
-          uv pip install -r pyproject.toml --group build
-          uv build
-          uv run twine check --strict dist/*
+          name: dist
+          path: dist/
+      - name: List distribution artifacts
+        run: ls -lh dist/
 
       - name: 🚀 Publish to Test-PyPi
-        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@ed0c53931b1dc9bd32cbe73a98c7f6766f8a527e # v1.13.0
+        if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@cef221092ed1bacb1cc03d23a2d87d1d172e277b # v1.14.0
         with:
           repository-url: https://test.pypi.org/legacy/
           attestations: true

.github/workflows/test-doc.yml

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-name: 🧪 Docs Test WorkFlow 📚
-
-on:
-  pull_request:
-    branches: [main, develop]
-
-# Restrict permissions by default
-permissions:
-  contents: read # Required for checkout
-  checks: write # Required for test reporting
-
-jobs:
-  docs-build-test:
-    name: Test docs build
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    timeout-minutes: 10
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.10"]
-    steps:
-      - name: 📥 Checkout the repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-
-      - name: 🐍 Install uv and set Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@85856786d1ce8acfbcc2f13a5f3fbd6b938f9f41 # v7.1.2
-        with:
-          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-          activate-environment: true
-
-      - name: 🏗️ Install dependencies
-        run: |
-          uv pip install -r pyproject.toml --group docs
-
-      - name: 🧪 Test Docs Build
-        run: uv run mkdocs build --verbose

.github/workflows/uv-test.yml

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-name: 🔧 Pytest/Test Workflow
-
-on:
-  pull_request:
-    branches: [main, develop]
-
-jobs:
-  run-tests:
-    name: Import Test and Pytest Run
-    timeout-minutes: 10
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-latest]
-        python-version: ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    steps:
-      - name: 📥 Checkout the repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
-
-      - name: 🐍 Install uv and set Python version ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@85856786d1ce8acfbcc2f13a5f3fbd6b938f9f41 # v7.1.2
-        with:
-          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-          activate-environment: true
-
-
-      - name: 🚀 Install Packages
-        run: uv pip install -r pyproject.toml --group dev --group docs --extra metrics
-
-      - name: 🧪 Run the Import test
-        run: uv run python -c "import supervision; from supervision import assets; from supervision import metrics; print(supervision.__version__)"
-
-      - name: 🧪 Run the Test
-        run: uv run pytest

.gitignore

@@ -153,3 +153,20 @@ Desktop.ini
 *~
 .directory
 .Trash-*
+
+# local data
+data/
+
+# Claude working scratchpad (plans, lessons, ephemeral artefacts)
+.claude/logs
+.claude/state/
+.plans/
+.reports/
+.temp/
+.tmp/
+_outputs/
+_resolutions/
+_reviews/
+tasks/
+*.local.md
+scripts/test_multi_skeleton.py

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+default_language_version:
+  python: python3
 
 ci:
   autofix_prs: true
@@ -7,57 +9,73 @@ ci:
 
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-    rev: v5.0.0
+    rev: v6.0.0
     hooks:
       - id: trailing-whitespace
-        exclude: test/.*\.py
       - id: check-yaml
-        exclude: mkdocs.yml
+        args: ["--unsafe"]
       - id: check-executables-have-shebangs
+      - id: check-json
       - id: check-toml
       - id: check-case-conflict
       - id: check-added-large-files
+        args: ["--maxkb=500", "--enforce-all"]
+        exclude: uv.lock|.*\.ipynb$
       - id: detect-private-key
       - id: pretty-format-json
         exclude: demo.ipynb
-        args: ['--autofix', '--no-sort-keys', '--indent=4']
+        args: ["--autofix", "--no-sort-keys", "--indent=4"]
       - id: end-of-file-fixer
       - id: mixed-line-ending
 
-  -   repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/bandit
-      rev: '1.8.6'
-      hooks:
-      -   id: bandit
-          args: ["-c", "pyproject.toml"]
-          additional_dependencies: ["bandit[toml]"]
+  - repo: https://github.com/JoC0de/pre-commit-prettier
+    rev: v3.8.3 # using tag; previously pinned SHA when tags were not persistent
+    hooks:
+      - id: prettier
+        files: \.(ya?ml|toml)$
+        # https://prettier.io/docs/en/options.html#print-width
+        args: ["--print-width=120"]
 
-  -   repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-      rev: v0.12.5
-      hooks:
-      -   id: ruff
-          args: [--fix, --exit-non-zero-on-fix]
-      -   id: ruff-format
-          types_or: [ python, pyi, jupyter ]
+  - repo: https://github.com/tox-dev/pyproject-fmt
+    rev: v2.21.1
+    hooks:
+      - id: pyproject-fmt
 
-  # - repo: https://github.com/executablebooks/mdformat
-  #   rev: 0.7.17
-  #   hooks:
-  #     - id: mdformat
-  #       additional_dependencies:
-  #         - "mdformat-mkdocs[recommended]>=2.1.0"
-  #       args: ["--number"]
+  - repo: https://github.com/abravalheri/validate-pyproject
+    rev: v0.25
+    hooks:
+      - id: validate-pyproject
+
+  - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
+    rev: v0.15.12
+    hooks:
+      - id: ruff-check
+        args: ["--fix"]
+      - id: ruff-format
+        types_or: [python, pyi, jupyter]
+
+  - repo: https://github.com/executablebooks/mdformat
+    rev: 1.0.0
+    hooks:
+      - id: mdformat
+        additional_dependencies:
+          - "mdformat-mkdocs[recommended]>=2.1.0"
+          - "mdformat-ruff"
+        args: ["--number", "--wrap=no"]
+        exclude: ^(docs/changelog\.md|docs/deprecated\.md)$
+
+  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
+    rev: v1.20.2
+    hooks:
+      - id: mypy
+        additional_dependencies:
+          - "numpy>=2.0"
+          - "types-PyYAML"
+          - "types-requests"
 
   - repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
-    rev: v2.4.1
+    rev: v2.4.2
     hooks:
       - id: codespell
         additional_dependencies:
-          - tomli
-
-  - repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-    rev: v3.20.0
-    hooks:
-    -   id: pyupgrade
-        args: ["--py310-plus"]
-        additional_dependencies:
-          - tomli
+          - "tomli>=2.0.1"

AGENTS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+# Agent Guidelines for `supervision`
+
+Behave like a senior contributor: precise, efficient, maintainable. When this file and [CONTRIBUTING.md](.github/CONTRIBUTING.md) conflict, **CONTRIBUTING.md wins**.
+
+---
+
+## 1. Before You Code
+
+- Read the task thoroughly; group clarifications into one ask.
+- Outline a plan before making changes.
+- Check whether the feature already exists under a different name.
+- Confirm alignment with `src/supervision/` architecture.
+
+---
+
+## 2. Repository Architecture
+
+**Package root**: `src/supervision/` — all library code. **Tests**: `tests/` — mirrors `src/supervision/`. **Public API**: `src/supervision/__init__.py`.
+
+```
+src/supervision/
+├── detection/
+│   ├── core.py          — Detections dataclass; all model connectors as classmethods
+│   ├── compact_mask.py  — compact mask representation
+│   ├── vlm.py           — VLM connectors (Florence-2, Gemini, Qwen, PaliGemma)
+│   ├── utils/           — pure NumPy helpers: boxes, converters, iou_and_nms, masks, polygons
+│   ├── line_zone.py     — LineZone
+│   └── tools/           — InferenceSlicer, PolygonZone, CSVSink, JSONSink, DetectionsSmoother
+├── annotators/core.py   — BoxAnnotator, MaskAnnotator, LabelAnnotator, … each: .annotate(scene, detections)
+├── key_points/          — KeyPoints, EdgeAnnotator, VertexAnnotator (use this, NOT keypoint/ — see §4)
+├── tracker/             — DEPRECATED
+├── dataset/core.py      — DetectionDataset / ClassificationDataset (YOLO / COCO / Pascal VOC)
+├── geometry/core.py     — Point, Rect, Vector, Position
+├── metrics/             — mAP, confusion matrix (requires --extra metrics)
+├── utils/internal.py    — warn_deprecated, deprecated_parameter, internal helpers
+└── config.py            — string constants; always import from here, never use literals
+```
+
+### Key design patterns
+
+- **`Detections` is the lingua franca** — every connector, tracker, and annotator speaks `Detections`. New connector = `@classmethod from_<framework>(cls, result) -> Detections`.
+- **Annotators are composable** — receive `scene` (BGR `np.ndarray`) + `detections`, return annotated copy.
+- **`data` dict extensibility** — per-detection metadata in `detections.data` as `np.ndarray` aligned with `xyxy`. Keys are constants from `config.py`.
+- **Vectorized throughout** — NumPy arrays, no Python loops in hot paths. Never write `for det in detections`.
+- **Lazy-import heavy deps** — `torch`, `transformers`, `ultralytics` must be imported inside the function that needs them, never at module top level.
+
+---
+
+## 3. Agent-Critical Rules
+
+These supplement [CONTRIBUTING.md](.github/CONTRIBUTING.md) — covering gaps or agent-specific failure modes.
+
+**Doc headings**: `###` max in docstrings and docs. `####` renders identically to bold in mkdocs — use `**bold**` instead.
+
+**Type hints**: required on all new code. mypy is enforced by pre-commit (`.pre-commit-config.yaml`).
+
+**Doctest determinism** — output must be reproducible across platforms:
+
+- Use `# doctest: +ELLIPSIS` for floats that vary by platform.
+- Seed any RNG before calling it.
+- Never assert `dict` or `set` iteration order.
+- No network or filesystem access outside `supervision/assets/`.
+
+**⚠ Test structure** — agents frequently fail here; read [CONTRIBUTING.md §Tests](.github/CONTRIBUTING.md#-tests) carefully: AAA structure, class grouping, parametrize with `pytest.param(..., id="slug")`, one-line docstring per test.
+
+For branching, commit, code style, and API design conventions see [CONTRIBUTING.md](.github/CONTRIBUTING.md).
+
+---
+
+## 4. Deprecated Module Aliases
+
+`supervision.keypoint` deprecated since `0.27.0`, removed in `0.30.0`. Always import from `supervision.key_points`, not `supervision.keypoint`.
+
+---
+
+## 5. Deprecating APIs
+
+**Minimum window**: deprecated APIs must remain for at least **3 minor releases** before removal. Example: deprecated in `0.29.0` → removed in `0.32.0`.
+
+- Module-level: `supervision.utils.internal.warn_deprecated` in the deprecated module's own `__init__.py`
+- Parameter renamed (old→new): `supervision.utils.internal.deprecated_parameter` decorator
+- Public function, method, or class: `@deprecated` from `pydeprecate`
+
+Always name the version introduced and the removal version:
+
+```python
+warn_deprecated("'foo' deprecated in `0.29.0`, removed in `0.32.0`. Use 'bar'.")
+```
+
+---
+
+## 6. Implementing Features
+
+- Minimal implementation; type hints and Google docstrings with usage examples.
+- Tests covering new functionality and edge cases (see [CONTRIBUTING.md §Tests](.github/CONTRIBUTING.md#-tests)).
+- Update docstrings and mkdocs entries as needed.
+
+**Extending `Detections`**: store metadata in `detections.data` as `np.ndarray` aligned with `xyxy`; define the key as a constant in `config.py` (e.g. `CLASS_NAME_DATA_FIELD`, `ORIENTED_BOX_COORDINATES`).
+
+**New model connector** (`detection/core.py`):
+
+```python
+@classmethod
+def from_myframework(cls, result) -> "Detections":
+    import myframework  # noqa: F401 — lazy import
+
+    xyxy = ...  # (N, 4)
+    return cls(
+        xyxy=xyxy,
+        confidence=...,
+        class_id=...,
+        data={CLASS_NAME_DATA_FIELD: np.array([...])},
+    )
+```
+
+VLM connectors go in `detection/vlm.py`, not `core.py`.
+
+---
+
+## 7. Bugs & Refactoring
+
+**Bugs**: reproduce → write failing test → minimal fix → verify no regressions.
+
+**Refactoring**: preserve behavior and API; reduce duplication; avoid sweeping changes unless requested; apply §5 deprecation when removing public API.
+
+---
+
+## 8. Before You Commit
+
+```bash
+uv run pytest --cov=supervision
+uv run pre-commit run --all-files
+```
+
+Capture a baseline before changes to avoid introducing new failures:
+
+```bash
+STASH_BEFORE=$(git rev-parse refs/stash 2>/dev/null)
+git stash push --include-untracked
+uv run pytest -q 2>&1 | tee /tmp/baseline.txt
+[ "$(git rev-parse refs/stash 2>/dev/null)" != "$STASH_BEFORE" ] && git stash pop
+uv run pytest -q 2>&1 | tee /tmp/after.txt
+diff /tmp/baseline.txt /tmp/after.txt
+```
+
+Any test passing in baseline but failing after = blocker.

CLAUDE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Claude Code Project Instructions
+
+<!-- Imports AGENTS.md, which contains agent roles, behavioral rules, and coding constraints for this project. -->
+
+@AGENTS.md

CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

@@ -1,133 +0,0 @@
-# Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct
-
-## Our Pledge
-
-We as members, contributors, and leaders pledge to make participation in our
-community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body
-size, visible or invisible disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender
-identity and expression, level of experience, education, socioeconomic status,
-nationality, personal appearance, race, caste, color, religion, or sexual
-identity and orientation.
-
-We pledge to act and interact in ways that contribute to an open, welcoming,
-diverse, inclusive, and healthy community.
-
-## Our Standards
-
-Examples of behavior that contributes to a positive environment for our
-community include:
-
-- Demonstrating empathy and kindness toward other people
-- Being respectful of differing opinions, viewpoints, and experiences
-- Giving and gracefully accepting constructive feedback
-- Accepting responsibility and apologizing to those affected by our mistakes,
-  and learning from the experience
-- Focusing on what is best not just for us as individuals, but for the overall
-  community
-
-Examples of unacceptable behavior include:
-
-- The use of sexualized language or imagery, and sexual attention or advances of
-  any kind
-- Trolling, insulting or derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
-- Public or private harassment
-- Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or email address,
-  without their explicit permission
-- Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a
-  professional setting
-
-## Enforcement Responsibilities
-
-Community leaders are responsible for clarifying and enforcing our standards of
-acceptable behavior and will take appropriate and fair corrective action in
-response to any behavior that they deem inappropriate, threatening, offensive,
-or harmful.
-
-Community leaders have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject
-comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions that are
-not aligned to this Code of Conduct, and will communicate reasons for moderation
-decisions when appropriate.
-
-## Scope
-
-This Code of Conduct applies within all community spaces, and also applies when
-an individual is officially representing the community in public spaces.
-Examples of representing our community include using an official e-mail address,
-posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed
-representative at an online or offline event.
-
-## Enforcement
-
-Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be
-reported to the community leaders responsible for enforcement at
-community-reports@roboflow.com.
-
-All complaints will be reviewed and investigated promptly and fairly.
-
-All community leaders are obligated to respect the privacy and security of the
-reporter of any incident.
-
-## Enforcement Guidelines
-
-Community leaders will follow these Community Impact Guidelines in determining
-the consequences for any action they deem in violation of this Code of Conduct:
-
-### 1. Correction
-
-**Community Impact**: Use of inappropriate language or other behavior deemed
-unprofessional or unwelcome in the community.
-
-**Consequence**: A private, written warning from community leaders, providing
-clarity around the nature of the violation and an explanation of why the
-behavior was inappropriate. A public apology may be requested.
-
-### 2. Warning
-
-**Community Impact**: A violation through a single incident or series of
-actions.
-
-**Consequence**: A warning with consequences for continued behavior. No
-interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction with
-those enforcing the Code of Conduct, for a specified period of time. This
-includes avoiding interactions in community spaces as well as external channels
-like social media. Violating these terms may lead to a temporary or permanent
-ban.
-
-### 3. Temporary Ban
-
-**Community Impact**: A serious violation of community standards, including
-sustained inappropriate behavior.
-
-**Consequence**: A temporary ban from any sort of interaction or public
-communication with the community for a specified period of time. No public or
-private interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction
-with those enforcing the Code of Conduct, is allowed during this period.
-Violating these terms may lead to a permanent ban.
-
-### 4. Permanent Ban
-
-**Community Impact**: Demonstrating a pattern of violation of community
-standards, including sustained inappropriate behavior, harassment of an
-individual, or aggression toward or disparagement of classes of individuals.
-
-**Consequence**: A permanent ban from any sort of public interaction within the
-community.
-
-## Attribution
-
-This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant][homepage],
-version 2.1, available at
-[https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/1/code_of_conduct.html][v2.1].
-
-Community Impact Guidelines were inspired by
-[Mozilla's code of conduct enforcement ladder][mozilla coc].
-
-For answers to common questions about this code of conduct, see the FAQ at
-[https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq][faq]. Translations are available at
-[https://www.contributor-covenant.org/translations][translations].
-
-[faq]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq
-[homepage]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org
-[mozilla coc]: https://github.com/mozilla/diversity
-[translations]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org/translations
-[v2.1]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/1/code_of_conduct.html

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,230 +0,0 @@
-# Contributing to Supervision 🛠️
-
-Thank you for your interest in contributing to Supervision!
-
-We are actively improving this library to reduce the amount of work you need to do to solve common computer vision problems.
-
-## Code of Conduct
-
-Please read and adhere to our [Code of Conduct](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/code_of_conduct/). This document outlines the expected behavior for all participants in our project.
-
-## Table of Contents
-
-- [Contribution Guidelines](#contribution-guidelines)
-    - [Contributing Features](#contributing-features)
-- [How to Contribute Changes](#how-to-contribute-changes)
-- [Installation for Contributors](#installation-for-contributors)
-- [Code Style and Quality](#code-style-and-quality)
-    - [Pre-commit tool](#pre-commit-tool)
-    - [Docstrings](#docstrings)
-    - [Type checking](#type-checking)
-- [Documentation](#documentation)
-- [Cookbooks](#cookbooks)
-- [Tests](#tests)
-- [License](#license)
-
-## Contribution Guidelines
-
-We welcome contributions to:
-
-1. Add a new feature to the library (guidance below).
-2. Improve our documentation and add examples to make it clear how to leverage the supervision library.
-3. Report bugs and issues in the project.
-4. Submit a request for a new feature.
-5. Improve our test coverage.
-
-### Contributing Features ✨
-
-Supervision is designed to provide generic utilities to solve problems. Thus, we focus on contributions that can have an impact on a wide range of projects.
-
-For example, counting objects that cross a line anywhere on an image is a common problem in computer vision, but counting objects that cross a line 75% of the way through is less useful.
-
-Before you contribute a new feature, consider submitting an Issue to discuss the feature so the community can weigh in and assist.
-
-## How to Contribute Changes
-
-First, fork this repository to your own GitHub account. Click "fork" in the top corner of the `supervision` repository to get started:
-
-![Forking the repository](https://media.roboflow.com/fork.png)
-
-![Creating a repository fork](https://media.roboflow.com/create_fork.png)
-
-Then, run `git clone` to download the project code to your computer.
-
-You should also set up `roboflow/supervision` as an "upstream" remote (that is, tell git that the reference Supervision repository was the source of your fork of it):
-
-```bash
-git remote add upstream https://github.com/roboflow/supervision.git
-git fetch upstream
-```
-
-Move to a new branch using the `git checkout` command:
-
-```bash
-git checkout -b <scope>/<your_branch_name> upstream/develop
-```
-
-The name you choose for your branch should describe the change you want to make and start with an appropriate prefix:
-
-- `feat/`: for new features (e.g., `feat/line-counter`)
-- `fix/`: for bug fixes (e.g., `fix/memory-leak`)
-- `docs/`: for documentation changes (e.g., `docs/update-readme`)
-- `chore/`: for routine tasks, maintenance, or tooling changes (e.g., `chore/update-dependencies`)
-- `test/`: for adding or modifying tests (e.g., `test/add-unit-tests`)
-- `refactor/`: for code refactoring (e.g., `refactor/simplify-algorithm`)
-
-Make any changes you want to the project code, then run the following commands to commit your changes:
-
-```bash
-git add -A
-git commit -m "feat: add line counter functionality"
-git push -u origin <your_branch_name>
-```
-
-Use conventional commit messages to clearly describe your changes. The format is:
-
-<type>\[optional scope\]: <description>
-
-Common types include:
-
-- feat: A new feature
-- fix: A bug fix
-- docs: Documentation only changes
-- style: Changes that do not affect the meaning of the code (white-space, formatting, etc)
-- refactor: A code change that neither fixes a bug nor adds a feature
-- perf: A code change that improves performance
-- test: Adding missing tests or correcting existing tests
-- chore: Changes to the build process or auxiliary tools and libraries
-
-Then, go back to your fork of the `supervision` repository, click "Pull Requests", and click "New Pull Request".
-
-![Opening a pull request](https://media.roboflow.com/open_pr.png)
-
-Make sure the `base` branch is `develop` before submitting your PR.
-
-On the next page, review your changes then click "Create pull request":
-
-![Configuring a pull request](https://media.roboflow.com/create_pr_submit.png)
-
-Next, write a description for your pull request, and click "Create pull request" again to submit it for review:
-
-![Submitting a pull request](https://media.roboflow.com/write_pr.png)
-
-When creating new functions, please ensure you have the following:
-
-1. Docstrings for the function and all parameters.
-2. Unit tests for the function.
-3. Examples in the documentation for the function.
-4. Created an entry in our docs to autogenerate the documentation for the function.
-5. Please share a Google Colab with minimal code to test new feature or reproduce PR whenever it is possible. Please ensure that Google Colab can be accessed without any issue.
-
-When you submit your Pull Request, you will be asked to sign a Contributor License Agreement (CLA) by the `cla-assistant` GitHub bot. We can only respond to PRs from contributors who have signed the project CLA.
-
-All pull requests will be reviewed by the maintainers of the project. We will provide feedback and ask for changes if necessary.
-
-PRs must pass all tests and linting requirements before they can be merged.
-
-## Installation for Contributors
-
-Before starting your work on the project, set up your development environment:
-
-1. Clone your fork of the project (recommended to use shallow clone of develop branch):
-
-    **Option A: Recommended for most contributors (shallow clone of develop branch):**
-
-    ```bash
-    git clone --depth 1 -b develop https://github.com/YOUR_USERNAME/supervision.git
-    cd supervision
-    ```
-
-    Replace `YOUR_USERNAME` with your GitHub username.
-
-    > Note: Using `--depth 1` creates a shallow clone with minimal history and `-b develop` ensures you start with the development branch. This significantly reduces download size while providing everything needed to contribute.
-
-    **Option B: Full repository clone (if you need complete history):**
-
-    ```bash
-    git clone https://github.com/YOUR_USERNAME/supervision.git
-    cd supervision
-    ```
-
-2. Create and activate a virtual environment:
-
-    ```bash
-    python3 -m venv .venv
-    source .venv/bin/activate
-    ```
-
-3. Install `uv`:
-
-    Follow the instructions on the [uv installation page](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/getting-started/installation/).
-
-4. Install project dependencies:
-
-    ```bash
-    uv pip install -r pyproject.toml --extra dev --extra docs --extra metrics
-    ```
-
-5. Run pytest to verify the setup:
-
-    ```bash
-    uv run pytest
-    ```
-
-## 🎨 Code Style and Quality
-
-### Pre-commit tool
-
-This project uses the [pre-commit](https://pre-commit.com/) tool to maintain code quality and consistency. Before submitting a pull request or making any commits, it is important to run the pre-commit tool to ensure that your changes meet the project's guidelines.
-
-Furthermore, we have integrated a pre-commit GitHub Action into our workflow. This means that with every pull request opened, the pre-commit checks will be automatically enforced, streamlining the code review process and ensuring that all contributions adhere to our quality standards.
-
-To run the pre-commit tool, follow these steps:
-
-1. Install pre-commit by running the following command: `uv pip install -r pyproject.toml --extra dev`. It will not only install pre-commit but also install all the deps and dev-deps of project
-
-2. Once pre-commit is installed, navigate to the project's root directory.
-
-3. Run the command `pre-commit run --all-files`. This will execute the pre-commit hooks configured for this project against the modified files. If any issues are found, the pre-commit tool will provide feedback on how to resolve them. Make the necessary changes and re-run the pre-commit command until all issues are resolved.
-
-4. You can also install pre-commit as a git hook by executing `pre-commit install`. Every time you do a `git commit` pre-commit run automatically for you.
-
-### Docstrings
-
-All new functions and classes in `supervision` should include docstrings. This is a prerequisite for any new functions and classes to be added to the library.
-
-`supervision` adheres to the [Google Python docstring style](https://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html#383-functions-and-methods). Please refer to the style guide while writing docstrings for your contribution.
-
-### Type checking
-
-So far, **there is no type checking with mypy**. See [issue](https://github.com/roboflow-ai/template-python/issues/4).
-
-## 📝 Documentation
-
-The `supervision` documentation is stored in a folder called `docs`. The project documentation is built using `mkdocs`.
-
-To run the documentation, install the project requirements with `uv pip install -r pyproject.toml --extra dev --extra docs`. Then, run `mkdocs serve` to start the documentation server.
-
-You can learn more about mkdocs on the [mkdocs website](https://www.mkdocs.org/).
-
-## 🧑‍🍳 Cookbooks
-
-We are always looking for new examples and cookbooks to add to the `supervision`
-documentation. If you have a use case that you think would be helpful to others, please
-submit a PR with your example. Here are some guidelines for submitting a new example:
-
-- Create a new notebook in the [`docs/notebooks`](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/tree/develop/docs/notebooks) folder.
-- Add a link to the new notebook in [`docs/theme/cookbooks.html`](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/develop/docs/theme/cookbooks.html). Make sure to add the path to the new notebook, as well as a title, labels, author and supervision version.
-- Use the [Count Objects Crossing the Line](https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/notebooks/count-objects-crossing-the-line/) example as a template for your new example.
-- Freeze the version of `supervision` you are using.
-- Place an appropriate Open in Colab button at the top of the notebook. You can find an example of such a button in the aforementioned `Count Objects Crossing the Line` cookbook.
-- Notebook should be self-contained. If you rely on external data ( videos, images, etc.) or libraries, include download and installation commands in the notebook.
-- Annotate the code with appropriate comments, including links to the documentation describing each of the tools you have used.
-
-## 🧪 Tests
-
-[`pytests`](https://docs.pytest.org/en/7.1.x/) is used to run our tests.
-
-## 📄 License
-
-By contributing, you agree that your contributions will be licensed under an [MIT license](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/develop/LICENSE.md).

LICENSE.md

@@ -2,20 +2,8 @@ MIT License
 
 Copyright (c) 2022 Roboflow
 
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

README.md

@@ -14,17 +14,11 @@
 
 <br>
 
-[![version](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
-[![downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/supervision)](https://pypistats.org/packages/supervision)
-[![snyk](https://snyk.io/advisor/python/supervision/badge.svg)](https://snyk.io/advisor/python/supervision)
-[![license](https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/supervision)](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/main/LICENSE.md)
-[![python-version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/supervision)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
-[![colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/roboflow/supervision/blob/main/demo.ipynb)
-[![gradio](https://img.shields.io/badge/%F0%9F%A4%97%20Hugging%20Face-Spaces-blue)](https://huggingface.co/spaces/Roboflow/Annotators)
-[![discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/1159501506232451173?logo=discord&label=discord&labelColor=fff&color=5865f2&link=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscord.gg%2FGbfgXGJ8Bk)](https://discord.gg/GbfgXGJ8Bk)
-[![built-with-material-for-mkdocs](https://img.shields.io/badge/Material_for_MkDocs-526CFE?logo=MaterialForMkDocs&logoColor=white)](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/)
+[![version](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision) [![downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/supervision)](https://pypistats.org/packages/supervision) [![license](https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/supervision)](LICENSE.md) [![python-version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/supervision)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision) [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/roboflow/supervision/graph/badge.svg?token=HMNJ5FVZ36)](https://codecov.io/gh/roboflow/supervision)
 
-  <div align="center">
+[![snyk](https://snyk.io/advisor/python/supervision/badge.svg)](https://snyk.io/advisor/python/supervision) [![colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/roboflow/supervision/blob/main/demo.ipynb) [![gradio](https://img.shields.io/badge/%F0%9F%A4%97%20Hugging%20Face-Spaces-blue)](https://huggingface.co/spaces/Roboflow/Annotators) [![discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/1159501506232451173?logo=discord&label=discord&labelColor=fff&color=5865f2&link=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscord.gg%2FGbfgXGJ8Bk)](https://discord.gg/GbfgXGJ8Bk)
+
+<div align="center">
     <a href="https://trendshift.io/repositories/124"  target="_blank"><img src="https://trendshift.io/api/badge/repositories/124" alt="roboflow%2Fsupervision | Trendshift" style="width: 250px; height: 55px;" width="250" height="55"/></a>
   </div>
 
@@ -32,12 +26,11 @@
 
 ## 👋 hello
 
-**We write your reusable computer vision tools.** Whether you need to load your dataset from your hard drive, draw detections on an image or video, or count how many detections are in a zone. You can count on us! 🤝
+**We are your essential toolkit for computer vision.** From data loading to real-time zone counting, we provide the building blocks so you can focus on building applications around your models. 🤝
 
 ## 💻 install
 
-Pip install the supervision package in a
-[**Python>=3.9**](https://www.python.org/) environment.
+Pip install the supervision package in a [**Python>=3.9**](https://www.python.org/) environment.
 
 ```bash
 pip install supervision
@@ -49,17 +42,18 @@ Read more about conda, mamba, and installing from source in our [guide](https://
 
 ### models
 
-Supervision was designed to be model agnostic. Just plug in any classification, detection, or segmentation model. For your convenience, we have created [connectors](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#detections) for the most popular libraries like Ultralytics, Transformers, or MMDetection.
+Supervision was designed to be model agnostic. Just plug in any classification, detection, or segmentation model. For your convenience, we have created [connectors](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#detections) for the most popular libraries like Ultralytics, Transformers, MMDetection, or Inference. Other integrations, like `rfdetr`, already return `sv.Detections` directly.
+
+Install the optional dependencies for this example with `pip install pillow rfdetr`.
 
 ```python
-import cv2
 import supervision as sv
-from ultralytics import YOLO
+from PIL import Image
+from rfdetr import RFDETRSmall
 
-image = cv2.imread(...)
-model = YOLO("yolov8s.pt")
-result = model(image)[0]
-detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(result)
+image = Image.open(...)
+model = RFDETRSmall()
+detections = model.predict(image, threshold=0.5)
 
 len(detections)
 # 5
@@ -70,21 +64,21 @@ len(detections)
 
 - inference
 
-  Running with [Inference](https://github.com/roboflow/inference) requires a [Roboflow API KEY](https://docs.roboflow.com/api-reference/authentication#retrieve-an-api-key).
+    Running with [Inference](https://github.com/roboflow/inference) requires a [Roboflow API KEY](https://docs.roboflow.com/api-reference/authentication#retrieve-an-api-key).
 
-  ```python
-  import cv2
-  import supervision as sv
-  from inference import get_model
+    ```python
+    import supervision as sv
+    from PIL import Image
+    from inference import get_model
 
-  image = cv2.imread(...)
-  model = get_model(model_id="yolov8s-640", api_key=<ROBOFLOW API KEY>)
-  result = model.infer(image)[0]
-  detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(result)
+    image = Image.open(...)
+    model = get_model(model_id="rfdetr-small", api_key="ROBOFLOW_API_KEY")
+    result = model.infer(image)[0]
+    detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(result)
 
-  len(detections)
-  # 5
-  ```
+    len(detections)
+    # 5
+    ```
 
 </details>
 
@@ -100,9 +94,7 @@ image = cv2.imread(...)
 detections = sv.Detections(...)
 
 box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
-annotated_frame = box_annotator.annotate(
-  scene=image.copy(),
-  detections=detections)
+annotated_frame = box_annotator.annotate(scene=image.copy(), detections=detections)
 ```
 
 https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/assets/26109316/691e219c-0565-4403-9218-ab5644f39bce
@@ -115,8 +107,8 @@ Supervision provides a set of [utils](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/da
 import supervision as sv
 from roboflow import Roboflow
 
-project = Roboflow().workspace(<WORKSPACE_ID>).project(<PROJECT_ID>)
-dataset = project.version(<PROJECT_VERSION>).download("coco")
+project = Roboflow().workspace("WORKSPACE_ID").project("PROJECT_ID")
+dataset = project.version("PROJECT_VERSION").download("coco")
 
 ds = sv.DetectionDataset.from_coco(
     images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/train",
@@ -124,10 +116,11 @@ ds = sv.DetectionDataset.from_coco(
 )
 
 path, image, annotation = ds[0]
-    # loads image on demand
+# loads image on demand
 
 for path, image, annotation in ds:
     # loads image on demand
+    pass
 ```
 
 <details close>
@@ -135,99 +128,99 @@ for path, image, annotation in ds:
 
 - load
 
-  ```python
-  dataset = sv.DetectionDataset.from_yolo(
-      images_directory_path=...,
-      annotations_directory_path=...,
-      data_yaml_path=...
-  )
+    ```python
+    dataset = sv.DetectionDataset.from_yolo(
+        images_directory_path=...,
+        annotations_directory_path=...,
+        data_yaml_path=...,
+    )
 
-  dataset = sv.DetectionDataset.from_pascal_voc(
-      images_directory_path=...,
-      annotations_directory_path=...
-  )
+    dataset = sv.DetectionDataset.from_pascal_voc(
+        images_directory_path=...,
+        annotations_directory_path=...,
+    )
 
-  dataset = sv.DetectionDataset.from_coco(
-      images_directory_path=...,
-      annotations_path=...
-  )
-  ```
+    dataset = sv.DetectionDataset.from_coco(
+        images_directory_path=...,
+        annotations_path=...,
+    )
+    ```
 
 - split
 
-  ```python
-  train_dataset, test_dataset = dataset.split(split_ratio=0.7)
-  test_dataset, valid_dataset = test_dataset.split(split_ratio=0.5)
+    ```python
+    train_dataset, test_dataset = dataset.split(split_ratio=0.7)
+    test_dataset, valid_dataset = test_dataset.split(split_ratio=0.5)
 
-  len(train_dataset), len(test_dataset), len(valid_dataset)
-  # (700, 150, 150)
-  ```
+    len(train_dataset), len(test_dataset), len(valid_dataset)
+    # (700, 150, 150)
+    ```
 
 - merge
 
-  ```python
-  ds_1 = sv.DetectionDataset(...)
-  len(ds_1)
-  # 100
-  ds_1.classes
-  # ['dog', 'person']
+    ```python
+    ds_1 = sv.DetectionDataset(...)
+    len(ds_1)
+    # 100
+    ds_1.classes
+    # ['dog', 'person']
 
-  ds_2 = sv.DetectionDataset(...)
-  len(ds_2)
-  # 200
-  ds_2.classes
-  # ['cat']
+    ds_2 = sv.DetectionDataset(...)
+    len(ds_2)
+    # 200
+    ds_2.classes
+    # ['cat']
 
-  ds_merged = sv.DetectionDataset.merge([ds_1, ds_2])
-  len(ds_merged)
-  # 300
-  ds_merged.classes
-  # ['cat', 'dog', 'person']
-  ```
+    ds_merged = sv.DetectionDataset.merge([ds_1, ds_2])
+    len(ds_merged)
+    # 300
+    ds_merged.classes
+    # ['cat', 'dog', 'person']
+    ```
 
 - save
 
-  ```python
-  dataset.as_yolo(
-      images_directory_path=...,
-      annotations_directory_path=...,
-      data_yaml_path=...
-  )
+    ```python
+    dataset.as_yolo(
+        images_directory_path=...,
+        annotations_directory_path=...,
+        data_yaml_path=...,
+    )
 
-  dataset.as_pascal_voc(
-      images_directory_path=...,
-      annotations_directory_path=...
-  )
+    dataset.as_pascal_voc(
+        images_directory_path=...,
+        annotations_directory_path=...,
+    )
 
-  dataset.as_coco(
-      images_directory_path=...,
-      annotations_path=...
-  )
-  ```
+    dataset.as_coco(
+        images_directory_path=...,
+        annotations_path=...,
+    )
+    ```
 
 - convert
 
-  ```python
-  sv.DetectionDataset.from_yolo(
-      images_directory_path=...,
-      annotations_directory_path=...,
-      data_yaml_path=...
-  ).as_pascal_voc(
-      images_directory_path=...,
-      annotations_directory_path=...
-  )
-  ```
+    ```python
+    sv.DetectionDataset.from_yolo(
+        images_directory_path=...,
+        annotations_directory_path=...,
+        data_yaml_path=...,
+    ).as_pascal_voc(
+        images_directory_path=...,
+        annotations_directory_path=...,
+    )
+    ```
 
 </details>
 
 ## 🎬 tutorials
 
-Want to learn how to use Supervision? Explore our [how-to guides](https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/how_to/detect_and_annotate/), [end-to-end examples](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/tree/develop/examples), [cheatsheet](https://roboflow.github.io/cheatsheet-supervision/), and [cookbooks](https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/cookbooks/)!
+Want to learn how to use Supervision? Explore our [how-to guides](https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/how_to/detect_and_annotate/), [end-to-end examples](./examples), [cheatsheet](https://roboflow.github.io/cheatsheet-supervision/), and [cookbooks](https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/cookbooks/)!
 
 <br/>
 
 <p align="left">
-<a href="https://youtu.be/hAWpsIuem10" title="Dwell Time Analysis with Computer Vision | Real-Time Stream Processing"><img src="https://github.com/SkalskiP/SkalskiP/assets/26109316/a742823d-c158-407d-b30f-063a5d11b4e1" alt="Dwell Time Analysis with Computer Vision | Real-Time Stream Processing" width="300px" align="left" /></a>
+<a href="https://youtu.be/hAWpsIuem10" title="Dwell Time Analysis with Computer Vision | Real-Time Stream Processing"><img src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/014cffc7-72b3-4c0a-bb89-6de265b2c06b" alt="Dwell Time Analysis with Computer Vision | Real-Time Stream Processing" width="300px" align="left" /></a>
 <a href="https://youtu.be/hAWpsIuem10" title="Dwell Time Analysis with Computer Vision | Real-Time Stream Processing"><strong>Dwell Time Analysis with Computer Vision | Real-Time Stream Processing</strong></a>
 <div><strong>Created: 5 Apr 2024</strong></div>
 <br/>Learn how to use computer vision to analyze wait times and optimize processes. This tutorial covers object detection, tracking, and calculating time spent in designated zones. Use these techniques to improve customer experience in retail, traffic management, or other scenarios.</p>
@@ -235,7 +228,7 @@ Want to learn how to use Supervision? Explore our [how-to guides](https://superv
 <br/>
 
 <p align="left">
-<a href="https://youtu.be/uWP6UjDeZvY" title="Speed Estimation & Vehicle Tracking | Computer Vision | Open Source"><img src="https://github.com/SkalskiP/SkalskiP/assets/26109316/61a444c8-b135-48ce-b979-2a5ab47c5a91" alt="Speed Estimation & Vehicle Tracking | Computer Vision | Open Source" width="300px" align="left" /></a>
+<a href="https://youtu.be/uWP6UjDeZvY" title="Speed Estimation & Vehicle Tracking | Computer Vision | Open Source"><img src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/b16b8e21-dc6c-4a73-a678-2f7d5d374793" alt="Speed Estimation & Vehicle Tracking | Computer Vision | Open Source" width="300px" align="left" /></a>
 <a href="https://youtu.be/uWP6UjDeZvY" title="Speed Estimation & Vehicle Tracking | Computer Vision | Open Source"><strong>Speed Estimation & Vehicle Tracking | Computer Vision | Open Source</strong></a>
 <div><strong>Created: 11 Jan 2024</strong></div>
 <br/>Learn how to track and estimate the speed of vehicles using YOLO, ByteTrack, and Roboflow Inference. This comprehensive tutorial covers object detection, multi-object tracking, filtering detections, perspective transformation, speed estimation, visualization improvements, and more.</p>
@@ -256,7 +249,7 @@ Visit our [documentation](https://roboflow.github.io/supervision) page to learn
 
 ## 🏆 contribution
 
-We love your input! Please see our [contributing guide](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) to get started. Thank you 🙏 to all our contributors!
+We love your input! Please see our [contributing guide](.github/CONTRIBUTING.md) to get started. Thank you 🙏 to all our contributors!
 
 <p align="center">
     <a href="https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/graphs/contributors">

docs/0d5d9799b1cc4a39825146388c6781eb.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+0d5d9799b1cc4a39825146388c6781eb

docs/_headers

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+/*
+  Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload
+  X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
+  Referrer-Policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin
+  Permissions-Policy: camera=(), microphone=(), geolocation=()
+  Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none'; frame-ancestors 'none'; img-src 'self' https: data:; media-src 'self' https: data:; font-src 'self' https: data:; style-src 'self'; script-src 'self'; connect-src 'self' https:;

docs/about.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+---
+comments: true
+description: About Supervision, Roboflow's open-source Python library for building reusable computer vision workflows.
+---
+
+# About Supervision
+
+Supervision is an open-source Python library by Roboflow for building computer vision applications. It gives developers a model-agnostic toolkit for loading predictions, annotating images and video, tracking objects, counting detections in zones, processing datasets, and evaluating model performance.
+
+The project centers on a unified `Detections` API with converters for supported outputs from Ultralytics, Roboflow Inference, Hugging Face Transformers, SAM, Detectron2, MMDetection, YOLO-NAS, PaddleDet, NCNN, Azure AI Vision, and VLM parsers such as Florence-2, PaliGemma, Qwen VL, Gemini, DeepSeek VL 2, and Moondream. That common representation lets teams change models without rewriting annotation, filtering, tracking, dataset, or metrics code.
+
+Supervision is maintained by Roboflow and an open-source contributor community. The library is MIT licensed, developed in public on GitHub, and published on PyPI.
+
+## Project Links
+
+- Source code: [github.com/roboflow/supervision](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision)
+- Package: [pypi.org/project/supervision](https://pypi.org/project/supervision/)
+- Community: [Roboflow Discord](https://discord.gg/GbfgXGJ8Bk)
+- Roboflow: [roboflow.com](https://roboflow.com/)
+
+## Maintainers and Contributors
+
+Supervision has been shaped by Roboflow engineers and community contributors, including Piotr Skalski, Borda, onuralpszr, Soumik Mandal, and many others. The complete contributor history is available in the GitHub repository.
+
+## Citation
+
+If Supervision helps your research or production system, cite the project using the citation block in [llms.txt](https://supervision.roboflow.com/llms.txt) or link to the GitHub repository.

docs/assets.md

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 ---
 comments: true
+description: API reference for supervision's assets module — download sample video and image files for demos, testing, and tutorials.
 ---
 
 # Assets
 
-Supervision offers an assets download utility that allows you to download video files
-that you can use in your demos.
+Supervision offers an assets download utility that allows you to download image and video files that you can use in your demos.
 
 <div class="md-typeset">
     <h2><a href="#supervision.assets.downloader.download_assets.download_assets">download_assets</a></h2>
@@ -18,3 +18,9 @@ that you can use in your demos.
 </div>
 
 :::supervision.assets.list.VideoAssets
+
+<div class="md-typeset">
+    <h2><a href="#supervision.assets.list.ImageAssets">ImageAssets</a></h2>
+</div>
+
+:::supervision.assets.list.ImageAssets

docs/changelog.md

@@ -1,5 +1,132 @@
+---
+description: "Full version history of the supervision Python library — release notes, breaking changes, new features, and deprecations for every version."
+date_modified: 2026-06-15
+---
+
 # Changelog
 
+### UnReleased
+
+### 0.29.0 <small>Jun 15, 2026</small>
+
+- Added [#2277](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2277), [#2286](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2286): [`sv.VertexEllipseAreaAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.29.0/keypoint/annotators/#supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexEllipseAreaAnnotator), [`sv.VertexEllipseOutlineAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.29.0/keypoint/annotators/#supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexEllipseOutlineAnnotator), and [`sv.VertexEllipseHaloAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.29.0/keypoint/annotators/#supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexEllipseHaloAnnotator) for visualizing keypoint uncertainty as covariance ellipses. Requires models that output keypoint uncertainty (e.g. RF-DETR keypoint models).
+
+- Added [#2303](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2303): [`sv.oriented_box_non_max_suppression`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.29.0/detection/utils/iou_and_nms/#supervision.detection.utils.iou_and_nms.oriented_box_non_max_suppression) and [`sv.oriented_box_non_max_merge`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.29.0/detection/utils/iou_and_nms/#supervision.detection.utils.iou_and_nms.oriented_box_non_max_merge) for performing NMS and NMM directly on oriented bounding boxes using oriented-box IoU instead of axis-aligned IoU.
+
+- Added [#2247](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2247): [`sv.ConfusionMatrix`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.29.0/metrics/detection/#supervision.metrics.detection.ConfusionMatrix) now supports `MetricTarget.ORIENTED_BOUNDING_BOXES`, computing IoU via `oriented_box_iou_batch` on `xyxyxyxy` corners.
+
+- Added [#2252](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2252): [`sv.process_video`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.29.0/utils/video/#supervision.utils.video.process_video) gains a `preserve_audio` parameter. When enabled, the audio stream from the source video is muxed into the output using ffmpeg.
+
+- Added [#2302](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2302), [#2289](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2289): [`sv.DetectionDataset.as_yolo`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.29.0/datasets/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.as_yolo) gains an `is_obb` parameter for exporting oriented bounding box annotations in the YOLO OBB format (9-token lines with 4 corner coordinates).
+
+- Changed [#2286](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2286): [`sv.KeyPoints`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.29.0/keypoint/core/#supervision.key_points.core.KeyPoints) now separates keypoint-level and detection-level confidence into distinct fields: `keypoint_confidence` (shape `(n, m)`) and `detection_confidence` (shape `(n,)`). A new `visible` mask (shape `(n, m)`) controls per-keypoint visibility. The legacy `KeyPoints.confidence` property still works but is deprecated.
+
+- Changed [#2286](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2286): [`sv.EdgeAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.29.0/keypoint/annotators/#supervision.key_points.annotators.EdgeAnnotator) and [`sv.VertexAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.29.0/keypoint/annotators/#supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexAnnotator) now respect the `visible` mask. Invisible keypoints and their edges are skipped during rendering.
+
+- Changed [#2286](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2286): [`sv.EdgeAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.29.0/keypoint/annotators/#supervision.key_points.annotators.EdgeAnnotator) and [`sv.VertexLabelAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.29.0/keypoint/annotators/#supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexLabelAnnotator) now support per-class skeleton definitions, enabling correct rendering when multiple skeleton topologies (e.g. person + animal) coexist in one frame.
+
+- Changed [#2303](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2303): [`sv.Detections.with_nms`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.29.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.with_nms) and [`sv.Detections.with_nmm`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.29.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.with_nmm) now use oriented-box IoU when `data["xyxyxyxy"]` coordinates are present, instead of axis-aligned box IoU.
+
+- Changed [#2312](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2312): [`sv.Detections.with_nmm`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.29.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.with_nmm) now computes the merged oriented bounding box as the tightest rectangle at the winner's orientation enclosing all corners from every detection in a merge group.
+
+- Changed [#2306](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2306): [`sv.Detections.area`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.29.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.area) now returns the polygon area of the rotated bounding box (via the shoelace formula) when oriented box coordinates are present, instead of the axis-aligned box area.
+
+- Changed [#2256](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2256): [`sv.InferenceSlicer`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.29.0/detection/tools/inference_slicer/#supervision.detection.tools.inference_slicer.InferenceSlicer) now detects OBB outputs from callbacks and automatically falls back to sequential processing to avoid thread-safety issues when `thread_workers > 1`.
+
+- Fixed [#2282](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2282): [`sv.oriented_box_iou_batch`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.29.0/detection/utils/iou_and_nms/#supervision.detection.utils.iou_and_nms.oriented_box_iou_batch) now correctly handles non-square canvases. Previously, rasterization assumed square dimensions, leading to incorrect IoU values for tall or wide images.
+
+- Fixed [#2252](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2252): [`sv.process_video`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.29.0/utils/video/#supervision.utils.video.process_video) audio muxing path now correctly creates temp files on the same filesystem, decodes ffmpeg errors, and avoids muxing incomplete output.
+
+- Fixed [#2239](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2239): [`sv.Detections.from_vlm`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.29.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_vlm) no longer returns `None` for `class_id` on empty VLM parses; now returns an empty int ndarray.
+
+- Fixed [#2270](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2270): [`sv.Detections.from_inference`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.29.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_inference) now preserves `class_name` as a string-dtype array when predictions are empty.
+
+- Fixed [#2269](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2269): [`sv.HeatMapAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.29.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.HeatMapAnnotator) no longer crashes with a divide-by-zero when called with empty detections.
+
+- Fixed [#2276](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2276): COCO export now emits 1-indexed `category_id` values as required by the COCO specification.
+
+- Fixed [#2267](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2267): COCO annotation and image IDs are now sequential across train/val/test splits via `starting_image_id` and `starting_annotation_id` parameters.
+
+- Fixed [#2289](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2289): [`sv.DetectionDataset.as_yolo`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.29.0/datasets/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.as_yolo) no longer loses OBB rotation when exporting oriented bounding boxes.
+
+- Fixed [#2296](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2296): YOLO dataset loading now sorts class names by numeric keys when `data.yaml` uses integer class IDs.
+
+- Fixed [#2297](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2297): Letterbox utility now supports grayscale images.
+
+- Fixed [#2298](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2298): File extension filters now normalize casing (e.g. `.JPG` matches `.jpg`).
+
+- Deprecated: `KeyPoints.confidence` (use `KeyPoints.keypoint_confidence`), `merge_inner_detection_object_pair`, `merge_inner_detections_objects`, `merge_inner_detections_objects_without_iou`, `validate_detections_fields`, `validate_vlm_parameters`, `validate_fields_both_defined_or_none`, `validate_xyxy`, `validate_mask`, `validate_class_id`, `validate_confidence`, `validate_tracker_id`, `validate_data`, `validate_xy`, `validate_key_point_confidence`, `validate_key_points_fields`, `validate_resolution`, `validate_custom_values`, `validate_input_tensors`, and `validate_labels` are deprecated in `0.29.0` and will be removed in `0.32.0`.
+
+### 0.28.0 <small>Apr 30, 2026</small>
+
+- Added [#2159](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2159): [`sv.CompactMask`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/compact_mask/#supervision.detection.compact_mask.CompactMask) for memory-efficient mask storage. Masks are stored as crop-region bounding boxes plus RLE-encoded data instead of full-resolution bitmaps, reducing memory by up to 240× for sparse masks. Integrates transparently with `sv.Detections.mask` — filtering, merging, and `area` all work without materialising the full array.
+
+- Added [#2227](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2227): [`sv.CompactMask.resize(new_image_shape)`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/compact_mask/#supervision.detection.compact_mask.CompactMask.resize) rescales all stored crops to match a new image resolution, enabling use across frames or after image resizing pipelines.
+
+- Added [#2178](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2178): [`sv.Detections.from_inference`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_inference) now supports compressed COCO RLE masks. Inference responses with `rle` or `rle_mask` fields containing a compressed counts string (as produced by `pycocotools`) are decoded directly into binary masks, avoiding a lossy polygon round-trip.
+
+- Added [#2004](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2004): [`sv.Color.from_hex`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/draw/#supervision.draw.color.Color.from_hex) now accepts 8-digit hexadecimal RGBA codes (e.g. `#ff00ff80`). [`Color.as_hex()`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/draw/#supervision.draw.color.Color.as_hex) serialises back, including alpha when not fully opaque. New utility functions `sv.hex_to_rgba`, `sv.rgba_to_hex`, and `sv.is_valid_hex` are exported at the top level.
+
+- Added [#709](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/709): [`sv.BlurAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BlurAnnotator) and [`sv.PixelateAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.PixelateAnnotator) now support dynamic sizing. When `kernel_size=None` or `pixel_size=None` (the new default), the size is computed per detection as a fraction of the shorter bounding-box dimension, producing consistent visual results across objects of different sizes.
+
+- Added [#2186](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2186): [`sv.InferenceSlicer`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/#supervision.detection.tools.inference_slicer.InferenceSlicer) now emits a warning when detections returned by the callback fall outside the tile boundaries, helping catch coordinate-system bugs in custom callbacks.
+
+- Added [#2103](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2103), [#2152](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2152): New [`sv.Detections.from_sam3()`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_sam3) classmethod parses SAM3 PCS (text-prompted) and PVS (visual-prompted video segmentation) response formats into a standard `sv.Detections`, both from the local `inference` package and from Roboflow-hosted server responses.
+
+- Added [#2154](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2154): The library now uses Python's `logging` module instead of `print` for diagnostic output. Messages are emitted under the `supervision` logger so applications can capture, filter, or silence them through standard `logging` configuration.
+
+- Added [#932](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/932): [`sv.ImageAssets`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/assets/) for downloading sample images alongside existing video assets, useful for examples and tutorials.
+
+- Added [#2247](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2247): [`sv.ConfusionMatrix`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/metrics/detection/#confusionmatrix) now accepts `metric_target=MetricTarget.ORIENTED_BOUNDING_BOXES`, computing IoU via `oriented_box_iou_batch` over `xyxyxyxy` coordinates. Previously, OBB inputs silently fell back to axis-aligned bounding-box IoU, producing incorrect match scores for rotated detections.
+
+- Changed [#2169](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2169): [`sv.MeanAveragePrecisionResult`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/mean_average_precision/) and related metric arrays (`mAP_scores`, `ap_per_class`, `iou_thresholds`, precision/recall) are now `float32` instead of `float64`. Reduces memory and speeds up computation; numerical results may differ in the last few digits.
+
+- Changed [#2178](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2178): [`sv.rle_to_mask`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/converters/#supervision.detection.utils.converters.rle_to_mask) and [`sv.mask_to_rle`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/converters/#supervision.detection.utils.converters.mask_to_rle) moved to `supervision.detection.utils.converters`. The old import path `supervision.dataset.utils` continues to work but is deprecated.
+
+- Fixed [#2178](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2178): [`sv.rle_to_mask`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/converters/#supervision.detection.utils.converters.rle_to_mask) now returns `NDArray[bool]` as declared in its signature. Previously the implementation returned `uint8` despite the `bool` annotation; code that relied on the undocumented `uint8` output (e.g. `mask * 255` producing `uint8`) should wrap the result with `.astype(np.uint8)`.
+
+- Fixed [#2210](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2210): [`sv.VideoInfo.fps`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/video/#supervision.utils.video.VideoInfo) now returns a `float` instead of a truncated `int`. Previously, frame rates like 23.976, 29.97, and 59.94 were silently truncated, causing frame-timing drift that accumulates over long videos. The type of `VideoInfo.fps` has changed from `int` to `float`; callers that pass `fps` to APIs requiring an integer (such as `deque(maxlen=...)` or `TraceAnnotator(trace_length=...)`) should wrap the value with `int()`.
+
+- Fixed [#2209](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2209): [`sv.Detections.is_empty()`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.is_empty) now returns `True` for detections filtered down to zero rows, even when `tracker_id` is an empty array. Previously this case incorrectly returned `False`.
+
+- Fixed [#2199](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2199): [`sv.CSVSink`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.CSVSink) now correctly slices numpy array values in `custom_data` per row. Previously the full array was written for every detection.
+
+- Fixed [#2216](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2216): [`sv.CSVSink`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.CSVSink) and [`sv.JSONSink`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.json_sink.JSONSink) now slice plain Python `list` and `tuple` values in `custom_data` per detection row. Lists and tuples matching the detection count are indexed per row, consistent with `np.ndarray` behavior.
+
+- Fixed [#2217](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2217): [`sv.TraceAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.TraceAnnotator) no longer crashes in `smooth` mode when a tracker remains stationary. Duplicate consecutive points caused `splprep` to fail; the annotator now deduplicates anchor points and falls back to a raw polyline when fewer than 4 unique points are available.
+
+- Fixed [#2218](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2218): [`load_coco_annotations`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/) now rejects COCO annotations whose `file_name` escapes the images directory via `../` traversal or absolute paths, preventing path-traversal attacks from malicious annotation files.
+
+- Fixed [#2187](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2187): Extreme memory usage when loading OBB (oriented bounding box) datasets, caused by allocating full-image masks for each rotated box, has been resolved.
+
+- Fixed [#2188](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2188): [`sv.KeyPoints`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/keypoint/core/#supervision.key_points.core.KeyPoints) boolean mask indexing now works correctly when all instances have the same keypoint count (uniform-count selection).
+
+- Fixed [#2185](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2185): [`sv.DetectionDataset.as_coco()`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.as_coco) now preserves `area` and `iscrowd` fields instead of silently dropping them in the round-trip.
+
+- Fixed [#1746](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1746): Precision loss when converting annotations with `force_mask=True` in dataset format converters.
+
+- Fixed [#1991](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1991): [`sv.PolygonZone`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/polygon_zone/) no longer double-counts the same object when multiple zones overlap. Detection bounding boxes were incorrectly clipped to each zone's ROI before anchor computation, causing the same detection to appear at a different anchor point in each zone; anchor is now computed from the original bounding box so containment is independent per zone.
+
+- Fixed [#1868](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1868): [`sv.LineZone`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/line_zone/) no longer mis-attributes crossings when a tracker reuses the same `tracker_id` across different classes. Class-aware bookkeeping prevents a new object from inheriting another class's prior crossing state.
+
+- Fixed [#2022](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2022): [`sv.process_video`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/video/#supervision.utils.video.process_video) now raises immediately when the user callback throws, instead of silently swallowing the exception and hanging until the writer is flushed.
+
+- Fixed [#2156](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2156): [`sv.DetectionDataset`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset) now populates `data["class_name"]` on every loaded annotation, matching what model connectors produce. Downstream code can rely on `class_name` being present whether detections come from a dataset or a model.
+
+- Fixed [#1364](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1364): [`sv.ByteTrack`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/trackers/#supervision.tracker.byte_tracker.core.ByteTrack) now preserves externally assigned `tracker_id` values instead of overwriting them with internal ids on the first update.
+
+- Fixed [#1853](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1853): [`sv.ConfusionMatrix`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/metrics/#supervision.metrics.detection.ConfusionMatrix) `evaluate_detection_batch` now matches predictions to ground truth correctly when multiple detections fall on the same target. Previously, double-counting inflated false-positive and false-negative counts.
+
+- Fixed [#2136](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2136): [`sv.MeanAverageRecall`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/mean_average_recall/) now computes mAR@K using the top-K detections per image, matching the COCO definition. Previous values were inflated relative to `pycocotools`.
+
+- Fixed [#1086](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1086), [#265](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/265): COCO export and `force_masks` behaviour are now consistent across dataset formats. Empty polygons no longer raise during `as_coco`, and `force_masks=True` produces masks regardless of source format.
+
+- Deprecated [#2215](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2215): [`sv.ByteTrack`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/trackers/#supervision.tracker.byte_tracker.core.ByteTrack) is deprecated in favour of `ByteTrackTracker` from the external [`trackers`](https://pypi.org/project/trackers/) package (`pip install trackers`). The update method is renamed from `update_with_detections()` to `update()`. Removal planned for `supervision-0.30.0`.
+
+- Deprecated [#2214](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2214): `supervision.keypoint` module is deprecated; use `supervision.key_points` instead. `create_tiles` in `supervision.utils.image`, `ensure_cv2_image_for_processing` in `supervision.utils.conversion`, and keypoint validation utilities in `supervision.validators` are deprecated. The `LMM` enum (use `VLM`) and `from_lmm` method (use `from_vlm`) were deprecated in 0.26.0; this release migrates their deprecation mechanism to `pydeprecate`.
+
+- Deprecated: `normalized_xyxy` argument in [`sv.denormalize_boxes`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/boxes/#supervision.detection.utils.boxes.denormalize_boxes) renamed to `xyxy`. Passing `normalized_xyxy=` now emits a `FutureWarning`; support will be removed in `supervision-0.30.0`.
+
 ### 0.27.0 <small>Nov 16, 2025</small>
 
 - Added [#2008](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/2008): [`sv.filter_segments_by_distance`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.27.0/detection/utils/masks/#supervision.detection.utils.masks.filter_segments_by_distance) to keep the largest connected component and nearby components within an absolute or relative distance threshold. Useful for cleaning segmentation predictions from models such as SAM, SAM2, YOLO segmentation, and RF-DETR segmentation.
@@ -32,7 +159,7 @@
 
 - Changed: [`sv.denormalize_boxes`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.27.0/detection/utils/boxes/#supervision.detection.utils.boxes.denormalize_boxes) now supports batch conversion of bounding boxes. The function accepts arrays of shape `(N, 4)` and returns a batch of absolute pixel coordinates.
 
-- Changed [#1917](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1917): [`sv.LabelAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/0.27.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.LabelAnnotator) and [`sv.RichLabelAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/0.27.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.LabelAnnotator) now accept `text_offset=(x, y)` to shift the label relative to `text_position`. Works with smart label position and line wrapping.
+- Changed [#1917](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1917): [`sv.LabelAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.27.0/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.LabelAnnotator) and [`sv.RichLabelAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.27.0/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.RichLabelAnnotator) now accept `text_offset=(x, y)` to shift the label relative to `text_position`. Works with smart label position and line wrapping.
 
 !!! failure "Removed"
     Removed the deprecated `overlap_ratio_wh` argument from `sv.InferenceSlicer`. Use the pixel based `overlap_wh` argument to control slice overlap.
@@ -198,7 +325,7 @@
     #        [1908.01, 1346.67, 2585.99, 2024.11]])
     ```
 
-- Changed [#1709](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1790): [`sv.Detections.from_vlm`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.26.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_vlm) now supports parsing bounding boxes from responses generated by [Qwen-2.5 VL](https://github.com/QwenLM/Qwen2.5-VL).
+- Changed [#1709](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1709): [`sv.Detections.from_vlm`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.26.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_vlm) now supports parsing bounding boxes from responses generated by [Qwen-2.5 VL](https://github.com/QwenLM/Qwen2.5-VL).
 
     ```python
     import supervision as sv
@@ -293,7 +420,7 @@ sv.process_video(
 
 - Added `as_detections` method to [`KeyPoints`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.25.0/keypoint/core/#supervision.keypoint.core.KeyPoints) that converts `KeyPoints` to `Detections`. ([#1658](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1658))
 
-- Added a new video to `supervision[assets]`. ([#1657](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1657))
+- Added a new video to the `supervision.assets` download catalog. ([#1657](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1657))
 
 ```python
 from supervision.assets import download_assets, VideoAssets
@@ -901,9 +1028,9 @@ annotated_image = label_annotator.annotate(
 
 ### 0.20.0 <small>April 24, 2024</small>
 
-- Added [#1128](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1128): [`sv.KeyPoints`](/0.20.0/keypoint/core/#supervision.keypoint.core.KeyPoints) to provide initial support for pose estimation and broader keypoint detection models.
+- Added [#1128](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1128): [`sv.KeyPoints`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.20.0/keypoint/core/#supervision.keypoint.core.KeyPoints) to provide initial support for pose estimation and broader keypoint detection models.
 
-- Added [#1128](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1128): [`sv.EdgeAnnotator`](/0.20.0/keypoint/annotators/#supervision.keypoint.annotators.EdgeAnnotator) and [`sv.VertexAnnotator`](/0.20.0/keypoint/annotators/#supervision.keypoint.annotators.VertexAnnotator) to enable rendering of results from keypoint detection models.
+- Added [#1128](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1128): [`sv.EdgeAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.20.0/keypoint/annotators/#supervision.keypoint.annotators.EdgeAnnotator) and [`sv.VertexAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.20.0/keypoint/annotators/#supervision.keypoint.annotators.VertexAnnotator) to enable rendering of results from keypoint detection models.
 
 ```python
 import cv2
@@ -920,17 +1047,17 @@ edge_annotators = sv.EdgeAnnotator(color=sv.Color.GREEN, thickness=5)
 annotated_image = edge_annotators.annotate(image.copy(), keypoints)
 ```
 
-- Changed [#1037](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1037): [`sv.LabelAnnotator`](/0.20.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.LabelAnnotator) by adding an additional `corner_radius` argument that allows for rounding the corners of the bounding box.
+- Changed [#1037](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1037): [`sv.LabelAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.LabelAnnotator) by adding an additional `corner_radius` argument that allows for rounding the corners of the bounding box.
 
-- Changed [#1109](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1109): [`sv.PolygonZone`](/0.20.0/detection/tools/polygon_zone/#supervision.detection.tools.polygon_zone.PolygonZone) such that the `frame_resolution_wh` argument is no longer required to initialize `sv.PolygonZone`.
+- Changed [#1109](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1109): [`sv.PolygonZone`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.20.0/detection/tools/polygon_zone/#supervision.detection.tools.polygon_zone.PolygonZone) such that the `frame_resolution_wh` argument is no longer required to initialize `sv.PolygonZone`.
 
 !!! failure "Deprecated"
 
     The `frame_resolution_wh` parameter in `sv.PolygonZone` is deprecated and will be removed in `supervision-0.24.0`.
 
-- Changed [#1084](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1084): [`sv.get_polygon_center`](/0.20.0/utils/geometry/#supervision.geometry.core.utils.get_polygon_center) to calculate a more accurate polygon centroid.
+- Changed [#1084](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1084): [`sv.get_polygon_center`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.20.0/utils/geometry/#supervision.geometry.core.utils.get_polygon_center) to calculate a more accurate polygon centroid.
 
-- Changed [#1069](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1069): [`sv.Detections.from_transformers`](/0.20.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_transformers) by adding support for Transformers segmentation models and extract class names values.
+- Changed [#1069](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/1069): [`sv.Detections.from_transformers`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.20.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_transformers) by adding support for Transformers segmentation models and extract class names values.
 
 ```python
 import torch
@@ -962,11 +1089,11 @@ annotated_image = label_annotator.annotate(
     scene=annotated_image, detections=detections)
 ```
 
-- Fixed [#787](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/787): [`sv.ByteTrack.update_with_detections`](/0.20.0/trackers/#supervision.tracker.byte_tracker.core.ByteTrack.update_with_detections) which was removing segmentation masks while tracking. Now, `ByteTrack` can be used alongside segmentation models.
+- Fixed [#787](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/787): [`sv.ByteTrack.update_with_detections`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.20.0/trackers/#supervision.tracker.byte_tracker.core.ByteTrack.update_with_detections) which was removing segmentation masks while tracking. Now, `ByteTrack` can be used alongside segmentation models.
 
 ### 0.19.0 <small>March 15, 2024</small>
 
-- Added [#818](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/818): [`sv.CSVSink`](/0.19.0/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.CSVSink) allowing for the straightforward saving of image, video, or stream inference results in a `.csv` file.
+- Added [#818](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/818): [`sv.CSVSink`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.19.0/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.CSVSink) allowing for the straightforward saving of image, video, or stream inference results in a `.csv` file.
 
 ```python
 import supervision as sv
@@ -983,7 +1110,7 @@ with csv_sink:
         csv_sink.append(detections, custom_data={<CUSTOM_LABEL>:<CUSTOM_DATA>})
 ```
 
-- Added [#819](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/819): [`sv.JSONSink`](/0.19.0/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.JSONSink) allowing for the straightforward saving of image, video, or stream inference results in a `.json` file.
+- Added [#819](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/819): [`sv.JSONSink`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.19.0/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.JSONSink) allowing for the straightforward saving of image, video, or stream inference results in a `.json` file.
 
 ```python
 import supervision as sv
@@ -1000,11 +1127,11 @@ with json_sink:
         json_sink.append(detections, custom_data={<CUSTOM_LABEL>:<CUSTOM_DATA>})
 ```
 
-- Added [#847](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/847): [`sv.mask_iou_batch`](/0.19.0/detection/utils/#supervision.detection.utils.mask_iou_batch) allowing to compute Intersection over Union (IoU) of two sets of masks.
+- Added [#847](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/847): [`sv.mask_iou_batch`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.19.0/detection/utils/#supervision.detection.utils.mask_iou_batch) allowing to compute Intersection over Union (IoU) of two sets of masks.
 
-- Added [#847](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/847): [`sv.mask_non_max_suppression`](/0.19.0/detection/utils/#supervision.detection.utils.mask_non_max_suppression) allowing to perform Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) on segmentation predictions.
+- Added [#847](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/847): [`sv.mask_non_max_suppression`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.19.0/detection/utils/#supervision.detection.utils.mask_non_max_suppression) allowing to perform Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) on segmentation predictions.
 
-- Added [#888](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/888): [`sv.CropAnnotator`](/0.19.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.CropAnnotator) allowing users to annotate the scene with scaled-up crops of detections.
+- Added [#888](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/888): [`sv.CropAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.19.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.CropAnnotator) allowing users to annotate the scene with scaled-up crops of detections.
 
 ```python
 import cv2
@@ -1024,17 +1151,17 @@ annotated_frame = crop_annotator.annotate(
 )
 ```
 
-- Changed [#827](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/827): [`sv.ByteTrack.reset`](/0.19.0/trackers/#supervision.tracker.ByteTrack.reset) allowing users to clear trackers state, enabling the processing of multiple video files in sequence.
+- Changed [#827](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/827): [`sv.ByteTrack.reset`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.19.0/trackers/#supervision.tracker.ByteTrack.reset) allowing users to clear trackers state, enabling the processing of multiple video files in sequence.
 
-- Changed [#802](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/802): [`sv.LineZoneAnnotator`](/0.19.0/detection/tools/line_zone/#supervision.detection.line_zone.LineZone) allowing to hide in/out count using `display_in_count` and `display_out_count` properties.
+- Changed [#802](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/802): [`sv.LineZoneAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.19.0/detection/tools/line_zone/#supervision.detection.line_zone.LineZone) allowing to hide in/out count using `display_in_count` and `display_out_count` properties.
 
-- Changed [#787](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/787): [`sv.ByteTrack`](/0.19.0/trackers/#supervision.tracker.ByteTrack) input arguments and docstrings updated to improve readability and ease of use.
+- Changed [#787](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/787): [`sv.ByteTrack`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.19.0/trackers/#supervision.tracker.ByteTrack) input arguments and docstrings updated to improve readability and ease of use.
 
 !!! failure "Deprecated"
 
     The `track_buffer`, `track_thresh`, and `match_thresh` parameters in `sv.ByteTrack` are deprecated and will be removed in `supervision-0.23.0`. Use `lost_track_buffer,` `track_activation_threshold`, and `minimum_matching_threshold` instead.
 
-- Changed [#910](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/910): [`sv.PolygonZone`](/0.19.0/detection/tools/polygon_zone/#supervision.detection.tools.polygon_zone.PolygonZone) to now accept a list of specific box anchors that must be in zone for a detection to be counted.
+- Changed [#910](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/910): [`sv.PolygonZone`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.19.0/detection/tools/polygon_zone/#supervision.detection.tools.polygon_zone.PolygonZone) to now accept a list of specific box anchors that must be in zone for a detection to be counted.
 
 !!! failure "Deprecated"
 
@@ -1042,11 +1169,11 @@ annotated_frame = crop_annotator.annotate(
 
 - Changed [#875](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/875): annotators adding support for Pillow images. All supervision Annotators can now accept an image as either a numpy array or a Pillow Image. They automatically detect its type, draw annotations, and return the output in the same format as the input.
 
-- Fixed [#944](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/944): [`sv.DetectionsSmoother`](/0.19.0/detection/tools/smoother/#supervision.detection.tools.smoother.DetectionsSmoother) removing `tracking_id` from `sv.Detections`.
+- Fixed [#944](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/944): [`sv.DetectionsSmoother`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.19.0/detection/tools/smoother/#supervision.detection.tools.smoother.DetectionsSmoother) removing `tracking_id` from `sv.Detections`.
 
 ### 0.18.0 <small>January 25, 2024</small>
 
-- Added [#720](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/720): [`sv.PercentageBarAnnotator`](/0.18.0/annotators/#percentagebarannotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with percentage values representing confidence or other custom property.
+- Added [#720](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/720): [`sv.PercentageBarAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.18.0/annotators/#percentagebarannotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with percentage values representing confidence or other custom property.
 
 ```python
 >>> import supervision as sv
@@ -1061,9 +1188,9 @@ annotated_frame = crop_annotator.annotate(
 ... )
 ```
 
-- Added [#702](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/702): [`sv.RoundBoxAnnotator`](/0.18.0/annotators/#roundboxannotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with rounded corners bounding boxes.
+- Added [#702](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/702): [`sv.RoundBoxAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.18.0/annotators/#roundboxannotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with rounded corners bounding boxes.
 
-- Added [#770](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/770): [`sv.OrientedBoxAnnotator`](/0.18.0/annotators/#orientedboxannotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with OBB (Oriented Bounding Boxes).
+- Added [#770](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/770): [`sv.OrientedBoxAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.18.0/annotators/#orientedboxannotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with OBB (Oriented Bounding Boxes).
 
 ```python
 import cv2
@@ -1083,9 +1210,9 @@ annotated_frame = oriented_box_annotator.annotate(
 )
 ```
 
-- Added [#696](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/696): [`sv.DetectionsSmoother`](/0.18.0/detection/tools/smoother/#detection-smoother) allowing for smoothing detections over multiple frames in video tracking.
+- Added [#696](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/696): [`sv.DetectionsSmoother`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.18.0/detection/tools/smoother/#detection-smoother) allowing for smoothing detections over multiple frames in video tracking.
 
-- Added [#769](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/769): [`sv.ColorPalette.from_matplotlib`](/0.18.0/draw/color/#supervision.draw.color.ColorPalette.from_matplotlib) allowing users to create a `sv.ColorPalette` instance from a Matplotlib color palette.
+- Added [#769](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/769): [`sv.ColorPalette.from_matplotlib`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.18.0/draw/color/#supervision.draw.color.ColorPalette.from_matplotlib) allowing users to create a `sv.ColorPalette` instance from a Matplotlib color palette.
 
 ```python
 >>> import supervision as sv
@@ -1094,33 +1221,33 @@ annotated_frame = oriented_box_annotator.annotate(
 ColorPalette(colors=[Color(r=68, g=1, b=84), Color(r=59, g=82, b=139), ...])
 ```
 
-- Changed [#770](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/770): [`sv.Detections.from_ultralytics`](/0.18.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_ultralytics) adding support for OBB (Oriented Bounding Boxes).
+- Changed [#770](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/770): [`sv.Detections.from_ultralytics`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.18.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_ultralytics) adding support for OBB (Oriented Bounding Boxes).
 
-- Changed [#735](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/735): [`sv.LineZone`](/0.18.0/detection/tools/line_zone/#linezone) to now accept a list of specific box anchors that must cross the line for a detection to be counted. This update marks a significant improvement from the previous requirement, where all four box corners were necessary. Users can now specify a single anchor, such as `sv.Position.BOTTOM_CENTER`, or any other combination of anchors defined as `List[sv.Position]`.
+- Changed [#735](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/735): [`sv.LineZone`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.18.0/detection/tools/line_zone/#linezone) to now accept a list of specific box anchors that must cross the line for a detection to be counted. This update marks a significant improvement from the previous requirement, where all four box corners were necessary. Users can now specify a single anchor, such as `sv.Position.BOTTOM_CENTER`, or any other combination of anchors defined as `List[sv.Position]`.
 
-- Changed [#756](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/756): [`sv.Color`](/0.18.0/draw/color/#color)'s and [`sv.ColorPalette`](/0.18.0/draw/color/#colorpalette)'s method of accessing predefined colors, transitioning from a function-based approach (`sv.Color.red()`) to a more intuitive and conventional property-based method (`sv.Color.RED`).
+- Changed [#756](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/756): [`sv.Color`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.18.0/draw/color/#color)'s and [`sv.ColorPalette`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.18.0/draw/color/#colorpalette)'s method of accessing predefined colors, transitioning from a function-based approach (`sv.Color.red()`) to a more intuitive and conventional property-based method (`sv.Color.RED`).
 
 !!! failure "Deprecated"
 
     `sv.ColorPalette.default()` is deprecated and will be removed in `supervision-0.22.0`. Use `sv.ColorPalette.DEFAULT` instead.
 
-- Changed [#769](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/769): [`sv.ColorPalette.DEFAULT`](/0.18.0/draw/color/#colorpalette) value, giving users a more extensive set of annotation colors.
+- Changed [#769](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/769): [`sv.ColorPalette.DEFAULT`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.18.0/draw/color/#colorpalette) value, giving users a more extensive set of annotation colors.
 
-- Changed [#677](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/677): `sv.Detections.from_roboflow` to [`sv.Detections.from_inference`](/0.18.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_inference) streamlining its functionality to be compatible with both the both [inference](https://github.com/roboflow/inference) pip package and the Robloflow [hosted API](https://docs.roboflow.com/deploy/hosted-api).
+- Changed [#677](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/677): `sv.Detections.from_roboflow` to [`sv.Detections.from_inference`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.18.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_inference) streamlining its functionality to be compatible with both the both [inference](https://github.com/roboflow/inference) pip package and the Robloflow [hosted API](https://docs.roboflow.com/deploy/hosted-api).
 
 !!! failure "Deprecated"
 
     `Detections.from_roboflow()` is deprecated and will be removed in `supervision-0.22.0`. Use `Detections.from_inference` instead.
 
-- Fixed [#735](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/735): [`sv.LineZone`](/0.18.0/detection/tools/line_zone/#linezone) functionality to accurately update the counter when an object crosses a line from any direction, including from the side. This enhancement enables more precise tracking and analytics, such as calculating individual in/out counts for each lane on the road.
+- Fixed [#735](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/735): [`sv.LineZone`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.18.0/detection/tools/line_zone/#linezone) functionality to accurately update the counter when an object crosses a line from any direction, including from the side. This enhancement enables more precise tracking and analytics, such as calculating individual in/out counts for each lane on the road.
 
 ### 0.17.0 <small>December 06, 2023</small>
 
-- Added [#633](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/633): [`sv.PixelateAnnotator`](/0.17.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.PixelateAnnotator) allowing to pixelate objects on images and videos.
+- Added [#633](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/633): [`sv.PixelateAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.17.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.PixelateAnnotator) allowing to pixelate objects on images and videos.
 
-- Added [#652](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/652): [`sv.TriangleAnnotator`](/0.17.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.TriangleAnnotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with triangle markers.
+- Added [#652](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/652): [`sv.TriangleAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.17.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.TriangleAnnotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with triangle markers.
 
-- Added [#602](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/602): [`sv.PolygonAnnotator`](/0.17.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.PolygonAnnotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with segmentation mask outline.
+- Added [#602](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/602): [`sv.PolygonAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.17.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.PolygonAnnotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with segmentation mask outline.
 
 ```python
 >>> import supervision as sv
@@ -1135,7 +1262,7 @@ ColorPalette(colors=[Color(r=68, g=1, b=84), Color(r=59, g=82, b=139), ...])
 ... )
 ```
 
-- Added [#476](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/476): [`sv.assets`](/0.18.0/assets/) allowing download of video files that you can use in your demos.
+- Added [#476](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/476): [`sv.assets`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.18.0/assets/) allowing download of video files that you can use in your demos.
 
 ```python
 >>> from supervision.assets import download_assets, VideoAssets
@@ -1143,35 +1270,35 @@ ColorPalette(colors=[Color(r=68, g=1, b=84), Color(r=59, g=82, b=139), ...])
 "vehicles.mp4"
 ```
 
-- Added [#605](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/605): [`Position.CENTER_OF_MASS`](/0.17.0/geometry/core/#position) allowing to place labels in center of mass of segmentation masks.
+- Added [#605](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/605): [`Position.CENTER_OF_MASS`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.17.0/geometry/core/#position) allowing to place labels in center of mass of segmentation masks.
 
-- Added [#651](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/651): [`sv.scale_boxes`](/0.17.0/detection/utils/#supervision.detection.utils.scale_boxes) allowing to scale [`sv.Detections.xyxy`](/0.17.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections) values.
+- Added [#651](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/651): [`sv.scale_boxes`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.17.0/detection/utils/#supervision.detection.utils.scale_boxes) allowing to scale [`sv.Detections.xyxy`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.17.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections) values.
 
-- Added [#637](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/637): [`sv.calculate_dynamic_text_scale`](/0.17.0/draw/utils/#supervision.draw.utils.calculate_dynamic_text_scale) and [`sv.calculate_dynamic_line_thickness`](/0.17.0/draw/utils/#supervision.draw.utils.calculate_dynamic_line_thickness) allowing text scale and line thickness to match image resolution.
+- Added [#637](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/637): [`sv.calculate_dynamic_text_scale`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.17.0/draw/utils/#supervision.draw.utils.calculate_dynamic_text_scale) and [`sv.calculate_dynamic_line_thickness`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.17.0/draw/utils/#supervision.draw.utils.calculate_dynamic_line_thickness) allowing text scale and line thickness to match image resolution.
 
-- Added [#620](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/620): [`sv.Color.as_hex`](/0.17.0/draw/color/#supervision.draw.color.Color.as_hex) allowing to extract color value in HEX format.
+- Added [#620](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/620): [`sv.Color.as_hex`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.17.0/draw/color/#supervision.draw.color.Color.as_hex) allowing to extract color value in HEX format.
 
-- Added [#572](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/572): [`sv.Classifications.from_timm`](/0.17.0/classification/core/#supervision.classification.core.Classifications.from_timm) allowing to load classification result from [timm](https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/timm) models.
+- Added [#572](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/572): [`sv.Classifications.from_timm`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.17.0/classification/core/#supervision.classification.core.Classifications.from_timm) allowing to load classification result from [timm](https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/timm) models.
 
-- Added [#478](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/478): [`sv.Classifications.from_clip`](/0.17.0/classification/core/#supervision.classification.core.Classifications.from_clip) allowing to load classification result from [clip](https://github.com/openai/clip) model.
+- Added [#478](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/478): [`sv.Classifications.from_clip`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.17.0/classification/core/#supervision.classification.core.Classifications.from_clip) allowing to load classification result from [clip](https://github.com/openai/clip) model.
 
-- Added [#571](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/571): [`sv.Detections.from_azure_analyze_image`](/0.17.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_azure_analyze_image) allowing to load detection results from [Azure Image Analysis](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/ai-services/computer-vision/concept-object-detection-40).
+- Added [#571](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/571): [`sv.Detections.from_azure_analyze_image`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.17.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_azure_analyze_image) allowing to load detection results from [Azure Image Analysis](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/ai-services/computer-vision/concept-object-detection-40).
 
-- Changed [#646](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/646): `sv.BoxMaskAnnotator` renaming it to [`sv.ColorAnnotator`](/0.17.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.ColorAnnotator).
+- Changed [#646](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/646): `sv.BoxMaskAnnotator` renaming it to [`sv.ColorAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.17.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.ColorAnnotator).
 
-- Changed [#606](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/606): [`sv.MaskAnnotator`](/0.17.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.MaskAnnotator) to make it **5x faster**.
+- Changed [#606](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/606): [`sv.MaskAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.17.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.MaskAnnotator) to make it **5x faster**.
 
-- Fixed [#584](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/584): [`sv.DetectionDataset.from_yolo`](/0.17.0/datasets/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.from_yolo) to ignore empty lines in annotation files.
+- Fixed [#584](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/584): [`sv.DetectionDataset.from_yolo`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.17.0/datasets/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.from_yolo) to ignore empty lines in annotation files.
 
-- Fixed [#555](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/555): [`sv.BlurAnnotator`](/0.17.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BlurAnnotator) to trim negative coordinates before bluring detections.
+- Fixed [#555](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/555): [`sv.BlurAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.17.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BlurAnnotator) to trim negative coordinates before bluring detections.
 
-- Fixed [#511](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/511): [`sv.TraceAnnotator`](/0.17.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.TraceAnnotator) to respect trace position.
+- Fixed [#511](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/511): [`sv.TraceAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.17.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.TraceAnnotator) to respect trace position.
 
 ### 0.16.0 <small>October 19, 2023</small>
 
-- Added [#422](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/422): [`sv.BoxMaskAnnotator`](/0.16.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BoxMaskAnnotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with mox masks.
+- Added [#422](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/422): [`sv.BoxMaskAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.16.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BoxMaskAnnotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with mox masks.
 
-- Added [#433](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/433): [`sv.HaloAnnotator`](/0.16.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.HaloAnnotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with halo effect.
+- Added [#433](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/433): [`sv.HaloAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.16.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.HaloAnnotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with halo effect.
 
 ```python
 >>> import supervision as sv
@@ -1186,45 +1313,45 @@ ColorPalette(colors=[Color(r=68, g=1, b=84), Color(r=59, g=82, b=139), ...])
 ... )
 ```
 
-- Added [#466](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/466): [`sv.HeatMapAnnotator`](/0.16.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.HeatMapAnnotator) allowing to annotate videos with heat maps.
+- Added [#466](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/466): [`sv.HeatMapAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.16.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.HeatMapAnnotator) allowing to annotate videos with heat maps.
 
-- Added [#492](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/492): [`sv.DotAnnotator`](/0.16.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.DotAnnotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with dots.
+- Added [#492](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/492): [`sv.DotAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.16.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.DotAnnotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with dots.
 
-- Added [#449](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/449): [`sv.draw_image`](/0.16.0/draw/utils/#supervision.draw.utils.draw_image) allowing to draw an image onto a given scene with specified opacity and dimensions.
+- Added [#449](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/449): [`sv.draw_image`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.16.0/draw/utils/#supervision.draw.utils.draw_image) allowing to draw an image onto a given scene with specified opacity and dimensions.
 
-- Added [#280](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/280): [`sv.FPSMonitor`](/0.16.0/utils/video/#supervision.utils.video.FPSMonitor) for monitoring frames per second (FPS) to benchmark latency.
+- Added [#280](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/280): [`sv.FPSMonitor`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.16.0/utils/video/#supervision.utils.video.FPSMonitor) for monitoring frames per second (FPS) to benchmark latency.
 
 - Added [#454](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/454): 🤗 Hugging Face Annotators [space](https://huggingface.co/spaces/Roboflow/Annotators).
 
-- Changed [#482](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/482): [`sv.LineZone.trigger`](/0.16.0/detection/tools/line_zone/#supervision.detection.line_counter.LineZone.trigger) now return `Tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]`. The first array indicates which detections have crossed the line from outside to inside. The second array indicates which detections have crossed the line from inside to outside.
+- Changed [#482](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/482): [`sv.LineZone.trigger`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.16.0/detection/tools/line_zone/#supervision.detection.line_counter.LineZone.trigger) now return `Tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]`. The first array indicates which detections have crossed the line from outside to inside. The second array indicates which detections have crossed the line from inside to outside.
 
 - Changed [#465](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/465): Annotator argument name from `color_map: str` to `color_lookup: ColorLookup` enum to increase type safety.
 
-- Changed [#426](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/426): [`sv.MaskAnnotator`](/0.16.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.MaskAnnotator) allowing 2x faster annotation.
+- Changed [#426](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/426): [`sv.MaskAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.16.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.MaskAnnotator) allowing 2x faster annotation.
 
 - Fixed [#477](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/477): Poetry env definition allowing proper local installation.
 
-- Fixed [#430](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/430): [`sv.ByteTrack`](/0.16.0/trackers/#supervision.tracker.byte_tracker.core.ByteTrack) to return `np.array([], dtype=int)` when `svDetections` is empty.
+- Fixed [#430](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/430): [`sv.ByteTrack`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.16.0/trackers/#supervision.tracker.byte_tracker.core.ByteTrack) to return `np.array([], dtype=int)` when `svDetections` is empty.
 
 !!! failure "Deprecated"
 
-    `sv.Detections.from_yolov8` and `sv.Classifications.from_yolov8` as those are now replaced by [`sv.Detections.from_ultralytics`](/0.16.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_ultralytics) and [`sv.Classifications.from_ultralytics`](/0.16.0/classification/core/#supervision.classification.core.Classifications.from_ultralytics).
+    `sv.Detections.from_yolov8` and `sv.Classifications.from_yolov8` as those are now replaced by [`sv.Detections.from_ultralytics`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.16.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_ultralytics) and [`sv.Classifications.from_ultralytics`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.16.0/classification/core/#supervision.classification.core.Classifications.from_ultralytics).
 
 ### 0.15.0 <small>October 5, 2023</small>
 
-- Added [#170](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/170): [`sv.BoundingBoxAnnotator`](/0.15.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BoundingBoxAnnotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with bounding boxes.
+- Added [#170](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/170): [`sv.BoundingBoxAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.15.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BoundingBoxAnnotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with bounding boxes.
 
-- Added [#170](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/170): [`sv.BoxCornerAnnotator `](/0.15.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BoxCornerAnnotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with just bounding box corners.
+- Added [#170](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/170): [`sv.BoxCornerAnnotator `](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.15.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BoxCornerAnnotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with just bounding box corners.
 
-- Added [#170](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/170): [`sv.MaskAnnotator`](/0.15.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.MaskAnnotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with segmentation masks.
+- Added [#170](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/170): [`sv.MaskAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.15.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.MaskAnnotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with segmentation masks.
 
-- Added [#170](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/170): [`sv.EllipseAnnotator`](/0.15.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.EllipseAnnotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with ellipses (sports game style).
+- Added [#170](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/170): [`sv.EllipseAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.15.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.EllipseAnnotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with ellipses (sports game style).
 
-- Added [#386](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/386): [`sv.CircleAnnotator`](/0.15.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.CircleAnnotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with circles.
+- Added [#386](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/386): [`sv.CircleAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.15.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.CircleAnnotator) allowing to annotate images and videos with circles.
 
-- Added [#354](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/354): [`sv.TraceAnnotator`](/0.15.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.TraceAnnotator) allowing to draw path of moving objects on videos.
+- Added [#354](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/354): [`sv.TraceAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.15.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.TraceAnnotator) allowing to draw path of moving objects on videos.
 
-- Added [#405](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/405): [`sv.BlurAnnotator`](/0.15.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BlurAnnotator) allowing to blur objects on images and videos.
+- Added [#405](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/405): [`sv.BlurAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.15.0/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BlurAnnotator) allowing to blur objects on images and videos.
 
 ```python
 >>> import supervision as sv
@@ -1241,17 +1368,17 @@ ColorPalette(colors=[Color(r=68, g=1, b=84), Color(r=59, g=82, b=139), ...])
 
 - Added [#354](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/354): Supervision usage [example](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/tree/develop/examples/traffic_analysis). You can now learn how to perform traffic flow analysis with Supervision.
 
-- Changed [#399](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/399): [`sv.Detections.from_roboflow`](/0.15.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_roboflow) now does not require `class_list` to be specified. The `class_id` value can be extracted directly from the [inference](https://github.com/roboflow/inference) response.
+- Changed [#399](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/399): [`sv.Detections.from_roboflow`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.15.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_roboflow) now does not require `class_list` to be specified. The `class_id` value can be extracted directly from the [inference](https://github.com/roboflow/inference) response.
 
-- Changed [#381](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/381): [`sv.VideoSink`](/0.15.0/utils/video/#videosink) now allows to customize the output codec.
+- Changed [#381](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/381): [`sv.VideoSink`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.15.0/utils/video/#videosink) now allows to customize the output codec.
 
-- Changed [#361](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/361): [`sv.InferenceSlicer`](/0.15.0/detection/tools/inference_slicer/#supervision.detection.tools.inference_slicer.InferenceSlicer) can now operate in multithreading mode.
+- Changed [#361](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/361): [`sv.InferenceSlicer`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.15.0/detection/tools/inference_slicer/#supervision.detection.tools.inference_slicer.InferenceSlicer) can now operate in multithreading mode.
 
-- Fixed [#348](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/348): [`sv.Detections.from_deepsparse`](/0.15.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_deepsparse) to allow processing empty [deepsparse](https://github.com/neuralmagic/deepsparse) result object.
+- Fixed [#348](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/348): [`sv.Detections.from_deepsparse`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.15.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_deepsparse) to allow processing empty [deepsparse](https://github.com/neuralmagic/deepsparse) result object.
 
 ### 0.14.0 <small>August 31, 2023</small>
 
-- Added [#282](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/282): support for SAHI inference technique with [`sv.InferenceSlicer`](/0.14.0/detection/tools/inference_slicer).
+- Added [#282](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/282): support for SAHI inference technique with [`sv.InferenceSlicer`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.14.0/detection/tools/inference_slicer).
 
 ```python
 >>> import cv2
@@ -1270,23 +1397,23 @@ ColorPalette(colors=[Color(r=68, g=1, b=84), Color(r=59, g=82, b=139), ...])
 >>> detections = slicer(image)
 ```
 
-- Added [#297](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/297): [`Detections.from_deepsparse`](/0.14.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_deepsparse) to enable seamless integration with [DeepSparse](https://github.com/neuralmagic/deepsparse) framework.
+- Added [#297](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/297): [`Detections.from_deepsparse`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.14.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_deepsparse) to enable seamless integration with [DeepSparse](https://github.com/neuralmagic/deepsparse) framework.
 
-- Added [#281](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/281): [`sv.Classifications.from_ultralytics`](/0.14.0/classification/core/#supervision.classification.core.Classifications.from_ultralytics) to enable seamless integration with [Ultralytics](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics) framework. This will enable you to use supervision with all [models](https://docs.ultralytics.com/models/) that Ultralytics supports.
+- Added [#281](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/281): [`sv.Classifications.from_ultralytics`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.14.0/classification/core/#supervision.classification.core.Classifications.from_ultralytics) to enable seamless integration with [Ultralytics](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics) framework. This will enable you to use supervision with all [models](https://docs.ultralytics.com/models/) that Ultralytics supports.
 
 !!! failure "Deprecated"
 
-    [sv.Detections.from_yolov8](/0.14.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_yolov8) and [sv.Classifications.from_yolov8](/0.14.0/classification/core/#supervision.classification.core.Classifications.from_yolov8) are now deprecated and will be removed with `supervision-0.16.0` release.
+    [sv.Detections.from_yolov8](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.14.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_yolov8) and [sv.Classifications.from_yolov8](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.14.0/classification/core/#supervision.classification.core.Classifications.from_yolov8) are now deprecated and will be removed with `supervision-0.16.0` release.
 
 - Added [#341](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/341): First supervision usage example script showing how to detect and track objects on video using YOLOv8 + Supervision.
 
-- Changed [#296](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/296): [`sv.ClassificationDataset`](/0.14.0/dataset/core/#supervision.dataset.core.ClassificationDataset) and [`sv.DetectionDataset`](/0.14.0/dataset/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset) now use image path (not image name) as dataset keys.
+- Changed [#296](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/296): [`sv.ClassificationDataset`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.14.0/dataset/core/#supervision.dataset.core.ClassificationDataset) and [`sv.DetectionDataset`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.14.0/dataset/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset) now use image path (not image name) as dataset keys.
 
-- Fixed [#300](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/300): [`Detections.from_roboflow`](/0.14.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_roboflow) to filter out polygons with less than 3 points.
+- Fixed [#300](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/300): [`Detections.from_roboflow`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.14.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_roboflow) to filter out polygons with less than 3 points.
 
 ### 0.13.0 <small>August 8, 2023</small>
 
-- Added [#236](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/236): support for mean average precision (mAP) for object detection models with [`sv.MeanAveragePrecision`](/0.13.0/metrics/detection/#meanaverageprecision).
+- Added [#236](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/236): support for mean average precision (mAP) for object detection models with [`sv.MeanAveragePrecision`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.13.0/metrics/detection/#meanaverageprecision).
 
 ```python
 >>> import supervision as sv
@@ -1308,17 +1435,17 @@ ColorPalette(colors=[Color(r=68, g=1, b=84), Color(r=59, g=82, b=139), ...])
 0.433
 ```
 
-- Added [#256](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/256): support for ByteTrack for object tracking with [`sv.ByteTrack`](/0.13.0/tracker/core/#bytetrack).
+- Added [#256](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/256): support for ByteTrack for object tracking with [`sv.ByteTrack`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.13.0/tracker/core/#bytetrack).
 
-- Added [#222](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/222): [`sv.Detections.from_ultralytics`](/0.13.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_ultralytics) to enable seamless integration with [Ultralytics](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics) framework. This will enable you to use `supervision` with all [models](https://docs.ultralytics.com/models/) that Ultralytics supports.
+- Added [#222](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/222): [`sv.Detections.from_ultralytics`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.13.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_ultralytics) to enable seamless integration with [Ultralytics](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics) framework. This will enable you to use `supervision` with all [models](https://docs.ultralytics.com/models/) that Ultralytics supports.
 
 !!! failure "Deprecated"
 
-    [`sv.Detections.from_yolov8`](/0.13.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_yolov8) is now deprecated and will be removed with `supervision-0.15.0` release.
+    [`sv.Detections.from_yolov8`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.13.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_yolov8) is now deprecated and will be removed with `supervision-0.15.0` release.
 
-- Added [#191](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/191): [`sv.Detections.from_paddledet`](/0.13.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_paddledet) to enable seamless integration with [PaddleDetection](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/PaddleDetection) framework.
+- Added [#191](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/191): [`sv.Detections.from_paddledet`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.13.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_paddledet) to enable seamless integration with [PaddleDetection](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/PaddleDetection) framework.
 
-- Added [#245](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/245): support for loading PASCAL VOC segmentation datasets with [`sv.DetectionDataset.`](/0.13.0/dataset/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.from_pascal_voc).
+- Added [#245](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/245): support for loading PASCAL VOC segmentation datasets with [`sv.DetectionDataset.`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.13.0/dataset/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.from_pascal_voc).
 
 ### 0.12.0 <small>July 24, 2023</small>
 
@@ -1326,7 +1453,7 @@ ColorPalette(colors=[Color(r=68, g=1, b=84), Color(r=59, g=82, b=139), ...])
 
     With the `supervision-0.12.0` release, we are terminating official support for Python 3.7.
 
-- Added [#177](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/177): initial support for object detection model benchmarking with [`sv.ConfusionMatrix`](/0.12.0/metrics/detection/#confusionmatrix).
+- Added [#177](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/177): initial support for object detection model benchmarking with [`sv.ConfusionMatrix`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.12.0/metrics/detection/#confusionmatrix).
 
 ```python
 >>> import supervision as sv
@@ -1353,23 +1480,23 @@ array([
 ])
 ```
 
-- Added [#173](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/173): [`Detections.from_mmdetection`](/0.12.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_mmdetection) to enable seamless integration with [MMDetection](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmdetection) framework.
+- Added [#173](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/173): [`Detections.from_mmdetection`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.12.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_mmdetection) to enable seamless integration with [MMDetection](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmdetection) framework.
 
 - Added [#130](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues/130): ability to [install](https://supervision.roboflow.com/) package in `headless` or `desktop` mode.
 
 - Changed [#180](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/180): packing method from `setup.py` to `pyproject.toml`.
 
-- Fixed [#188](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues/188): [`sv.DetectionDataset.from_cooc`](/0.12.0/dataset/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.from_coco) can't be loaded when there are images without annotations.
+- Fixed [#188](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues/188): [`sv.DetectionDataset.from_cooc`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.12.0/dataset/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.from_coco) can't be loaded when there are images without annotations.
 
-- Fixed [#226](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues/226): [`sv.DetectionDataset.from_yolo`](/0.12.0/dataset/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.from_yolo) can't load background instances.
+- Fixed [#226](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues/226): [`sv.DetectionDataset.from_yolo`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.12.0/dataset/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.from_yolo) can't load background instances.
 
 ### 0.11.1 <small>June 29, 2023</small>
 
-- Fixed [#165](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/165): [`as_folder_structure`](/0.11.1/dataset/core/#supervision.dataset.core.ClassificationDataset.as_folder_structure) fails to save [`sv.ClassificationDataset`](/0.11.1/dataset/core/#classificationdataset) when it is result of inference.
+- Fixed [#165](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/165): [`as_folder_structure`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.11.1/dataset/core/#supervision.dataset.core.ClassificationDataset.as_folder_structure) fails to save [`sv.ClassificationDataset`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.11.1/dataset/core/#classificationdataset) when it is result of inference.
 
 ### 0.11.0 <small>June 28, 2023</small>
 
-- Added [#150](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/150): ability to load and save [`sv.DetectionDataset`](/0.11.0/dataset/core/#detectiondataset) in COCO format using [`as_coco`](/0.11.0/dataset/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.as_coco) and [`from_coco`](/0.11.0/dataset/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.from_coco) methods.
+- Added [#150](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/150): ability to load and save [`sv.DetectionDataset`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.11.0/dataset/core/#detectiondataset) in COCO format using [`as_coco`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.11.0/dataset/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.as_coco) and [`from_coco`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.11.0/dataset/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.from_coco) methods.
 
 ```python
 >>> import supervision as sv
@@ -1385,7 +1512,7 @@ array([
 ... )
 ```
 
-- Added [#158](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/158): ability to merge multiple [`sv.DetectionDataset`](/0.11.0/dataset/core/#detectiondataset) together using [`merge`](/0.11.0/dataset/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.merge) method.
+- Added [#158](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/158): ability to merge multiple [`sv.DetectionDataset`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.11.0/dataset/core/#detectiondataset) together using [`merge`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.11.0/dataset/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.merge) method.
 
 ```python
 >>> import supervision as sv
@@ -1409,13 +1536,13 @@ array([
 ['cat', 'dog', 'person']
 ```
 
-- Added [#162](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/162): additional `start` and `end` arguments to [`sv.get_video_frames_generator`](/0.11.0/utils/video/#get_video_frames_generator) allowing to generate frames only for a selected part of the video.
+- Added [#162](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/162): additional `start` and `end` arguments to [`sv.get_video_frames_generator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.11.0/utils/video/#get_video_frames_generator) allowing to generate frames only for a selected part of the video.
 
 - Fixed [#157](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/157): incorrect loading of YOLO dataset class names from `data.yaml`.
 
 ### 0.10.0 <small>June 14, 2023</small>
 
-- Added [#125](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/125): ability to load and save [`sv.ClassificationDataset`](/0.10.0/dataset/core/#classificationdataset) in a folder structure format.
+- Added [#125](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/125): ability to load and save [`sv.ClassificationDataset`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.10.0/dataset/core/#classificationdataset) in a folder structure format.
 
 ```python
 >>> import supervision as sv
@@ -1429,9 +1556,9 @@ array([
 ... )
 ```
 
-- Added [#125](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/125): support for [`sv.ClassificationDataset.split`](/0.10.0/dataset/core/#supervision.dataset.core.ClassificationDataset.split) allowing to divide `sv.ClassificationDataset` into two parts.
+- Added [#125](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/125): support for [`sv.ClassificationDataset.split`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.10.0/dataset/core/#supervision.dataset.core.ClassificationDataset.split) allowing to divide `sv.ClassificationDataset` into two parts.
 
-- Added [#110](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/110): ability to extract masks from Roboflow API results using [`sv.Detections.from_roboflow`](/0.10.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_roboflow).
+- Added [#110](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/110): ability to extract masks from Roboflow API results using [`sv.Detections.from_roboflow`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.10.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_roboflow).
 
 - Added [commit hash](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/commit/d000292eb2f2342544e0947b65528082e60fb8d6): Supervision Quickstart [notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/roboflow/supervision/blob/main/demo.ipynb) where you can learn more about Detection, Dataset and Video APIs.
 
@@ -1439,7 +1566,7 @@ array([
 
 ### 0.9.0 <small>June 7, 2023</small>
 
-- Added [#118](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/118): ability to select [`sv.Detections`](/0.9.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.__getitem__) by index, list of indexes or slice. Here is an example illustrating the new selection methods.
+- Added [#118](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/118): ability to select [`sv.Detections`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.9.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.__getitem__) by index, list of indexes or slice. Here is an example illustrating the new selection methods.
 
 ```python
 >>> import supervision as sv
@@ -1453,11 +1580,11 @@ array([
 2
 ```
 
-- Added [#101](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/101): ability to extract masks from YOLOv8 result using [`sv.Detections.from_yolov8`](/0.8.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_yolov8). Here is an example illustrating how to extract boolean masks from the result of the YOLOv8 model inference.
+- Added [#101](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/101): ability to extract masks from YOLOv8 result using [`sv.Detections.from_yolov8`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.8.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_yolov8). Here is an example illustrating how to extract boolean masks from the result of the YOLOv8 model inference.
 
-- Added [#122](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/122): ability to crop image using [`sv.crop`](/0.9.0/utils/image/#crop). Here is an example showing how to get a separate crop for each detection in `sv.Detections`.
+- Added [#122](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/122): ability to crop image using [`sv.crop`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.9.0/utils/image/#crop). Here is an example showing how to get a separate crop for each detection in `sv.Detections`.
 
-- Added [#120](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/120): ability to conveniently save multiple images into directory using [`sv.ImageSink`](/0.9.0/utils/image/#imagesink). Here is an example showing how to save every tenth video frame as a separate image.
+- Added [#120](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/120): ability to conveniently save multiple images into directory using [`sv.ImageSink`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.9.0/utils/image/#imagesink). Here is an example showing how to save every tenth video frame as a separate image.
 
 ```python
 >>> import supervision as sv
@@ -1467,12 +1594,12 @@ array([
 ...         sink.save_image(image=image)
 ```
 
-- Fixed [#106](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues/106): inconvenient handling of [`sv.PolygonZone`](/0.8.0/detection/tools/polygon_zone/#polygonzone) coordinates. Now `sv.PolygonZone` accepts coordinates in the form of `[[x1, y1], [x2, y2], ...]` that can be both integers and floats.
+- Fixed [#106](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues/106): inconvenient handling of [`sv.PolygonZone`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.8.0/detection/tools/polygon_zone/#polygonzone) coordinates. Now `sv.PolygonZone` accepts coordinates in the form of `[[x1, y1], [x2, y2], ...]` that can be both integers and floats.
 
 ### 0.8.0 <small>May 17, 2023</small>
 
-- Added [#100](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/100): support for dataset inheritance. The current `Dataset` got renamed to `DetectionDataset`. Now [`DetectionDataset`](/0.8.0/dataset/core/#detectiondataset) inherits from `BaseDataset`. This change was made to enforce the future consistency of APIs of different types of computer vision datasets.
-- Added [#100](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/100): ability to save datasets in YOLO format using [`DetectionDataset.as_yolo`](/0.8.0/dataset/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.as_yolo).
+- Added [#100](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/100): support for dataset inheritance. The current `Dataset` got renamed to `DetectionDataset`. Now [`DetectionDataset`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.8.0/dataset/core/#detectiondataset) inherits from `BaseDataset`. This change was made to enforce the future consistency of APIs of different types of computer vision datasets.
+- Added [#100](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/100): ability to save datasets in YOLO format using [`DetectionDataset.as_yolo`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.8.0/dataset/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.as_yolo).
 
 ```python
 >>> import roboflow
@@ -1496,7 +1623,7 @@ array([
 ['dog', 'person']
 ```
 
-- Added [#102](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/103): support for [`DetectionDataset.split`](/0.8.0/dataset/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.split) allowing to divide `DetectionDataset` into two parts.
+- Added [#103](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pull/103): support for [`DetectionDataset.split`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.8.0/dataset/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.split) allowing to divide `DetectionDataset` into two parts.
 
 ```python
 >>> import supervision as sv

docs/code_of_conduct.md

@@ -1,5 +1 @@
-# Code of conduct
-
-```
---8<-- "CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md"
-```
+--8<-- ".github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md"

docs/contact.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+comments: true
+description: Contact and support channels for Supervision documentation, bugs, feature requests, security reports, and community help.
+---
+
+# Contact
+
+Use the channel that matches the kind of request you have.
+
+## Bugs and Feature Requests
+
+Open a GitHub issue for reproducible bugs, API requests, documentation fixes, and feature proposals:
+
+[github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues)
+
+## Community Support
+
+Join the Roboflow Discord for community questions, examples, and implementation discussion:
+
+[discord.gg/GbfgXGJ8Bk](https://discord.gg/GbfgXGJ8Bk)
+
+## Package and Source
+
+- PyPI package: [pypi.org/project/supervision](https://pypi.org/project/supervision/)
+- GitHub repository: [github.com/roboflow/supervision](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision)
+
+## Security Reports
+
+For security-sensitive reports, avoid posting public exploit details in an issue. Use GitHub's private vulnerability reporting flow for the repository when available, or contact Roboflow through the security and support channels listed on [roboflow.com](https://roboflow.com/).

docs/contributing.md

@@ -1 +1 @@
---8<-- "CONTRIBUTING.md"
+--8<-- ".github/CONTRIBUTING.md"

docs/cookbooks.md

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 ---
 template: cookbooks.html
 comments: true
+description: Collection of practical computer vision cookbooks — object tracking, zero-shot detection, SAHI small object detection, occupancy analytics, and more.
 hide:
   - navigation
   - toc

docs/datasets/core.md

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 ---
 comments: true
+description: API reference for supervision's DetectionDataset and ClassificationDataset — load, merge, split, and convert datasets in YOLO, COCO, and VOC formats.
 ---
 
 # Datasets
 
 !!! warning
-    Dataset API is still fluid and may change. If you use Dataset API in your project until further notice, freeze the
-    `supervision` version in your `requirements.txt` or `setup.py`.
+
+    Dataset API is still fluid and may change. If you use Dataset API in your project until further notice, freeze the `supervision` version in your `requirements.txt` or `setup.py`.
 
 <div class="md-typeset">
   <h2>DetectionDataset</h2>

docs/datasets/utils.md

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
----
-comments: true
----
-
-# Datasets Utils
-
-<div class="md-typeset">
-  <h2><a href="#supervision.dataset.utils.rle_to_mask">rle_to_mask</a></h2>
-</div>
-
-:::supervision.dataset.utils.rle_to_mask
-
-<div class="md-typeset">
-  <h2><a href="#supervision.dataset.utils.mask_to_rle">mask_to_rle</a></h2>
-</div>
-
-:::supervision.dataset.utils.mask_to_rle

docs/deprecated.md

@@ -5,22 +5,31 @@ status: deprecated
 
 # Deprecated
 
-These features are phased out due to better alternatives or potential issues in future versions. Deprecated functionalities are supported for **five subsequent releases**, providing time for users to transition to updated methods.
+These features are phased out due to better alternatives or potential issues in future versions. Deprecated functionalities are typically supported for multiple subsequent releases, providing time for users to transition to updated methods.
 
-
-- `overlap_filter_strategy` in [`InferenceSlicer.__init__`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/) is deprecated and will be removed in `supervision-0.27.0`. Use `overlap_strategy` instead.
-- `overlap_ratio_wh` in [`InferenceSlicer.__init__`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/) is deprecated and will be removed in `supervision-0.27.0`. Use `overlap_wh` instead.
+- [`sv.ByteTrack`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/trackers/#supervision.tracker.byte_tracker.core.ByteTrack) is deprecated in favour of `ByteTrackTracker` from the external [`trackers`](https://pypi.org/project/trackers/) package (`pip install trackers`). The update method is renamed from `update_with_detections()` to `update()`. Removal planned for `supervision-0.30.0`.
+- `supervision.keypoint` module is deprecated; use `supervision.key_points` instead. Will be removed in `supervision-0.30.0`.
+- `create_tiles` in `supervision.utils.image` is deprecated. Will be removed in `supervision-0.31.0`.
+- `ensure_cv2_image_for_processing` in `supervision.utils.conversion` is deprecated. Will be removed in `supervision-0.31.0`.
+- Keypoint validation utilities in `supervision.validators` are deprecated. Will be removed in `supervision-0.31.0`.
+- `normalized_xyxy` argument in [`sv.denormalize_boxes`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/boxes/#supervision.detection.utils.boxes.denormalize_boxes) is renamed to `xyxy`. Passing `normalized_xyxy=` emits a `FutureWarning`; support will be removed in `supervision-0.30.0`.
+- `supervision.dataset.utils` import path for [`sv.rle_to_mask`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/converters/#supervision.detection.utils.converters.rle_to_mask) and [`sv.mask_to_rle`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/converters/#supervision.detection.utils.converters.mask_to_rle) is deprecated. These functions moved to `supervision.detection.utils.converters`. Will be removed in `supervision-0.30.0`.
 - `sv.LMM` enum is deprecated and will be removed in `supervision-0.31.0`. Use `sv.VLM` instead.
-- [`sv.Detections.from_lmm`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.26.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_lmm) property is deprecated and will be removed in `supervision-0.31.0`. Use [`sv.Detections.from_vlm`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.26.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_vlm) instead.
+- [`sv.Detections.from_lmm`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_lmm) property is deprecated and will be removed in `supervision-0.31.0`. Use [`sv.Detections.from_vlm`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_vlm) instead.
+- Public `validate_*` helper functions are deprecated and will be removed in `supervision-0.31.0`. Supervision internals now use private `_validate_*` helpers.
 
 # Removed
 
+### 0.27.0
+
+- `overlap_ratio_wh` parameter in [`sv.InferenceSlicer`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/) has been removed. Use the pixel-based `overlap_wh` parameter instead.
+- `overlap_filter_strategy` parameter in [`sv.InferenceSlicer`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/) has been removed. Use `overlap_strategy` instead.
+
 ### 0.26.0
 
 - The `sv.DetectionDataset.images` property has been removed in `supervision-0.26.0`. Please loop over images with `for path, image, annotation in dataset:`, as that does not require loading all images into memory. Also, constructing `sv.DetectionDataset` with parameter `images` as `Dict[str, np.ndarray]` is deprecated and has been removed in `supervision-0.26.0`. Please pass a list of paths `List[str]` instead.
 - The name `sv.BoundingBoxAnnotator` is deprecated and has been removed in `supervision-0.26.0`. It has been renamed to [`sv.BoxAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.22.0/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BoxAnnotator).
 
-
 ### 0.24.0
 
 - The `frame_resolution_wh ` parameter in [`sv.PolygonZone`](detection/tools/polygon_zone.md/#supervision.detection.tools.polygon_zone.PolygonZone) has been removed.
@@ -39,6 +48,6 @@ These features are phased out due to better alternatives or potential issues in
 - The method `sv.Color.red()` was removed as of `supervision-0.22.0`. Use the constant `sv.Color.RED` instead.
 - The method `sv.Color.green()` was removed as of `supervision-0.22.0`. Use the constant `sv.Color.GREEN` instead.
 - The method `sv.Color.blue()` was removed as of `supervision-0.22.0`. Use the constant `sv.Color.BLUE` instead.
-- The method `sv.ColorPalette.default()` was removed as of `supervision-0.22.0`. Use the constant [`ColorPalette.DEFAULT`](/utils/draw/#supervision.draw.color.ColorPalette.DEFAULT) instead.
+- The method `sv.ColorPalette.default()` was removed as of `supervision-0.22.0`. Use the constant [`ColorPalette.DEFAULT`](utils/draw.md/#supervision.draw.color.ColorPalette.DEFAULT) instead.
 - `sv.BoxAnnotator` was removed as of `supervision-0.22.0`, however `sv.BoundingBoxAnnotator` was immediately renamed to `sv.BoxAnnotator`. Use [`BoxAnnotator`](detection/annotators.md/#supervision.annotators.core.BoxAnnotator) and [`LabelAnnotator`](detection/annotators.md/#supervision.annotators.core.LabelAnnotator) instead of the old `sv.BoxAnnotator`.
 - The method `sv.FPSMonitor.__call__` was removed as of `supervision-0.22.0`. Use the attribute [`sv.FPSMonitor.fps`](utils/video.md/#supervision.utils.video.FPSMonitor.fps) instead.

docs/detection/annotators.md

@@ -1,355 +1,361 @@
 ---
 comments: true
+description: API reference for supervision's annotator classes — draw bounding boxes, masks, labels, tracks, and heatmaps on images with one method call.
 ---
 
 # Annotators
 
 Annotators accept detections and apply box or mask visualizations to the detections. Annotators have many available styles.
 
-=== "Box"
+=== "Outlines"
 
-    ```python
-    import supervision as sv
+    === "Box"
 
-    image = ...
-    detections = sv.Detections(...)
+        ```python
+        import supervision as sv
 
-    box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
-    annotated_frame = box_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image.copy(),
-        detections=detections
-    )
-    ```
+        image = ...
+        detections = sv.Detections(...)
 
-    <div class="result" markdown>
+        box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
+        annotated_frame = box_annotator.annotate(
+            scene=image.copy(),
+            detections=detections,
+        )
+        ```
 
-    ![bounding-box-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/bounding-box-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
+        <div class="result" markdown>
 
-    </div>
+        ![bounding-box-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/bounding-box-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
 
-=== "RoundBox"
+        </div>
 
-    ```python
-    import supervision as sv
+    === "RoundBox"
 
-    image = ...
-    detections = sv.Detections(...)
+        ```python
+        import supervision as sv
 
-    round_box_annotator = sv.RoundBoxAnnotator()
-    annotated_frame = round_box_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image.copy(),
-        detections=detections
-    )
-    ```
+        image = ...
+        detections = sv.Detections(...)
 
-    <div class="result" markdown>
+        round_box_annotator = sv.RoundBoxAnnotator()
+        annotated_frame = round_box_annotator.annotate(
+            scene=image.copy(),
+            detections=detections,
+        )
+        ```
 
-    ![round-box-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/round-box-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
+        <div class="result" markdown>
 
-    </div>
+        ![round-box-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/round-box-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
 
-=== "BoxCorner"
+        </div>
 
-    ```python
-    import supervision as sv
+    === "BoxCorner"
 
-    image = ...
-    detections = sv.Detections(...)
+        ```python
+        import supervision as sv
 
-    corner_annotator = sv.BoxCornerAnnotator()
-    annotated_frame = corner_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image.copy(),
-        detections=detections
-    )
-    ```
+        image = ...
+        detections = sv.Detections(...)
 
-    <div class="result" markdown>
+        corner_annotator = sv.BoxCornerAnnotator()
+        annotated_frame = corner_annotator.annotate(
+            scene=image.copy(),
+            detections=detections,
+        )
+        ```
 
-    ![box-corner-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/box-corner-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
+        <div class="result" markdown>
 
-    </div>
+        ![box-corner-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/box-corner-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
 
-=== "Color"
+        </div>
 
-    ```python
-    import supervision as sv
+    === "Circle"
 
-    image = ...
-    detections = sv.Detections(...)
+        ```python
+        import supervision as sv
 
-    color_annotator = sv.ColorAnnotator()
-    annotated_frame = color_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image.copy(),
-        detections=detections
-    )
-    ```
+        image = ...
+        detections = sv.Detections(...)
 
-    <div class="result" markdown>
+        circle_annotator = sv.CircleAnnotator()
+        annotated_frame = circle_annotator.annotate(
+            scene=image.copy(),
+            detections=detections,
+        )
+        ```
 
-    ![box-mask-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/box-mask-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
+        <div class="result" markdown>
 
-    </div>
+        ![circle-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/circle-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
 
-=== "Circle"
+        </div>
 
-    ```python
-    import supervision as sv
+    === "Ellipse"
 
-    image = ...
-    detections = sv.Detections(...)
+        ```python
+        import supervision as sv
 
-    circle_annotator = sv.CircleAnnotator()
-    annotated_frame = circle_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image.copy(),
-        detections=detections
-    )
-    ```
+        image = ...
+        detections = sv.Detections(...)
 
-    <div class="result" markdown>
+        ellipse_annotator = sv.EllipseAnnotator()
+        annotated_frame = ellipse_annotator.annotate(
+            scene=image.copy(),
+            detections=detections,
+        )
+        ```
 
-    ![circle-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/circle-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
+        <div class="result" markdown>
 
-    </div>
+        ![ellipse-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/ellipse-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
 
-=== "Dot"
+        </div>
 
-    ```python
-    import supervision as sv
+    === "Polygon"
 
-    image = ...
-    detections = sv.Detections(...)
+        ```python
+        import supervision as sv
 
-    dot_annotator = sv.DotAnnotator()
-    annotated_frame = dot_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image.copy(),
-        detections=detections
-    )
-    ```
+        image = ...
+        detections = sv.Detections(...)
 
-    <div class="result" markdown>
+        polygon_annotator = sv.PolygonAnnotator()
+        annotated_frame = polygon_annotator.annotate(
+            scene=image.copy(),
+            detections=detections,
+        )
+        ```
 
-    ![dot-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/dot-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
+        <div class="result" markdown>
 
-    </div>
+        ![polygon-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/polygon-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
 
-=== "Triangle"
+        </div>
 
-    ```python
-    import supervision as sv
+=== "Shading"
 
-    image = ...
-    detections = sv.Detections(...)
+    === "Color"
 
-    triangle_annotator = sv.TriangleAnnotator()
-    annotated_frame = triangle_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image.copy(),
-        detections=detections
-    )
-    ```
+        ```python
+        import supervision as sv
 
-    <div class="result" markdown>
+        image = ...
+        detections = sv.Detections(...)
 
-    ![triangle-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/triangle-annotator-example.png){ align=center width="800" }
+        color_annotator = sv.ColorAnnotator()
+        annotated_frame = color_annotator.annotate(
+            scene=image.copy(),
+            detections=detections,
+        )
+        ```
 
-    </div>
+        <div class="result" markdown>
 
-=== "Ellipse"
+        ![box-mask-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/box-mask-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
 
-    ```python
-    import supervision as sv
+        </div>
 
-    image = ...
-    detections = sv.Detections(...)
+    === "Halo"
 
-    ellipse_annotator = sv.EllipseAnnotator()
-    annotated_frame = ellipse_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image.copy(),
-        detections=detections
-    )
-    ```
+        ```python
+        import supervision as sv
 
-    <div class="result" markdown>
+        image = ...
+        detections = sv.Detections(...)
 
-    ![ellipse-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/ellipse-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
+        halo_annotator = sv.HaloAnnotator()
+        annotated_frame = halo_annotator.annotate(
+            scene=image.copy(),
+            detections=detections,
+        )
+        ```
 
-    </div>
+        <div class="result" markdown>
 
-=== "Halo"
+        ![halo-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/halo-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
 
-    ```python
-    import supervision as sv
+        </div>
 
-    image = ...
-    detections = sv.Detections(...)
+    === "Mask"
 
-    halo_annotator = sv.HaloAnnotator()
-    annotated_frame = halo_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image.copy(),
-        detections=detections
-    )
-    ```
+        ```python
+        import supervision as sv
 
-    <div class="result" markdown>
+        image = ...
+        detections = sv.Detections(...)
 
-    ![halo-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/halo-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
+        mask_annotator = sv.MaskAnnotator()
+        annotated_frame = mask_annotator.annotate(
+            scene=image.copy(),
+            detections=detections,
+        )
+        ```
 
-    </div>
+        !!! note
 
-=== "PercentageBar"
+            `MaskAnnotator` expects `detections.mask` to contain instance segmentation masks aligned to the image passed to `annotate`. For dense masks, provide a boolean array of shape `(N, H, W)` where `(H, W)` matches the image height and width (it also accepts `sv.CompactMask`). If your model returns framework-specific results, convert them to `sv.Detections` first, for example with `sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(...)` or `sv.Detections.from_inference(...)`.
 
-    ```python
-    import supervision as sv
+        <div class="result" markdown>
 
-    image = ...
-    detections = sv.Detections(...)
+        ![mask-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/mask-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
 
-    percentage_bar_annotator = sv.PercentageBarAnnotator()
-    annotated_frame = percentage_bar_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image.copy(),
-        detections=detections
-    )
-    ```
+        </div>
 
-    <div class="result" markdown>
+=== "Markers"
 
-    ![percentage-bar-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/percentage-bar-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
+    === "Dot"
 
-    </div>
+        ```python
+        import supervision as sv
 
-=== "Mask"
+        image = ...
+        detections = sv.Detections(...)
 
-    ```python
-    import supervision as sv
+        dot_annotator = sv.DotAnnotator()
+        annotated_frame = dot_annotator.annotate(
+            scene=image.copy(),
+            detections=detections,
+        )
+        ```
 
-    image = ...
-    detections = sv.Detections(...)
+        <div class="result" markdown>
 
-    mask_annotator = sv.MaskAnnotator()
-    annotated_frame = mask_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image.copy(),
-        detections=detections
-    )
-    ```
+        ![dot-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/dot-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
 
-    <div class="result" markdown>
+        </div>
 
-    ![mask-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/
-    mask-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
+    === "Triangle"
 
-    </div>
+        ```python
+        import supervision as sv
 
-=== "Polygon"
+        image = ...
+        detections = sv.Detections(...)
 
-    ```python
-    import supervision as sv
+        triangle_annotator = sv.TriangleAnnotator()
+        annotated_frame = triangle_annotator.annotate(
+            scene=image.copy(),
+            detections=detections,
+        )
+        ```
 
-    image = ...
-    detections = sv.Detections(...)
+        <div class="result" markdown>
 
-    polygon_annotator = sv.PolygonAnnotator()
-    annotated_frame = polygon_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image.copy(),
-        detections=detections
-    )
-    ```
+        ![triangle-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/triangle-annotator-example.png){ align=center width="800" }
 
-    <div class="result" markdown>
+        </div>
 
-    ![polygon-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/
-    polygon-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
+=== "Labels"
 
-    </div>
+    === "Label"
 
-=== "Label"
+        ```python
+        import supervision as sv
 
-    ```python
-    import supervision as sv
+        image = ...
+        detections = sv.Detections(...)
 
-    image = ...
-    detections = sv.Detections(...)
+        labels = [
+            f"{class_name} {confidence:.2f}"
+            for class_name, confidence in zip(
+                detections["class_name"],
+                detections.confidence,
+            )
+        ]
 
-    labels = [
-        f"{class_name} {confidence:.2f}"
-        for class_name, confidence
-        in zip(detections['class_name'], detections.confidence)
-    ]
+        label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator(text_position=sv.Position.CENTER)
+        annotated_frame = label_annotator.annotate(
+            scene=image.copy(), detections=detections, labels=labels
+        )
+        ```
 
-    label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator(text_position=sv.Position.CENTER)
-    annotated_frame = label_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image.copy(),
-        detections=detections,
-        labels=labels
-    )
-    ```
+        <div class="result" markdown>
 
-    <div class="result" markdown>
+        ![label-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/label-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
 
-    ![label-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/
-    label-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
+        </div>
 
-    </div>
+    === "RichLabel"
 
-=== "RichLabel"
+        ```python
+        import supervision as sv
 
-    ```python
-    import supervision as sv
+        image = ...
+        detections = sv.Detections(...)
 
-    image = ...
-    detections = sv.Detections(...)
+        labels = [
+            f"{class_name} {confidence:.2f}"
+            for class_name, confidence in zip(
+                detections["class_name"],
+                detections.confidence,
+            )
+        ]
 
-    labels = [
-        f"{class_name} {confidence:.2f}"
-        for class_name, confidence
-        in zip(detections['class_name'], detections.confidence)
-    ]
+        rich_label_annotator = sv.RichLabelAnnotator(
+            font_path="TTF_FONT_PATH",
+            text_position=sv.Position.CENTER,
+        )
+        annotated_frame = rich_label_annotator.annotate(
+            scene=image.copy(),
+            detections=detections,
+            labels=labels,
+        )
+        ```
 
-    rich_label_annotator = sv.RichLabelAnnotator(
-        font_path="<TTF_FONT_PATH>",
-        text_position=sv.Position.CENTER
-    )
-    annotated_frame = rich_label_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image.copy(),
-        detections=detections,
-        labels=labels
-    )
-    ```
+        <div class="result" markdown>
 
-    <div class="result" markdown>
+        ![label-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/label-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
 
-    ![label-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/
-    label-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
+        </div>
 
-    </div>
+=== "Transformative"
 
-=== "Icon"
+    === "Blur"
 
-    ```python
-    import supervision as sv
+        ```python
+        import supervision as sv
 
-    image = ...
-    detections = sv.Detections(...)
+        image = ...
+        detections = sv.Detections(...)
 
-    icon_paths = [
-        "<ICON_PATH>"
-        for _ in detections
-    ]
+        blur_annotator = sv.BlurAnnotator()
+        annotated_frame = blur_annotator.annotate(
+            scene=image.copy(),
+            detections=detections,
+        )
+        ```
 
-    icon_annotator = sv.IconAnnotator()
-    annotated_frame = icon_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image.copy(),
-        detections=detections,
-        icon_path=icon_paths
-    )
-    ```
+        <div class="result" markdown>
 
-    <div class="result" markdown>
+        ![blur-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/blur-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
 
-    ![icon-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/
-    icon-annotator-example.png){ align=center width="800" }
+        </div>
 
-    </div>
+    === "Pixelate"
 
-    <!-- === "Crop"
+        ```python
+        import supervision as sv
+
+        image = ...
+        detections = sv.Detections(...)
+
+        pixelate_annotator = sv.PixelateAnnotator()
+        annotated_frame = pixelate_annotator.annotate(
+            scene=image.copy(),
+            detections=detections,
+        )
+        ```
+
+        <div class="result" markdown>
+
+        ![pixelate-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/pixelate-annotator-example-10.png){ align=center width="800" }
+
+        </div>
+
+        <!-- === "Crop"
 
         ```python
         import supervision as sv
@@ -360,167 +366,172 @@ Annotators accept detections and apply box or mask visualizations to the detecti
         crop_annotator = sv.CropAnnotator()
         annotated_frame = crop_annotator.annotate(
             scene=image.copy(),
-            detections=detections
+            detections=detections,
         )
         ```
+
         <div class="result" markdown>
 
-        ![crop-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/
-        crop-annotator-example.png){ align=center width="800" }
+        ![crop-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/crop-annotator-example.png){ align=center width="800" }
 
         </div>
-    -->
 
-=== "Blur"
+        -->
 
-    ```python
-    import supervision as sv
+=== "Tracking & Aggregation"
 
-    image = ...
-    detections = sv.Detections(...)
+    === "Trace"
 
-    blur_annotator = sv.BlurAnnotator()
-    annotated_frame = blur_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image.copy(),
-        detections=detections
-    )
-    ```
+        ```python
+        import supervision as sv
+        from ultralytics import YOLO
 
-    <div class="result" markdown>
+        model = YOLO("yolov8x.pt")
 
-    ![blur-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/
-    blur-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
+        trace_annotator = sv.TraceAnnotator()
 
-    </div>
+        video_info = sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(video_path="...")
+        frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(source_path="...")
+        tracker = sv.ByteTrack()
 
-=== "Pixelate"
+        with sv.VideoSink(target_path="...", video_info=video_info) as sink:
+            for frame in frames_generator:
+                result = model(frame)[0]
+                detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(result)
+                detections = tracker.update_with_detections(detections)
+                annotated_frame = trace_annotator.annotate(
+                    scene=frame.copy(),
+                    detections=detections,
+                )
+                sink.write_frame(frame=annotated_frame)
+        ```
 
-    ```python
-    import supervision as sv
+        <div class="result" markdown>
 
-    image = ...
-    detections = sv.Detections(...)
+        ![trace-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/trace-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
 
-    pixelate_annotator = sv.PixelateAnnotator()
-    annotated_frame = pixelate_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image.copy(),
-        detections=detections
-    )
-    ```
+        </div>
 
-    <div class="result" markdown>
+    === "HeatMap"
 
-    ![pixelate-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/
-    pixelate-annotator-example-10.png){ align=center width="800" }
+        ```python
+        import supervision as sv
+        from ultralytics import YOLO
 
-    </div>
+        model = YOLO("yolov8x.pt")
 
-=== "Trace"
+        heat_map_annotator = sv.HeatMapAnnotator()
 
-    ```python
-    import supervision as sv
-    from ultralytics import YOLO
+        video_info = sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(video_path="...")
+        frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(source_path="...")
 
-    model = YOLO('yolov8x.pt')
+        with sv.VideoSink(target_path="...", video_info=video_info) as sink:
+            for frame in frames_generator:
+                result = model(frame)[0]
+                detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(result)
+                annotated_frame = heat_map_annotator.annotate(
+                    scene=frame.copy(),
+                    detections=detections,
+                )
+                sink.write_frame(frame=annotated_frame)
+        ```
 
-    trace_annotator = sv.TraceAnnotator()
+        <div class="result" markdown>
 
-    video_info = sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(video_path='...')
-    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(source_path='...')
-    tracker = sv.ByteTrack()
+        ![heat-map-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/heat-map-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
 
-    with sv.VideoSink(target_path='...', video_info=video_info) as sink:
-        for frame in frames_generator:
-            result = model(frame)[0]
-            detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(result)
-            detections = tracker.update_with_detections(detections)
-            annotated_frame = trace_annotator.annotate(
-                scene=frame.copy(),
-                detections=detections)
-            sink.write_frame(frame=annotated_frame)
-    ```
+        </div>
 
-    <div class="result" markdown>
+=== "Others"
 
-    ![trace-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/
-    trace-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
+    === "PercentageBar"
 
-    </div>
+        ```python
+        import supervision as sv
 
-=== "HeatMap"
+        image = ...
+        detections = sv.Detections(...)
 
-    ```python
-    import supervision as sv
-    from ultralytics import YOLO
+        percentage_bar_annotator = sv.PercentageBarAnnotator()
+        annotated_frame = percentage_bar_annotator.annotate(
+            scene=image.copy(),
+            detections=detections,
+        )
+        ```
 
-    model = YOLO('yolov8x.pt')
+        <div class="result" markdown>
 
-    heat_map_annotator = sv.HeatMapAnnotator()
+        ![percentage-bar-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/percentage-bar-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
 
-    video_info = sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(video_path='...')
-    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(source_path='...')
+        </div>
 
-    with sv.VideoSink(target_path='...', video_info=video_info) as sink:
-        for frame in frames_generator:
-            result = model(frame)[0]
-            detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(result)
-            annotated_frame = heat_map_annotator.annotate(
-                scene=frame.copy(),
-                detections=detections)
-            sink.write_frame(frame=annotated_frame)
-    ```
+    === "Icon"
 
-    <div class="result" markdown>
+        ```python
+        import supervision as sv
 
-    ![heat-map-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/
-    heat-map-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
+        image = ...
+        detections = sv.Detections(...)
 
-    </div>
+        icon_paths = ["<ICON_PATH>" for _ in detections]
 
-=== "Background Color"
+        icon_annotator = sv.IconAnnotator()
+        annotated_frame = icon_annotator.annotate(
+            scene=image.copy(),
+            detections=detections,
+            icon_path=icon_paths,
+        )
+        ```
 
-    ```python
-    import supervision as sv
+        <div class="result" markdown>
 
-    image = ...
-    detections = sv.Detections(...)
+        ![icon-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/icon-annotator-example.png){ align=center width="800" }
 
-    background_overlay_annotator = sv.BackgroundOverlayAnnotator()
-    annotated_frame = background_overlay_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image.copy(),
-        detections=detections
-    )
-    ```
+        </div>
 
-    <div class="result" markdown>
+    === "Background Color"
 
-    ![background-overlay-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/background-color-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
+        ```python
+        import supervision as sv
 
-    </div>
+        image = ...
+        detections = sv.Detections(...)
 
-=== "Comparison"
+        background_overlay_annotator = sv.BackgroundOverlayAnnotator()
+        annotated_frame = background_overlay_annotator.annotate(
+            scene=image.copy(),
+            detections=detections,
+        )
+        ```
 
-    ```python
-    import supervision as sv
+        <div class="result" markdown>
 
-    image = ...
-    detections_1 = sv.Detections(...)
-    detections_2 = sv.Detections(...)
+        ![background-overlay-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/background-color-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
 
-    comparison_annotator = sv.ComparisonAnnotator()
-    annotated_frame = comparison_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image.copy(),
-        detections_1=detections_1,
-        detections_2=detections_2
-    )
-    ```
+        </div>
 
-    <div class="result" markdown>
+    === "Comparison"
 
-    ![comparison-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/
-    comparison-annotator-example.png){ align=center width="800" }
+        ```python
+        import supervision as sv
 
-    </div>
+        image = ...
+        detections_1 = sv.Detections(...)
+        detections_2 = sv.Detections(...)
+
+        comparison_annotator = sv.ComparisonAnnotator()
+        annotated_frame = comparison_annotator.annotate(
+            scene=image.copy(),
+            detections_1=detections_1,
+            detections_2=detections_2,
+        )
+        ```
+
+        <div class="result" markdown>
+
+        ![comparison-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/comparison-annotator-example.png){ align=center width="800" }
+
+        </div>
 
 <div class="md-typeset">
     <h2>Try Supervision Annotators on your own image</h2>

docs/detection/compact_mask.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+---
+comments: true
+---
+
+# CompactMask
+
+:::supervision.detection.compact_mask.CompactMask

docs/detection/core.md

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 ---
 comments: true
+description: API reference for supervision's Detections class — the core data structure for bounding boxes, masks, confidence scores, and tracker IDs.
 ---
 
 # Detections

docs/detection/metrics.md

@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@ comments: true
 
 # Legacy Metrics
 
-Starting with `0.23.0`, a new metrics module is being introduced to supervision.
-Metrics here are part of the legacy evaluation API and will be deprecated in the future.
+Starting with `0.23.0`, a new metrics module is being introduced to supervision. Metrics here are part of the legacy evaluation API and will be deprecated in the future.
 
 <div class="md-typeset">
     <h2><a href="#supervision.metrics.detection.ConfusionMatrix">ConfusionMatrix</a></h2>

docs/detection/utils/boxes.md

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ comments: true
 :::supervision.detection.utils.boxes.scale_boxes
 
 <div class="md-typeset">
-  <h2><a href="#supervision.detection.boxes.utils.clip_boxes">clip_boxes</a></h2>
+  <h2><a href="#supervision.detection.utils.boxes.clip_boxes">clip_boxes</a></h2>
 </div>
 
 :::supervision.detection.utils.boxes.clip_boxes
@@ -33,3 +33,9 @@ comments: true
 </div>
 
 :::supervision.detection.utils.boxes.denormalize_boxes
+
+<div class="md-typeset">
+  <h2><a href="#supervision.detection.utils.boxes.xyxyxyxy_to_xyxy">xyxyxyxy_to_xyxy</a></h2>
+</div>
+
+:::supervision.detection.utils.boxes.xyxyxyxy_to_xyxy

docs/detection/utils/converters.md

@@ -64,3 +64,15 @@ status: new
 </div>
 
 :::supervision.detection.utils.converters.xyxy_to_mask
+
+<div class="md-typeset">
+  <h2><a href="#supervision.detection.utils.converters.rle_to_mask">rle_to_mask</a></h2>
+</div>
+
+:::supervision.detection.utils.converters.rle_to_mask
+
+<div class="md-typeset">
+  <h2><a href="#supervision.detection.utils.converters.mask_to_rle">mask_to_rle</a></h2>
+</div>
+
+:::supervision.detection.utils.converters.mask_to_rle

docs/detection/utils/iou_and_nms.md

@@ -69,3 +69,15 @@ comments: true
 </div>
 
 :::supervision.detection.utils.iou_and_nms.mask_non_max_merge
+
+<div class="md-typeset">
+  <h2><a href="#supervision.detection.utils.iou_and_nms.oriented_box_non_max_suppression">oriented_box_non_max_suppression</a></h2>
+</div>
+
+:::supervision.detection.utils.iou_and_nms.oriented_box_non_max_suppression
+
+<div class="md-typeset">
+  <h2><a href="#supervision.detection.utils.iou_and_nms.oriented_box_non_max_merge">oriented_box_non_max_merge</a></h2>
+</div>
+
+:::supervision.detection.utils.iou_and_nms.oriented_box_non_max_merge

docs/faq.md

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+---
+comments: true
+description: Frequently asked questions about installing Supervision, supported computer vision models, datasets, tracking, metrics, and licensing.
+---
+
+# Frequently Asked Questions
+
+## What is Supervision?
+
+Supervision is an open-source Python library by Roboflow for computer vision workflows. It provides a unified `Detections` class with converters for supported object detection, segmentation, and VLM outputs.
+
+## How do I install Supervision?
+
+Install the base package with:
+
+```bash
+pip install supervision
+```
+
+Use the `metrics` extra when you need optional metric dependencies:
+
+```bash
+pip install "supervision[metrics]"
+```
+
+Sample asset utilities are part of the base package under `supervision.assets`.
+
+## Which object detection models work with Supervision?
+
+Supervision is model agnostic. `sv.Detections` includes converters for Ultralytics YOLO, Roboflow Inference, Hugging Face Transformers outputs, SAM, Detectron2, MMDetection, YOLO-NAS, PaddleDet, NCNN, Azure AI Vision, and VLM parsers including Florence-2, PaliGemma, Qwen VL, Gemini, DeepSeek VL 2, and Moondream. Keypoint outputs have separate `sv.KeyPoints` converters, including MediaPipe.
+
+## What can I do with Supervision?
+
+You can annotate images and video, filter detections, track objects, count objects in zones or across lines, load and convert datasets, evaluate models with detection metrics, and export predictions for downstream analysis.
+
+## How do I track objects across video frames?
+
+Assign persistent tracker IDs before visualization. The built-in `sv.ByteTrack` wrapper accepts `Detections` through `update_with_detections()`. After tracking, combine the output with annotators such as `sv.TraceAnnotator`, `sv.BoxAnnotator`, and `sv.LabelAnnotator`.
+
+## What dataset formats does Supervision support?
+
+For detection datasets, Supervision supports YOLO, COCO JSON, and Pascal VOC. Use `DetectionDataset.from_yolo()`, `DetectionDataset.from_coco()`, or `DetectionDataset.from_pascal_voc()` to load datasets, and the matching `as_*` methods to export them.
+
+## How do I count objects in a zone?
+
+Use `sv.PolygonZone` for arbitrary polygon regions and `sv.LineZone` for line-crossing counts. Line crossing requires `detections.tracker_id`, so run a tracker before calling the line zone trigger.
+
+## How do I benchmark a model?
+
+Use `supervision.metrics.mean_average_precision.MeanAveragePrecision` for mAP and `sv.ConfusionMatrix` for confusion matrices. Accumulate predictions and ground-truth `Detections`, then call `compute()` to calculate metrics.
+
+## Is Supervision free to use?
+
+Yes. Supervision is free and open source under the MIT license.
+
+## Where is the source code?
+
+The source code is available at [github.com/roboflow/supervision](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision).

docs/how_to/benchmark_a_model.md

@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 ---
 comments: true
+description: Benchmark object detection models with supervision — compute mAP, confusion matrix, and per-class metrics to compare model performance.
+authors:
+  - name: Piotr Skalski
+    role: Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
+    github: https://github.com/SkalskiP
+date_modified: 2026-04-22
 ---
 
 ![Corgi Example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision/image-examples/how-to/benchmark-models/corgi-sorted-2.png)
@@ -51,7 +57,7 @@ from roboflow import Roboflow
 
 rf = Roboflow(api_key="<YOUR_API_KEY>")
 project = rf.workspace("<WORKSPACE_NAME>").project("<PROJECT_NAME>")
-dataset = project.version(<DATASET_VERSION_NUMBER>).download("<FORMAT>")
+dataset = project.version("<DATASET_VERSION_NUMBER>").download("<FORMAT>")
 ```
 
 If your dataset is from Universe, go to `Dataset` > `Download Dataset` > select the format (e.g. `YOLOv11`) > `Show download code`.
@@ -74,6 +80,8 @@ This will create a folder called `Corgi-v2-4` with the dataset in the current wo
 
 Let's load a model.
 
+Select and instantiate the detection or segmentation model you want to benchmark. Supervision works with Roboflow Inference for both local and cloud-deployed models, as well as Ultralytics YOLO checkpoints. Choose the tab below that matches your preferred framework, then pass images to the loaded model during the evaluation loop.
+
 === "Inference, Local"
 
     Roboflow supports a range of state-of-the-art [pre-trained models](https://inference.roboflow.com/quickstart/aliases/) for object detection, instance segmentation, and pose tracking. You don't even need an API key!
@@ -122,8 +130,7 @@ Evaluating your model requires careful selection of the dataset. Which images sh
 - **Validation Set**: This is the set of images used to validate the model during training. Every Nth training epoch, the model is evaluated on the validation set. Often the training is stopped once the validation loss stops improving. Therefore, even while the images aren't used to train the model, it still indirectly influences the training outcome.
 - **Test Set**: This is the set of images kept aside for model testing. It is exactly the set you should use for benchmarking. If the dataset was split correctly, none of these images would be shown to the model during training.
 
-Therefore, an unrelated dataset or the `test` set is the best choice for benchmarking.
-Several other problems may arise:
+Therefore, an unrelated dataset or the `test` set is the best choice for benchmarking. Several other problems may arise:
 
 - **Extra Classes**: An unrelated dataset may contain additional classes which you may need to [filter out](https://supervision.roboflow.com/how_to/filter_detections/#by-set-of-classes) before computing metrics.
 - **Class Mismatch**: In an unrelated dataset, the class names or IDs may be different to what your model produces, you'll need to remap them, which is [shown in this guide](#running-a-model).
@@ -137,8 +144,7 @@ At this stage, you should have:
 - A dataset of labeled images to evaluate the model.
 - A model prepared for benchmarking.
 
-With these ready, we can now run the model and obtain predictions.
-We'll use `supervision` to create a dataset iterator, and then run the model on each image.
+With these ready, we can now run the model and obtain predictions. We'll use `supervision` to create a dataset iterator, and then run the model on each image.
 
 === "Inference"
 
@@ -148,7 +154,7 @@ We'll use `supervision` to create a dataset iterator, and then run the model on
     test_set = sv.DetectionDataset.from_yolo(
         images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/images",
         annotations_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/labels",
-        data_yaml_path=f"{dataset.location}/data.yaml"
+        data_yaml_path=f"{dataset.location}/data.yaml",
     )
 
     image_paths = []
@@ -172,7 +178,7 @@ We'll use `supervision` to create a dataset iterator, and then run the model on
     test_set = sv.DetectionDataset.from_yolo(
         images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/images",
         annotations_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/labels",
-        data_yaml_path=f"{dataset.location}/data.yaml"
+        data_yaml_path=f"{dataset.location}/data.yaml",
     )
 
     image_paths = []
@@ -190,8 +196,7 @@ We'll use `supervision` to create a dataset iterator, and then run the model on
 
 ## Remapping classes
 
-Did you notice an issue in the above logic?
-Since we're using an unrelated dataset, the class names and IDs may be different from what the model was trained on.
+Did you notice an issue in the above logic? Since we're using an unrelated dataset, the class names and IDs may be different from what the model was trained on.
 
 We need to remap them to match the dataset classes. Here's how to do it:
 
@@ -199,14 +204,16 @@ We need to remap them to match the dataset classes. Here's how to do it:
 def remap_classes(
     detections: sv.Detections,
     class_ids_from_to: dict[int, int],
-    class_names_from_to: dict[str, str]
+    class_names_from_to: dict[str, str],
 ) -> None:
     new_class_ids = [
-        class_ids_from_to.get(class_id, class_id) for class_id in detections.class_id]
+        class_ids_from_to.get(class_id, class_id) for class_id in detections.class_id
+    ]
     detections.class_id = np.array(new_class_ids)
 
     new_class_names = [
-        class_names_from_to.get(name, name) for name in detections["class_name"]]
+        class_names_from_to.get(name, name) for name in detections["class_name"]
+    ]
     predictions["class_name"] = np.array(new_class_names)
 ```
 
@@ -222,7 +229,7 @@ Let's also remove the predictions that are not in the dataset classes.
     test_set = sv.DetectionDataset.from_yolo(
         images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/images",
         annotations_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/labels",
-        data_yaml_path=f"{dataset.location}/data.yaml"
+        data_yaml_path=f"{dataset.location}/data.yaml",
     )
 
     image_paths = []
@@ -236,11 +243,9 @@ Let's also remove the predictions that are not in the dataset classes.
         remap_classes(
             detections=predictions,
             class_ids_from_to={16: 0},
-            class_names_from_to={"dog": "Corgi"}
+            class_names_from_to={"dog": "Corgi"},
         )
-        predictions = predictions[
-            np.isin(predictions["class_name"], test_set.classes)
-        ]
+        predictions = predictions[np.isin(predictions["class_name"], test_set.classes),]
 
         image_paths.append(image_path)
         predictions_list.append(predictions)
@@ -251,8 +256,7 @@ Let's also remove the predictions that are not in the dataset classes.
 
     Dataset class names and IDs can be found in the `data.yaml` file, or by printing `dataset.classes`.
 
-    Each model will have a different class mapping, so make sure to check the model's documentation. In this case, the model was trained on the COCO dataset, with a class
-    configuration found [here](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/datasets/coco8.yaml).
+    Each model will have a different class mapping, so make sure to check the model's documentation. In this case, the model was trained on the COCO dataset, with a class configuration found [here](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/datasets/coco8.yaml).
 
     ```python
     import supervision as sv
@@ -260,7 +264,7 @@ Let's also remove the predictions that are not in the dataset classes.
     test_set = sv.DetectionDataset.from_yolo(
         images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/images",
         annotations_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/labels",
-        data_yaml_path=f"{dataset.location}/data.yaml"
+        data_yaml_path=f"{dataset.location}/data.yaml",
     )
 
     image_paths = []
@@ -274,11 +278,9 @@ Let's also remove the predictions that are not in the dataset classes.
         remap_classes(
             detections=predictions,
             class_ids_from_to={16: 0},
-            class_names_from_to={"dog": "Corgi"}
+            class_names_from_to={"dog": "Corgi"},
         )
-        predictions = predictions[
-            np.isin(predictions["class_name"], test_set.classes)
-        ]
+        predictions = predictions[np.isin(predictions["class_name"], test_set.classes),]
 
         image_paths.append(image_path)
         predictions_list.append(predictions)
@@ -287,8 +289,7 @@ Let's also remove the predictions that are not in the dataset classes.
 
 ## Visualizing Predictions
 
-The first step in evaluating your model’s performance is to visualize its predictions.
-This gives an intuitive sense of how well your model is detecting objects and where it might be failing.
+The first step in evaluating your model’s performance is to visualize its predictions. This gives an intuitive sense of how well your model is detecting objects and where it might be failing.
 
 ```python
 import supervision as sv
@@ -297,16 +298,22 @@ N = 9
 GRID_SIZE = (3, 3)
 
 target_annotator = sv.PolygonAnnotator(color=sv.Color.from_hex("#8315f9"), thickness=8)
-prediction_annotator = sv.PolygonAnnotator(color=sv.Color.from_hex("#00cfc6"), thickness=6)
+prediction_annotator = sv.PolygonAnnotator(
+    color=sv.Color.from_hex("#00cfc6"), thickness=6
+)
 
 
 annotated_images = []
 for image_path, predictions, targets in zip(
-  image_paths[:N], predictions_list[:N], targets_list[:N]
+    image_paths[:N], predictions_list[:N], targets_list[:N]
 ):
     annotated_image = cv2.imread(image_path)
-    annotated_image = target_annotator.annotate(scene=annotated_image, detections=targets)
-    annotated_image = prediction_annotator.annotate(scene=annotated_image, detections=prediction)
+    annotated_image = target_annotator.annotate(
+        scene=annotated_image, detections=targets
+    )
+    annotated_image = prediction_annotator.annotate(
+        scene=annotated_image, detections=prediction
+    )
     annotated_images.append(annotated_image)
 
 sv.plot_images_grid(images=annotated_images, grid_size=GRID_SIZE)
@@ -438,3 +445,25 @@ A condensed version of this guide is also available as a [Colab Notebook](https:
 For more details, be sure to check out our [documentation](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/) and join our community discussions. If you find any issues, please let us know on [GitHub](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues).
 
 Best of luck with your benchmarking!
+
+## Frequently Asked Questions
+
+### How do I benchmark a model with supervision?
+
+Use `supervision.metrics.mean_average_precision.MeanAveragePrecision` — accumulate prediction and ground-truth `Detections` with `update(...)` and then call `compute()`. For confusion matrices, use `sv.ConfusionMatrix.from_detections(predictions=predictions, targets=targets, classes=classes)`.
+
+### What IoU thresholds does MeanAveragePrecision use?
+
+It computes mAP over IoU thresholds from 0.50 to 0.95 in steps of 0.05 (mAP@50:95), plus mAP@50 and mAP@75 individually.
+
+### Can I benchmark segmentation models?
+
+Yes, if you want to evaluate their bounding boxes. Convert model outputs to `Detections` and pass them to `MeanAveragePrecision.update(...)`; the current mAP path prepares COCO-style bounding boxes from `detections.xyxy`.
+
+### What is a ConfusionMatrix and how do I use it?
+
+`sv.ConfusionMatrix` visualizes true positives, false positives, and false negatives per class. Create one with `sv.ConfusionMatrix.from_detections(predictions=predictions, targets=targets, classes=classes, conf_threshold=0.5, iou_threshold=0.5)`, then call `metric.plot()` to render a heatmap.
+
+## Author
+
+- [Piotr Skalski](https://github.com/SkalskiP) — Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow

docs/how_to/count_in_zone.md

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+---
+comments: true
+description: Count objects entering a polygon zone in images and video using supervision's PolygonZone — measure throughput and density in any region.
+authors:
+  - name: Piotr Skalski
+    role: Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
+    github: https://github.com/SkalskiP
+date_modified: 2026-04-22
+---
+
+With supervision, you can count the number of objects in a zone in an image or video. In this guide, we will show how to count the number of cars in a traffic video.
+
+[View the notebook that accompanies this tutorial](https://github.com/roboflow/notebooks/blob/main/notebooks/how-to-use-polygonzone-annotate-and-supervision.ipynb).
+
+To make it easier for you to follow our tutorial download the video we will use as an example. You can do this using the `supervision.assets` module:
+
+```python
+from supervision.assets import download_assets, VideoAssets
+
+download_assets(VideoAssets.VEHICLES_2)
+```
+
+## Initialize a Model and Load Video
+
+First, we need to initialize a model. Let's use a YOLOv8 model with the default COCO checkpoint. We also need to load a video on which to run inference.
+
+Create a YOLO model instance and load the source video using supervision's `VideoInfo` helper. The model will process each frame during inference, while `VideoInfo` extracts resolution and frame-rate metadata needed by the polygon zone annotator. A shared color palette ensures consistent zone coloring throughout the output video.
+
+```python
+import numpy as np
+import supervision as sv
+import cv2
+
+from ultralytics import YOLO
+
+model = YOLO("yolov8s.pt")
+
+VIDEO = str(VideoAssets.VEHICLES_2)
+
+colors = sv.ColorPalette.default()
+video_info = sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(VIDEO)
+```
+
+## Calculate Coordinates
+
+To count objects in a zone, you need to know the coordinates where you want to draw the zone.
+
+You can calculate coordinates using the [PolygonZone web utility](https://roboflow.github.io/polygonzone/).
+
+To use the PolygonZone website, you will need to upload an image or frame from a video. You can retrieve a frame using this code:
+
+```python
+generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(VIDEO)
+iterator = iter(generator)
+
+frame = next(iterator)
+
+cv2.imwrite("first_frame.png", frame)
+```
+
+PolygonZone will give you NumPy arrays that you can use with supervision to count objects in zones.
+
+<video width="100%" loop muted autoplay>
+  <source src="https://media.roboflow.com/polygonzone.mp4" type="video/mp4">
+</video>
+
+Save the coordinates in an array:
+
+```python
+polygons = [
+    np.array([[718, 595], [927, 592], [851, 1062], [42, 1059]]),
+    np.array([[987, 595], [1199, 595], [1893, 1056], [1015, 1062]]),
+]
+```
+
+## Define Zones
+
+With the coordinates of the zones to draw ready, we can set up our zones:
+
+Instantiate a `PolygonZone` for each polygon array, pairing it with a `PolygonZoneAnnotator` for visual overlay and a `BoxAnnotator` for drawing detection boxes. Each zone will later trigger on incoming detections to determine which objects fall inside its boundaries, enabling per-zone counting in the inference callback.
+
+```python
+zones = [
+    sv.PolygonZone(polygon=polygon, frame_resolution_wh=video_info.resolution_wh)
+    for polygon in polygons
+]
+zone_annotators = [
+    sv.PolygonZoneAnnotator(
+        zone=zone,
+        color=colors.by_idx(index),
+        thickness=4,
+        text_thickness=8,
+        text_scale=4,
+    )
+    for index, zone in enumerate(zones)
+]
+box_annotators = [
+    sv.BoxAnnotator(
+        color=colors.by_idx(index),
+        thickness=4,
+        text_thickness=4,
+        text_scale=2,
+    )
+    for index in range(len(polygons))
+]
+```
+
+## Run Inference
+
+We can run inference on a video using the [sv.process_video](https://supervision.roboflow.com/utils/video/#process_video) function. This function accepts a callback that runs inference on each frame and compiles the results into a video.
+
+Below, we can call our YOLOv8 model, annotate predictions and zones, then save the results to a file called `result.mp4`.
+
+```python
+def process_frame(frame: np.ndarray, i) -> np.ndarray:
+    results = model(frame, imgsz=1280, verbose=False)[0]
+    detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(results)
+
+    for zone, zone_annotator, box_annotator in zip(
+        zones, zone_annotators, box_annotators
+    ):
+        mask = zone.trigger(detections=detections)
+        detections_filtered = detections[mask]
+        frame = box_annotator.annotate(
+            scene=frame, detections=detections_filtered, skip_label=True
+        )
+        frame = zone_annotator.annotate(scene=frame)
+
+    return frame
+
+
+sv.process_video(source_path=VIDEO, target_path="result.mp4", callback=process_frame)
+```
+
+Here is an example of inference run on the video:
+
+<video width="100%" loop muted autoplay>
+  <source src="https://blog.roboflow.com/content/media/2023/03/trim-counting.mp4" type="video/mp4">
+</video>
+
+## Frequently Asked Questions
+
+### How do I count objects in a zone with supervision?
+
+Create `sv.PolygonZone` with a polygon defining your region. Call `zone.trigger(detections)` on each frame — it returns a mask of detections inside the zone.
+
+### Can I count objects crossing a line instead of entering a zone?
+
+Yes. Use `sv.LineZone` — define a start and end point. `zone.trigger(detections)` returns a tuple of two boolean arrays, `(crossed_in, crossed_out)`, indicating which detections crossed the line in each direction. `LineZone` requires `detections.tracker_id`; run a tracker first so the same object can be matched across frames.
+
+### Can I combine zone counting with tracking?
+
+Yes. You can pass tracker IDs from `sv.ByteTrack` alongside your detections, but `sv.PolygonZone` still evaluates the zone on each frame and reports which objects are currently inside it. If you want to count each object only once when it first enters the zone, maintain a set of seen `tracker_id` values after filtering detections with `zone.trigger(detections)`, or use a dedicated entry/crossing counting tool such as `sv.LineZone` when it better matches your use case.
+
+## Author
+
+- [Piotr Skalski](https://github.com/SkalskiP) — Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow

docs/how_to/detect_and_annotate.md

@@ -1,45 +1,64 @@
 ---
 comments: true
+description: Learn to load model predictions, create Detections objects, and annotate images with bounding boxes, labels, and masks using supervision.
+authors:
+  - name: Piotr Skalski
+    role: Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
+    github: https://github.com/SkalskiP
+  - name: Borda
+    role: Open Source Engineer, Roboflow
+    github: https://github.com/borda
+date_modified: 2026-04-22
 ---
 
 # Detect and Annotate
 
-Supervision provides a seamless process for annotating predictions generated by various
-object detection and segmentation models. This guide shows how to perform inference
-with the [Inference](https://github.com/roboflow/inference),
-[Ultralytics](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics) or
-[Transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) packages. Following this,
-you'll learn how to import these predictions into Supervision and use them to annotate
-source image.
+!!! tip "Sample Image"
+
+    Don't have an image? Download the one used in this tutorial:
+
+    ```bash
+    wget https://media.roboflow.com/notebooks/examples/dog.jpeg
+    ```
+
+    ```
+    Then replace `<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>` with `"dog.jpeg"`.
+    ```
+
+Supervision provides a seamless process for annotating predictions generated by various object detection and segmentation models. This guide shows how to perform inference with the [Inference](https://github.com/roboflow/inference), [Ultralytics](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics) or [Transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) packages. Following this, you'll learn how to import these predictions into Supervision and use them to annotate source image.
 
 ![basic-annotation](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision_detect_and_annotate_example_1.png)
 
 ## Run Detection
 
-First, you'll need to obtain predictions from your object detection or segmentation
-model.
+First, you'll need to obtain predictions from your object detection or segmentation model.
+
+To run inference, initialize your chosen model and pass the source image to its predict or infer method. Supervision supports Roboflow Inference, Ultralytics YOLO, and Hugging Face Transformers -- select the tab matching your framework. The result is a framework-specific object you will convert to a `Detections` instance in the next step.
 
 === "Inference"
+
     ```python
     import cv2
     from inference import get_model
 
     model = get_model(model_id="yolov8n-640")
-    image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = cv2.imread("dog.jpeg")
     results = model.infer(image)[0]
     ```
 
 === "Ultralytics"
+
     ```python
     import cv2
     from ultralytics import YOLO
 
     model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")
-    image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = cv2.imread("dog.jpeg")
     results = model(image)[0]
     ```
 
 === "Transformers"
+
     ```python
     import torch
     from PIL import Image
@@ -48,7 +67,7 @@ model.
     processor = DetrImageProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
     model = DetrForObjectDetection.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
 
-    image = Image.open(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = Image.open("dog.jpeg")
     inputs = processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt")
 
     with torch.no_grad():
@@ -57,15 +76,19 @@ model.
     width, height = image.size
     target_size = torch.tensor([[height, width]])
     results = processor.post_process_object_detection(
-        outputs=outputs, target_sizes=target_size)[0]
+        outputs=outputs, target_sizes=target_size
+    )[0]
     ```
 
 ## Load Predictions into Supervision
 
 Now that we have predictions from a model, we can load them into Supervision.
 
+Each supported framework has a dedicated class method on `sv.Detections` that converts raw model output into a unified Supervision object. Call `from_inference`, `from_ultralytics`, or `from_transformers` depending on the package you used for inference. This normalization step ensures all downstream annotators and filters work identically regardless of the source model.
+
 === "Inference"
-    We can do so using the [`sv.Detections.from_inference`](/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_inference) method, which accepts model results from both detection and segmentation models.
+
+    We can do so using the [`sv.Detections.from_inference`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_inference) method, which accepts model results from both detection and segmentation models.
 
     ```{ .py hl_lines="2 8" }
     import cv2
@@ -73,13 +96,14 @@ Now that we have predictions from a model, we can load them into Supervision.
     from inference import get_model
 
     model = get_model(model_id="yolov8n-640")
-    image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = cv2.imread("dog.jpeg")
     results = model.infer(image)[0]
     detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(results)
     ```
 
 === "Ultralytics"
-    We can do so using the [`sv.Detections.from_ultralytics`](/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_ultralytics) method, which accepts model results from both detection and segmentation models.
+
+    We can do so using the [`sv.Detections.from_ultralytics`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_ultralytics) method, which accepts model results from both detection and segmentation models.
 
     ```{ .py hl_lines="2 8" }
     import cv2
@@ -87,13 +111,14 @@ Now that we have predictions from a model, we can load them into Supervision.
     from ultralytics import YOLO
 
     model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")
-    image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = cv2.imread("dog.jpeg")
     results = model(image)[0]
     detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(results)
     ```
 
 === "Transformers"
-    We can do so using the [`sv.Detections.from_transformers`](/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_transformers) method, which accepts model results from both detection and segmentation models.
+
+    We can do so using the [`sv.Detections.from_transformers`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_transformers) method, which accepts model results from both detection and segmentation models.
 
     ```{ .py hl_lines="2 19-21" }
     import torch
@@ -104,7 +129,7 @@ Now that we have predictions from a model, we can load them into Supervision.
     processor = DetrImageProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
     model = DetrForObjectDetection.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
 
-    image = Image.open(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = Image.open("dog.jpeg")
     inputs = processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt")
 
     with torch.no_grad():
@@ -121,24 +146,27 @@ Now that we have predictions from a model, we can load them into Supervision.
 
 You can load predictions from other computer vision frameworks and libraries using:
 
-- [`from_deepsparse`](/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_deepsparse) ([Deepsparse](https://github.com/neuralmagic/deepsparse))
-- [`from_detectron2`](/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_detectron2) ([Detectron2](https://github.com/facebookresearch/detectron2))
-- [`from_mmdetection`](/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_mmdetection) ([MMDetection](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmdetection))
-- [`from_sam`](/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_sam) ([Segment Anything Model](https://github.com/facebookresearch/segment-anything))
-- [`from_yolo_nas`](/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_yolo_nas) ([YOLO-NAS](https://github.com/Deci-AI/super-gradients/blob/master/YOLONAS.md))
+- [`from_deepsparse`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_deepsparse) ([Deepsparse](https://github.com/neuralmagic/deepsparse))
+- [`from_detectron2`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_detectron2) ([Detectron2](https://github.com/facebookresearch/detectron2))
+- [`from_mmdetection`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_mmdetection) ([MMDetection](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmdetection))
+- [`from_sam`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_sam) ([Segment Anything Model](https://github.com/facebookresearch/segment-anything))
+- [`from_yolo_nas`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_yolo_nas) ([YOLO-NAS](https://github.com/Deci-AI/super-gradients/blob/master/YOLONAS.md))
 
 ## Annotate Image with Detections
 
-Finally, we can annotate the image with the predictions. Since we are working with an object detection model, we will use the [`sv.BoxAnnotator`](/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BoxAnnotator) and [`sv.LabelAnnotator`](/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.LabelAnnotator) classes.
+Finally, we can annotate the image with the predictions. Since we are working with an object detection model, we will use the [`sv.BoxAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BoxAnnotator) and [`sv.LabelAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.LabelAnnotator) classes.
+
+To draw bounding boxes and class labels on your image, create a `BoxAnnotator` and a `LabelAnnotator`, then call their `annotate` methods in sequence. Each annotator returns the modified image, so you can chain multiple annotators together. The result is a single NumPy array with all visual overlays rendered and ready for display or saving.
 
 === "Inference"
+
     ```{ .py hl_lines="10-16" }
     import cv2
     import supervision as sv
     from inference import get_model
 
     model = get_model(model_id="yolov8n-640")
-    image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = cv2.imread("dog.jpeg")
     results = model.infer(image)[0]
     detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(results)
 
@@ -152,13 +180,14 @@ Finally, we can annotate the image with the predictions. Since we are working wi
     ```
 
 === "Ultralytics"
+
     ```{ .py hl_lines="10-16" }
     import cv2
     import supervision as sv
     from ultralytics import YOLO
 
     model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")
-    image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = cv2.imread("dog.jpeg")
     results = model(image)[0]
     detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(results)
 
@@ -172,6 +201,7 @@ Finally, we can annotate the image with the predictions. Since we are working wi
     ```
 
 === "Transformers"
+
     ```{ .py hl_lines="23-30" }
     import torch
     import supervision as sv
@@ -181,7 +211,7 @@ Finally, we can annotate the image with the predictions. Since we are working wi
     processor = DetrImageProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
     model = DetrForObjectDetection.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
 
-    image = Image.open(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = Image.open("dog.jpeg")
     inputs = processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt")
 
     with torch.no_grad():
@@ -208,18 +238,17 @@ Finally, we can annotate the image with the predictions. Since we are working wi
 
 ## Display Custom Labels
 
-By default, [`sv.LabelAnnotator`](/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.LabelAnnotator)
-will label each detection with its `class_name` (if possible) or `class_id`. You can
-override this behavior by passing a list of custom `labels` to the `annotate` method.
+By default, [`sv.LabelAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.LabelAnnotator) will label each detection with its `class_name` (if possible) or `class_id`. You can override this behavior by passing a list of custom `labels` to the `annotate` method.
 
 === "Inference"
+
     ```{ .py hl_lines="13-17 22" }
     import cv2
     import supervision as sv
     from inference import get_model
 
     model = get_model(model_id="yolov8n-640")
-    image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = cv2.imread("dog.jpeg")
     results = model.infer(image)[0]
     detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(results)
 
@@ -239,13 +268,14 @@ override this behavior by passing a list of custom `labels` to the `annotate` me
     ```
 
 === "Ultralytics"
+
     ```{ .py hl_lines="13-17 22" }
     import cv2
     import supervision as sv
     from ultralytics import YOLO
 
     model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")
-    image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = cv2.imread("dog.jpeg")
     results = model(image)[0]
     detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(results)
 
@@ -265,6 +295,7 @@ override this behavior by passing a list of custom `labels` to the `annotate` me
     ```
 
 === "Transformers"
+
     ```{ .py hl_lines="26-30 35" }
     import torch
     import supervision as sv
@@ -274,7 +305,7 @@ override this behavior by passing a list of custom `labels` to the `annotate` me
     processor = DetrImageProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
     model = DetrForObjectDetection.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
 
-    image = Image.open(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = Image.open("dog.jpeg")
     inputs = processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt")
 
     with torch.no_grad():
@@ -307,20 +338,17 @@ override this behavior by passing a list of custom `labels` to the `annotate` me
 
 ## Annotate Image with Segmentations
 
-If you are running the segmentation model
-[`sv.MaskAnnotator`](/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.MaskAnnotator)
-is a drop-in replacement for
-[`sv.BoxAnnotator`](/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BoxAnnotator)
-that will allow you to draw masks instead of boxes.
+If you are running the segmentation model [`sv.MaskAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.MaskAnnotator) is a drop-in replacement for [`sv.BoxAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BoxAnnotator) that will allow you to draw masks instead of boxes.
 
 === "Inference"
+
     ```python
     import cv2
     import supervision as sv
     from inference import get_model
 
     model = get_model(model_id="yolov8n-seg-640")
-    image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = cv2.imread("dog.jpeg")
     results = model.infer(image)[0]
     detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(results)
 
@@ -328,19 +356,25 @@ that will allow you to draw masks instead of boxes.
     label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator(text_position=sv.Position.CENTER_OF_MASS)
 
     annotated_image = mask_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image, detections=detections)
+        scene=image,
+        detections=detections,
+    )
     annotated_image = label_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=annotated_image, detections=detections)
+        scene=annotated_image,
+        detections=detections,
+    )
+    sv.plot_image(annotated_image)
     ```
 
 === "Ultralytics"
+
     ```python
     import cv2
     import supervision as sv
     from ultralytics import YOLO
 
     model = YOLO("yolov8n-seg.pt")
-    image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = cv2.imread("dog.jpeg")
     results = model(image)[0]
     detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(results)
 
@@ -348,12 +382,17 @@ that will allow you to draw masks instead of boxes.
     label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator(text_position=sv.Position.CENTER_OF_MASS)
 
     annotated_image = mask_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image, detections=detections)
+        scene=image,
+        detections=detections,
+    )
     annotated_image = label_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=annotated_image, detections=detections)
+        scene=annotated_image,
+        detections=detections,
+    )
     ```
 
 === "Transformers"
+
     ```python
     import torch
     import supervision as sv
@@ -363,7 +402,7 @@ that will allow you to draw masks instead of boxes.
     processor = DetrImageProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50-panoptic")
     model = DetrForSegmentation.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50-panoptic")
 
-    image = Image.open(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = Image.open("dog.jpeg")
     inputs = processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt")
 
     with torch.no_grad():
@@ -372,24 +411,50 @@ that will allow you to draw masks instead of boxes.
     width, height = image.size
     target_size = torch.tensor([[height, width]])
     results = processor.post_process_segmentation(
-        outputs=outputs, target_sizes=target_size)[0]
+        outputs=outputs, target_sizes=target_size
+    )[0]
     detections = sv.Detections.from_transformers(
-        transformers_results=results,
-        id2label=model.config.id2label)
+        transformers_results=results, id2label=model.config.id2label
+    )
 
     mask_annotator = sv.MaskAnnotator()
     label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator(text_position=sv.Position.CENTER_OF_MASS)
 
     labels = [
         f"{class_name} {confidence:.2f}"
-        for class_name, confidence
-        in zip(detections['class_name'], detections.confidence)
+        for class_name, confidence in zip(
+            detections["class_name"],
+            detections.confidence,
+        )
     ]
 
-    annotated_image = mask_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image, detections=detections)
+    annotated_image = mask_annotator.annotate(scene=image, detections=detections)
     annotated_image = label_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=annotated_image, detections=detections, labels=labels)
+        scene=annotated_image, detections=detections, labels=labels
+    )
     ```
 
 ![segmentation-annotation](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision_detect_and_annotate_example_3.png)
+
+## Frequently Asked Questions
+
+### How do I detect and annotate objects with supervision?
+
+Pass any model's output to `sv.Detections.from_<model>()` to create a unified `Detections` object. Then pass it to `sv.BoxAnnotator` or `sv.MaskAnnotator` to draw predictions on an image.
+
+### Can I annotate both bounding boxes and masks at the same time?
+
+Yes. Chain annotators: first draw boxes with `BoxAnnotator`, then overlay masks with `MaskAnnotator` on the same scene.
+
+### How do I label detections with class names?
+
+Use `sv.LabelAnnotator` and pass custom text with the `labels` parameter. If a connector provides class names, they are stored in `detections["class_name"]` / `detections.data["class_name"]`; when `labels` is omitted, `LabelAnnotator` uses class names first, then class IDs, then detection indices.
+
+### Can I use supervision with Hugging Face models?
+
+Yes. `sv.Detections.from_transformers()` accepts supported Hugging Face object detection and segmentation outputs. Vision-language model outputs are handled through `sv.Detections.from_vlm(...)`, for example with `sv.VLM.FLORENCE_2` or `sv.VLM.PALIGEMMA`.
+
+## Authors
+
+- [Piotr Skalski](https://github.com/SkalskiP) — Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
+- [Borda](https://github.com/borda) — Open Source Engineer, Roboflow

docs/how_to/detect_small_objects.md

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 ---
 comments: true
+description: Detect small objects in images by applying SAHI inference slicing with supervision's InferenceSlicer — improve recall for tiny targets.
+authors:
+  - name: Piotr Skalski
+    role: Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
+    github: https://github.com/SkalskiP
+date_modified: 2026-04-22
 ---
 
 # Detect Small Objects
 
-This guide shows how to detect small objects
-with the [Inference](https://github.com/roboflow/inference),
-[Ultralytics](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics) or
-[Transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) packages using
-[`InferenceSlicer`](/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/#supervision.detection.tools.inference_slicer.InferenceSlicer).
+This guide shows how to detect small objects with the [Inference](https://github.com/roboflow/inference), [Ultralytics](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics) or [Transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) packages using [`InferenceSlicer`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/#supervision.detection.tools.inference_slicer.InferenceSlicer).
 
 <video controls>
     <source src="https://media.roboflow.com/supervision_detect_small_objects_example.mp4" type="video/mp4">
@@ -16,17 +18,19 @@ with the [Inference](https://github.com/roboflow/inference),
 
 ## Baseline Detection
 
-Small object detection in high-resolution images presents challenges due to the objects'
-size relative to the image resolution.
+Small object detection in high-resolution images presents challenges due to the objects' size relative to the image resolution.
+
+Running a standard detection model on the full image establishes a baseline for comparison. Load your chosen model, pass the image through it, and convert the results into a `Detections` object. This baseline reveals how many small objects the model misses at native resolution, motivating the sliced inference approach shown later.
 
 === "Inference"
+
     ```python
     import cv2
     import supervision as sv
     from inference import get_model
 
     model = get_model(model_id="yolov8x-640")
-    image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = cv2.imread("<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>")
     results = model.infer(image)[0]
     detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(results)
 
@@ -34,19 +38,24 @@ size relative to the image resolution.
     label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator()
 
     annotated_image = box_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image, detections=detections)
+        scene=image,
+        detections=detections,
+    )
     annotated_image = label_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=annotated_image, detections=detections)
+        scene=annotated_image,
+        detections=detections,
+    )
     ```
 
 === "Ultralytics"
+
     ```python
     import cv2
     import supervision as sv
     from ultralytics import YOLO
 
     model = YOLO("yolov8x.pt")
-    image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = cv2.imread("<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>")
     results = model(image)[0]
     detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(results)
 
@@ -54,12 +63,17 @@ size relative to the image resolution.
     label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator()
 
     annotated_image = box_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image, detections=detections)
+        scene=image,
+        detections=detections,
+    )
     annotated_image = label_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=annotated_image, detections=detections)
+        scene=annotated_image,
+        detections=detections,
+    )
     ```
 
 === "Transformers"
+
     ```python
     import torch
     import supervision as sv
@@ -69,7 +83,7 @@ size relative to the image resolution.
     processor = DetrImageProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
     model = DetrForSegmentation.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
 
-    image = Image.open(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = Image.open("<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>")
     inputs = processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt")
 
     with torch.no_grad():
@@ -78,40 +92,36 @@ size relative to the image resolution.
     width, height = image_slice.size
     target_size = torch.tensor([[width, height]])
     results = processor.post_process_object_detection(
-        outputs=outputs, target_sizes=target_size)[0]
+        outputs=outputs, target_sizes=target_size
+    )[0]
     detections = sv.Detections.from_transformers(results)
 
     box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
     label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator()
 
-    labels = [
-        model.config.id2label[class_id]
-        for class_id
-        in detections.class_id
-    ]
+    labels = [model.config.id2label[class_id] for class_id in detections.class_id]
 
-    annotated_image = box_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=image, detections=detections)
+    annotated_image = box_annotator.annotate(scene=image, detections=detections)
     annotated_image = label_annotator.annotate(
-        scene=annotated_image, detections=detections, labels=labels)
+        scene=annotated_image, detections=detections, labels=labels
+    )
     ```
 
 ![basic-detection](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision_detect_small_objects_example_1.png)
 
 ## Input Resolution
 
-Modifying the input resolution of images before detection can enhance small object
-identification at the cost of processing speed and increased memory usage. This method
-is less effective for ultra-high-resolution images (4K and above).
+Modifying the input resolution of images before detection can enhance small object identification at the cost of processing speed and increased memory usage. This method is less effective for ultra-high-resolution images (4K and above).
 
 === "Inference"
+
     ```{ .py hl_lines="5" }
     import cv2
     import supervision as sv
     from inference import get_model
 
     model = get_model(model_id="yolov8x-1280")
-    image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = cv2.imread("<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>")
     results = model.infer(image)[0]
     detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(results)
 
@@ -125,13 +135,14 @@ is less effective for ultra-high-resolution images (4K and above).
     ```
 
 === "Ultralytics"
+
     ```{ .py hl_lines="7" }
     import cv2
     import supervision as sv
     from ultralytics import YOLO
 
     model = YOLO("yolov8x.pt")
-    image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = cv2.imread("<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>")
     results = model(image, imgsz=1280)[0]
     detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(results)
 
@@ -148,15 +159,14 @@ is less effective for ultra-high-resolution images (4K and above).
 
 ## Inference Slicer
 
-[`InferenceSlicer`](/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/#supervision.detection.tools.inference_slicer.InferenceSlicer)
-processes high-resolution images by dividing them into smaller segments, detecting
-objects within each, and aggregating the results.
+[`InferenceSlicer`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/#supervision.detection.tools.inference_slicer.InferenceSlicer) processes high-resolution images by dividing them into smaller segments, detecting objects within each, and aggregating the results.
 
 <video controls>
     <source src="https://media.roboflow.com/supervision_detect_small_objects_example_2.mp4" type="video/mp4">
 </video>
 
 === "Inference"
+
     ```{ .py hl_lines="9-14" }
     import cv2
     import numpy as np
@@ -164,7 +174,7 @@ objects within each, and aggregating the results.
     from inference import get_model
 
     model = get_model(model_id="yolov8x-640")
-    image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = cv2.imread("<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>")
 
     def callback(image_slice: np.ndarray) -> sv.Detections:
         results = model.infer(image_slice)[0]
@@ -183,6 +193,7 @@ objects within each, and aggregating the results.
     ```
 
 === "Ultralytics"
+
     ```{ .py hl_lines="9-14" }
     import cv2
     import numpy as np
@@ -190,7 +201,7 @@ objects within each, and aggregating the results.
     from ultralytics import YOLO
 
     model = YOLO("yolov8x.pt")
-    image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = cv2.imread("<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>")
 
     def callback(image_slice: np.ndarray) -> sv.Detections:
         result = model(image_slice)[0]
@@ -209,6 +220,7 @@ objects within each, and aggregating the results.
     ```
 
 === "Transformers"
+
     ```{ .py hl_lines="13-28" }
     import cv2
     import torch
@@ -220,7 +232,7 @@ objects within each, and aggregating the results.
     processor = DetrImageProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
     model = DetrForObjectDetection.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
 
-    image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = cv2.imread("<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>")
 
     def callback(image_slice: np.ndarray) -> sv.Detections:
         image_slice = cv2.cvtColor(image_slice, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
@@ -258,9 +270,10 @@ objects within each, and aggregating the results.
 
 ## Small Object Segmentation
 
-[`InferenceSlicer`](/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/#supervision.detection.tools.inference_slicer.InferenceSlicer) can perform segmentation tasks too.
+[`InferenceSlicer`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/#supervision.detection.tools.inference_slicer.InferenceSlicer) can perform segmentation tasks too.
 
 === "Inference"
+
     ```{ .py hl_lines="6 16 19-20" }
     import cv2
     import numpy as np
@@ -268,7 +281,7 @@ objects within each, and aggregating the results.
     from inference import get_model
 
     model = get_model(model_id="yolov8x-seg-640")
-    image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = cv2.imread("<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>")
 
     def callback(image_slice: np.ndarray) -> sv.Detections:
         results = model.infer(image_slice)[0]
@@ -287,6 +300,7 @@ objects within each, and aggregating the results.
     ```
 
 === "Ultralytics"
+
     ```{ .py hl_lines="6 16 19-20" }
     import cv2
     import numpy as np
@@ -294,7 +308,7 @@ objects within each, and aggregating the results.
     from ultralytics import YOLO
 
     model = YOLO("yolov8x-seg.pt")
-    image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
+    image = cv2.imread("<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>")
 
     def callback(image_slice: np.ndarray) -> sv.Detections:
         result = model(image_slice)[0]
@@ -313,3 +327,21 @@ objects within each, and aggregating the results.
     ```
 
 ![detection-with-inference-slicer](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-docs/inference-slicer-segmentation-example.png)
+
+## Frequently Asked Questions
+
+### How do I detect small objects with supervision?
+
+Use `sv.InferenceSlicer` to split a high-resolution image into overlapping tiles, run detection on each tile, and merge results with non-maximum suppression. This dramatically improves recall for tiny targets.
+
+### What overlap should I use between tiles?
+
+`InferenceSlicer` takes overlap in pixels via `overlap_wh`, not as a percentage. The default is `100` pixels in both directions. Increase `overlap_wh` when objects are close to the tile size or often appear on tile boundaries, and decrease it when speed is more important.
+
+### Can I use InferenceSlicer with any detection model?
+
+Yes. Wrap any model or converter path that can produce `sv.Detections` in a callback, pass that callback to `sv.InferenceSlicer(callback=...)`, and then call the slicer with your image.
+
+## Author
+
+- [Piotr Skalski](https://github.com/SkalskiP) — Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow

docs/how_to/filter_detections.md

@@ -1,20 +1,23 @@
 ---
 comments: true
+description: Filter and query detection results by class, confidence, or spatial overlap using supervision's Detections API — clean predictions in one line.
+authors:
+  - name: Piotr Skalski
+    role: Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
+    github: https://github.com/SkalskiP
+date_modified: 2026-04-22
 ---
 
 # Filter Detections
 
-The advanced filtering capabilities of the `Detections` class offer users a versatile and efficient way to narrow down
-and refine object detections. This section outlines various filtering methods, including filtering by specific class
-or a set of classes, confidence, object area, bounding box area, relative area, box dimensions, and designated zones.
-Each method is demonstrated with concise code examples to provide users with a clear understanding of how to implement
-the filters in their applications.
+The advanced filtering capabilities of the `Detections` class offer users a versatile and efficient way to narrow down and refine object detections. This section outlines various filtering methods, including filtering by specific class or a set of classes, confidence, object area, bounding box area, relative area, box dimensions, and designated zones. Each method is demonstrated with concise code examples to provide users with a clear understanding of how to implement the filters in their applications.
 
 ### by specific class
 
 Allows you to select detections that belong only to one selected class.
 
 === "After"
+
     ```python
     import supervision as sv
 
@@ -29,6 +32,7 @@ Allows you to select detections that belong only to one selected class.
     </div>
 
 === "Before"
+
     ```python
     import supervision as sv
 
@@ -47,6 +51,7 @@ Allows you to select detections that belong only to one selected class.
 Allows you to select detections that belong only to selected set of classes.
 
 === "After"
+
     ```python
     import numpy as np
     import supervision as sv
@@ -63,6 +68,7 @@ Allows you to select detections that belong only to selected set of classes.
     </div>
 
 === "Before"
+
     ```python
     import numpy as np
     import supervision as sv
@@ -83,6 +89,7 @@ Allows you to select detections that belong only to selected set of classes.
 Allows you to select detections with specific confidence value, for example higher than selected threshold.
 
 === "After"
+
     ```python
     import supervision as sv
 
@@ -97,6 +104,7 @@ Allows you to select detections with specific confidence value, for example high
     </div>
 
 === "Before"
+
     ```python
     import supervision as sv
 
@@ -112,10 +120,10 @@ Allows you to select detections with specific confidence value, for example high
 
 ### by area
 
-Allows you to select detections based on their size. We define the area as the number of pixels occupied by the
-detection in the image. In the example below, we have sifted out the detections that are too small.
+Allows you to select detections based on their size. We define the area as the number of pixels occupied by the detection in the image. In the example below, we have sifted out the detections that are too small.
 
 === "After"
+
     ```python
     import supervision as sv
 
@@ -130,6 +138,7 @@ detection in the image. In the example below, we have sifted out the detections
     </div>
 
 === "Before"
+
     ```python
     import supervision as sv
 
@@ -145,12 +154,10 @@ detection in the image. In the example below, we have sifted out the detections
 
 ### by relative area
 
-Allows you to select detections based on their size in relation to the size of whole image. Sometimes the concept of
-detection size changes depending on the image. Detection occupying 10000 square px can be large on a 1280x720 image
-but small on a 3840x2160 image. In such cases, we can filter out detections based on the percentage of the image area
-occupied by them. In the example below, we remove too large detections.
+Allows you to select detections based on their size in relation to the size of whole image. Sometimes the concept of detection size changes depending on the image. Detection occupying 10000 square px can be large on a 1280x720 image but small on a 3840x2160 image. In such cases, we can filter out detections based on the percentage of the image area occupied by them. In the example below, we remove too large detections.
 
 === "After"
+
     ```python
     import supervision as sv
 
@@ -169,6 +176,7 @@ occupied by them. In the example below, we remove too large detections.
     </div>
 
 === "Before"
+
     ```python
     import supervision as sv
 
@@ -188,11 +196,10 @@ occupied by them. In the example below, we remove too large detections.
 
 ### by box dimensions
 
-Allows you to select detections based on their dimensions. The size of the bounding box, as well as its coordinates,
-can be criteria for rejecting detection. Implementing such filtering requires a bit of custom code but is relatively
-simple and fast.
+Allows you to select detections based on their dimensions. The size of the bounding box, as well as its coordinates, can be criteria for rejecting detection. Implementing such filtering requires a bit of custom code but is relatively simple and fast.
 
 === "After"
+
     ```python
     import supervision as sv
 
@@ -209,6 +216,7 @@ simple and fast.
     </div>
 
 === "Before"
+
     ```python
     import supervision as sv
 
@@ -226,10 +234,10 @@ simple and fast.
 
 ### by `PolygonZone`
 
-Allows you to use `Detections` in combination with `PolygonZone` to weed out bounding boxes that are in and out of the
-zone. In the example below you can see how to filter out all detections located in the lower part of the image.
+Allows you to use `Detections` in combination with `PolygonZone` to weed out bounding boxes that are in and out of the zone. In the example below you can see how to filter out all detections located in the lower part of the image.
 
 === "After"
+
     ```python
     import supervision as sv
 
@@ -246,6 +254,7 @@ zone. In the example below you can see how to filter out all detections located
     </div>
 
 === "Before"
+
     ```python
     import supervision as sv
 
@@ -266,6 +275,7 @@ zone. In the example below you can see how to filter out all detections located
 `Detections`' greatest strength, however, is that you can build arbitrarily complex logical conditions by simply combining separate conditions using `&` or `|`.
 
 === "After"
+
     ```python
     import supervision as sv
 
@@ -282,6 +292,7 @@ zone. In the example below you can see how to filter out all detections located
     </div>
 
 === "Before"
+
     ```python
     import supervision as sv
 
@@ -296,3 +307,29 @@ zone. In the example below you can see how to filter out all detections located
     ![original](https://media.roboflow.com/open-source/supervision/supervision-detection-original.png){ align=center width="800" }
 
     </div>
+
+## Frequently Asked Questions
+
+### How do I filter detections by class in supervision?
+
+Use NumPy-style boolean indexing: `detections[detections.class_id == 0]` for class 0. Combine with `&` or `|` for multiple conditions.
+
+### How do I filter by confidence threshold?
+
+`detections[detections.confidence > 0.5]` returns only detections above the threshold. Chain with class filters for precise results.
+
+### How do I filter by bounding box area?
+
+`detections[detections.area > 1000]` filters by pixel area. If masks are present, `detections.area` uses mask area; otherwise it uses bounding box area from `xyxy`. Use `detections.box_area` when you specifically need bounding box area.
+
+### Can I filter by box aspect ratio or dimensions?
+
+Yes. Use `detections.box_aspect_ratio` for aspect ratio filtering. If you need explicit box dimensions, compute them from `detections.xyxy` as `width = detections.xyxy[:, 2] - detections.xyxy[:, 0]` and `height = detections.xyxy[:, 3] - detections.xyxy[:, 1]`.
+
+### How do I remove duplicate detections (NMS) from my results?
+
+Use `detections.with_nms(threshold=0.5)` — it applies non-maximum suppression on the `xyxy` boxes.
+
+## Author
+
+- [Piotr Skalski](https://github.com/SkalskiP) — Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow

docs/how_to/process_datasets.md

@@ -1,28 +1,24 @@
 ---
 comments: true
+description: Load, split, merge, and convert computer vision datasets between YOLO, COCO, and Pascal VOC formats using supervision's DetectionDataset.
+authors:
+  - name: Piotr Skalski
+    role: Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
+    github: https://github.com/SkalskiP
+date_modified: 2026-04-22
 ---
 
-With Supervision, you can load and manipulate classification, object detection, and
-segmentation datasets. This tutorial will walk you through how to load, split, merge,
-visualize, and augment datasets in Supervision.
+With Supervision, you can load and manipulate classification, object detection, and segmentation datasets. This tutorial will walk you through how to load, split, merge, visualize, and augment datasets in Supervision.
 
 ## Download Dataset
 
-In this tutorial, we will use a dataset from
-[Roboflow Universe](https://universe.roboflow.com/), a public repository of
-thousands of computer vision datasets. If you already have your dataset in
-[COCO](https://roboflow.com/formats/coco-json),
-[YOLO](https://roboflow.com/formats/yolov8-pytorch-txt),
-or [Pascal VOC](https://roboflow.com/formats/pascal-voc-xml) format, you can skip this
-section.
+In this tutorial, we will use a dataset from [Roboflow Universe](https://universe.roboflow.com/), a public repository of thousands of computer vision datasets. If you already have your dataset in [COCO](https://roboflow.com/formats/coco-json), [YOLO](https://roboflow.com/formats/yolov8-pytorch-txt), or [Pascal VOC](https://roboflow.com/formats/pascal-voc-xml) format, you can skip this section.
 
 ```bash
 pip install roboflow
 ```
 
-Next, log into your Roboflow account and download the dataset of your choice in the
-COCO, YOLO, or Pascal VOC format. You can customize the following code snippet with
-your workspace ID, project ID, and version number.
+Next, log into your Roboflow account and download the dataset of your choice in the COCO, YOLO, or Pascal VOC format. You can customize the following code snippet with your workspace ID, project ID, and version number.
 
 === "COCO"
 
@@ -32,8 +28,8 @@ your workspace ID, project ID, and version number.
     roboflow.login()
 
     rf = roboflow.Roboflow()
-    project = rf.workspace('<WORKSPACE_ID>').project('<PROJECT_ID>')
-    dataset = project.version('<PROJECT_VERSION>').download("coco")
+    project = rf.workspace("<WORKSPACE_ID>").project("<PROJECT_ID>")
+    dataset = project.version("<PROJECT_VERSION>").download("coco")
     ```
 
 === "YOLO"
@@ -44,8 +40,8 @@ your workspace ID, project ID, and version number.
     roboflow.login()
 
     rf = roboflow.Roboflow()
-    project = rf.workspace('<WORKSPACE_ID>').project('<PROJECT_ID>')
-    dataset = project.version('<PROJECT_VERSION>').download("yolov8")
+    project = rf.workspace("<WORKSPACE_ID>").project("<PROJECT_ID>")
+    dataset = project.version("<PROJECT_VERSION>").download("yolov8")
     ```
 
 === "Pascal VOC"
@@ -56,16 +52,13 @@ your workspace ID, project ID, and version number.
     roboflow.login()
 
     rf = roboflow.Roboflow()
-    project = rf.workspace('<WORKSPACE_ID>').project('<PROJECT_ID>')
-    dataset = project.version('<PROJECT_VERSION>').download("voc")
+    project = rf.workspace("<WORKSPACE_ID>").project("<PROJECT_ID>")
+    dataset = project.version("<PROJECT_VERSION>").download("voc")
     ```
 
 ## Load Dataset
 
-The Supervision library provides convenient functions to load datasets in various
-formats. If your dataset is already split into train, test, and valid subsets, you can
-load each of those as separate [`sv.DetectionDataset`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset)
-instances.
+The Supervision library provides convenient functions to load datasets in various formats. If your dataset is already split into train, test, and valid subsets, you can load each of those as separate [`sv.DetectionDataset`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset) instances.
 
 === "COCO"
 
@@ -75,16 +68,16 @@ instances.
     import supervision as sv
 
     ds_train = sv.DetectionDataset.from_coco(
-        images_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/train',
-        annotations_path=f'{dataset.location}/train/_annotations.coco.json',
+        images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/train",
+        annotations_path=f"{dataset.location}/train/_annotations.coco.json",
     )
     ds_valid = sv.DetectionDataset.from_coco(
-        images_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/valid',
-        annotations_path=f'{dataset.location}/valid/_annotations.coco.json',
+        images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/valid",
+        annotations_path=f"{dataset.location}/valid/_annotations.coco.json",
     )
     ds_test = sv.DetectionDataset.from_coco(
-        images_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/test',
-        annotations_path=f'{dataset.location}/test/_annotations.coco.json',
+        images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test",
+        annotations_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/_annotations.coco.json",
     )
 
     ds_train.classes
@@ -102,19 +95,19 @@ instances.
     import supervision as sv
 
     ds_train = sv.DetectionDataset.from_yolo(
-        images_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/train/images',
-        annotations_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/train/labels',
-        data_yaml_path=f'{dataset.location}/data.yaml'
+        images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/train/images",
+        annotations_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/train/labels",
+        data_yaml_path=f"{dataset.location}/data.yaml",
     )
     ds_valid = sv.DetectionDataset.from_yolo(
-        images_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/valid/images',
-        annotations_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/valid/labels',
-        data_yaml_path=f'{dataset.location}/data.yaml'
+        images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/valid/images",
+        annotations_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/valid/labels",
+        data_yaml_path=f"{dataset.location}/data.yaml",
     )
     ds_test = sv.DetectionDataset.from_yolo(
-        images_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/test/images',
-        annotations_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/test/labels',
-        data_yaml_path=f'{dataset.location}/data.yaml'
+        images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/images",
+        annotations_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/labels",
+        data_yaml_path=f"{dataset.location}/data.yaml",
     )
 
     ds_train.classes
@@ -132,16 +125,16 @@ instances.
     import supervision as sv
 
     ds_train = sv.DetectionDataset.from_pascal_voc(
-        images_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/train/images',
-        annotations_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/train/labels'
+        images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/train/images",
+        annotations_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/train/labels",
     )
     ds_valid = sv.DetectionDataset.from_pascal_voc(
-        images_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/valid/images',
-        annotations_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/valid/labels'
+        images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/valid/images",
+        annotations_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/valid/labels",
     )
     ds_test = sv.DetectionDataset.from_pascal_voc(
-        images_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/test/images',
-        annotations_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/test/labels'
+        images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/images",
+        annotations_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/labels",
     )
 
     ds_train.classes
@@ -153,9 +146,7 @@ instances.
 
 ## Split Dataset
 
-If your dataset is not already split into train, test, and valid subsets, you can
-easily do so using the [`sv.DetectionDataset.split`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.split)
-method. We can split it as follows, ensuring a random shuffle of the data.
+If your dataset is not already split into train, test, and valid subsets, you can easily do so using the [`sv.DetectionDataset.split`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.split) method. We can split it as follows, ensuring a random shuffle of the data.
 
 ```python
 import supervision as sv
@@ -174,9 +165,7 @@ len(ds_train), len(ds_valid), len(ds_test)
 
 ## Merge Dataset
 
-If you have multiple datasets that you would like to merge, you can do so using the
-[`sv.DetectionDataset.merge`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.merge)
-method.
+If you have multiple datasets that you would like to merge, you can do so using the [`sv.DetectionDataset.merge`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.merge) method.
 
 === "COCO"
 
@@ -282,10 +271,7 @@ method.
 
 ## Iterate over Dataset
 
-There are two ways to loop over a `sv.DetectionDataset`: using a direct
-[for loop](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.__iter__)
-called on the `sv.DetectionDataset` instance or loading `sv.DetectionDataset` entries
-[by index](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.__getitem__).
+There are two ways to loop over a `sv.DetectionDataset`: using a direct [for loop](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.__iter__) called on the `sv.DetectionDataset` instance or loading `sv.DetectionDataset` entries [by index](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.__getitem__).
 
 ```python
 import supervision as sv
@@ -294,23 +280,17 @@ ds = sv.DetectionDataset(...)
 
 # Option 1
 for image_path, image, annotations in ds:
-    ... # Process each image and its annotations
+    ...  # Process each image and its annotations
 
 # Option 2
 for idx in range(len(ds)):
     image_path, image, annotations = ds[idx]
-    ... # Process the image and annotations at index `idx`
+    ...  # Process the image and annotations at index `idx`
 ```
 
 ## Visualize Dataset
 
-The Supervision library provides tools for easily visualizing your detection dataset.
-You can create a grid of annotated images to quickly inspect your data and labels.
-First, initialize the [`sv.BoxAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BoxAnnotator)
-and [`sv.LabelAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.LabelAnnotator).
-Then, iterate through a subset of the dataset (e.g., the first 25 images), drawing
-bounding boxes and class labels on each image. Finally, combine the annotated images
-into a grid for display.
+The Supervision library provides tools for easily visualizing your detection dataset. You can create a grid of annotated images to quickly inspect your data and labels. First, initialize the [`sv.BoxAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BoxAnnotator) and [`sv.LabelAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.LabelAnnotator). Then, iterate through a subset of the dataset (e.g., the first 25 images), drawing bounding boxes and class labels on each image. Finally, combine the annotated images into a grid for display.
 
 ```python
 import supervision as sv
@@ -351,8 +331,8 @@ sv.plot_images_grid(
     ds = sv.DetectionDataset(...)
 
     ds.as_coco(
-        images_directory_path='<IMAGE_DIRECTORY_PATH>',
-        annotations_path='<ANNOTATIONS_PATH>'
+        images_directory_path="<IMAGE_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
+        annotations_path="<ANNOTATIONS_PATH>",
     )
     ```
 
@@ -366,9 +346,9 @@ sv.plot_images_grid(
     ds = sv.DetectionDataset(...)
 
     ds.as_yolo(
-        images_directory_path='<IMAGE_DIRECTORY_PATH>',
-        annotations_directory_path='<ANNOTATIONS_DIRECTORY_PATH>',
-        data_yaml_path='<DATA_YAML_PATH>'
+        images_directory_path="<IMAGE_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
+        annotations_directory_path="<ANNOTATIONS_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
+        data_yaml_path="<DATA_YAML_PATH>",
     )
     ```
 
@@ -382,29 +362,20 @@ sv.plot_images_grid(
     ds = sv.DetectionDataset(...)
 
     ds.as_pascal_voc(
-        images_directory_path='<IMAGE_DIRECTORY_PATH>',
-        annotations_directory_path='<ANNOTATIONS_DIRECTORY_PATH>'
+        images_directory_path="<IMAGE_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
+        annotations_directory_path="<ANNOTATIONS_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
     )
     ```
 
 ## Augment Dataset
 
-In this section, we'll explore using Supervision in combination with Albumentations to
-augment our dataset. Data augmentation is a common technique in computer vision to
-increase the size and diversity of training datasets, leading to improved model
-performance and generalization.
+In this section, we'll explore using Supervision in combination with Albumentations to augment our dataset. Data augmentation is a common technique in computer vision to increase the size and diversity of training datasets, leading to improved model performance and generalization.
 
 ```bash
-pip install augmentation
+pip install albumentations
 ```
 
-Albumentations provides a flexible and powerful API for image augmentation. The core of
-the library is the [`Compose`](https://albumentations.ai/docs/api_reference/full_reference/?h=compose#albumentations.core.composition.Compose)
-class, which allows you to chain multiple image transformations together. Each
-transformation is defined using a dedicated class, such as
-[`HorizontalFlip`](https://albumentations.ai/docs/api_reference/full_reference/?h=horizontalflip#albumentations.augmentations.geometric.transforms.HorizontalFlip),
-[`RandomBrightnessContrast`](https://albumentations.ai/docs/api_reference/full_reference/?h=horizontalflip#albumentations.augmentations.transforms.RandomBrightnessContrast),
-or [`Perspective`](https://albumentations.ai/docs/api_reference/full_reference/?h=horizontalflip#albumentations.augmentations.geometric.transforms.Perspective).
+Albumentations provides a flexible and powerful API for image augmentation. The core of the library is the [`Compose`](https://albumentations.ai/docs/api-reference/albumentations/core/composition/#Compose) class, which allows you to chain multiple image transformations together. Each transformation is defined using a dedicated class, such as [`HorizontalFlip`](https://albumentations.ai/docs/api-reference/albumentations/augmentations/geometric/flip/#HorizontalFlip), [`RandomBrightnessContrast`](https://albumentations.ai/docs/api-reference/albumentations/augmentations/pixel/transforms/#RandomBrightnessContrast), or [`Perspective`](https://albumentations.ai/docs/api-reference/albumentations/augmentations/geometric/transforms/#Perspective).
 
 ```python
 import albumentations as A
@@ -413,17 +384,16 @@ augmentation = A.Compose(
     transforms=[
         A.Perspective(p=0.1),
         A.HorizontalFlip(p=0.5),
-        A.RandomBrightnessContrast(p=0.5)
+        A.RandomBrightnessContrast(p=0.5),
     ],
     bbox_params=A.BboxParams(
-        format='pascal_voc',
-        label_fields=['category']
+        format="pascal_voc",
+        label_fields=["category"],
     ),
 )
 ```
 
-The key is to set `format='pascal_voc'`, which corresponds to the
-`[x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max]` bounding box format used in Supervision.
+The key is to set `format='pascal_voc'`, which corresponds to the `[x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max]` bounding box format used in Supervision.
 
 ```python
 import numpy as np
@@ -437,15 +407,37 @@ _, original_image, original_annotations = ds[0]
 output = augmentation(
     image=original_image,
     bboxes=original_annotations.xyxy,
-    category=original_annotations.class_id
+    category=original_annotations.class_id,
 )
 
-augmented_image = output['image']
+augmented_image = output["image"]
 augmented_annotations = replace(
     original_annotations,
-    xyxy=np.array(output['bboxes']),
-    class_id=np.array(output['category'])
+    xyxy=np.array(output["bboxes"]),
+    class_id=np.array(output["category"]),
 )
 ```
 
 ![augment-dataset](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-docs/augment-dataset.png)
+
+## Frequently Asked Questions
+
+### What dataset formats does supervision support?
+
+For detection datasets, supervision supports YOLO, COCO JSON, and Pascal VOC. Use `DetectionDataset.from_yolo()`, `from_coco()`, or `from_pascal_voc()` to load, and `as_yolo()`, `as_coco()`, or `as_pascal_voc()` to save. Classification datasets use `ClassificationDataset.from_folder_structure()` and `as_folder_structure()`.
+
+### Can I split a dataset into train/val/test sets?
+
+`DetectionDataset.split(split_ratio=0.8)` returns exactly two datasets: train (80%) and test (20%). If you need a validation set, split one of those subsets in a separate step.
+
+### Can I merge two datasets together?
+
+Yes. `DetectionDataset.merge([dataset_a, dataset_b])` combines multiple datasets into one. Useful for combining datasets from different sources.
+
+### What augmentations are available?
+
+Common augmentations such as flip, rotate, translate, scale, crop, color jitter, and Gaussian blur can be applied using an external library like Albumentations, as shown in the augmentation example above. Supervision does not provide an `sv.Augmenter` pipeline.
+
+## Author
+
+- [Piotr Skalski](https://github.com/SkalskiP) — Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow

docs/how_to/save_detections.md

@@ -1,52 +1,53 @@
 ---
 comments: true
+description: Save object detection results to CSV or JSON with supervision's CSVSink and JSONSink — export predictions for analysis and downstream pipelines.
+authors:
+  - name: Piotr Skalski
+    role: Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
+    github: https://github.com/SkalskiP
+date_modified: 2026-04-22
 ---
 
 # Save Detections
 
-Supervision enables an easy way to save detections in .CSV and .JSON files for offline
-processing. This guide demonstrates how to perform video inference using the
-[Inference](https://github.com/roboflow/inference),
-[Ultralytics](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics) or
-[Transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) packages and save their results with
-[`sv.CSVSink`](/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.CSVSink) and
-[`sv.JSONSink`](/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.JSONSink).
+Supervision enables an easy way to save detections in .CSV and .JSON files for offline processing. This guide demonstrates how to perform video inference using the [Inference](https://github.com/roboflow/inference), [Ultralytics](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics) or [Transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) packages and save their results with [`sv.CSVSink`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.CSVSink) and [`sv.JSONSink`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.json_sink.JSONSink).
 
 ## Run Detection
 
-First, you'll need to obtain predictions from your object detection or segmentation
-model. You can learn more on this topic in our
-[How to Detect and Annotate](/latest/how_to/detect_and_annotate.md) guide.
+First, you'll need to obtain predictions from your object detection or segmentation model. You can learn more on this topic in our [How to Detect and Annotate](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/detect_and_annotate/) guide.
+
+To generate predictions for saving, initialize your model and iterate over video frames using `sv.get_video_frames_generator`. Each frame is passed to the model, and the raw output is converted into a `sv.Detections` object. This detection loop forms the foundation for both CSV and JSON export workflows shown below.
 
 === "Inference"
+
     ```python
     import supervision as sv
     from inference import get_model
 
     model = get_model(model_id="yolov8n-640")
-    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>)
+    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator("<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>")
 
     for frame in frames_generator:
-
         results = model.infer(image)[0]
         detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(results)
     ```
 
 === "Ultralytics"
+
     ```python
     import supervision as sv
     from ultralytics import YOLO
 
     model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")
-    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>)
+    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator("<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>")
 
     for frame in frames_generator:
-
         results = model(frame)[0]
         detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(results)
     ```
 
 === "Transformers"
+
     ```python
     import torch
     import supervision as sv
@@ -54,10 +55,9 @@ model. You can learn more on this topic in our
 
     processor = DetrImageProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
     model = DetrForObjectDetection.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
-    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>)
+    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator("<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>")
 
     for frame in frames_generator:
-
         frame = sv.cv2_to_pillow(frame)
         inputs = processor(images=frame, return_tensors="pt")
 
@@ -67,27 +67,25 @@ model. You can learn more on this topic in our
         width, height = frame.size
         target_size = torch.tensor([[height, width]])
         results = processor.post_process_object_detection(
-            outputs=outputs, target_sizes=target_size)[0]
+            outputs=outputs, target_sizes=target_size
+        )[0]
         detections = sv.Detections.from_transformers(results)
     ```
 
 ## Save Detections as CSV
 
-To save detections to a `.CSV` file, open our
-[`sv.CSVSink`](/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.CSVSink)
-and then pass the
-[`sv.Detections`](/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections)
-object resulting from the inference to it. Its fields are parsed and saved on disk.
+To save detections to a `.CSV` file, open our [`sv.CSVSink`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.CSVSink) and then pass the [`sv.Detections`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections) object resulting from the inference to it. Its fields are parsed and saved on disk.
 
 === "Inference"
+
     ```{ .py hl_lines="7 12" }
     import supervision as sv
     from inference import get_model
 
     model = get_model(model_id="yolov8n-640")
-    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>)
+    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator("<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>")
 
-    with sv.CSVSink(<TARGET_CSV_PATH>) as sink:
+    with sv.CSVSink("<TARGET_CSV_PATH>") as sink:
         for frame in frames_generator:
 
             results = model.infer(image)[0]
@@ -96,14 +94,15 @@ object resulting from the inference to it. Its fields are parsed and saved on di
     ```
 
 === "Ultralytics"
+
     ```{ .py hl_lines="7 12" }
     import supervision as sv
     from ultralytics import YOLO
 
     model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")
-    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>)
+    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator("<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>")
 
-    with sv.CSVSink(<TARGET_CSV_PATH>) as sink:
+    with sv.CSVSink("<TARGET_CSV_PATH>") as sink:
         for frame in frames_generator:
 
             results = model(frame)[0]
@@ -112,6 +111,7 @@ object resulting from the inference to it. Its fields are parsed and saved on di
     ```
 
 === "Transformers"
+
     ```{ .py hl_lines="9 23" }
     import torch
     import supervision as sv
@@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ object resulting from the inference to it. Its fields are parsed and saved on di
 
     processor = DetrImageProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
     model = DetrForObjectDetection.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
-    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>)
+    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator("<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>")
 
-    with sv.CSVSink(<TARGET_CSV_PATH>) as sink:
+    with sv.CSVSink("<TARGET_CSV_PATH>") as sink:
         for frame in frames_generator:
 
             frame = sv.cv2_to_pillow(frame)
@@ -146,22 +146,18 @@ object resulting from the inference to it. Its fields are parsed and saved on di
 
 ## Custom Fields
 
-Besides regular fields in
-[`sv.Detections`](/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections),
-[`sv.CSVSink`](/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.CSVSink)
-also allows you to add custom information to each row, which can be passed via the
-`custom_data` dictionary. Let's utilize this feature to save information about the
-frame index from which the detections originate.
+Besides regular fields in [`sv.Detections`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections), [`sv.CSVSink`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.CSVSink) also allows you to add custom information to each row, which can be passed via the `custom_data` dictionary. Let's utilize this feature to save information about the frame index from which the detections originate.
 
 === "Inference"
+
     ```{ .py hl_lines="8 12" }
     import supervision as sv
     from inference import get_model
 
     model = get_model(model_id="yolov8n-640")
-    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>)
+    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator("<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>")
 
-    with sv.CSVSink(<TARGET_CSV_PATH>) as sink:
+    with sv.CSVSink("<TARGET_CSV_PATH>") as sink:
         for frame_index, frame in enumerate(frames_generator):
 
             results = model.infer(image)[0]
@@ -170,14 +166,15 @@ frame index from which the detections originate.
     ```
 
 === "Ultralytics"
+
     ```{ .py hl_lines="8 12" }
     import supervision as sv
     from ultralytics import YOLO
 
     model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")
-    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>)
+    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator("<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>")
 
-    with sv.CSVSink(<TARGET_CSV_PATH>) as sink:
+    with sv.CSVSink("<TARGET_CSV_PATH>") as sink:
         for frame_index, frame in enumerate(frames_generator):
 
             results = model(frame)[0]
@@ -186,6 +183,7 @@ frame index from which the detections originate.
     ```
 
 === "Transformers"
+
     ```{ .py hl_lines="10 23" }
     import torch
     import supervision as sv
@@ -193,9 +191,9 @@ frame index from which the detections originate.
 
     processor = DetrImageProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
     model = DetrForObjectDetection.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
-    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>)
+    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator("<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>")
 
-    with sv.CSVSink(<TARGET_CSV_PATH>) as sink:
+    with sv.CSVSink("<TARGET_CSV_PATH>") as sink:
         for frame_index, frame in enumerate(frames_generator):
 
             frame = sv.cv2_to_pillow(frame)
@@ -220,21 +218,18 @@ frame index from which the detections originate.
 
 ## Save Detections as JSON
 
-If you prefer to save the result in a `.JSON` file instead of a `.CSV` file, all you
-need to do is replace
-[`sv.CSVSink`](/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.CSVSink)
-with
-[`sv.JSONSink`](/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.JSONSink).
+If you prefer to save the result in a `.JSON` file instead of a `.CSV` file, all you need to do is replace [`sv.CSVSink`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.CSVSink) with [`sv.JSONSink`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.json_sink.JSONSink).
 
 === "Inference"
+
     ```{ .py hl_lines="7" }
     import supervision as sv
     from inference import get_model
 
     model = get_model(model_id="yolov8n-640")
-    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>)
+    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator("<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>")
 
-    with sv.JSONSink(<TARGET_JSON_PATH>) as sink:
+    with sv.JSONSink("<TARGET_JSON_PATH>") as sink:
         for frame_index, frame in enumerate(frames_generator):
 
             results = model.infer(image)[0]
@@ -243,14 +238,15 @@ with
     ```
 
 === "Ultralytics"
+
     ```{ .py hl_lines="7" }
     import supervision as sv
     from ultralytics import YOLO
 
     model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")
-    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>)
+    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator("<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>")
 
-    with sv.JSONSink(<TARGET_JSON_PATH>) as sink:
+    with sv.JSONSink("<TARGET_JSON_PATH>") as sink:
         for frame_index, frame in enumerate(frames_generator):
 
             results = model(frame)[0]
@@ -259,6 +255,7 @@ with
     ```
 
 === "Transformers"
+
     ```{ .py hl_lines="9" }
     import torch
     import supervision as sv
@@ -266,9 +263,9 @@ with
 
     processor = DetrImageProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
     model = DetrForObjectDetection.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
-    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>)
+    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator("<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>")
 
-    with sv.JSONSink(<TARGET_JSON_PATH>) as sink:
+    with sv.JSONSink("<TARGET_JSON_PATH>") as sink:
         for frame_index, frame in enumerate(frames_generator):
 
             frame = sv.cv2_to_pillow(frame)
@@ -284,3 +281,25 @@ with
             detections = sv.Detections.from_transformers(results)
             sink.append(detections, {"frame_index": frame_index})
     ```
+
+## Frequently Asked Questions
+
+### How do I save detections to CSV with supervision?
+
+Open `sv.CSVSink("output.csv")` as a context manager and call `sink.append(detections)` for each frame. The CSV includes box coordinates, confidence, class ID, tracker ID, and any fields stored in `detections.data`.
+
+### Can I save detections to JSON instead?
+
+Yes. Open `sv.JSONSink("output.json")` as a context manager and call `sink.append(detections)` for each frame. The file is written as a JSON array when the context exits.
+
+### Can I add custom fields to the saved output?
+
+Yes. Pass a dict as the second argument: `sink.append(detections, {"frame_index": 5})` — the keys become extra columns in the CSV or extra fields in the JSON.
+
+### Can I save only specific classes or confidence levels?
+
+Filter the `Detections` object before saving: `sink.append(detections[detections.confidence > 0.7])`.
+
+## Author
+
+- [Piotr Skalski](https://github.com/SkalskiP) — Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow

docs/how_to/track_objects.md

@@ -1,23 +1,25 @@
 ---
 comments: true
+description: Track objects across video frames with ByteTrack in supervision — assign persistent IDs and analyze motion from any object detection model.
+authors:
+  - name: Piotr Skalski
+    role: Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
+    github: https://github.com/SkalskiP
+  - name: Soumik Mandal
+    role: ML Engineer, Roboflow
+    github: https://github.com/soumik12345
+date_modified: 2026-04-22
 ---
 
 # Track Objects
 
-Leverage Supervision's advanced capabilities for enhancing your video analysis by
-seamlessly [tracking](/latest/trackers/) objects recognized by
-a multitude of object detection, segmentation and keypoint models. This comprehensive guide will
-take you through the steps to perform inference using the YOLOv8 model via either the
-[Inference](https://github.com/roboflow/inference) or
-[Ultralytics](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics) packages. Following this,
-you'll discover how to track these objects efficiently and annotate your video content
-for a deeper analysis.
+Leverage Supervision's advanced capabilities for enhancing your video analysis by seamlessly [tracking](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/trackers/) objects recognized by a multitude of object detection, segmentation and keypoint models. This comprehensive guide will take you through the steps to perform inference using the YOLOv8 model via either the [Inference](https://github.com/roboflow/inference) or [Ultralytics](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics) packages. Following this, you'll discover how to track these objects efficiently and annotate your video content for a deeper analysis.
 
 ## Object Detection & Segmentation
 
-To make it easier for you to follow our tutorial download the video we will use as an
-example. You can do this using
-[`supervision[assets]`](/latest/assets/) extension.
+To make it easier for you to follow our tutorial download the video we will use as an example. You can do this using the [`supervision.assets`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/assets/) module included in the base package.
+
+This section demonstrates how to detect and segment objects in video frames using YOLOv8 with either the Inference or Ultralytics package. You will download a sample video, define a per-frame callback function that runs model prediction, and process the entire video to produce an annotated output file.
 
 ```python
 from supervision.assets import download_assets, VideoAssets
@@ -31,16 +33,9 @@ download_assets(VideoAssets.PEOPLE_WALKING)
 
 ### Run Inference
 
-First, you'll need to obtain predictions from your object detection or segmentation
-model. In this tutorial, we are using the YOLOv8 model as an example. However,
-Supervision is versatile and compatible with various models. Check this
-[link](/latest/how_to/detect_and_annotate/#load-predictions-into-supervision)
-for guidance on how to plug in other models.
+First, you'll need to obtain predictions from your object detection or segmentation model. In this tutorial, we are using the YOLOv8 model as an example. However, Supervision is versatile and compatible with various models. Check this [link](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/detect_and_annotate/#load-predictions-into-supervision) for guidance on how to plug in other models.
 
-We will define a `callback` function, which will process each frame of the video
-by obtaining model predictions and then annotating the frame based on these predictions.
-This `callback` function will be essential in the subsequent steps of the tutorial, as
-it will be modified to include tracking, labeling, and trace annotations.
+We will define a `callback` function, which will process each frame of the video by obtaining model predictions and then annotating the frame based on these predictions. This `callback` function will be essential in the subsequent steps of the tutorial, as it will be modified to include tracking, labeling, and trace annotations.
 
 !!! tip
 
@@ -75,7 +70,7 @@ it will be modified to include tracking, labeling, and trace annotations.
     import supervision as sv
     from inference.models.utils import get_roboflow_model
 
-    model = get_roboflow_model(model_id="yolov8n-640", api_key=<ROBOFLOW API KEY>)
+    model = get_roboflow_model(model_id="yolov8n-640", api_key="<ROBOFLOW_API_KEY>")
     box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
 
     def callback(frame: np.ndarray, _: int) -> np.ndarray:
@@ -96,11 +91,7 @@ it will be modified to include tracking, labeling, and trace annotations.
 
 ### Tracking
 
-After running inference and obtaining predictions, the next step is to track the
-detected objects throughout the video. Utilizing Supervision’s
-[`sv.ByteTrack`](/latest/trackers/#supervision.tracker.byte_tracker.core.ByteTrack)
-functionality, each detected object is assigned a unique tracker ID,
-enabling the continuous following of the object's motion path across different frames.
+After running inference and obtaining predictions, the next step is to track the detected objects throughout the video. Utilizing Supervision’s [`sv.ByteTrack`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/trackers/#supervision.tracker.byte_tracker.core.ByteTrack) functionality, each detected object is assigned a unique tracker ID, enabling the continuous following of the object's motion path across different frames.
 
 === "Ultralytics"
 
@@ -133,7 +124,7 @@ enabling the continuous following of the object's motion path across different f
     import supervision as sv
     from inference.models.utils import get_roboflow_model
 
-    model = get_roboflow_model(model_id="yolov8n-640", api_key=<ROBOFLOW API KEY>)
+    model = get_roboflow_model(model_id="yolov8n-640", api_key="<ROBOFLOW_API_KEY>")
     tracker = sv.ByteTrack()
     box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
 
@@ -152,11 +143,7 @@ enabling the continuous following of the object's motion path across different f
 
 ### Annotate Video with Tracking IDs
 
-Annotating the video with tracking IDs helps in distinguishing and following each object
-distinctly. With the
-[`sv.LabelAnnotator`](/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.LabelAnnotator)
-in Supervision, we can overlay the tracker IDs and class labels on the detected objects,
-offering a clear visual representation of each object's class and unique identifier.
+Annotating the video with tracking IDs helps in distinguishing and following each object distinctly. With the [`sv.LabelAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.LabelAnnotator) in Supervision, we can overlay the tracker IDs and class labels on the detected objects, offering a clear visual representation of each object's class and unique identifier.
 
 === "Ultralytics"
 
@@ -200,7 +187,7 @@ offering a clear visual representation of each object's class and unique identif
     import supervision as sv
     from inference.models.utils import get_roboflow_model
 
-    model = get_roboflow_model(model_id="yolov8n-640", api_key=<ROBOFLOW API KEY>)
+    model = get_roboflow_model(model_id="yolov8n-640", api_key="<ROBOFLOW_API_KEY>")
     tracker = sv.ByteTrack()
     box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
     label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator()
@@ -234,11 +221,7 @@ offering a clear visual representation of each object's class and unique identif
 
 ### Annotate Video with Traces
 
-Adding traces to the video involves overlaying the historical paths of the detected
-objects. This feature, powered by the
-[`sv.TraceAnnotator`](/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.TraceAnnotator),
-allows for visualizing the trajectories of objects, helping in understanding the
-movement patterns and interactions between objects in the video.
+Adding traces to the video involves overlaying the historical paths of the detected objects. This feature, powered by the [`sv.TraceAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.TraceAnnotator), allows for visualizing the trajectories of objects, helping in understanding the movement patterns and interactions between objects in the video.
 
 === "Ultralytics"
 
@@ -285,7 +268,7 @@ movement patterns and interactions between objects in the video.
     import supervision as sv
     from inference.models.utils import get_roboflow_model
 
-    model = get_roboflow_model(model_id="yolov8n-640", api_key=<ROBOFLOW API KEY>)
+    model = get_roboflow_model(model_id="yolov8n-640", api_key="<ROBOFLOW_API_KEY>")
     tracker = sv.ByteTrack()
     box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
     label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator()
@@ -324,8 +307,7 @@ movement patterns and interactions between objects in the video.
 
 Models aren't limited to object detection and segmentation. Keypoint detection allows for detailed analysis of body joints and connections, especially valuable for applications like human pose estimation. This section introduces keypoint tracking. We'll walk through the steps of annotating keypoints, converting them into bounding box detections compatible with `ByteTrack`, and applying detection smoothing for enhanced stability.
 
-To make it easier for you to follow our tutorial, let's download the video we will use as an
-example. You can do this using [`supervision[assets]`](/latest/assets/) extension.
+To make it easier for you to follow our tutorial, let's download the video we will use as an example. You can do this using the [`supervision.assets`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/assets/) module included in the base package.
 
 ```python
 from supervision.assets import download_assets, VideoAssets
@@ -339,12 +321,11 @@ download_assets(VideoAssets.SKIING)
 
 ### Keypoint Detection
 
-First, you'll need to obtain predictions from your keypoint detection model. In this tutorial, we are using the YOLOv8 model as an example. However,
-Supervision is versatile and compatible with various models. Check this [link](/latest/keypoint/core/) for guidance on how to plug in other models.
+First, you'll need to obtain predictions from your keypoint detection model. In this tutorial, we are using the YOLOv8 model as an example. However, Supervision is versatile and compatible with various models. Check this [link](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/keypoint/core/) for guidance on how to plug in other models.
 
 We will define a `callback` function, which will process each frame of the video by obtaining model predictions and then annotating the frame based on these predictions.
 
-Let's immediately visualize the results with our [`EdgeAnnotator`](/latest/keypoint/annotators/#supervision.key_points.annotators.EdgeAnnotator) and [`VertexAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/keypoint/annotators/#supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexAnnotator).
+Let's immediately visualize the results with our [`EdgeAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/keypoint/annotators/#supervision.key_points.annotators.EdgeAnnotator) and [`VertexAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/keypoint/annotators/#supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexAnnotator).
 
 === "Ultralytics"
 
@@ -381,7 +362,7 @@ Let's immediately visualize the results with our [`EdgeAnnotator`](/latest/keypo
     from inference.models.utils import get_roboflow_model
 
     model = get_roboflow_model(
-        model_id="yolov8m-pose-640", api_key=<ROBOFLOW API KEY>)
+        model_id="yolov8m-pose-640", api_key="<ROBOFLOW_API_KEY>")
     edge_annotator = sv.EdgeAnnotator()
     vertex_annotator = sv.VertexAnnotator()
 
@@ -407,9 +388,9 @@ Let's immediately visualize the results with our [`EdgeAnnotator`](/latest/keypo
 
 ### Convert to Detections
 
-Keypoint tracking is currently supported via the conversion of `KeyPoints` to `Detections`. This is achieved with the [`KeyPoints.as_detections()`](/latest/keypoint/core/#supervision.key_points.core.KeyPoints.as_detections) function.
+Keypoint tracking is currently supported via the conversion of `KeyPoints` to `Detections`. This is achieved with the [`KeyPoints.as_detections()`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/keypoint/core/#supervision.key_points.core.KeyPoints.as_detections) function.
 
-Let's convert to detections and visualize the results with our [`BoxAnnotator`](/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BoxAnnotator).
+Let's convert to detections and visualize the results with our [`BoxAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BoxAnnotator).
 
 !!! tip
 
@@ -454,7 +435,7 @@ Let's convert to detections and visualize the results with our [`BoxAnnotator`](
     from inference.models.utils import get_roboflow_model
 
     model = get_roboflow_model(
-        model_id="yolov8m-pose-640", api_key=<ROBOFLOW API KEY>)
+        model_id="yolov8m-pose-640", api_key="<ROBOFLOW_API_KEY>")
     edge_annotator = sv.EdgeAnnotator()
     vertex_annotator = sv.VertexAnnotator()
     box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
@@ -484,7 +465,7 @@ Let's convert to detections and visualize the results with our [`BoxAnnotator`](
 
 ### Keypoint Tracking
 
-Now that we have a `Detections` object, we can track it throughout the video. Utilizing Supervision’s [`sv.ByteTrack`](/latest/trackers/#supervision.tracker.byte_tracker.core.ByteTrack) functionality, each detected object is assigned a unique tracker ID, enabling the continuous following of the object's motion path across different frames. We shall visualize the result with `TraceAnnotator`.
+Now that we have a `Detections` object, we can track it throughout the video. Utilizing Supervision's [`sv.ByteTrack`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/trackers/#supervision.tracker.byte_tracker.core.ByteTrack) functionality, each detected object is assigned a unique tracker ID, enabling the continuous following of the object's motion path across different frames. We shall visualize the result with `TraceAnnotator`.
 
 === "Ultralytics"
 
@@ -531,7 +512,7 @@ Now that we have a `Detections` object, we can track it throughout the video. Ut
     from inference.models.utils import get_roboflow_model
 
     model = get_roboflow_model(
-        model_id="yolov8m-pose-640", api_key=<ROBOFLOW API KEY>)
+        model_id="yolov8m-pose-640", api_key="<ROBOFLOW_API_KEY>")
     edge_annotator = sv.EdgeAnnotator()
     vertex_annotator = sv.VertexAnnotator()
     box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
@@ -567,7 +548,7 @@ Now that we have a `Detections` object, we can track it throughout the video. Ut
 
 ### Bonus: Smoothing
 
-We could stop here as we have successfully tracked the object detected by the keypoint model. However, we can further enhance the stability of the boxes by applying [`DetectionsSmoother`](/latest/detection/tools/smoother/). This tool helps in stabilizing the boxes by smoothing the bounding box coordinates across frames. It is very simple to use:
+We could stop here as we have successfully tracked the object detected by the keypoint model. However, we can further enhance the stability of the boxes by applying [`DetectionsSmoother`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/smoother/). This tool helps in stabilizing the boxes by smoothing the bounding box coordinates across frames. It is very simple to use:
 
 === "Ultralytics"
 
@@ -616,7 +597,7 @@ We could stop here as we have successfully tracked the object detected by the ke
     from inference.models.utils import get_roboflow_model
 
     model = get_roboflow_model(
-        model_id="yolov8m-pose-640", api_key=<ROBOFLOW API KEY>)
+        model_id="yolov8m-pose-640", api_key="<ROBOFLOW_API_KEY>")
     edge_annotator = sv.EdgeAnnotator()
     vertex_annotator = sv.VertexAnnotator()
     box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
@@ -653,3 +634,26 @@ We could stop here as we have successfully tracked the object detected by the ke
 </video>
 
 This structured walkthrough should give a detailed pathway to annotate videos effectively using Supervision’s various functionalities, including object tracking and trace annotations.
+
+## Frequently Asked Questions
+
+### How do I track objects across video frames with supervision?
+
+Pass `Detections` to `sv.ByteTrack.update_with_detections()` on each frame. The tracker assigns persistent IDs. Combine with `sv.TraceAnnotator` to visualize trajectories. `sv.ByteTrack` is deprecated in favor of `ByteTrackTracker` from the `trackers` package, where the update method is named `update()`.
+
+### What should I know about ByteTrack?
+
+ByteTrack uses low-confidence detections during association, which can improve continuity during missed or weak detections. Supervision's built-in `ByteTrack` wrapper is deprecated in favor of the external `trackers` package.
+
+### Can I track instances instead of bounding boxes?
+
+Yes. ByteTrack tracks bounding boxes. For instance masks, use `sv.MaskAnnotator` with the tracker IDs to color-code each tracked object consistently.
+
+### Does ByteTrack work with any detection model?
+
+Yes. ByteTrack is model-agnostic - it accepts any `Detections` object with bounding boxes, regardless of the supported converter or model output that produced it.
+
+## Authors
+
+- [Piotr Skalski](https://github.com/SkalskiP) — Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
+- [Soumik Mandal](https://github.com/soumik12345) — ML Engineer, Roboflow

docs/index.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ comments: true
 hide:
   - navigation
   - toc
+description: Open-source Python library providing computer vision tools for annotating detections, tracking objects, counting in zones, and processing datasets.
 ---
 
 <div class="md-typeset">
@@ -23,6 +24,14 @@ hide:
     }
 </style>
 
+## What is Supervision?
+
+Supervision is an open-source Python library by Roboflow for building computer vision applications. It provides a unified `Detections` object with converters for supported outputs from Ultralytics, Roboflow Inference, Transformers, SAM, Detectron2, MMDetection, YOLO-NAS, PaddleDet, NCNN, Azure AI Vision, and VLM parsers.
+
+With Supervision you can annotate images and video with bounding boxes, masks, and labels; track objects across frames with persistent IDs; count and filter detections inside polygon zones; load and convert datasets between YOLO, COCO, and Pascal VOC formats; and benchmark model performance with mAP and confusion matrices.
+
+Supervision is MIT licensed, has 38,000+ GitHub stars, and over 1 million monthly PyPI downloads. It is developed in public on GitHub for production computer vision workflows.
+
 ## 👋 Hello
 
 We write your reusable computer vision tools. Whether you need to load your dataset from your hard drive, draw detections on an image or video, or count how many detections are in a zone. You can count on us!
@@ -36,36 +45,29 @@ We write your reusable computer vision tools. Whether you need to load your data
 
 ## 💻 Install
 
-You can install `supervision` in a
-[**Python>=3.9**](https://www.python.org/) environment.
+You can install `supervision` in a [**Python>=3.9**](https://www.python.org/) environment.
 
 !!! example "Installation"
 
     === "pip (recommended)"
-        [![version](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
-        [![downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/supervision)](https://pypistats.org/packages/supervision)
-        [![license](https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/supervision)](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/main/LICENSE.md)
-        [![python-version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/supervision)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
+
+        [![version](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision) [![downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/supervision)](https://pypistats.org/packages/supervision) [![license](https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/supervision)](../LICENSE.md) [![python-version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/supervision)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
 
         ```bash
         pip install supervision
         ```
 
     === "poetry"
-        [![version](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
-        [![downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/supervision)](https://pypistats.org/packages/supervision)
-        [![license](https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/supervision)](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/main/LICENSE.md)
-        [![python-version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/supervision)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
+
+        [![version](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision) [![downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/supervision)](https://pypistats.org/packages/supervision) [![license](https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/supervision)](../LICENSE.md) [![python-version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/supervision)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
 
         ```bash
         poetry add supervision
         ```
 
     === "uv"
-        [![version](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
-        [![downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/supervision)](https://pypistats.org/packages/supervision)
-        [![license](https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/supervision)](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/main/LICENSE.md)
-        [![python-version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/supervision)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
+
+        [![version](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision) [![downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/supervision)](https://pypistats.org/packages/supervision) [![license](https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/supervision)](../LICENSE.md) [![python-version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/supervision)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
 
         ```bash
         uv pip install supervision
@@ -78,18 +80,17 @@ You can install `supervision` in a
         ```
 
     === "rye"
-        [![version](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
-        [![downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/supervision)](https://pypistats.org/packages/supervision)
-        [![license](https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/supervision)](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/main/LICENSE.md)
-        [![python-version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/supervision)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
+
+        [![version](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision) [![downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/supervision)](https://pypistats.org/packages/supervision) [![license](https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/supervision)](../LICENSE.md) [![python-version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/supervision)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
 
         ```bash
         rye add supervision
         ```
 
-
 !!! example "conda/mamba install"
+
     === "conda"
+
         [![conda-recipe](https://img.shields.io/badge/recipe-supervision-green.svg)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/supervision) [![conda-downloads](https://img.shields.io/conda/dn/conda-forge/supervision.svg)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/supervision) [![conda-version](https://img.shields.io/conda/vn/conda-forge/supervision.svg)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/supervision) [![conda-platforms](https://img.shields.io/conda/pn/conda-forge/supervision.svg)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/supervision)
 
         ```bash
@@ -97,6 +98,7 @@ You can install `supervision` in a
         ```
 
     === "mamba"
+
         [![mamba-recipe](https://img.shields.io/badge/recipe-supervision-green.svg)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/supervision) [![mamba-downloads](https://img.shields.io/conda/dn/conda-forge/supervision.svg)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/supervision) [![mamba-version](https://img.shields.io/conda/vn/conda-forge/supervision.svg)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/supervision) [![mamba-platforms](https://img.shields.io/conda/pn/conda-forge/supervision.svg)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/supervision)
 
         ```bash
@@ -104,7 +106,9 @@ You can install `supervision` in a
         ```
 
 !!! example "git clone (for development)"
+
     === "virtualenv"
+
         ```bash
         # clone repository and navigate to root directory
         git clone --depth 1 -b develop https://github.com/roboflow/supervision.git
@@ -120,6 +124,7 @@ You can install `supervision` in a
         ```
 
     === "uv"
+
         ```bash
         # clone repository and navigate to root directory
         git clone --depth 1 -b develop https://github.com/roboflow/supervision.git

docs/javascripts/pycon_copy.js

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+/**
+ * Custom copy handler for Python console (pycon) code blocks.
+ * Strips >>> and ... prompts when copying code examples.
+ */
+document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function () {
+  const COPY_BUTTON_SELECTOR = ".md-clipboard, .md-code__button";
+
+  function handleCopyButtonClick(event) {
+    const copyButton = event.target.closest(COPY_BUTTON_SELECTOR);
+    if (!copyButton) return;
+
+    const codeBlock = findCodeBlockForCopyButton(copyButton);
+    if (!codeBlock) return;
+
+    const rawText = codeBlock.textContent || "";
+    if (!shouldStripPrompts(codeBlock, rawText)) return;
+
+    const strippedText = stripPythonPrompts(rawText);
+    primeClipboardButton(copyButton, strippedText);
+  }
+
+  function handleCopyButtonPointerDown(event) {
+    const copyButton = event.target.closest(COPY_BUTTON_SELECTOR);
+    if (!copyButton) return;
+
+    const codeBlock = findCodeBlockForCopyButton(copyButton);
+    if (!codeBlock) return;
+
+    const rawText = codeBlock.textContent || "";
+    if (!shouldStripPrompts(codeBlock, rawText)) return;
+
+    const strippedText = stripPythonPrompts(rawText);
+    primeClipboardButton(copyButton, strippedText);
+  }
+
+  function handleSelectionCopy(event) {
+    const selection = window.getSelection();
+    if (!selection || selection.rangeCount === 0) return;
+
+    const range = selection.getRangeAt(0);
+    const anchorNode = range.commonAncestorContainer;
+    const codeBlock =
+      anchorNode.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE
+        ? anchorNode.closest("code")
+        : anchorNode.parentElement?.closest("code");
+
+    if (!codeBlock) return;
+
+    const rawText = selection.toString();
+    if (!shouldStripPrompts(codeBlock, rawText)) return;
+
+    event.preventDefault();
+    event.stopPropagation();
+
+    const strippedText = stripPythonPrompts(rawText);
+    event.clipboardData?.setData("text/plain", strippedText);
+  }
+
+  function bindCopyButtons(root) {
+    root
+      .querySelectorAll(COPY_BUTTON_SELECTOR)
+      .forEach((button) => {
+        button.removeEventListener("click", handleCopyButtonClick, true);
+        button.addEventListener("click", handleCopyButtonClick, true);
+        button.removeEventListener(
+          "pointerdown",
+          handleCopyButtonPointerDown,
+          true
+        );
+        button.addEventListener(
+          "pointerdown",
+          handleCopyButtonPointerDown,
+          true
+        );
+      });
+  }
+
+  function observeDynamicCopyButtons() {
+    const observer = new MutationObserver((mutations) => {
+      for (const mutation of mutations) {
+        if (mutation.type !== "childList") continue;
+        mutation.addedNodes.forEach((node) => {
+          if (node.nodeType !== Node.ELEMENT_NODE) return;
+          if (node.matches?.(COPY_BUTTON_SELECTOR)) {
+            bindCopyButtons(node.parentElement || document);
+            return;
+          }
+          if (node.querySelectorAll) {
+            const hasButtons = node.querySelectorAll(COPY_BUTTON_SELECTOR);
+            if (hasButtons.length > 0) {
+              bindCopyButtons(node);
+            }
+          }
+        });
+      }
+    });
+
+    observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });
+  }
+
+  document.addEventListener("click", handleCopyButtonClick, true);
+  document.addEventListener("pointerdown", handleCopyButtonPointerDown, true);
+  document.addEventListener("copy", handleSelectionCopy, true);
+  bindCopyButtons(document);
+  observeDynamicCopyButtons();
+});
+
+function primeClipboardButton(copyButton, strippedText) {
+  copyButton.setAttribute("data-clipboard-text", strippedText);
+  copyButton.removeAttribute("data-clipboard-target");
+  copyButton.setAttribute("data-md-clipboard", "true");
+}
+
+function shouldStripPrompts(codeBlock, rawText) {
+  const hasReplPrompts = /(^|\n)[ \t]*(>>>|\.\.\.)/.test(rawText);
+  return (
+    hasReplPrompts ||
+    codeBlock.classList.contains("language-pycon") ||
+    codeBlock.closest("pre")?.classList.contains("pycon") ||
+    codeBlock.closest(".pycon") !== null ||
+    codeBlock.closest(".highlight")?.classList.contains("pycon")
+  );
+}
+
+function findCodeBlockForCopyButton(copyButton) {
+  const targetSelector = copyButton.getAttribute("data-clipboard-target");
+  if (targetSelector) {
+    const target = document.querySelector(targetSelector);
+    const targetCode = target?.querySelector?.("code") || target;
+    if (targetCode?.tagName?.toLowerCase() === "code") {
+      return targetCode;
+    }
+  }
+  return (
+    copyButton.closest("pre")?.querySelector("code") ||
+    copyButton.parentElement?.querySelector("pre code") ||
+    copyButton
+      .closest(".highlight, .codehilite, .md-typeset__scrollwrap, .md-typeset")
+      ?.querySelector("pre code") ||
+    copyButton
+      .closest(".highlight, .codehilite, .md-typeset__scrollwrap, .md-typeset")
+      ?.querySelector("code")
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Strips Python REPL prompts (>>> and ...) from code text.
+ * Also removes output lines (lines that don't start with >>> or ...).
+ *
+ * NOTE: This is a best-effort parser. It preserves unprompted lines inside
+ * triple-quoted strings, but it does not fully model Python's tokenizer.
+ */
+function stripPythonPrompts(text) {
+  const lines = text.split("\n");
+  const codeLines = [];
+  let inTripleQuotedString = false;
+
+  function toggleTripleQuoteState(sourceLine) {
+    const tripleQuotePattern = /("""|''')/g;
+    const matches = sourceLine.match(tripleQuotePattern);
+    if (!matches) return;
+    if (matches.length % 2 === 1) {
+      inTripleQuotedString = !inTripleQuotedString;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const line of lines) {
+    const trimmedLine = line.trimEnd();
+    // Primary prompt: ">>> "
+    if (trimmedLine.startsWith(">>> ")) {
+      const stripped = trimmedLine.slice(4);
+      codeLines.push(stripped);
+      toggleTripleQuoteState(stripped);
+    }
+    // Continuation prompt: "... "
+    else if (trimmedLine.startsWith("... ")) {
+      const stripped = trimmedLine.slice(4);
+      codeLines.push(stripped);
+      toggleTripleQuoteState(stripped);
+    }
+    // Handle prompts without space after (edge case)
+    else if (trimmedLine === ">>>") {
+      codeLines.push("");
+    }
+    else if (trimmedLine === "...") {
+      codeLines.push("");
+    }
+    else if (inTripleQuotedString) {
+      codeLines.push(trimmedLine);
+      toggleTripleQuoteState(trimmedLine);
+    }
+    // Skip output lines (lines that don't start with prompts)
+    // This intentionally excludes output like "1.0" from the copied text
+  }
+
+  return codeLines.join("\n").trim();
+}

docs/keypoint/annotators.md

@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ comments: true
 
     vertex_annotator = sv.VertexAnnotator(
         color=sv.Color.GREEN,
-        radius=10
+        radius=10,
     )
     annotated_frame = vertex_annotator.annotate(
         scene=image.copy(),
-        key_points=key_points
+        key_points=key_points,
     )
     ```
 
@@ -38,11 +38,11 @@ comments: true
 
     edge_annotator = sv.EdgeAnnotator(
         color=sv.Color.GREEN,
-        thickness=5
+        thickness=5,
     )
     annotated_frame = edge_annotator.annotate(
         scene=image.copy(),
-        key_points=key_points
+        key_points=key_points,
     )
     ```
 
@@ -63,11 +63,11 @@ comments: true
     vertex_label_annotator = sv.VertexLabelAnnotator(
         color=sv.Color.GREEN,
         text_color=sv.Color.BLACK,
-        border_radius=5
+        border_radius=5,
     )
     annotated_frame = vertex_label_annotator.annotate(
         scene=image.copy(),
-        key_points=key_points
+        key_points=key_points,
     )
     ```
 
@@ -77,6 +77,61 @@ comments: true
 
     </div>
 
+=== "VertexEllipseAreaAnnotator"
+
+    ```python
+    import supervision as sv
+
+    image = ...
+    key_points = sv.KeyPoints(...)
+
+    area_annotator = sv.VertexEllipseAreaAnnotator(
+        color=sv.Color.GREEN,
+        sigma=2.0,
+    )
+    annotated_frame = area_annotator.annotate(
+        scene=image.copy(),
+        key_points=key_points,
+    )
+    ```
+
+=== "VertexEllipseOutlineAnnotator"
+
+    ```python
+    import supervision as sv
+
+    image = ...
+    key_points = sv.KeyPoints(...)
+
+    outline_annotator = sv.VertexEllipseOutlineAnnotator(
+        color=sv.Color.GREEN,
+        sigma=2.0,
+        thickness=2,
+    )
+    annotated_frame = outline_annotator.annotate(
+        scene=image.copy(),
+        key_points=key_points,
+    )
+    ```
+
+=== "VertexEllipseHaloAnnotator"
+
+    ```python
+    import supervision as sv
+
+    image = ...
+    key_points = sv.KeyPoints(...)
+
+    halo_annotator = sv.VertexEllipseHaloAnnotator(
+        color=sv.Color.GREEN,
+        sigma=2.0,
+    )
+    annotated_frame = halo_annotator.annotate(
+        scene=image.copy(),
+        key_points=key_points,
+    )
+    ```
+
 <div class="md-typeset">
   <h2><a href="#supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexAnnotator">VertexAnnotator</a></h2>
 </div>
@@ -94,3 +149,21 @@ comments: true
 </div>
 
 :::supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexLabelAnnotator
+
+<div class="md-typeset">
+  <h2><a href="#supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexEllipseAreaAnnotator">VertexEllipseAreaAnnotator</a></h2>
+</div>
+
+:::supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexEllipseAreaAnnotator
+
+<div class="md-typeset">
+  <h2><a href="#supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexEllipseOutlineAnnotator">VertexEllipseOutlineAnnotator</a></h2>
+</div>
+
+:::supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexEllipseOutlineAnnotator
+
+<div class="md-typeset">
+  <h2><a href="#supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexEllipseHaloAnnotator">VertexEllipseHaloAnnotator</a></h2>
+</div>
+
+:::supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexEllipseHaloAnnotator

docs/llms-100k.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+# supervision
+
+> Large-context AI crawler summary for Supervision documentation.
+
+Supervision is an open-source Python library by Roboflow for computer vision workflows. It provides a model-agnostic `Detections` class and composable tools for object detection, instance segmentation, keypoint detection, annotation, tracking, zone counting, dataset conversion, and model evaluation.
+
+Supervision is MIT licensed, published on PyPI, developed on GitHub, and used by researchers and practitioners in production computer vision systems. The library includes converters for supported outputs from Ultralytics, Roboflow Inference, Hugging Face Transformers, SAM, Detectron2, MMDetection, YOLO-NAS, PaddleDet, NCNN, Azure AI Vision, and VLM parsers.
+
+## Primary Links
+
+- Latest stable docs: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/
+- Development docs: https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/
+- Source code: https://github.com/roboflow/supervision
+- PyPI package: https://pypi.org/project/supervision/
+- Changelog: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/changelog/
+- Sitemap: https://supervision.roboflow.com/sitemap.xml
+- Standard LLM summary: https://supervision.roboflow.com/llms.txt
+- Full LLM summary: https://supervision.roboflow.com/llms.full.txt
+
+## AI Access
+
+The documentation is static HTML and is open for AI crawler consumption. `robots.txt` explicitly allows general crawlers plus GPTBot, ClaudeBot, PerplexityBot, Bytespider, CCBot, GoogleOther, and Applebot.
+
+## Install
+
+```bash
+pip install supervision
+```
+
+Optional extras:
+
+```bash
+pip install "supervision[metrics]"
+```
+
+Sample asset utilities are included in the base package under `supervision.assets`.
+
+## Core Concepts
+
+### `sv.Detections`
+
+`sv.Detections` is the central data structure in Supervision. It stores bounding boxes, segmentation masks, confidence scores, class IDs, tracker IDs, and arbitrary per-detection metadata in a `data` dictionary. It supports NumPy-style indexing for filtering by confidence, class, area, and spatial constraints.
+
+Most connectors, annotators, trackers, dataset tools, and metrics either accept or return `Detections`, which makes it possible to change the upstream model while keeping downstream processing code stable.
+
+### Model Connectors
+
+Supervision normalizes outputs from multiple computer vision frameworks into the same `Detections` API. Common constructors include:
+
+- `sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(...)`
+- `sv.Detections.from_inference(...)`
+- `sv.Detections.from_transformers(...)`
+- `sv.Detections.from_vlm(...)`
+- `sv.Detections.from_sam(...)`
+- `sv.Detections.from_detectron2(...)`
+- `sv.Detections.from_mmdetection(...)`
+
+### Annotation
+
+Supervision includes annotators for drawing boxes, masks, labels, traces, zones, vertices, edges, and other overlays on images and video frames. Common annotators include:
+
+- `sv.BoxAnnotator`
+- `sv.MaskAnnotator`
+- `sv.LabelAnnotator`
+- `sv.TraceAnnotator`
+- `sv.PolygonZoneAnnotator`
+- `sv.LineZoneAnnotator`
+
+### Tracking
+
+The built-in `sv.ByteTrack` wrapper assigns persistent IDs across video frames through `update_with_detections()`. The docs also note the migration path toward `ByteTrackTracker` from the external `trackers` package. Tracked detections can be passed to label, trace, zone, and line-counting annotators.
+
+### Zones and Counting
+
+`sv.PolygonZone` checks whether detections are inside an arbitrary polygon. `sv.LineZone` counts line crossings and requires `detections.tracker_id` so objects can be matched across frames. These tools are typically used with video callbacks and annotators to build traffic, occupancy, queue, and throughput analytics.
+
+### Datasets
+
+`sv.DetectionDataset` loads, merges, splits, and converts object detection datasets. Supported formats include YOLO, COCO JSON, and Pascal VOC. `sv.ClassificationDataset` supports folder-structured classification datasets.
+
+### Metrics
+
+Supervision includes detection metrics including mean average precision, mean average recall, precision, recall, F1 score, and confusion matrices. The current mAP workflow uses `supervision.metrics.mean_average_precision.MeanAveragePrecision` with `update(...)` and `compute()`.
+
+## How-To Guides
+
+- Detect and annotate: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/detect_and_annotate/
+- Track objects: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/track_objects/
+- Detect small objects: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/detect_small_objects/
+- Filter detections: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/filter_detections/
+- Save detections: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/save_detections/
+- Count in zone: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/count_in_zone/
+- Benchmark a model: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/benchmark_a_model/
+- Process datasets: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/process_datasets/
+
+## Reference Documentation
+
+- Detections: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/
+- Detection annotators: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/
+- Compact masks: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/compact_mask/
+- Detection converters: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/converters/
+- IoU and NMS: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/iou_and_nms/
+- Boxes: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/boxes/
+- Masks: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/masks/
+- Polygons: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/polygons/
+- Vision-language model helpers: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/vlms/
+- Keypoint core: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/keypoint/core/
+- Keypoint annotators: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/keypoint/annotators/
+- Classification core: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/classification/core/
+- Trackers: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/trackers/
+- Dataset core: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/
+- Mean average precision: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/mean_average_precision/
+- Mean average recall: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/mean_average_recall/
+- Precision: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/precision/
+- Recall: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/recall/
+- F1 score: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/f1_score/
+- Common metric values: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/common_values/
+- Line zone: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/line_zone/
+- Polygon zone: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/polygon_zone/
+- Inference slicer: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/
+- Detection smoother: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/smoother/
+- Detection export sinks: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/
+- Video utilities: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/video/
+- Image utilities: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/image/
+- Iterable utilities: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/iterables/
+- Notebook utilities: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/notebook/
+- File utilities: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/file/
+- Draw utilities: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/draw/
+- Geometry utilities: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/geometry/
+- Assets: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/assets/
+
+## Cookbooks
+
+- Supervision quickstart: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/notebooks/quickstart/
+- Count objects crossing the line: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/notebooks/count-objects-crossing-the-line/
+- Object tracking: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/notebooks/object-tracking/
+- Small object detection with SAHI: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/notebooks/small-object-detection-with-sahi/
+- Zero-shot object detection with YOLO-World: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/notebooks/zero-shot-object-detection-with-yolo-world/
+- Save detections to CSV: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/notebooks/serialise-detections-to-csv/
+- Save detections to JSON: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/notebooks/serialise-detections-to-json/
+- Occupancy analytics: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/notebooks/occupancy_analytics/
+- Annotate video with detections: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/notebooks/annotate-video-with-detections/
+
+## Trust and Contact Pages
+
+- About: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/about/
+- Contact: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/contact/
+- FAQ: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/faq/
+- License: https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/develop/LICENSE.md
+- Issues: https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues
+- Community: https://discord.gg/GbfgXGJ8Bk
+
+## Frequently Asked Questions
+
+### What is Supervision?
+
+Supervision is an open-source Python library by Roboflow for computer vision workflows. It provides a unified `Detections` class with converters for supported detection, segmentation, and VLM outputs.
+
+### Is Supervision tied to one model provider?
+
+No. Supervision is model agnostic. It is designed to normalize model outputs into a common API so downstream annotation, filtering, tracking, metrics, and dataset code can be reused.
+
+### What dataset formats are supported?
+
+For object detection datasets, Supervision supports YOLO, COCO JSON, and Pascal VOC import and export. For classification datasets, it supports folder-structure import and export.
+
+### How do I detect small objects?
+
+Use `sv.InferenceSlicer` to split large images into overlapping tiles, run inference on each tile, and merge the resulting detections with non-maximum suppression or non-maximum merge.
+
+### How do I count objects crossing a line?
+
+Run a tracker first to assign `detections.tracker_id`, then use `sv.LineZone.trigger(detections)` to calculate crossing events. Use `sv.LineZoneAnnotator` for visualization.
+
+### How do I benchmark a model?
+
+Load predictions and ground truth as `Detections`, update a `MeanAveragePrecision` metric object, and call `compute()`. Use `sv.ConfusionMatrix` when class-level confusion analysis is needed.
+
+## Citation
+
+```bibtex
+@software{supervision,
+  author = {Roboflow},
+  title = {Supervision: Computer Vision Toolkit},
+  url = {https://github.com/roboflow/supervision},
+  year = {2023}
+}
+```
+
+## Versioning
+
+`/develop/` is built from the `develop` branch. `/latest/` is built from the `release/latest` branch. Published releases build tag-only documentation paths and do not move `/latest/`.

docs/llms.full.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+# supervision
+
+> Open-source Python library for computer vision — annotate, track, count, filter, and convert.
+
+Supervision is a Python library by Roboflow that provides a model-agnostic `Detections` class and composable tools for object detection and segmentation workflows. It includes converters for supported outputs from Ultralytics, Roboflow Inference, Hugging Face Transformers, SAM, Detectron2, MMDetection, YOLO-NAS, PaddleDet, NCNN, Azure AI Vision, and VLM parsers.
+
+Supervision is MIT licensed, published on PyPI, and developed in public on GitHub.
+
+## AI Access
+
+The documentation is static HTML and open for AI consumption. `robots.txt` explicitly allows general crawlers plus selected AI crawlers.
+
+- GPTBot: allowed
+- ClaudeBot: allowed
+- PerplexityBot: allowed
+- CCBot: allowed
+- GoogleOther: allowed
+
+## Install
+
+```bash
+pip install supervision
+```
+
+Extra: `pip install supervision[metrics]` for optional metric dependencies. Sample asset utilities are included in the base package under `supervision.assets`.
+
+## Links
+
+- GitHub: https://github.com/roboflow/supervision
+- PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/supervision
+- Docs (latest stable): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/
+- Docs (develop): https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/
+- Changelog: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/changelog/
+- Sitemap: https://supervision.roboflow.com/sitemap.xml
+
+## Key APIs
+
+### sv.Detections
+
+Core data structure for bounding boxes, masks, confidence scores, class IDs, tracker IDs, and arbitrary per-detection metadata stored in a `data` dict. The lingua franca of the entire library — every connector, annotator, and tracker accepts or returns `Detections`. Supports NumPy-style boolean indexing for filtering by class, confidence, area, and spatial regions.
+
+### sv.BoxAnnotator, sv.MaskAnnotator, sv.LabelAnnotator
+
+Draw bounding boxes, segmentation masks, and text labels on images. Annotators expose `annotate(scene=..., detections=...)`; pass an input image and a `Detections` object to get the annotated output. `LabelAnnotator` can use explicit `labels` or fall back to `detections["class_name"]`, class IDs, then detection indices. Colors can be assigned by class or manually specified.
+
+### sv.ByteTrack
+
+Object tracker wrapper that assigns persistent IDs across video frames. The built-in `sv.ByteTrack` accepts `Detections` via `update_with_detections()`, but it is deprecated in favor of `ByteTrackTracker` from the external `trackers` package, where the method is named `update()`. Use tracked `Detections` with `sv.TraceAnnotator` to visualize trajectories.
+
+### sv.PolygonZone and sv.LineZone
+
+Zone-based counting. `PolygonZone.trigger(detections)` returns a boolean mask for detections currently inside an arbitrary polygon. `LineZone.trigger(detections)` returns `(crossed_in, crossed_out)` arrays for line crossings and requires `detections.tracker_id` so objects can be matched across frames. Both are commonly paired with zone annotators for visualization.
+
+### sv.DetectionDataset and sv.ClassificationDataset
+
+For detection datasets, load, merge, split, and convert between YOLO, COCO JSON, and Pascal VOC formats. Classification datasets use folder-structure import and export via `ClassificationDataset.from_folder_structure()` and `as_folder_structure()`.
+
+### sv.InferenceSlicer
+
+SAHI-style inference slicing: split high-resolution images into overlapping tiles, run detection on each tile, merge results with non-maximum suppression or non-maximum merge. Configure tile overlap in pixels with `overlap_wh`.
+
+### supervision.metrics.MeanAveragePrecision and sv.ConfusionMatrix
+
+Benchmarking tools. For mAP@0.5:0.95, use `supervision.metrics.MeanAveragePrecision` with `update()` and `compute()` rather than the deprecated top-level `sv.MeanAveragePrecision.from_detections()`. `ConfusionMatrix.from_detections(predictions=predictions, targets=targets, classes=classes)` generates a confusion matrix for detection results.
+
+### sv.CSVSink and sv.JSONSink
+
+Export detection results to structured files. Use `CSVSink` and `JSONSink` as context managers, call `sink.append(detections, custom_data=...)`, and they write one row/object per detection with box coordinates, confidence, class ID, tracker ID, and data fields.
+
+## How-To Guides
+
+- Detect and annotate: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/detect_and_annotate/
+- Track objects: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/track_objects/
+- Detect small objects: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/detect_small_objects/
+- Filter detections: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/filter_detections/
+- Save detections: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/save_detections/
+- Count in zone: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/count_in_zone/
+- Benchmark a model: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/benchmark_a_model/
+- Process datasets: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/process_datasets/
+
+## Reference Documentation
+
+- Detections (detection/core): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/
+- Annotators (detection/annotators): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/
+- CompactMask (detection/compact_mask): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/compact_mask/
+- Format Converters (detection/utils/converters): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/converters/
+- IoU and NMS (detection/utils/iou_and_nms): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/iou_and_nms/
+- Boxes (detection/utils/boxes): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/boxes/
+- Masks (detection/utils/masks): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/masks/
+- Polygons (detection/utils/polygons): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/polygons/
+- VLMs (detection/utils/vlms): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/vlms/
+- Keypoint Core (keypoint/core): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/keypoint/core/
+- Keypoint Annotators (keypoint/annotators): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/keypoint/annotators/
+- Classification Core (classification/core): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/classification/core/
+- ByteTrack Tracker (trackers): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/trackers/
+- Datasets Core (datasets/core): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/
+- mAP (metrics/mean_average_precision): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/mean_average_precision/
+- mAR (metrics/mean_average_recall): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/mean_average_recall/
+- Precision (metrics/precision): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/precision/
+- Recall (metrics/recall): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/recall/
+- F1 Score (metrics/f1_score): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/f1_score/
+- Common Values (metrics/common_values): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/common_values/
+- Line Zone (detection/tools/line_zone): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/line_zone/
+- Polygon Zone (detection/tools/polygon_zone): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/polygon_zone/
+- Inference Slicer (detection/tools/inference_slicer): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/
+- Detection Smoother (detection/tools/smoother): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/smoother/
+- Save Detections Tool (detection/tools/save_detections): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/
+- Video Utils (utils/video): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/video/
+- Image Utils (utils/image): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/image/
+- Iterable Utils (utils/iterables): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/iterables/
+- Notebook Utils (utils/notebook): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/notebook/
+- File Utils (utils/file): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/file/
+- Draw Utils (utils/draw): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/draw/
+- Geometry (utils/geometry): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/geometry/
+- Assets (assets): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/assets/
+
+## Cookbooks
+
+- Object tracking: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/cookbooks/#object-tracking
+- Count objects crossing line: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/cookbooks/#count-objects-crossing-the-line
+- Zero-shot object detection with YOLO-World: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/cookbooks/#zero-shot-object-detection-with-yolo-world
+- SAHI small object detection: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/cookbooks/#small-object-detection-with-sahi
+
+## FAQ
+
+### What is supervision?
+
+Supervision is an open-source Python library by Roboflow for computer vision workflows. It provides a unified `Detections` class with converters for supported detection, segmentation, and VLM outputs, plus tools for annotation, tracking, zone counting, dataset management, and model benchmarking.
+
+### How do I install supervision?
+
+Install with `pip install supervision`. For optional metric dependencies use `pip install supervision[metrics]`. Sample asset utilities are included in the base package under `supervision.assets`. The current package metadata requires Python 3.9+.
+
+### What can I do with supervision?
+
+Annotate images and video with bounding boxes, masks, and labels; track objects across frames with persistent IDs; count detections inside polygon zones or line crossings; filter and query detection results; load, split, and convert detection datasets between YOLO, COCO, and Pascal VOC formats; manage classification datasets with folder structures; and benchmark model performance with mAP and confusion matrices.
+
+### Is supervision free to use?
+
+Yes. Supervision is free and open-source under the MIT license. Source code is at https://github.com/roboflow/supervision.
+
+### Which object detection models work with supervision?
+
+Supervision is model-agnostic and works with supported outputs from Ultralytics YOLO, Roboflow Inference, Hugging Face Transformers, SAM, Detectron2, MMDetection, YOLO-NAS, PaddleDet, NCNN, Azure AI Vision, and VLM parsers such as Florence-2, PaliGemma, Qwen VL, Gemini, DeepSeek VL 2, and Moondream. Keypoint outputs have separate converters, including MediaPipe.
+
+### How do I benchmark a model with supervision?
+
+Use `supervision.metrics.mean_average_precision.MeanAveragePrecision` for mAP — accumulate predictions and ground truth with `update(...)` then call `compute()`. For confusion matrices, use `sv.ConfusionMatrix.from_detections(predictions=predictions, targets=targets, classes=classes)`. See the Benchmark a Model how-to guide for a complete walkthrough.
+
+### How do I track objects across video frames?
+
+Use a tracker to assign persistent IDs. The built-in `sv.ByteTrack` wrapper accepts `Detections` with `update_with_detections()`, but it is deprecated in favor of `ByteTrackTracker` from the external `trackers` package. Combine tracked detections with `sv.TraceAnnotator` to visualize trajectories.
+
+### What dataset formats does supervision support?
+
+For detection datasets, supervision supports YOLO, COCO JSON, and Pascal VOC. Use `DetectionDataset.from_yolo()`, `from_coco()`, or `from_pascal_voc()` to load, and `as_yolo()`, `as_coco()`, or `as_pascal_voc()` to save. For classification datasets, use `ClassificationDataset.from_folder_structure()` and `as_folder_structure()`.
+
+### How do I count objects in a zone?
+
+Use `sv.PolygonZone` for arbitrary polygon zones. Use `sv.LineZone` for line-crossing counts after assigning tracker IDs, because `LineZone` needs `detections.tracker_id` to match objects across frames.
+
+### How do I detect small objects with supervision?
+
+Use `sv.InferenceSlicer` to split high-resolution images into overlapping tiles, run detection on each tile, and merge results with non-maximum suppression. Configure tile overlap in pixels with `overlap_wh`. See the Detect Small Objects how-to guide.
+
+## Benchmarking
+
+Supervision includes `supervision.metrics.MeanAveragePrecision` and `sv.ConfusionMatrix` for benchmarking object detection models. A curated [Model Leaderboard](https://leaderboard.roboflow.com/) compares YOLOv8, YOLOv11, and other models on standard datasets. The leaderboard repository is open source at https://github.com/roboflow/model-leaderboard.
+
+## License
+
+MIT — https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/develop/LICENSE.md
+
+## Citation
+
+```bibtex
+@software{supervision,
+  author = {Roboflow},
+  title = {Supervision: Computer Vision Toolkit},
+  url = {https://github.com/roboflow/supervision},
+  year = {2023}
+}
+```
+
+## Versioning
+
+Stable release docs: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/
+Development branch: https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/

docs/llms.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+# supervision
+
+> Open-source Python library for computer vision — annotate, track, count, filter, and convert.
+
+Supervision is a Python library by Roboflow that provides a model-agnostic `Detections` class and composable tools for object detection and segmentation workflows. It includes converters for supported outputs from Ultralytics, Roboflow Inference, Hugging Face Transformers, SAM, Detectron2, MMDetection, YOLO-NAS, PaddleDet, NCNN, Azure AI Vision, and VLM parsers.
+
+Supervision is MIT licensed, published on PyPI, and developed in public on GitHub.
+
+## AI Access
+
+The documentation is static HTML and open for AI consumption. `robots.txt` explicitly allows general crawlers plus selected AI crawlers.
+
+- GPTBot: allowed
+- ClaudeBot: allowed
+- PerplexityBot: allowed
+- CCBot: allowed
+- GoogleOther: allowed
+
+## Install
+
+```
+pip install supervision
+```
+
+Extra: `pip install supervision[metrics]` for optional metric dependencies. Sample asset utilities are included in the base package under `supervision.assets`.
+
+## Links
+
+- GitHub: https://github.com/roboflow/supervision
+- PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/supervision
+- Docs (latest stable): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/
+- Changelog: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/changelog/
+- Sitemap: https://supervision.roboflow.com/sitemap.xml
+
+## Key APIs
+
+### sv.Detections
+Core data structure for bounding boxes, masks, confidence scores, class IDs, tracker IDs, and arbitrary per-detection metadata stored in a `data` dict. The lingua franca of the entire library — every connector, annotator, and tracker accepts or returns `Detections`. Supports NumPy-style boolean indexing for filtering by class, confidence, area, and spatial regions.
+
+### sv.BoxAnnotator, sv.MaskAnnotator, sv.LabelAnnotator
+Draw bounding boxes, segmentation masks, and text labels on images. Annotators expose `annotate(scene=..., detections=...)`; pass an input image and a `Detections` object to get the annotated output. `LabelAnnotator` can use explicit `labels` or fall back to `detections["class_name"]`, class IDs, then detection indices. Colors can be assigned by class or manually specified.
+
+### sv.ByteTrack
+Object tracker wrapper that assigns persistent IDs across video frames. The built-in `sv.ByteTrack` accepts `Detections` via `update_with_detections()`, but it is deprecated in favor of `ByteTrackTracker` from the external `trackers` package, where the method is named `update()`. Use tracked `Detections` with `sv.TraceAnnotator` to visualize trajectories.
+
+### sv.PolygonZone and sv.LineZone
+Zone-based counting. `PolygonZone.trigger(detections)` returns a boolean mask for detections currently inside an arbitrary polygon. `LineZone.trigger(detections)` returns `(crossed_in, crossed_out)` arrays for line crossings and requires `detections.tracker_id` so objects can be matched across frames. Both are commonly paired with zone annotators for visualization.
+
+### sv.DetectionDataset and sv.ClassificationDataset
+For detection datasets, load, merge, split, and convert between YOLO, COCO JSON, and Pascal VOC formats. Classification datasets use folder-structure import and export via `ClassificationDataset.from_folder_structure()` and `as_folder_structure()`.
+
+### sv.InferenceSlicer
+SAHI-style inference slicing: split high-resolution images into overlapping tiles, run detection on each tile, merge results with non-maximum suppression or non-maximum merge. Configure tile overlap in pixels with `overlap_wh`.
+
+### supervision.metrics.MeanAveragePrecision and sv.ConfusionMatrix
+Benchmarking tools. For mAP@0.5:0.95, use `supervision.metrics.MeanAveragePrecision` with `update()` and `compute()` rather than the deprecated top-level `sv.MeanAveragePrecision.from_detections()`. `ConfusionMatrix.from_detections(predictions=predictions, targets=targets, classes=classes)` generates a confusion matrix for detection results.
+
+### sv.CSVSink and sv.JSONSink
+Export detection results to structured files. Use `CSVSink` and `JSONSink` as context managers, call `sink.append(detections, custom_data=...)`, and they write one row/object per detection with box coordinates, confidence, class ID, tracker ID, and data fields.
+
+## How-To Guides
+
+- Detect and annotate: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/detect_and_annotate/
+- Track objects: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/track_objects/
+- Detect small objects: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/detect_small_objects/
+- Filter detections: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/filter_detections/
+- Save detections: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/save_detections/
+- Count in zone: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/count_in_zone/
+- Benchmark a model: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/benchmark_a_model/
+- Process datasets: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/process_datasets/
+
+## Reference Documentation
+
+- Detections (detection/core): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/
+- Annotators (detection/annotators): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/
+- CompactMask (detection/compact_mask): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/compact_mask/
+- Format Converters (detection/utils/converters): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/converters/
+- IoU and NMS (detection/utils/iou_and_nms): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/iou_and_nms/
+- Boxes (detection/utils/boxes): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/boxes/
+- Masks (detection/utils/masks): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/masks/
+- Polygons (detection/utils/polygons): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/polygons/
+- VLMs (detection/utils/vlms): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/vlms/
+- Keypoint Core (keypoint/core): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/keypoint/core/
+- Keypoint Annotators (keypoint/annotators): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/keypoint/annotators/
+- Classification Core (classification/core): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/classification/core/
+- ByteTrack Tracker (trackers): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/trackers/
+- Datasets Core (datasets/core): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/
+- mAP (metrics/mean_average_precision): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/mean_average_precision/
+- mAR (metrics/mean_average_recall): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/mean_average_recall/
+- Precision (metrics/precision): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/precision/
+- Recall (metrics/recall): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/recall/
+- F1 Score (metrics/f1_score): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/f1_score/
+- Common Values (metrics/common_values): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/common_values/
+- Line Zone (detection/tools/line_zone): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/line_zone/
+- Polygon Zone (detection/tools/polygon_zone): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/polygon_zone/
+- Inference Slicer (detection/tools/inference_slicer): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/
+- Detection Smoother (detection/tools/smoother): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/smoother/
+- Save Detections Tool (detection/tools/save_detections): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/
+- Video Utils (utils/video): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/video/
+- Image Utils (utils/image): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/image/
+- Iterable Utils (utils/iterables): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/iterables/
+- Notebook Utils (utils/notebook): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/notebook/
+- File Utils (utils/file): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/file/
+- Draw Utils (utils/draw): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/draw/
+- Geometry (utils/geometry): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/geometry/
+- Assets (assets): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/assets/
+
+## Cookbooks
+
+- Object tracking: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/cookbooks/#object-tracking
+- Count objects crossing line: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/cookbooks/#count-objects-crossing-the-line
+- Zero-shot object detection with YOLO-World: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/cookbooks/#zero-shot-object-detection-with-yolo-world
+- SAHI small object detection: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/cookbooks/#small-object-detection-with-sahi
+
+## FAQ
+
+### What is supervision?
+
+Supervision is an open-source Python library by Roboflow for computer vision workflows. It provides a unified `Detections` class with converters for supported detection, segmentation, and VLM outputs, plus tools for annotation, tracking, zone counting, dataset management, and model benchmarking.
+
+### How do I install supervision?
+
+Install with `pip install supervision`. For optional metric dependencies use `pip install supervision[metrics]`. Sample asset utilities are included in the base package under `supervision.assets`. The current package metadata requires Python 3.9+.
+
+### What can I do with supervision?
+
+Annotate images and video with bounding boxes, masks, and labels; track objects across frames with persistent IDs; count detections inside polygon zones or line crossings; filter and query detection results; load, split, and convert detection datasets between YOLO, COCO, and Pascal VOC formats; manage classification datasets with folder structures; and benchmark model performance with mAP and confusion matrices.
+
+### Is supervision free to use?
+
+Yes. Supervision is free and open-source under the MIT license. Source code is at https://github.com/roboflow/supervision.
+
+### Which object detection models work with supervision?
+
+Supervision is model-agnostic and works with supported outputs from Ultralytics YOLO, Roboflow Inference, Hugging Face Transformers, SAM, Detectron2, MMDetection, YOLO-NAS, PaddleDet, NCNN, Azure AI Vision, and VLM parsers such as Florence-2, PaliGemma, Qwen VL, Gemini, DeepSeek VL 2, and Moondream. Keypoint outputs have separate converters, including MediaPipe.
+
+### How do I benchmark a model with supervision?
+
+Use `supervision.metrics.mean_average_precision.MeanAveragePrecision` for mAP — accumulate predictions and ground truth with `update(...)` then call `compute()`. For confusion matrices, use `sv.ConfusionMatrix.from_detections(predictions=predictions, targets=targets, classes=classes)`. See the Benchmark a Model how-to guide for a complete walkthrough.
+
+### How do I track objects across video frames?
+
+Use a tracker to assign persistent IDs. The built-in `sv.ByteTrack` wrapper accepts `Detections` with `update_with_detections()`, but it is deprecated in favor of `ByteTrackTracker` from the external `trackers` package. Combine tracked detections with `sv.TraceAnnotator` to visualize trajectories.
+
+### What dataset formats does supervision support?
+
+For detection datasets, supervision supports YOLO, COCO JSON, and Pascal VOC. Use `DetectionDataset.from_yolo()`, `from_coco()`, or `from_pascal_voc()` to load, and `as_yolo()`, `as_coco()`, or `as_pascal_voc()` to save. For classification datasets, use `ClassificationDataset.from_folder_structure()` and `as_folder_structure()`.
+
+### How do I count objects in a zone?
+
+Use `sv.PolygonZone` for arbitrary polygon zones. Use `sv.LineZone` for line-crossing counts after assigning tracker IDs, because `LineZone` needs `detections.tracker_id` to match objects across frames.
+
+### How do I detect small objects with supervision?
+
+Use `sv.InferenceSlicer` to split high-resolution images into overlapping tiles, run detection on each tile, and merge results with non-maximum suppression. Configure tile overlap in pixels with `overlap_wh`. See the Detect Small Objects how-to guide.
+
+## Benchmarking
+
+Supervision includes `supervision.metrics.MeanAveragePrecision` and `sv.ConfusionMatrix` for benchmarking object detection models. A curated [Model Leaderboard](https://leaderboard.roboflow.com/) compares YOLOv8, YOLOv11, and other models on standard datasets. The leaderboard repository is open source at https://github.com/roboflow/model-leaderboard.
+
+## License
+
+MIT — https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/develop/LICENSE.md
+
+## Citation
+
+```bibtex
+@software{supervision,
+  author = {Roboflow},
+  title = {Supervision: Computer Vision Toolkit},
+  url = {https://github.com/roboflow/supervision},
+  year = {2023}
+}
+```
+
+## Versioning
+
+Stable release docs: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/
+Development branch: https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/

docs/metrics/mean_average_precision.md

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 ---
 comments: true
+description: API reference for MeanAveragePrecision — compute mAP for object detection benchmarking with bounding boxes.
 ---
 
 # Mean Average Precision

docs/robots.txt

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+
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docs/theme/cookbooks.html

@@ -11,49 +11,57 @@
       <h1>Supervision Cookbooks</h1>
     </div>
     <div class="custom-grid">
-      <a href="/develop/notebooks/quickstart"> <p class="card repo-card" data-name="Supervision Quickstart" data-labels="ANNOTATOR,DETECTION,SAM"
+      <a href="../notebooks/quickstart/"> <p class="card repo-card" data-name="Supervision Quickstart" data-labels="ANNOTATOR,DETECTION,SAM"
           data-version="v0.26.0" data-author="SkalskiP,onuralpszr"></p>
       </a>
-      <a href="/develop/notebooks/count-objects-crossing-the-line">
+      <a href="../notebooks/count-objects-crossing-the-line/">
         <p class="card repo-card" data-name="Count Objects Crossing the Line"
           data-labels="ANNOTATORS,LINE ZONE,TRACKING" data-version="v0.26.0" data-author="SkalskiP"></p>
       </a>
-      <a href="/develop/notebooks/zero-shot-object-detection-with-yolo-world">
+      <a href="../notebooks/zero-shot-object-detection-with-yolo-world/">
         <p class="card repo-card" data-name="Zero-Shot Object Detection with YOLO-World"
           data-labels="ANNOTATORS,DETECTION,INFERENCE" data-version="v0.26.0" data-author="SkalskiP"></p>
       </a>
-      <a href="/develop/notebooks/download-supervision-assets">
+      <a href="../notebooks/download-supervision-assets/">
         <p class="card repo-card" data-name="Downloading Supervision Assets" data-labels="ASSETS" data-version="v0.18.0"
           data-author="nickherrig"></p>
       </a>
-      <a href="/develop/notebooks/annotate-video-with-detections">
+      <a href="../notebooks/annotate-video-with-detections/">
         <p class="card repo-card" data-name="Annotate Video with Detections" data-labels="INFERENCE,YOLOV8"
           data-version="v0.26.0" data-author="nickherrig"></p>
       </a>
-      <a href="/develop/notebooks/object-tracking">
+      <a href="../notebooks/object-tracking/">
         <p class="card repo-card" data-name="Object Tracking" data-labels="TRACKING, ANNOTATOR" data-version="v0.18.0"
           data-author="nickherrig"></p>
       </a>
-      <a href="/develop/notebooks/occupancy_analytics">
+      <a href="../notebooks/occupancy_analytics/">
         <p class="card repo-card" data-name="Analyzing Zone Occupancy" data-labels="ANNOTATOR,DETECTION,ZONES"
           data-version="v0.26.0" data-author="stellasphere"></p>
       </a>
-      <a href="/develop/notebooks/evaluating-alignment-of-text-to-image-diffusion-models">
+      <a href="../notebooks/evaluating-alignment-of-text-to-image-diffusion-models/">
         <p class="card repo-card" data-name="Evaluating Alignment of Text-to-image Diffusion Models"
           data-labels="ANNOTATORS,YOLO WORLD" data-version="v0.26.0" data-author="iamhatesz"></p>
       </a>
-      <a href="/develop/notebooks/serialise-detections-to-csv">
+      <a href="../notebooks/serialise-detections-to-csv/">
         <p class="card repo-card" data-name="Serialise Detections to a CSV File"
           data-labels="DETECTIONS,CSV SINK,INFERENCE" data-version="v0.26.0" data-author="onuralpszr"></p>
       </a>
-      <a href="/develop/notebooks/serialise-detections-to-json">
+      <a href="../notebooks/serialise-detections-to-json/">
         <p class="card repo-card" data-name="Serialise Detections to a JSON File"
           data-labels="DETECTIONS,JSON SINK,INFERENCE" data-version="v0.26.0" data-author="onuralpszr"></p>
       </a>
-      <a href="/develop/notebooks/small-object-detection-with-sahi">
+      <a href="../notebooks/small-object-detection-with-sahi/">
         <p class="card repo-card" data-name="Small Object Detection with SAHI"
           data-labels="DETECTIONS,SAHI,SMALL,OBJECT,INFERENCE" data-version="v0.26.0" data-author="ediardo"></p>
       </a>
+      <a href="../notebooks/underestand-visitors-with-yolo-world/">
+        <p class="card repo-card" data-name="Understand Visitors with YOLO-World"
+          data-labels="ANNOTATORS,DETECTION,INFERENCE" data-version="v0.19.0" data-author="AdonaiVera"></p>
+      </a>
+      <a href="../notebooks/compact-mask-sam3/">
+        <p class="card repo-card" data-name="Memory-Efficient Instance Segmentation"
+          data-labels="COMPACT MASK,SAM3,SEGMENTATION" data-version="v0.28.0" data-author="Borda"></p>
+      </a>
     </div>
   </div>
 </section>

docs/theme/main.html

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+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "@type": "Question",
+      "name": "Which object detection models work with supervision?",
+      "acceptedAnswer": {
+        "@type": "Answer",
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+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "@type": "Question",
+      "name": "How do I benchmark a model with supervision?",
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+        "@type": "Answer",
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+      }
+    },
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+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "@type": "Question",
+      "name": "What dataset formats does supervision support?",
+      "acceptedAnswer": {
+        "@type": "Answer",
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+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "@type": "Question",
+      "name": "How do I count objects in a zone?",
+      "acceptedAnswer": {
+        "@type": "Answer",
+        "text": "Use sv.PolygonZone for arbitrary polygon zones. Use sv.LineZone for line-crossing counts after assigning tracker IDs, because LineZone needs detections.tracker_id to match objects across frames."
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+    },
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+      "@type": "Question",
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+      }
+    },
+    {
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+}
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+      "@type": "Question",
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+    {
+      "@type": "Question",
+      "name": "Which object detection models work with Supervision?",
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+        "text": "Supervision is model-agnostic. sv.Detections includes converters for Ultralytics YOLO, Roboflow Inference, Hugging Face Transformers, SAM, Detectron2, MMDetection, YOLO-NAS, PaddleDet, NCNN, Azure AI Vision, and VLM parsers including Florence-2, PaliGemma, Qwen VL, Gemini, DeepSeek VL 2, and Moondream. Keypoint outputs have separate sv.KeyPoints converters, including MediaPipe."
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+    {
+      "@type": "Question",
+      "name": "What can I do with Supervision?",
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+        "@type": "Answer",
+        "text": "With Supervision you can annotate images and video, filter detections, track objects, count objects in zones or across lines, load and convert datasets between YOLO, COCO JSON, and Pascal VOC formats, evaluate models with detection metrics, and export predictions for downstream analysis."
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "@type": "Question",
+      "name": "How do I track objects across video frames?",
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+        "@type": "Answer",
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+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "@type": "Question",
+      "name": "What dataset formats does Supervision support?",
+      "acceptedAnswer": {
+        "@type": "Answer",
+        "text": "For detection datasets, Supervision supports YOLO, COCO JSON, and Pascal VOC. Use DetectionDataset.from_yolo(), DetectionDataset.from_coco(), or DetectionDataset.from_pascal_voc() to load datasets, and the matching as_* methods to export them."
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+    },
+    {
+      "@type": "Question",
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+    },
+    {
+      "@type": "Question",
+      "name": "How do I benchmark a model?",
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+        "@type": "Answer",
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+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "@type": "Question",
+      "name": "Is Supervision free to use?",
+      "acceptedAnswer": {
+        "@type": "Answer",
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+      }
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+}
+</script>
+{% endif %}
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+{% for is_not_home in [not page.is_homepage] %}{% if is_not_home %}
+<script type="application/ld+json">
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+  "@type": "BreadcrumbList",
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+      "position": 2,
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+      "item": {{ (page.canonical_url | d(config.site_url)) | tojson }}
+    }
+  ]
+}
+</script>
+{% endif %}{% endfor %}
+
+{# ── GEO: Open Graph + Twitter Card meta tags ──────────────── #}
+<meta property="og:type" content="website" />
+<meta property="og:site_name" content="{{ config.site_name }}" />
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+{# ── API reference schema (detection/ metrics/ datasets/ reference pages) ── #}
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+  }
+}
+</script>
+{% endif %}{% endfor %}
+
+{# Cookbooks FAQ schema ── #}
+{% for is_cookbook in ['cookbook' in page.url] %}{% if is_cookbook %}
+<script type="application/ld+json">
+{
+  "@context": "https://schema.org",
+  "@type": "FAQPage",
+  "mainEntity": [
+    {
+      "@type": "Question",
+      "name": "What computer vision tutorials does supervision offer?",
+      "acceptedAnswer": {
+        "@type": "Answer",
+        "text": "Supervision provides cookbooks for object tracking, zero-shot detection with YOLO-World, small object detection with SAHI-style slicing, occupancy analytics, and line-crossing counts."
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "@type": "Question",
+      "name": "How do I track objects in video with supervision?",
+      "acceptedAnswer": {
+        "@type": "Answer",
+        "text": "Assign persistent tracker IDs before visualizing trajectories. The built-in sv.ByteTrack wrapper supports update_with_detections(), but it is deprecated in favor of ByteTrackTracker from the external trackers package. Combine tracked Detections with sv.TraceAnnotator. See the Object Tracking cookbook."
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+</script>
+{% endif %}{% endfor %}
+
+{# IndexNow ownership key — do NOT change this value.
+   The same key must exist in three places (all must stay in sync):
+     1. This meta tag (docs/theme/main.html)
+     2. The key file at docs/0d5d9799b1cc4a39825146388c6781eb.txt
+     3. The CI step in .github/workflows/publish-docs.yml
+   Bing/Yandex verify ownership by fetching https://supervision.roboflow.com/<key>.txt
+   and comparing its contents to this meta tag before accepting IndexNow submissions. #}
+<meta name="indexnow-key" content="0d5d9799b1cc4a39825146388c6781eb" />
+
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docs/trackers.md

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 ---
 comments: true
+description: API reference for supervision's object trackers — ByteTrack and SORT implementations that assign persistent IDs across video frames.
 ---
 
 # ByteTrack

examples/README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Here, you'll find end-to-end examples that show how to solve common computer vision problems using Supervision.
 
-For more information and examples, visit our [documentation](https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/annotators/) and explore our [how-to guides](https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/how_to/detect_and_annotate/) and [cookbooks](https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/cookbooks/). Join our [Discord](https://discord.com/invite/GbfgXGJ8Bk) and meet other Supervision power users!
+For more information and examples, visit our [documentation](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/) and explore our [how-to guides](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/detect_and_annotate/) and [cookbooks](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/cookbooks/). Join our [Discord](https://discord.com/invite/GbfgXGJ8Bk) and meet other Supervision power users!
 
 - [tracking](./tracking) by [@SkalskiP](https://github.com/SkalskiP)
 - [count people in zone](./count_people_in_zone) by [@SkalskiP](https://github.com/SkalskiP)

examples/compact_mask/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,591 @@
+# CompactMask — Memory-Efficient Mask Storage
+
+This example benchmarks `CompactMask`, a new mask representation introduced in `supervision` that replaces dense `(N, H, W)` boolean arrays with a crop-scoped Run-Length Encoding (RLE). The benchmark demonstrates full API compatibility, massive memory savings, and order-of-magnitude annotation speedups — with no change to your existing `Detections` code.
+
+---
+
+## The Problem
+
+Instance segmentation models return one boolean mask per detected object. `supervision` stores these as a stacked `(N, H, W)` numpy array.
+
+For a 4K image with 1 000 detected objects:
+
+```
+1 000 x 3840 x 2160 x 1 byte = 8.3 GB
+```
+
+At this scale, typical pipelines crash with `MemoryError` before a single frame is annotated. Aerial imagery, satellite tiles, and high-density crowd scenes all hit this wall.
+
+---
+
+## The Solution — Crop-RLE Storage
+
+`CompactMask` stores each mask as a run-length encoding of its **bounding-box crop** rather than the full image canvas.
+
+```
+dense (N,H,W) mask   →   N x crop_RLE + N x (x1,y1) offset
+8.3 GB               →   ~280 KB
+```
+
+The bounding boxes are already present in `Detections.xyxy`, so no extra metadata is required from the caller.
+
+### Theoretical analysis (4K scene, 80x80 px objects, ~65% fill per bbox)
+
+Assumptions used throughout the PR design analysis:
+
+| Parameter              | Value                    |
+| ---------------------- | ------------------------ |
+| Image size             | 4K — 3840x2160 = 8.29 MP |
+| Avg bounding box       | 80x80 px = 6 400 px²     |
+| Fill ratio within bbox | ~65%                     |
+| Avg contour vertices   | ~400 pts                 |
+| Avg RLE runs / mask    | ~240 (3 runs x 80 rows)  |
+
+#### Space comparison
+
+| Format              | Per object     | N=100  | N=1 000    | vs Dense  |
+| ------------------- | -------------- | ------ | ---------- | --------- |
+| **Dense** (current) | 8.29 MB        | 829 MB | **8.3 GB** | 1x        |
+| Local Crop + Offset | 6.4 KB         | 640 KB | 6.4 MB     | 1 300x    |
+| **Crop-RLE** ✓      | ~2 KB          | 200 KB | **2 MB**   | 4 000x    |
+| Polygon ⚠ lossy     | ~3.2 KB        | 320 KB | 3.2 MB     | 2 600x    |
+| memmap              | 8.29 MB (disk) | 829 MB | 8.3 GB     | 1x (disk) |
+
+Crop-RLE beats Local Crop because it only encodes actual pixel runs, skipping the ~35% background pixels within each bounding box.
+
+#### Encode time: dense array → format
+
+| Format              | Complexity                        | N=10    | N=100   | N=1 000   |
+| ------------------- | --------------------------------- | ------- | ------- | --------- |
+| Local Crop + Offset | O(A) — strided slice from xyxy    | ~0.1 ms | ~1 ms   | ~10 ms    |
+| **Crop RLE**        | O(A) — scan crop rows for runs    | ~0.2 ms | ~2 ms   | ~20 ms    |
+| Polygon             | O(P) — `cv2.findContours` on crop | ~2 ms   | ~20 ms  | ~200 ms   |
+| memmap              | O(I) — write 8.29 MB to disk      | ~80 ms  | ~800 ms | ~8 000 ms |
+
+#### Decode time: format → full (H, W) mask
+
+Required by `MaskAnnotator`, `mask_iou_batch`, `merge()`, etc. Dominant cost at 4K is **allocating and zeroing a 8.29 MB array**, which is identical across all in-memory formats once full materialisation is needed.
+
+| Format                | N=10   | N=100   | N=1 000   |
+| --------------------- | ------ | ------- | --------- |
+| Local Crop / Crop RLE | ~3 ms  | ~30 ms  | ~300 ms   |
+| Polygon               | ~5 ms  | ~50 ms  | ~500 ms   |
+| memmap                | ~80 ms | ~800 ms | ~8 000 ms |
+
+#### Decode time: crop-only path (optimised)
+
+When callers need only the bounding-box region — `MaskAnnotator` crop-paint path, `.area`, `contains_holes`, `filter_segments_by_distance`:
+
+| Format              | Complexity                       | N=10     | N=100   | N=1 000   |
+| ------------------- | -------------------------------- | -------- | ------- | --------- |
+| Local Crop + Offset | O(1) — already stored            | ~0 ms    | ~0 ms   | ~0 ms     |
+| **Crop RLE** ✓      | O(A) — expand ~240 runs          | ~0.02 ms | ~0.2 ms | ~2 ms     |
+| Polygon             | O(A) — `fillPoly` on crop canvas | ~2 ms    | ~20 ms  | ~200 ms   |
+| memmap              | N/A — always full-size           | ~80 ms   | ~800 ms | ~8 000 ms |
+
+Crop RLE's `.crop()` method powers the `MaskAnnotator` optimisation — it never allocates the full image canvas, which is the entire source of the annotation speedup.
+
+#### IoU / NMS at 1 % bbox overlap rate (sparse aerial scene)
+
+| Format              | Strategy                              | N=1 000    |
+| ------------------- | ------------------------------------- | ---------- |
+| Dense (current)     | All pairs, 640² pixel AND             | ~10 000 ms |
+| Local Crop + Offset | Bbox pre-filter → pixel IoU           | **~5 ms**  |
+| Crop RLE            | Bbox pre-filter → expand intersection | **~15 ms** |
+
+At N=1 000 with 1 % overlap, bbox pre-filter reduces 499 500 candidate pairs to ~5 000 overlapping pairs — a ~2 000x reduction in pixel-level work.
+
+---
+
+## Why Crop-RLE Was Chosen over Local Crop
+
+Both formats compress extremely well; the deciding factors for Crop-RLE are:
+
+1. **~3x smaller** for masks that are themselves sparse within their bounding box.
+2. **COCO RLE interop path** — crop RLE uses column-major (F-order) pixel scan, matching `pycocotools`; to interoperate, you still need to construct a full-image COCO RLE from the crop-scoped encoding (for example by padding/merging runs onto the full-image canvas, or by materialising the crop in the full image and re-encoding).
+3. `.area` computed directly from run lengths — no materialisation, no allocation.
+
+The main trade-off: crop-only decode is O(A) rather than O(1). For the common solid-fill segmentation mask this is negligible (\<0.1 ms per mask).
+
+---
+
+## Operation-by-Operation Speedup Analysis
+
+This section walks through every `Detections` operation that touches masks and shows exactly why `CompactMask` is faster. All code snippets are taken from the actual implementation. Numbers use the **FHD-200-50%-v600** scenario unless noted (1920 x 1080 image, 200 detections, each mask filling ~50% of the frame, 600-vertex polygons — a realistic hard case with dense fill and complex object boundaries).
+
+At 50% fill on an FHD image each mask's bounding box covers a large portion of the frame, producing many RLE runs per row.
+
+---
+
+### Memory
+
+Dense stores one full-resolution bool array per mask:
+
+```
+N x H x W x 1 byte
+200 x 1080 x 1920 x 1 = 414 MB
+```
+
+Compact stores three lightweight structures:
+
+```python
+self._rles: list[npt.NDArray[np.int32]]  # N Python references to small int32 arrays
+self._crop_shapes: npt.NDArray[np.int32]  # (N, 2) — crop (h, w) per mask
+self._offsets: npt.NDArray[np.int32]  # (N, 2) — (x1, y1) origin per mask
+```
+
+Per-mask RLE size at 50% fill with 600-vertex polygons: ~4.7 KB (933 KB / 200). Per-mask dense size: 1920 x 1080 x 1 = 2.1 MB. Per-mask ratio: 2.1 MB / 4.7 KB = **~445x**.
+
+Scaled to N=200: 200 x 4.7 KB = ~933 KB of RLE data, plus `_crop_shapes` (1.6 KB) and `_offsets` (1.6 KB). Python list + array object overhead roughly doubles the footprint for small N.
+
+| Component       | Dense      | Compact     | Ratio     |
+| --------------- | ---------- | ----------- | --------- |
+| Mask data       | 414 MB     | ~933 KB     | ~445x     |
+| Python overhead | negligible | ~933 KB     | --        |
+| **Total**       | **414 MB** | **~1.9 MB** | **~392x** |
+
+At 5% fill with 8-vertex polygons, the ratio reaches 10 000x–20 000x because crops are tiny and RLEs are extremely short. The benchmark's 4K-200-5%-v8 scenario measures 21 786x (theory) / ~6 000x (malloc). The SAT-200-5%-v8 scenario reaches 62 968x theoretical.
+
+---
+
+### `.area`
+
+Dense `Detections.area` reads every pixel of every mask:
+
+```python
+# detection/core.py — dense path
+return np.array([np.sum(mask) for mask in self.mask])
+# N masks x H x W boolean sums = 200 x 2.1 M = 420 million reads
+```
+
+Compact delegates to `_rle_area`, which sums only the odd-indexed run lengths (the True-pixel runs) in each RLE:
+
+```python
+# detection/compact_mask.py — _rle_area
+return int(np.sum(rle[1::2]))
+```
+
+```python
+# detection/compact_mask.py — CompactMask.area
+return np.array([_rle_area(r) for r in self._rles], dtype=np.int64)
+```
+
+At FHD-200-50%-v600, dense `.area` takes 84.66 ms; compact takes 0.48 ms — a **71x speedup**. At SAT-200-20%-v128 the measured speedup reaches **1 204x** because the dense array is 13.4 GB and each sum must scan the entire canvas.
+
+| Factor                             | Reduction   |
+| ---------------------------------- | ----------- |
+| RLE sums vs full-frame pixel reads | ~4 600x     |
+| int32 arithmetic vs bool reduction | ~2x         |
+| No (H, W) allocation per mask      | latency     |
+| **Combined**                       | **~1 000x** |
+
+---
+
+### `filter` / `__getitem__` (boolean index)
+
+Dense: `masks[bool_array]` triggers NumPy fancy indexing, which allocates a new `(K, H, W)` bool array and copies K full frames:
+
+```python
+# detection/core.py — Detections.__getitem__
+mask = (self.mask[index] if self.mask is not None else None,)
+# For dense ndarray, numpy allocates (K, 2160, 3840) and memcpy's K frames
+```
+
+Compact `CompactMask.__getitem__` converts the boolean index to integer positions and builds a new `CompactMask` from Python list indexing and NumPy fancy indexing on small `(N, 2)` arrays:
+
+```python
+# detection/compact_mask.py — CompactMask.__getitem__
+if isinstance(index, np.ndarray) and index.dtype == bool:
+    idx_arr = np.where(index)[0]
+# ...
+new_rles = [self._rles[int(i)] for i in idx_arr]
+new_crop_shapes: npt.NDArray[np.int32] = self._crop_shapes[idx_arr]
+new_offsets: npt.NDArray[np.int32] = self._offsets[idx_arr]
+return CompactMask(new_rles, new_crop_shapes, new_offsets, self._image_shape)
+```
+
+At FHD-200-50%-v600, dense `filter` takes 14.56 ms; compact takes 0.03 ms — a **500x speedup**. At SAT-200-20%-v128 the speedup reaches **14 757x**.
+
+|             | Dense                   | Compact                             |
+| ----------- | ----------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
+| Data copied | K x H x W (full frames) | K Python references + K x 8 bytes   |
+| Allocation  | new `(K, H, W)` array   | new `CompactMask` shell (~trivial)  |
+| **Speedup** |                         | **hundreds to tens of thousands x** |
+
+---
+
+### `annotate` (`MaskAnnotator`)
+
+Dense: for each mask, `MaskAnnotator` indexes the full `(H, W)` array and applies a boolean mask across the entire scene:
+
+```python
+# annotators/core.py — dense path
+mask = np.asarray(detections.mask[detection_idx], dtype=bool)
+colored_mask[mask] = color.as_bgr()
+```
+
+Each `detections.mask[detection_idx]` for a dense array yields a full `(H, W)` view, and the boolean indexing scans all pixels.
+
+Compact: the annotator detects `CompactMask` and paints only the crop region:
+
+```python
+# annotators/core.py — compact path
+x1 = int(compact_mask.offsets[detection_idx, 0])
+y1 = int(compact_mask.offsets[detection_idx, 1])
+crop_m = compact_mask.crop(detection_idx)
+crop_h, crop_w = crop_m.shape
+colored_mask[y1 : y1 + crop_h, x1 : x1 + crop_w][crop_m] = color.as_bgr()
+```
+
+`compact_mask.crop()` decodes the RLE into a `(crop_h, crop_w)` array. At FHD-200-50%-v600, dense `annotate` takes 848.95 ms; compact takes 32.67 ms — a **22x speedup**. At SAT-200-20%-v128 the speedup reaches **89x**.
+
+| Factor                                             | Reduction           |
+| -------------------------------------------------- | ------------------- |
+| Crop decode vs full-frame boolean index (per mask) | crop-size dependent |
+| No full `(H, W)` allocation per integer index      | latency             |
+| x N masks                                          | compounds           |
+| **Combined**                                       | **~26 – 400x**      |
+
+---
+
+### IoU (`mask_iou_batch` / `compact_mask_iou_batch`)
+
+Dense `mask_iou_batch` on N=200, FHD:
+
+```python
+# detection/utils/iou_and_nms.py — _mask_iou_batch_split
+intersection_area = np.logical_and(masks_true[:, None], masks_detection).sum(
+    axis=(2, 3)
+)
+# shape (200, 200, 1080, 1920) — ~80 billion boolean ops
+# .sum(axis=(2,3)) for intersection counts
+# memory_limit splits this into chunks capped at 5 GB scratch
+```
+
+Compact `compact_mask_iou_batch` — three layered optimisations:
+
+**1. Vectorised bbox pre-filter — O(N²) array ops, zero decoding**
+
+```python
+ix1: npt.NDArray[np.int32] = np.maximum(x1a[:, None], x1b[None, :])
+iy1: npt.NDArray[np.int32] = np.maximum(y1a[:, None], y1b[None, :])
+ix2: npt.NDArray[np.int32] = np.minimum(x2a[:, None], x2b[None, :])
+iy2: npt.NDArray[np.int32] = np.minimum(y2a[:, None], y2b[None, :])
+bbox_overlap: npt.NDArray[np.bool_] = (ix1 <= ix2) & (iy1 <= iy2)
+```
+
+At 5% fill, two random masks overlap with probability ~4%. ~96% of the N² pairs get IoU = 0 for free — no pixel work at all.
+
+**2. Sub-crop decode — compare only the intersection region**
+
+```python
+ox_a, oy_a = int(x1a[i]), int(y1a[i])
+sub_a = crops_a[i][ly1 - oy_a : ly2 - oy_a + 1, lx1 - ox_a : lx2 - ox_a + 1]
+
+ox_b, oy_b = int(x1b[j]), int(y1b[j])
+sub_b = crops_b[j][ly1 - oy_b : ly2 - oy_b + 1, lx1 - ox_b : lx2 - ox_b + 1]
+
+inter = int(np.logical_and(sub_a, sub_b).sum())
+```
+
+The intersection sub-region of two overlapping crops is typically far smaller than the full frame.
+
+**3. Crop caching — each mask decoded at most once**
+
+```python
+if i not in crops_a:
+    crops_a[i] = masks_true.crop(i)
+```
+
+Area is obtained from `_rle_area` (sum odd-indexed runs), never touching the pixel grid:
+
+```python
+areas_a: npt.NDArray[np.int64] = masks_true.area
+```
+
+At FHD-200-50%-v600, dense IoU takes 23 915 ms; compact takes 51.58 ms — a **446x speedup**. At 5% fill / sparse scenarios the speedup is even larger because fewer bbox pairs overlap.
+
+| Factor                               | Reduction       |
+| ------------------------------------ | --------------- |
+| Bbox pre-filter at sparse fill       | 25x             |
+| Sub-crop vs full frame per pair      | ~200x           |
+| Area from RLE, not `sum(axis=(1,2))` | ~10x            |
+| No 5 GB scratch allocation           | latency         |
+| **Combined**                         | **~100 – 500x** |
+
+At 20% fill the gaps close — more pairs overlap, larger crops — speedup drops toward the lower end of the range.
+
+---
+
+### NMS (`mask_non_max_suppression`)
+
+Both dense and compact paths now call `mask_iou_batch(masks, masks)` directly, computing exact mask IoU on the original (unresized) masks. There is no intermediate resize step.
+
+```python
+# detection/utils/iou_and_nms.py — NMS (both paths)
+ious = mask_iou_batch(masks, masks, overlap_metric)
+```
+
+`mask_iou_batch` dispatches internally: when passed a `CompactMask` it calls `compact_mask_iou_batch`, applying all three IoU optimisations (bbox pre-filter, sub-crop decode, crop caching). When passed a dense ndarray it runs the chunked pixel-AND path.
+
+All three IoU optimisations apply to the compact path:
+
+| Factor                                | Reduction                    |
+| ------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
+| Bbox pre-filter eliminates most pairs | 25x at sparse fill           |
+| Sub-crop decode for remaining pairs   | ~200x                        |
+| Area from RLE, not pixel sum          | ~10x                         |
+| **Combined**                          | **same as IoU: ~100 – 500x** |
+
+At FHD-200-50%-v600, dense NMS takes 5 231 ms; compact takes 48.15 ms — a **481x speedup**. Dense IoU/NMS is skipped for scenarios above 1 GB (4K-200 and SAT-200 tiers); compact NMS still runs on those.
+
+---
+
+### `merge` (`Detections.merge`)
+
+Dense: `np.vstack` allocates a new `(N1+N2, H, W)` array and copies both halves:
+
+```python
+# detection/core.py — dense merge path
+return np.vstack([np.asarray(m) for m in masks])
+# Merging two 100-mask sets at FHD: 2 x 100 x 2.1 MB = 414 MB copied
+```
+
+Compact: `CompactMask.merge` extends a Python list and concatenates two small int32 arrays:
+
+```python
+# detection/compact_mask.py — CompactMask.merge
+new_rles: list[npt.NDArray[np.int32]] = []
+for m in masks_list:
+    new_rles.extend(m._rles)
+
+new_crop_shapes: npt.NDArray[np.int32] = np.concatenate(
+    [m._crop_shapes for m in masks_list], axis=0
+)
+new_offsets: npt.NDArray[np.int32] = np.concatenate(
+    [m._offsets for m in masks_list], axis=0
+)
+```
+
+`list.extend` copies N reference pointers. `np.concatenate` on `(N, 2)` int32 arrays copies N x 8 bytes per array.
+
+At FHD-200-50%-v600, dense merge takes 29.71 ms; compact takes 0.03 ms — a **929x speedup**. At SAT-200-20%-v128 the speedup reaches **89 046x**.
+
+|             | Dense                   | Compact                    |
+| ----------- | ----------------------- | -------------------------- |
+| Data moved  | N x H x W (full frames) | N references + N x 8 bytes |
+| Allocation  | new `(N, H, W)` array   | new `CompactMask` shell    |
+| **Speedup** |                         | **effectively free**       |
+
+**Note:** `Detections.merge` calls `is_empty()` on each input. Before the `len(xyxy) > 0` short-circuit was added, `is_empty()` invoked `__eq__` which called `np.array_equal(self.to_dense(), ...)` — materialising the entire `(N, H, W)` CompactMask to dense just to check emptiness. The fix:
+
+```python
+# detection/core.py — Detections.is_empty (fixed)
+if len(self.xyxy) > 0:
+    return False
+```
+
+This O(1) check avoids the O(N x H x W) dense materialisation that previously dominated compact merge time.
+
+---
+
+### `offset` / `with_offset` (`InferenceSlicer` tile stitching)
+
+Dense `move_masks`: allocates a new `(N, new_H, new_W)` array and copies each mask with shifted slice coordinates — O(N x H x W):
+
+```python
+# detection/utils/masks.py — move_masks
+mask_array = np.full((masks.shape[0], resolution_wh[1], resolution_wh[0]), False)
+# ... source/destination slicing logic ...
+mask_array[:, dst_y1:dst_y2, dst_x1:dst_x2] = masks[:, src_y1:src_y2, src_x1:src_x2]
+```
+
+Compact `with_offset(dx, dy)`: vectorised bounds check first. All new bounding-box positions are computed in a single numpy op. When none overflow the new canvas — the common case in `InferenceSlicer` — the RLE data is not touched at all:
+
+```python
+# detection/compact_mask.py — CompactMask.with_offset (fast path)
+new_offsets = self._offsets + np.array([dx, dy], dtype=np.int32)  # O(N) numpy
+needs_clip = (x1s < 0) | (y1s < 0) | (x2s >= new_w) | (y2s >= new_h)
+if not needs_clip.any():
+    return CompactMask(
+        list(self._rles), self._crop_shapes.copy(), new_offsets, new_image_shape
+    )
+```
+
+When a crop does overflow (e.g. object at a tile edge), only that crop is decoded, sliced, and re-encoded. Masks fully outside bounds get a 1x1 all-False stub without any decoding.
+
+At FHD-200-50%-v600, dense offset takes 42.30 ms; compact takes 0.02 ms — a **2 016x speedup**. At SAT-200-20%-v128 the speedup reaches **290 779x**.
+
+|                   | Dense                                  | Compact (no-clip fast path)          |
+| ----------------- | -------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ |
+| Work per mask     | allocate `(new_H, new_W)` + copy H x W | add scalar to offset row — O(1)      |
+| N=200 at FHD      | 200 x 2.1 MB = **414 MB** alloc + copy | two numpy ops on `(N, 2)` int32      |
+| Output allocation | new `(N, new_H, new_W)`                | shared RLE list + new `(N, 2)` array |
+| **Speedup**       |                                        | **effectively free (>1 000x)**       |
+
+In the `InferenceSlicer` pipeline the canvas is always expanded by the tile offset, so no crop ever overflows — the fast path is always taken. Clipping only activates for objects that genuinely straddle the image boundary.
+
+---
+
+### `centroids` (`calculate_masks_centroids`)
+
+Dense: `np.tensordot` reads every pixel of every mask to compute weighted coordinate sums:
+
+```python
+# detection/utils/masks.py — dense centroid path
+vertical_indices, horizontal_indices = np.indices((height, width)) + 0.5
+# np.tensordot(masks, indices, axes=([1, 2], [0, 1]))
+# reads all N x H x W values
+```
+
+Compact: per-crop loop decodes only the bounding-box region and computes centroids within that crop:
+
+```python
+# detection/utils/masks.py — compact centroid path
+crop = masks.crop(i)
+crop_h, crop_w = crop.shape
+x1 = int(masks.offsets[i, 0])
+y1 = int(masks.offsets[i, 1])
+# ...
+crop_rows, crop_cols = np.indices((crop_h, crop_w))
+cx = float(np.sum((crop_cols + 0.5)[crop])) / total + x1
+cy = float(np.sum((crop_rows + 0.5)[crop])) / total + y1
+```
+
+At FHD-200-50%-v600, dense centroids takes 1 133.68 ms; compact takes 60.39 ms — a **13x speedup**. At SAT-200-20%-v128 the speedup reaches **857x** because the dense path must allocate and scan a 13.4 GB array.
+
+| Factor                                    | Reduction           |
+| ----------------------------------------- | ------------------- |
+| Crop area vs full frame (per mask)        | fill-dependent      |
+| No global `np.indices((H, W))` allocation | saves large float64 |
+| **Combined (N=200)**                      | **~19 – 1 000x**    |
+
+---
+
+### Summary
+
+Measured speedups at the **FHD-200-50%-v600** operating point (dense fill, complex polygons — a realistic hard case). Dense baseline = 1x.
+
+| Operation        | Dense cost  | Compact cost | Speedup |
+| ---------------- | ----------- | ------------ | ------- |
+| Memory           | 414 MB      | ~1.9 MB      | ~392x   |
+| `.area`          | 84.66 ms    | 0.48 ms      | 71x     |
+| `filter`         | 14.56 ms    | 0.03 ms      | 500x    |
+| `annotate`       | 848.95 ms   | 32.67 ms     | 22x     |
+| `mask_iou_batch` | 23 915 ms   | 51.58 ms     | 446x    |
+| NMS              | 5 231 ms    | 48.15 ms     | 481x    |
+| `merge`          | 29.71 ms    | 0.03 ms      | 929x    |
+| `with_offset`    | 42.30 ms    | 0.02 ms      | 2 016x  |
+| `centroids`      | 1 133.68 ms | 60.39 ms     | 13x     |
+
+All speedups are larger at sparser fill fractions and larger resolutions. At SAT-200-20%-v128, `.area` reaches 1 204x and `merge` reaches 89 046x. At the sparsest scenarios (5% fill, 8-vertex polygons), memory ratios exceed 60 000x.
+
+---
+
+## Drop-In Compatibility
+
+`CompactMask` implements the same duck-typed interface as `np.ndarray`:
+
+```python
+import supervision as sv
+from supervision.detection.compact_mask import CompactMask
+
+# Build from an existing dense (N, H, W) bool array:
+compact = CompactMask.from_dense(masks_dense, xyxy, image_shape=(H, W))
+
+# Use exactly like a dense mask — no other code changes needed:
+detections = sv.Detections(xyxy=xyxy, mask=compact, class_id=class_ids)
+
+# Filtering, merging, area — all work transparently:
+filtered = detections[confidence > 0.5]
+areas = detections.area  # RLE sum, no materialisation
+merged = sv.Detections.merge([det_a, det_b])
+
+# MaskAnnotator works without any change:
+annotated = sv.MaskAnnotator().annotate(frame, detections)
+
+# Materialise back to dense when you need raw numpy:
+dense_again = compact.to_dense()  # (N, H, W) bool
+```
+
+Supported indexing patterns:
+
+| Expression         | Returns                      |
+| ------------------ | ---------------------------- |
+| `mask[i]` (int)    | Dense `(H, W)` bool array    |
+| `mask[bool_array]` | New `CompactMask` (filtered) |
+| `mask[slice]`      | New `CompactMask`            |
+| `np.asarray(mask)` | Dense `(N, H, W)` bool array |
+
+---
+
+## Benchmark
+
+Run on any machine — no GPU or real model required:
+
+```bash
+uv run python examples/compact_mask/benchmark.py
+```
+
+Six image tiers x three fill fractions (5 / 20 / 50 %) x three vertex counts (8 / 128 / 600):
+
+| Tier    | Resolution | Objects | Dense array | Notes                                |
+| ------- | ---------- | ------- | ----------- | ------------------------------------ |
+| FHD-100 | 1920x1080  | 100     | 0.21 GB     | Full operations including IoU+NMS    |
+| FHD-200 | 1920x1080  | 200     | 0.41 GB     | Full operations including IoU+NMS    |
+| FHD-400 | 1920x1080  | 400     | 0.83 GB     | Full operations including IoU+NMS    |
+| 4K-100  | 3840x2160  | 100     | 0.83 GB     | Full operations including IoU+NMS    |
+| 4K-200  | 3840x2160  | 200     | 1.66 GB     | Dense IoU+NMS skipped (array > 1 GB) |
+| SAT-200 | 8192x8192  | 200     | 13.4 GB     | Dense IoU+NMS skipped (array > 1 GB) |
+
+Dense timing is skipped automatically when the dense IoU/NMS array would exceed 1 GB (`IOU_DENSE_SKIP_GB`), preventing swap thrashing. All dense ops are skipped above 16 GB (`DENSE_SKIP_GB`); no scenario in the current matrix reaches that threshold. Memory is always reported as theoretical `NxHxW` bytes.
+
+### Sample results (macOS, Apple M4 Max, REPS=4)
+
+| Scenario         | Dense mem | Compact theor. | Mem x   | Area x | Filter x | Annot x | IoU x | NMS x | Merge x  | Offset x | Centroids x |
+| ---------------- | --------- | -------------- | ------- | ------ | -------- | ------- | ----- | ----- | -------- | -------- | ----------- |
+| FHD-100-5%-v8    | 207 MB    | 28 KB          | 7 418x  | —      | —        | —       | —     | —     | —        | —        | —           |
+| FHD-100-50%-v600 | 207 MB    | 913 KB         | 227x    | —      | —        | —       | —     | —     | —        | —        | —           |
+| FHD-200-50%-v600 | 415 MB    | 933 KB         | 445x    | 71x    | 500x     | 22x     | 446x  | 481x  | 929x     | 2 016x   | 13x         |
+| FHD-400-5%-v8    | 829 MB    | 60 KB          | 13 937x | —      | —        | —       | —     | —     | —        | —        | —           |
+| 4K-100-5%-v8     | 829 MB    | 53 KB          | 15 554x | —      | —        | —       | —     | —     | —        | —        | —           |
+| 4K-100-20%-v128  | 829 MB    | 586 KB         | 1 415x  | —      | —        | —       | —     | —     | —        | —        | —           |
+| 4K-200-5%-v8     | 1 659 MB  | 76 KB          | 21 786x | —      | —        | —       | —     | —     | —        | —        | —           |
+| SAT-200-5%-v8    | 13 422 MB | 213 KB         | 62 968x | 6 942x | 30 255x  | 204x    | †     | †     | 105 545x | 251 629x | 2 173x      |
+| SAT-200-20%-v128 | 13 422 MB | 2 596 KB       | 5 171x  | 1 204x | 14 757x  | 89x     | †     | †     | 89 046x  | 290 779x | 857x        |
+| SAT-200-50%-v600 | 13 422 MB | 14 222 KB      | 944x    | —      | —        | —       | †     | †     | —        | —        | —           |
+
+- **Compact theor.** — sum of internal numpy buffer `nbytes`
+- **Mem x** — dense / compact theoretical ratio
+- **Area x / Filter x / Annot x / IoU x / NMS x / Merge x / Offset x / Centroids x** — compact speedup over dense for each operation
+- **†** — dense IoU+NMS skipped (dense array > 1 GB); compact still runs and is timed
+- **—** — not shown; full per-scenario tables are printed by the benchmark script
+
+All non-skipped scenarios pass: pixel-perfect annotation, exact area, lossless `to_dense()` roundtrip.
+
+---
+
+## Use-Cases
+
+- **Aerial / satellite imagery** — thousands of small objects on large tiles; dense masks exhaust RAM before inference completes.
+- **High-density crowd / cell segmentation** — N > 500 on FHD already requires several GB of mask storage per batch.
+- **Real-time annotation pipelines** — crop-paint cuts annotation from seconds to milliseconds at 4K resolution.
+- **Long-running tracking** — accumulated `Detections` across many frames stay in kilobytes rather than gigabytes.
+- **`InferenceSlicer`** — `with_offset()` adjusts crop origins directly when stitching tile results; no dense materialisation needed.
+
+---
+
+## Limitations
+
+- `CompactMask` is **not** a full `np.ndarray`. Call `.to_dense()` before passing to code that requires arbitrary ndarray methods (`astype`, `reshape`, `ravel`, `any`, `all`, …).
+- RLE format is **column-major (F-order), crop-scoped** — pixel-scan order matches COCO / pycocotools, but crop scope differs from full-image scope. Use `.to_dense()` to materialize a full-image dense mask, then encode that mask to COCO RLE before passing it to pycocotools.
+- `from_dense()` requires the input `(N, H, W)` array to fit in memory. For truly OOM-scale data, build `CompactMask` per-detection directly from model output crops rather than from a pre-allocated dense stack.
+
+---
+
+## Files
+
+| File           | Description                                      |
+| -------------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
+| `benchmark.py` | Full benchmark across FHD / 4K / satellite tiers |
+| `README.md`    | This file                                        |

examples/count_people_in_zone/README.md

@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
 # count people in zone
 
-[![Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/roboflow-ai/notebooks/blob/main/notebooks/how-to-detect-and-count-objects-in-polygon-zone.ipynb)
-[![YouTube](https://badges.aleen42.com/src/youtube.svg)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_kf9CfZ_8M)
+[![Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/roboflow-ai/notebooks/blob/main/notebooks/how-to-detect-and-count-objects-in-polygon-zone.ipynb) [![YouTube](https://badges.aleen42.com/src/youtube.svg)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_kf9CfZ_8M)
 
 ## 👋 hello
 
-This demo is a video analysis tool that counts and highlights objects in specific zones
-of a video. Each zone and the objects within it are marked in different colors, making
-it easy to see and count the objects in each area. The tool can save this enhanced
-video or display it live on the screen.
+This demo is a video analysis tool that counts and highlights objects in specific zones of a video. Each zone and the objects within it are marked in different colors, making it easy to see and count the objects in each area. The tool can save this enhanced video or display it live on the screen.
 
 https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/assets/26109316/f84db7b5-79e2-4142-a1da-64daa43ce667
 
@@ -21,17 +17,17 @@ https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/assets/26109316/f84db7b5-79e2-4142-a1da-
     cd supervision/examples/count_people_in_zone
     ```
 
-- setup python environment and activate it \[optional\]
+- setup python environment and activate it [optional]
 
     ```bash
-    python3 -m venv venv
-    source venv/bin/activate
+    uv venv
+    source .venv/bin/activate
     ```
 
 - install required dependencies
 
     ```bash
-    pip install -r requirements.txt
+    uv pip install -r requirements.txt
     ```
 
 - download `traffic_analysis.pt` and `traffic_analysis.mov` files
@@ -44,48 +40,33 @@ https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/assets/26109316/f84db7b5-79e2-4142-a1da-
 
 - ultralytics
 
-    - `--source_weights_path` (optional): The path to the YOLO model's weights file.
-        Defaults to `"yolov8x.pt"` if not specified.
+    - `--source_weights_path` (optional): The path to the YOLO model's weights file. Defaults to `"yolov8x.pt"` if not specified.
 
-    - `--zone_configuration_path`: Specifies the path to the JSON file containing zone
-        configurations. This file defines the polygonal areas in the video where objects will
-        be counted.
+    - `--zone_configuration_path`: Specifies the path to the JSON file containing zone configurations. This file defines the polygonal areas in the video where objects will be counted.
 
     - `--source_video_path`: The path to the source video file that will be analyzed.
 
-    - `--target_video_path` (optional): The path to save the output video with annotations.
-        If not provided, the processed video will be displayed in real-time.
+    - `--target_video_path` (optional): The path to save the output video with annotations. If not provided, the processed video will be displayed in real-time.
 
-    - `--confidence_threshold` (optional): Sets the confidence threshold for the YOLO model
-        to filter detections. Default is `0.3`.
+    - `--confidence_threshold` (optional): Sets the confidence threshold for the YOLO model to filter detections. Default is `0.3`.
 
-    - `--iou_threshold` (optional): Specifies the IOU (Intersection Over Union) threshold
-        for the model. Default is `0.7`.
+    - `--iou_threshold` (optional): Specifies the IOU (Intersection Over Union) threshold for the model. Default is `0.7`.
 
 - inference
 
-    - `--roboflow_api_key` (optional): The API key for Roboflow services. If not provided
-        directly, the script tries to fetch it from the `ROBOFLOW_API_KEY` environment
-        variable. Follow [this guide](https://docs.roboflow.com/api-reference/authentication#retrieve-an-api-key)
-        to acquire your `API KEY`.
+    - `--roboflow_api_key` (optional): The API key for Roboflow services. If not provided directly, the script tries to fetch it from the `ROBOFLOW_API_KEY` environment variable. Follow [this guide](https://docs.roboflow.com/api-reference/authentication#retrieve-an-api-key) to acquire your `API KEY`.
 
-    - `--model_id` (optional): Designates the Roboflow model ID to be used. The default
-        value is `"yolov8x-1280"`.
+    - `--model_id` (optional): Designates the Roboflow model ID to be used. The default value is `"yolov8x-1280"`.
 
-    - `--zone_configuration_path`: Specifies the path to the JSON file containing zone
-        configurations. This file defines the polygonal areas in the video where objects will
-        be counted.
+    - `--zone_configuration_path`: Specifies the path to the JSON file containing zone configurations. This file defines the polygonal areas in the video where objects will be counted.
 
     - `--source_video_path`: The path to the source video file that will be analyzed.
 
-    - `--target_video_path` (optional): The path to save the output video with annotations.
-        If not provided, the processed video will be displayed in real-time.
+    - `--target_video_path` (optional): The path to save the output video with annotations. If not provided, the processed video will be displayed in real-time.
 
-    - `--confidence_threshold` (optional): Sets the confidence threshold for the YOLO model
-        to filter detections. Default is `0.3`.
+    - `--confidence_threshold` (optional): Sets the confidence threshold for the YOLO model to filter detections. Default is `0.3`.
 
-    - `--iou_threshold` (optional): Specifies the IOU (Intersection Over Union) threshold
-        for the model. Default is `0.7`.
+    - `--iou_threshold` (optional): Specifies the IOU (Intersection Over Union) threshold for the model. Default is `0.7`.
 
 ## 📌 zone configuration
 
@@ -110,7 +91,7 @@ https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/assets/26109316/f84db7b5-79e2-4142-a1da-
 
     ```bash
     python inference_example.py \
-        --roboflow_api_key <ROBOFLOW API KEY> \
+        --roboflow_api_key "ROBOFLOW_API_KEY" \
         --zone_configuration_path data/multi-zone-config.json \
         --source_video_path data/market-square.mp4 \
         --confidence_threshold 0.3 \
@@ -121,12 +102,6 @@ https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/assets/26109316/f84db7b5-79e2-4142-a1da-
 
 This demo integrates two main components, each with its own licensing:
 
-- ultralytics: The object detection model used in this demo, YOLOv8, is distributed
-    under the [AGPL-3.0 license](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/LICENSE).
-    You can find more details about this license here.
+- ultralytics: The object detection model used in this demo, YOLOv8, is distributed under the [AGPL-3.0 license](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/LICENSE). You can find more details about this license here.
 
-- supervision: The analytics code that powers the zone-based analysis in this demo is
-    based on the Supervision library, which is licensed under the
-    [MIT license](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/develop/LICENSE.md). This
-    makes the Supervision part of the code fully open source and freely usable in your
-    projects.
+- supervision: The analytics code that powers the zone-based analysis in this demo is based on the Supervision library, which is licensed under the [MIT license](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/develop/LICENSE.md). This makes the Supervision part of the code fully open source and freely usable in your projects.

examples/count_people_in_zone/inference_example.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import argparse
 import json
 import os
 
@@ -62,7 +61,10 @@ def initiate_annotators(
 
 
 def detect(
-    frame: np.ndarray, model: RoboflowInferenceModel, confidence_threshold: float = 0.5
+    frame: np.ndarray,
+    model: RoboflowInferenceModel,
+    confidence_threshold: float = 0.5,
+    iou_threshold: float = 0.7,
 ) -> sv.Detections:
     """
     Detect objects in a frame using Inference model, filtering detections by class ID
@@ -73,7 +75,8 @@ def detect(
         model (RoboflowInferenceModel): The Inference model used for processing the
             frame.
         confidence_threshold (float): The confidence threshold for filtering
-            detections. Default is 0.5.
+            detections.
+        iou_threshold (float): The IoU threshold for non-maximum suppression.
 
     Returns:
         sv.Detections: Filtered detections after processing the frame with the Inference
@@ -83,7 +86,7 @@ def detect(
         This function is specifically tailored for an Inference model and assumes class
         ID 0 for filtering.
     """
-    results = model.infer(frame)[0]
+    results = model.infer(frame, confidence=confidence_threshold, iou=iou_threshold)[0]
     detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(results)
     filter_by_class = detections.class_id == 0
     filter_by_confidence = detections.confidence > confidence_threshold
@@ -124,78 +127,49 @@ def annotate(
     return annotated_frame
 
 
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="Counting people in zones with Inference and Supervision"
-    )
+def main(
+    zone_configuration_path: str,
+    source_video_path: str,
+    model_id: str = "yolov8x-1280",
+    roboflow_api_key: str | None = None,
+    target_video_path: str | None = None,
+    confidence_threshold: float = 0.3,
+    iou_threshold: float = 0.7,
+):
+    """
+    Counting people in zones with Inference and Supervision.
 
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--zone_configuration_path",
-        required=True,
-        help="Path to the zone configuration JSON file",
-        type=str,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--model_id",
-        default="yolov8x-1280",
-        help="Roboflow model ID",
-        type=str,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--roboflow_api_key",
-        default=None,
-        help="Roboflow API KEY",
-        type=str,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--source_video_path",
-        required=True,
-        help="Path to the source video file",
-        type=str,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--target_video_path",
-        default=None,
-        help="Path to the target video file (output)",
-        type=str,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--confidence_threshold",
-        default=0.3,
-        help="Confidence threshold for the model",
-        type=float,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--iou_threshold",
-        default=0.7,
-        help="IOU threshold for the model",
-        type=float,
-    )
-
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-
-    api_key = args.roboflow_api_key
+    Args:
+        zone_configuration_path: Path to the zone configuration JSON file
+        source_video_path: Path to the source video file
+        model_id: Roboflow model ID
+        roboflow_api_key: Roboflow API KEY
+        target_video_path: Path to the target video file (output)
+        confidence_threshold: Confidence threshold for the model
+        iou_threshold: IOU threshold for the model
+    """
+    api_key = roboflow_api_key
     api_key = os.environ.get("ROBOFLOW_API_KEY", api_key)
     if api_key is None:
         raise ValueError(
             "Roboflow API key is missing. Please provide it as an argument or set the "
             "ROBOFLOW_API_KEY environment variable."
         )
-    args.roboflow_api_key = api_key
+    roboflow_api_key = api_key
 
-    video_info = sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(args.source_video_path)
-    polygons = load_zones_config(args.zone_configuration_path)
+    video_info = sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(source_video_path)
+    polygons = load_zones_config(zone_configuration_path)
     zones, zone_annotators, box_annotators = initiate_annotators(
         polygons=polygons, resolution_wh=video_info.resolution_wh
     )
 
-    model = get_roboflow_model(model_id=args.model_id, api_key=args.roboflow_api_key)
+    model = get_roboflow_model(model_id=model_id, api_key=roboflow_api_key)
 
-    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(args.source_video_path)
-    if args.target_video_path is not None:
-        with sv.VideoSink(args.target_video_path, video_info) as sink:
+    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(source_video_path)
+    if target_video_path is not None:
+        with sv.VideoSink(target_video_path, video_info) as sink:
             for frame in tqdm(frames_generator, total=video_info.total_frames):
-                detections = detect(frame, model, args.confidence_threshold)
+                detections = detect(frame, model, confidence_threshold, iou_threshold)
                 annotated_frame = annotate(
                     frame=frame,
                     zones=zones,
@@ -206,7 +180,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
                 sink.write_frame(annotated_frame)
     else:
         for frame in tqdm(frames_generator, total=video_info.total_frames):
-            detections = detect(frame, model, args.confidence_threshold)
+            detections = detect(frame, model, confidence_threshold, iou_threshold)
             annotated_frame = annotate(
                 frame=frame,
                 zones=zones,
@@ -219,3 +193,10 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
                 break
 
         cv2.destroyAllWindows()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from jsonargparse import auto_cli, set_parsing_settings
+
+    set_parsing_settings(parse_optionals_as_positionals=True)
+    auto_cli(main, as_positional=False)

examples/count_people_in_zone/requirements.txt

@@ -3,3 +3,4 @@ inference
 supervision
 tqdm
 ultralytics
+jsonargparse[signatures]

examples/count_people_in_zone/ultralytics_example.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import argparse
 import json
 
 import cv2
@@ -60,7 +59,10 @@ def initiate_annotators(
 
 
 def detect(
-    frame: np.ndarray, model: YOLO, confidence_threshold: float = 0.5
+    frame: np.ndarray,
+    model: YOLO,
+    confidence_threshold: float = 0.5,
+    iou_threshold: float = 0.7,
 ) -> sv.Detections:
     """
     Detect objects in a frame using a YOLO model, filtering detections by class ID and
@@ -71,6 +73,7 @@ def detect(
         model (YOLO): The YOLO model used for processing the frame.
         confidence_threshold (float): The confidence threshold for filtering
             detections. Default is 0.5.
+        iou_threshold (float): The IoU threshold for non-maximum suppression.
 
     Returns:
         sv.Detections: Filtered detections after processing the frame with the YOLO
@@ -80,7 +83,9 @@ def detect(
         This function is specifically tailored for a YOLO model and assumes class ID 0
             for filtering.
     """
-    results = model(frame, imgsz=1280, verbose=False)[0]
+    results = model(
+        frame, conf=confidence_threshold, iou=iou_threshold, imgsz=1280, verbose=False
+    )[0]
     detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(results)
     filter_by_class = detections.class_id == 0
     filter_by_confidence = detections.confidence > confidence_threshold
@@ -121,63 +126,38 @@ def annotate(
     return annotated_frame
 
 
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="Counting people in zones with YOLO and Supervision"
-    )
+def main(
+    zone_configuration_path: str,
+    source_video_path: str,
+    source_weights_path: str = "yolo11x.pt",
+    target_video_path: str | None = None,
+    confidence_threshold: float = 0.3,
+    iou_threshold: float = 0.7,
+):
+    """
+    Counting people in zones with YOLO and Supervision.
 
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--zone_configuration_path",
-        required=True,
-        help="Path to the zone configuration JSON file",
-        type=str,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--source_weights_path",
-        default="yolo11x.pt",
-        help="Path to the source weights file",
-        type=str,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--source_video_path",
-        required=True,
-        help="Path to the source video file",
-        type=str,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--target_video_path",
-        default=None,
-        help="Path to the target video file (output)",
-        type=str,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--confidence_threshold",
-        default=0.3,
-        help="Confidence threshold for the model",
-        type=float,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--iou_threshold",
-        default=0.7,
-        help="IOU threshold for the model",
-        type=float,
-    )
-
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-
-    video_info = sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(args.source_video_path)
-    polygons = load_zones_config(args.zone_configuration_path)
+    Args:
+        zone_configuration_path: Path to the zone configuration JSON file
+        source_video_path: Path to the source video file
+        source_weights_path: Path to the source weights file
+        target_video_path: Path to the target video file (output)
+        confidence_threshold: Confidence threshold for the model
+        iou_threshold: IOU threshold for the model
+    """
+    video_info = sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(source_video_path)
+    polygons = load_zones_config(zone_configuration_path)
     zones, zone_annotators, box_annotators = initiate_annotators(
         polygons=polygons, resolution_wh=video_info.resolution_wh
     )
 
-    model = YOLO(args.source_weights_path)
+    model = YOLO(source_weights_path)
 
-    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(args.source_video_path)
-    if args.target_video_path is not None:
-        with sv.VideoSink(args.target_video_path, video_info) as sink:
+    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(source_video_path)
+    if target_video_path is not None:
+        with sv.VideoSink(target_video_path, video_info) as sink:
             for frame in tqdm(frames_generator, total=video_info.total_frames):
-                detections = detect(frame, model, args.confidence_threshold)
+                detections = detect(frame, model, confidence_threshold, iou_threshold)
                 annotated_frame = annotate(
                     frame=frame,
                     zones=zones,
@@ -188,7 +168,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
                 sink.write_frame(annotated_frame)
     else:
         for frame in tqdm(frames_generator, total=video_info.total_frames):
-            detections = detect(frame, model, args.confidence_threshold)
+            detections = detect(frame, model, confidence_threshold, iou_threshold)
             annotated_frame = annotate(
                 frame=frame,
                 zones=zones,
@@ -201,3 +181,10 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
                 break
 
         cv2.destroyAllWindows()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from jsonargparse import auto_cli, set_parsing_settings
+
+    set_parsing_settings(parse_optionals_as_positionals=True)
+    auto_cli(main, as_positional=False)

examples/heatmap_and_track/README.md

@@ -2,9 +2,7 @@
 
 ## 👋 hello
 
-This script performs heatmap and tracking analysis using YOLOv8, an object-detection method and
-ByteTrack, a simple yet effective online multi-object tracking method. It uses the
-supervision package for multiple tasks such as drawing heatmap annotations, tracking objects, etc.
+This script performs heatmap and tracking analysis using YOLOv8, an object-detection method and ByteTrack, a simple yet effective online multi-object tracking method. It uses the supervision package for multiple tasks such as drawing heatmap annotations, tracking objects, etc.
 
 ## 💻 install
 
@@ -15,38 +13,31 @@ supervision package for multiple tasks such as drawing heatmap annotations, trac
     cd supervision/examples/heatmap_and_track
     ```
 
-- setup python environment and activate it \[optional\]
+- setup python environment and activate it [optional]
 
     ```bash
-    python3 -m venv venv
-    source venv/bin/activate
+    uv venv
+    source .venv/bin/activate
     ```
 
 - install required dependencies
 
     ```bash
-    pip install -r requirements.txt
+    uv pip install -r requirements.txt
     ```
 
 ## 🛠️ script arguments
 
-- `--source_weights_path`: Required. Specifies the path to the weights file for the
-    YOLO model. This file contains the trained model data necessary for object detection.
-- `--source_video_path` (optional): The path to the source video file that will be
-    analyzed. This is the input video on which crowd analysis will be performed.
-    If not specified default is `people-walking.mp4` from supervision assets
+- `--source_weights_path`: Required. Specifies the path to the weights file for the YOLO model. This file contains the trained model data necessary for object detection.
+- `--source_video_path` (optional): The path to the source video file that will be analyzed. This is the input video on which crowd analysis will be performed. If not specified default is `people-walking.mp4` from supervision assets
 - `--target_video_path` (optional): The path to save the output.mp4 video with annotations.
-- `--confidence_threshold` (optional): Sets the confidence threshold for the YOLO model
-    to filter detections. Default is `0.3`. This determines how confident the model should
-    be to recognize an object in the video.
-- `--iou_threshold` (optional): Specifies the IOU (Intersection Over Union) threshold
-    for the model. Default is 0.7. This value is used to manage object detection accuracy,
-    particularly in distinguishing between different objects.
+- `--confidence_threshold` (optional): Sets the confidence threshold for the YOLO model to filter detections. Default is `0.3`. This determines how confident the model should be to recognize an object in the video.
+- `--iou_threshold` (optional): Specifies the IOU (Intersection Over Union) threshold for the model. Default is 0.7. This value is used to manage object detection accuracy, particularly in distinguishing between different objects.
 - `--heatmap_alpha` (optional): Opacity of the overlay mask, between 0 and 1.
 - `--radius` (optional): Radius of the heat circle.
-- `--track_threshold` (optional): Detection confidence threshold for track activation.
+- `--track_activation_threshold` (optional): Detection confidence threshold for track activation.
 - `--track_seconds` (optional): Number of seconds to buffer when a track is lost.
-- `--match_threshold` (optional): Threshold for matching tracks with detections.
+- `--minimum_matching_threshold` (optional): Threshold for matching tracks with detections.
 
 ## ⚙️ run
 
@@ -63,12 +54,6 @@ python script.py \
 
 This demo integrates two main components, each with its own licensing:
 
-- ultralytics: The object detection model used in this demo, YOLOv8, is distributed
-    under the [AGPL-3.0 license](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/LICENSE).
-    You can find more details about this license here.
+- ultralytics: The object detection model used in this demo, YOLOv8, is distributed under the [AGPL-3.0 license](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/LICENSE). You can find more details about this license here.
 
-- supervision: The analytics code that powers the zone-based analysis in this demo is
-    based on the Supervision library, which is licensed under the
-    [MIT license](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/develop/LICENSE.md). This
-    makes the Supervision part of the code fully open source and freely usable in your
-    projects.
+- supervision: The analytics code that powers the zone-based analysis in this demo is based on the Supervision library, which is licensed under the [MIT license](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/develop/LICENSE.md). This makes the Supervision part of the code fully open source and freely usable in your projects.

examples/heatmap_and_track/requirements.txt

@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 supervision
 ultralytics
+jsonargparse[signatures]

examples/heatmap_and_track/script.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import argparse
+from typing import Optional
 
 import cv2
 from ultralytics import YOLO
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ def download_video() -> str:
     return VideoAssets.PEOPLE_WALKING.value
 
 
-def heatmap_and_track(
+def main(
     source_weights_path: str,
-    source_video_path: str,
-    target_video_path: str,
+    source_video_path: Optional[str] = None,
+    target_video_path: str = "output.mp4",
     confidence_threshold: float = 0.35,
     iou_threshold: float = 0.5,
     heatmap_alpha: float = 0.5,
@@ -24,8 +24,24 @@ def heatmap_and_track(
     track_seconds: int = 5,
     minimum_matching_threshold: float = 0.99,
 ) -> None:
+    """
+    Heatmap and Tracking with Supervision.
+
+    Args:
+        source_weights_path: Path to the source weights file
+        source_video_path: Path to the source video file
+        target_video_path: Path to the target video file
+        confidence_threshold: Confidence threshold for the model
+        iou_threshold: IOU threshold for the model
+        heatmap_alpha: Opacity of the overlay mask, between 0 and 1
+        radius: Radius of the heat circle
+        track_activation_threshold: Detection confidence threshold for track activation
+        track_seconds: Number of seconds to buffer when a track is lost
+        minimum_matching_threshold: Threshold for matching tracks with detections
+    """
     ### instantiate model
     model = YOLO(source_weights_path)
+    source_video_path = source_video_path or download_video()
 
     ### heatmap config
     heat_map_annotator = sv.HeatMapAnnotator(
@@ -101,81 +117,7 @@ def heatmap_and_track(
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="Heatmap and Tracking with Supervision"
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--source_weights_path",
-        required=True,
-        help="Path to the source weights file",
-        type=str,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--source_video_path",
-        default=download_video(),
-        help="Path to the source video file",
-        type=str,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--target_video_path",
-        default="output.mp4",
-        help="Path to the target video file (output)",
-        type=str,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--confidence_threshold",
-        default=0.35,
-        help="Confidence threshold for the model",
-        type=float,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--iou_threshold",
-        default=0.5,
-        help="IOU threshold for the model",
-        type=float,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--heatmap_alpha",
-        default=0.5,
-        help="Opacity of the overlay mask, between 0 and 1",
-        type=float,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--radius",
-        default=25,
-        help="Radius of the heat circle",
-        type=float,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--track_threshold",
-        default=0.35,
-        help="Detection confidence threshold for track activation",
-        type=float,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--track_seconds",
-        default=5,
-        help="Number of seconds to buffer when a track is lost",
-        type=int,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--match_threshold",
-        default=0.99,
-        help="Threshold for matching tracks with detections",
-        type=float,
-    )
+    from jsonargparse import auto_cli, set_parsing_settings
 
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-
-    heatmap_and_track(
-        source_weights_path=args.source_weights_path,
-        source_video_path=args.source_video_path,
-        target_video_path=args.target_video_path,
-        confidence_threshold=args.confidence_threshold,
-        iou_threshold=args.iou_threshold,
-        heatmap_alpha=args.heatmap_alpha,
-        radius=args.radius,
-        track_activation_threshold=args.track_threshold,
-        track_seconds=args.track_seconds,
-        minimum_matching_threshold=args.match_threshold,
-    )
+    set_parsing_settings(parse_optionals_as_positionals=True)
+    auto_cli(main, as_positional=False)

examples/speed_estimation/README.md

@@ -1,21 +1,14 @@
 # speed estimation
 
-[![Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/roboflow-ai/notebooks/blob/main/notebooks/how-to-estimate-vehicle-speed-with-computer-vision.ipynb)
-[![YouTube](https://badges.aleen42.com/src/youtube.svg)](https://youtu.be/uWP6UjDeZvY)
+[![Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/roboflow-ai/notebooks/blob/main/notebooks/how-to-estimate-vehicle-speed-with-computer-vision.ipynb) [![YouTube](https://badges.aleen42.com/src/youtube.svg)](https://youtu.be/uWP6UjDeZvY)
 
 ## 👋 hello
 
-This example performs speed estimation analysis using various object-detection models
-and ByteTrack - a simple yet effective online multi-object tracking method. It uses the
-supervision package for multiple tasks such as tracking, annotations, etc.
+This example performs speed estimation analysis using various object-detection models and ByteTrack - a simple yet effective online multi-object tracking method. It uses the supervision package for multiple tasks such as tracking, annotations, etc.
 
 https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/assets/26109316/d50118c1-2ae4-458d-915a-5d860fd36f71
 
-> \[!IMPORTANT\]
-> Adjust the [`SOURCE`](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/e32b05a636dab2ea1f39299e529c4b22b8baa8da/examples/speed_estimation/ultralytics_example.py#L10)
-> and [`TARGET`](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/e32b05a636dab2ea1f39299e529c4b22b8baa8da/examples/speed_estimation/ultralytics_example.py#L15)
-> configuration if you plan to run a speed estimation script on your video file. Those must be adjusted separately for each camera view. You can learn more
-> from our YouTube [tutorial](https://youtu.be/uWP6UjDeZvY).
+> [!IMPORTANT] Adjust the [`SOURCE`](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/e32b05a636dab2ea1f39299e529c4b22b8baa8da/examples/speed_estimation/ultralytics_example.py#L10) and [`TARGET`](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/e32b05a636dab2ea1f39299e529c4b22b8baa8da/examples/speed_estimation/ultralytics_example.py#L15) configuration if you plan to run a speed estimation script on your video file. Those must be adjusted separately for each camera view. You can learn more from our YouTube [tutorial](https://youtu.be/uWP6UjDeZvY).
 
 ## 💻 install
 
@@ -26,53 +19,40 @@ https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/assets/26109316/d50118c1-2ae4-458d-915a-
     cd supervision/examples/speed_estimation
     ```
 
-- setup python environment and activate it \[optional\]
+- setup python environment and activate it [optional]
 
     ```bash
-    python3.10 -m venv venv
-    source venv/bin/activate
+    uv venv
+    source .venv/bin/activate
     ```
 
 - install required dependencies
 
     ```bash
-    pip install -r requirements.txt
+    uv pip install -r requirements.txt
     ```
 
 - download `vehicles.mp4` file
 
     ```bash
-    python3.10 video_downloader.py
+    python video_downloader.py
     ```
 
 ## 🛠️ script arguments
 
-- `--roboflow_api_key` (optional): The API key for Roboflow services. If not provided
-    directly, the script tries to fetch it from the `ROBOFLOW_API_KEY` environment
-    variable. Follow [this guide](https://docs.roboflow.com/api-reference/authentication#retrieve-an-api-key)
-    to acquire your `API KEY`.
+- `--roboflow_api_key` (optional): The API key for Roboflow services. If not provided directly, the script tries to fetch it from the `ROBOFLOW_API_KEY` environment variable. Follow [this guide](https://docs.roboflow.com/api-reference/authentication#retrieve-an-api-key) to acquire your `API KEY`.
 
-- `--model_id` (optional): Designates the Roboflow model ID to be used. The default
-    value is `"yolov8x-1280"`.
+- `--model_id` (optional): Designates the Roboflow model ID to be used. The default value is `"yolov8x-1280"`.
 
-- `--source_weights_path`: Required. Specifies the path to the YOLO model's weights
-    file, which is essential for the object detection process. This file contains the
-    data that the model uses to identify objects in the video.
+- `--source_weights_path`: Required. Specifies the path to the YOLO model's weights file, which is essential for the object detection process. This file contains the data that the model uses to identify objects in the video.
 
-- `--source_video_path`: Required. The path to the source video file that will be
-    analyzed. This is the input video on which traffic flow analysis will be performed.
+- `--source_video_path`: Required. The path to the source video file that will be analyzed. This is the input video on which traffic flow analysis will be performed.
 
-- `--target_video_path`: The path to save the output video with
-    annotations. If not specified, the processed video will be displayed in real-time
-    without being saved.
+- `--target_video_path`: The path to save the output video with annotations. If not specified, the processed video will be displayed in real-time without being saved.
 
-- `--confidence_threshold` (optional): Sets the confidence threshold for the YOLO
-    model to filter detections. Default is `0.3`. This determines how confident the
-    model should be to recognize an object in the video.
+- `--confidence_threshold` (optional): Sets the confidence threshold for the YOLO model to filter detections. Default is `0.3`. This determines how confident the model should be to recognize an object in the video.
 
-- `--iou_threshold` (optional): Specifies the IOU (Intersection Over Union) threshold
-    for the model. Default is 0.7. This value is used to manage object detection
-    accuracy, particularly in distinguishing between different objects.
+- `--iou_threshold` (optional): Specifies the IOU (Intersection Over Union) threshold for the model. Default is 0.7. This value is used to manage object detection accuracy, particularly in distinguishing between different objects.
 
 ## ⚙️ run
 
@@ -90,7 +70,7 @@ https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/assets/26109316/d50118c1-2ae4-458d-915a-
 
     ```bash
     python inference_example.py \
-        --roboflow_api_key <ROBOFLOW API KEY> \
+        --roboflow_api_key "ROBOFLOW_API_KEY" \
         --source_video_path data/vehicles.mp4 \
         --target_video_path data/vehicles-result.mp4 \
         --confidence_threshold 0.3 \
@@ -111,12 +91,6 @@ https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/assets/26109316/d50118c1-2ae4-458d-915a-
 
 This demo integrates two main components, each with its own licensing:
 
-- ultralytics: The object detection model used in this demo, YOLOv8, is distributed
-    under the [AGPL-3.0 license](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/LICENSE).
-    You can find more details about this license here.
+- ultralytics: The object detection model used in this demo, YOLOv8, is distributed under the [AGPL-3.0 license](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/LICENSE). You can find more details about this license here.
 
-- supervision: The analytics code that powers the zone-based analysis in this demo is
-    based on the Supervision library, which is licensed under the
-    [MIT license](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/develop/LICENSE.md). This
-    makes the Supervision part of the code fully open source and freely usable in your
-    projects.
+- supervision: The analytics code that powers the zone-based analysis in this demo is based on the Supervision library, which is licensed under the [MIT license](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/develop/LICENSE.md). This makes the Supervision part of the code fully open source and freely usable in your projects.

examples/speed_estimation/inference_example.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import argparse
 import os
 from collections import defaultdict, deque
 
@@ -38,64 +37,39 @@ class ViewTransformer:
         return transformed_points.reshape(-1, 2)
 
 
-def parse_arguments() -> argparse.Namespace:
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="Vehicle Speed Estimation using Inference and Supervision"
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--model_id",
-        default="yolov8x-640",
-        help="Roboflow model ID",
-        type=str,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--roboflow_api_key",
-        default=None,
-        help="Roboflow API KEY",
-        type=str,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--source_video_path",
-        required=True,
-        help="Path to the source video file",
-        type=str,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--target_video_path",
-        required=True,
-        help="Path to the target video file (output)",
-        type=str,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--confidence_threshold",
-        default=0.3,
-        help="Confidence threshold for the model",
-        type=float,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--iou_threshold", default=0.7, help="IOU threshold for the model", type=float
-    )
+def main(
+    source_video_path: str,
+    target_video_path: str,
+    model_id: str = "yolov8x-640",
+    roboflow_api_key: str | None = None,
+    confidence_threshold: float = 0.3,
+    iou_threshold: float = 0.7,
+):
+    """
+    Vehicle Speed Estimation using Inference and Supervision.
 
-    return parser.parse_args()
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    args = parse_arguments()
-
-    api_key = args.roboflow_api_key
+    Args:
+        source_video_path: Path to the source video file
+        target_video_path: Path to the target video file (output)
+        model_id: Roboflow model ID
+        roboflow_api_key: Roboflow API KEY
+        confidence_threshold: Confidence threshold for the model
+        iou_threshold: IOU threshold for the model
+    """
+    api_key = roboflow_api_key
     api_key = os.environ.get("ROBOFLOW_API_KEY", api_key)
     if api_key is None:
         raise ValueError(
             "Roboflow API key is missing. Please provide it as an argument or set the "
             "ROBOFLOW_API_KEY environment variable."
         )
-    args.roboflow_api_key = api_key
+    roboflow_api_key = api_key
 
-    video_info = sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(video_path=args.source_video_path)
-    model = get_roboflow_model(model_id=args.model_id, api_key=args.roboflow_api_key)
+    video_info = sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(video_path=source_video_path)
+    model = get_roboflow_model(model_id=model_id, api_key=roboflow_api_key)
 
     byte_track = sv.ByteTrack(
-        frame_rate=video_info.fps, track_activation_threshold=args.confidence_threshold
+        frame_rate=video_info.fps, track_activation_threshold=confidence_threshold
     )
 
     thickness = sv.calculate_optimal_line_thickness(
@@ -110,24 +84,24 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     )
     trace_annotator = sv.TraceAnnotator(
         thickness=thickness,
-        trace_length=video_info.fps * 2,
+        trace_length=int(video_info.fps * 2),
         position=sv.Position.BOTTOM_CENTER,
     )
 
-    frame_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(source_path=args.source_video_path)
+    frame_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(source_path=source_video_path)
 
     polygon_zone = sv.PolygonZone(polygon=SOURCE)
     view_transformer = ViewTransformer(source=SOURCE, target=TARGET)
 
-    coordinates = defaultdict(lambda: deque(maxlen=video_info.fps))
+    coordinates = defaultdict(lambda: deque(maxlen=int(video_info.fps)))
 
-    with sv.VideoSink(args.target_video_path, video_info) as sink:
+    with sv.VideoSink(target_video_path, video_info) as sink:
         for frame in frame_generator:
-            results = model.infer(frame)[0]
+            results = model.infer(
+                frame, confidence=confidence_threshold, iou=iou_threshold
+            )[0]
             detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(results)
-            detections = detections[detections.confidence > args.confidence_threshold]
             detections = detections[polygon_zone.trigger(detections)]
-            detections = detections.with_nms(threshold=args.iou_threshold)
             detections = byte_track.update_with_detections(detections=detections)
 
             points = detections.get_anchors_coordinates(
@@ -166,3 +140,10 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
             if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord("q"):
                 break
         cv2.destroyAllWindows()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from jsonargparse import auto_cli, set_parsing_settings
+
+    set_parsing_settings(parse_optionals_as_positionals=True)
+    auto_cli(main, as_positional=False)

examples/speed_estimation/requirements.txt

@@ -4,3 +4,4 @@ requests
 ultralytics
 super-gradients==3.5.0
 inference
+jsonargparse[signatures]

examples/speed_estimation/ultralytics_example.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import argparse
 from collections import defaultdict, deque
 
 import cv2
@@ -37,43 +36,26 @@ class ViewTransformer:
         return transformed_points.reshape(-1, 2)
 
 
-def parse_arguments() -> argparse.Namespace:
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="Vehicle Speed Estimation using Ultralytics and Supervision"
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--source_video_path",
-        required=True,
-        help="Path to the source video file",
-        type=str,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--target_video_path",
-        required=True,
-        help="Path to the target video file (output)",
-        type=str,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--confidence_threshold",
-        default=0.3,
-        help="Confidence threshold for the model",
-        type=float,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--iou_threshold", default=0.7, help="IOU threshold for the model", type=float
-    )
+def main(
+    source_video_path: str,
+    target_video_path: str,
+    confidence_threshold: float = 0.3,
+    iou_threshold: float = 0.7,
+):
+    """
+    Vehicle Speed Estimation using Ultralytics and Supervision.
 
-    return parser.parse_args()
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    args = parse_arguments()
-
-    video_info = sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(video_path=args.source_video_path)
+    Args:
+        source_video_path: Path to the source video file
+        target_video_path: Path to the target video file (output)
+        confidence_threshold: Confidence threshold for the model
+        iou_threshold: IOU threshold for the model
+    """
+    video_info = sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(video_path=source_video_path)
     model = YOLO("yolo11x.pt")
 
     byte_track = sv.ByteTrack(
-        frame_rate=video_info.fps, track_activation_threshold=args.confidence_threshold
+        frame_rate=video_info.fps, track_activation_threshold=confidence_threshold
     )
 
     thickness = sv.calculate_optimal_line_thickness(
@@ -88,24 +70,22 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     )
     trace_annotator = sv.TraceAnnotator(
         thickness=thickness,
-        trace_length=video_info.fps * 2,
+        trace_length=int(video_info.fps * 2),
         position=sv.Position.BOTTOM_CENTER,
     )
 
-    frame_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(source_path=args.source_video_path)
+    frame_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(source_path=source_video_path)
 
     polygon_zone = sv.PolygonZone(polygon=SOURCE)
     view_transformer = ViewTransformer(source=SOURCE, target=TARGET)
 
-    coordinates = defaultdict(lambda: deque(maxlen=video_info.fps))
+    coordinates = defaultdict(lambda: deque(maxlen=int(video_info.fps)))
 
-    with sv.VideoSink(args.target_video_path, video_info) as sink:
+    with sv.VideoSink(target_video_path, video_info) as sink:
         for frame in frame_generator:
-            result = model(frame)[0]
+            result = model(frame, conf=confidence_threshold, iou=iou_threshold)[0]
             detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(result)
-            detections = detections[detections.confidence > args.confidence_threshold]
             detections = detections[polygon_zone.trigger(detections)]
-            detections = detections.with_nms(threshold=args.iou_threshold)
             detections = byte_track.update_with_detections(detections=detections)
 
             points = detections.get_anchors_coordinates(
@@ -144,3 +124,10 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
             if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord("q"):
                 break
         cv2.destroyAllWindows()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from jsonargparse import auto_cli, set_parsing_settings
+
+    set_parsing_settings(parse_optionals_as_positionals=True)
+    auto_cli(main, as_positional=False)

examples/speed_estimation/yolo_nas_example.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import argparse
 from collections import defaultdict, deque
 
 import cv2
@@ -38,43 +37,26 @@ class ViewTransformer:
         return transformed_points.reshape(-1, 2)
 
 
-def parse_arguments() -> argparse.Namespace:
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="Vehicle Speed Estimation using YOLO-NAS and Supervision"
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--source_video_path",
-        required=True,
-        help="Path to the source video file",
-        type=str,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--target_video_path",
-        required=True,
-        help="Path to the target video file (output)",
-        type=str,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--confidence_threshold",
-        default=0.3,
-        help="Confidence threshold for the model",
-        type=float,
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--iou_threshold", default=0.7, help="IOU threshold for the model", type=float
-    )
+def main(
+    source_video_path: str,
+    target_video_path: str,
+    confidence_threshold: float = 0.3,
+    iou_threshold: float = 0.7,
+):
+    """
+    Vehicle Speed Estimation using YOLO-NAS and Supervision.
 
-    return parser.parse_args()
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    args = parse_arguments()
-
-    video_info = sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(video_path=args.source_video_path)
+    Args:
+        source_video_path: Path to the source video file
+        target_video_path: Path to the target video file (output)
+        confidence_threshold: Confidence threshold for the model
+        iou_threshold: IOU threshold for the model
+    """
+    video_info = sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(video_path=source_video_path)
     model = models.get(Models.YOLO_NAS_L, pretrained_weights="coco")
 
     byte_track = sv.ByteTrack(
-        frame_rate=video_info.fps, track_activation_threshold=args.confidence_threshold
+        frame_rate=video_info.fps, track_activation_threshold=confidence_threshold
     )
 
     thickness = sv.calculate_optimal_line_thickness(
@@ -89,23 +71,24 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     )
     trace_annotator = sv.TraceAnnotator(
         thickness=thickness,
-        trace_length=video_info.fps * 2,
+        trace_length=int(video_info.fps * 2),
         position=sv.Position.BOTTOM_CENTER,
     )
 
-    frame_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(source_path=args.source_video_path)
+    frame_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(source_path=source_video_path)
 
     polygon_zone = sv.PolygonZone(polygon=SOURCE)
     view_transformer = ViewTransformer(source=SOURCE, target=TARGET)
 
-    coordinates = defaultdict(lambda: deque(maxlen=video_info.fps))
+    coordinates = defaultdict(lambda: deque(maxlen=int(video_info.fps)))
 
-    with sv.VideoSink(args.target_video_path, video_info) as sink:
+    with sv.VideoSink(target_video_path, video_info) as sink:
         for frame in frame_generator:
-            result = model.predict(frame)[0]
+            result = model.predict(frame, conf=confidence_threshold, iou=iou_threshold)[
+                0
+            ]
             detections = sv.Detections.from_yolo_nas(result)
             detections = detections[polygon_zone.trigger(detections)]
-            detections = detections.with_nms(threshold=args.iou_threshold)
             detections = byte_track.update_with_detections(detections=detections)
 
             points = detections.get_anchors_coordinates(
@@ -144,3 +127,10 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
             if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord("q"):
                 break
         cv2.destroyAllWindows()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from jsonargparse import auto_cli, set_parsing_settings
+
+    set_parsing_settings(parse_optionals_as_positionals=True)
+    auto_cli(main, as_positional=False)

examples/time_in_zone/README.md

@@ -4,10 +4,7 @@
 
 ## 👋 hello
 
-Practical demonstration on leveraging computer vision for analyzing wait times and
-monitoring the duration that objects or individuals spend in predefined areas of video
-frames. This example project, perfect for retail analytics or traffic management
-applications.
+Practical demonstration on leveraging computer vision for analyzing wait times and monitoring the duration that objects or individuals spend in predefined areas of video frames. This example project, perfect for retail analytics or traffic management applications.
 
 https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/assets/26109316/d051cc8a-dd15-41d4-aa36-d38b86334c39
 
@@ -20,17 +17,17 @@ https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/assets/26109316/d051cc8a-dd15-41d4-aa36-
     cd supervision/examples/time_in_zone
     ```
 
-- setup python environment and activate it \[optional\]
+- setup python environment and activate it [optional]
 
     ```bash
-    python3 -m venv venv
-    source venv/bin/activate
+    uv venv
+    source .venv/bin/activate
     ```
 
 - install required dependencies
 
     ```bash
-    pip install -r requirements.txt
+    uv pip install -r requirements.txt
     ```
 
 ## 🛠 scripts
@@ -59,9 +56,7 @@ python scripts/download_from_youtube.py \
 
 ### `stream_from_file`
 
-This script allows you to stream video files from a directory. It's an awesome way to
-mock a live video stream for local testing. Video will be streamed in a loop under
-`rtsp://localhost:8554/live0.stream` URL. This script requires docker to be installed.
+This script allows you to stream video files from a directory. It's an awesome way to mock a live video stream for local testing. Video will be streamed in a loop under `rtsp://localhost:8554/live0.stream` URL. This script requires docker to be installed.
 
 - `--video_directory`: Directory containing video files to stream.
 - `--number_of_streams`: Number of video files to stream.
@@ -80,21 +75,13 @@ python scripts/stream_from_file.py \
 
 ### `draw_zones`
 
-If you want to test zone time in zone analysis on your own video, you can use this
-script to design custom zones and save results as a JSON file. The script will open a
-window where you can draw polygons on the source image or video file. The polygons will
-be saved as a JSON file.
+If you want to test zone time in zone analysis on your own video, you can use this script to design custom zones and save results as a JSON file. The script will open a window where you can draw polygons on the source image or video file. The polygons will be saved as a JSON file.
 
 - `--source_path`: Path to the source image or video file for drawing polygons.
-
 - `--zone_configuration_path`: Path where the polygon annotations will be saved as a JSON file.
-
 - `enter` - finish drawing the current polygon.
-
 - `escape` - cancel drawing the current polygon.
-
 - `q` - quit the drawing window.
-
 - `s` - save zone configuration to a JSON file.
 
 ```bash
@@ -128,10 +115,11 @@ Script to run object detection on a video file using the Roboflow Inference mode
 python inference_file_example.py \
     --zone_configuration_path "data/checkout/config.json" \
     --source_video_path "data/checkout/video.mp4" \
-    --model_id "yolov8x-640" \
-    --classes 0 \
+    --model_id "rfdetr-medium" \
+    --classes "[0]" \
     --confidence_threshold 0.3 \
-    --iou_threshold 0.7
+    --iou_threshold 0.7 \
+    --roboflow_api_key "ROBOFLOWS_API_KEY"
 ```
 
 https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/assets/26109316/d051cc8a-dd15-41d4-aa36-d38b86334c39
@@ -140,17 +128,18 @@ https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/assets/26109316/d051cc8a-dd15-41d4-aa36-
 python inference_file_example.py \
     --zone_configuration_path "data/traffic/config.json" \
     --source_video_path "data/traffic/video.mp4" \
-    --model_id "yolov8x-640" \
-    --classes 2 5 6 7 \
+    --model_id "rfdetr-medium" \
+    --classes "[2, 5, 6, 7]" \
     --confidence_threshold 0.3 \
-    --iou_threshold 0.7
+    --iou_threshold 0.7 \
+    --roboflow_api_key "ROBOFLOWS_API_KEY"
 ```
 
 https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/assets/26109316/5ec896d7-4b39-4426-8979-11e71666878b
 
 ### `inference_stream_example`
 
-Script to run object detection on a video stream using the Roboflow Inference model.
+Script to run object detection on an RTSP stream using Roboflow Inference model.
 
 - `--zone_configuration_path`: Path to the zone configuration JSON file.
 - `--rtsp_url`: Complete RTSP URL for the video stream.
@@ -163,8 +152,8 @@ Script to run object detection on a video stream using the Roboflow Inference mo
 python inference_stream_example.py \
     --zone_configuration_path "data/checkout/config.json" \
     --rtsp_url "rtsp://localhost:8554/live0.stream" \
-    --model_id "yolov8x-640" \
-    --classes 0 \
+    --model_id "rfdetr-medium" \
+    --classes "[0]" \
     --confidence_threshold 0.3 \
     --iou_threshold 0.7
 ```
@@ -173,14 +162,85 @@ python inference_stream_example.py \
 python inference_stream_example.py \
     --zone_configuration_path "data/traffic/config.json" \
     --rtsp_url "rtsp://localhost:8554/live0.stream" \
-    --model_id "yolov8x-640" \
-    --classes 2 5 6 7 \
+    --model_id "rfdetr-medium" \
+    --classes "[2, 5, 6, 7]" \
     --confidence_threshold 0.3 \
     --iou_threshold 0.7
 ```
 
-<details>
-<summary>👉 show ultralytics examples</summary>
+### `rfdeter_file_example`
+
+Script to run object detection on a video file using the RF-DETR model.
+
+- `--zone_configuration_path`: Path to the zone configuration JSON file.
+- `--source_video_path`: Path to the source video file.
+- `--model_size`: Size of RF-DETR model ('nano', 'small', 'medium', 'base' or 'large'). Default is 'medium'.
+- `--device`: Computation device ('cpu', 'mps' or 'cuda'). Default is 'cpu'.
+- `--classes`: List of class IDs to track. If empty, all classes are tracked.
+- `--confidence_threshold`: Confidence level for detections (`0` to `1`). Default is `0.3`.
+- `--iou_threshold`: IOU threshold for non-max suppression. Default is `0.7`.
+- `--resolution`: Resolution for the model input. Default is `640`.
+
+```bash
+python rfdetr_file_example.py \
+    --zone_configuration_path "data/checkout/config.json" \
+    --source_video_path "data/checkout/video.mp4" \
+    --model_size "medium" \
+    --device="cpu" \
+    --classes "[1]" \
+    --confidence_threshold 0.3 \
+    --iou_threshold 0.7 \
+    --resolution 640
+```
+
+```bash
+python rfdetr_file_example.py \
+    --zone_configuration_path "data/traffic/config.json" \
+    --source_video_path "data/traffic/video.mp4" \
+    --model_size "medium" \
+    --device="cpu" \
+    --classes "[3, 6, 7, 8]" \
+    --confidence_threshold 0.3 \
+    --iou_threshold 0.7 \
+    --resolution 640
+```
+
+### `rfdeter_stream_example`
+
+Script to run object detection on an RTSP stream using the RF-DETR model.
+
+- `--zone_configuration_path`: Path to the zone-configuration JSON file defining the polygons.
+- `--rtsp_url`: Complete RTSP URL of the live video stream.
+- `--model_size`: RF-DETR backbone size to load — choose from 'nano', 'small', 'medium', 'base', or 'large' (default 'medium').
+- `--device`: Compute device to run the model on ('cpu', 'mps', or 'cuda'; default 'cpu').
+- `--classes`: Space-separated list of class IDs to track. Leave empty to track all classes.
+- `--confidence_threshold`: Minimum confidence score for a detection to be kept, range 0-1 (default 0.3).
+- `--iou_threshold`: IOU threshold applied during non-max suppression (default 0.7).
+- `--resolution`: Shortest-side input resolution supplied to the model. The script will round it to the nearest valid multiple (default 640).
+
+```bash
+python rfdetr_stream_example.py \
+    --zone_configuration_path "data/checkout/config.json" \
+    --rtsp_url "rtsp://localhost:8554/live0.stream" \
+    --model_size "medium" \
+    --device "cpu" \
+    --classes "[1]" \
+    --confidence_threshold 0.3 \
+    --iou_threshold 0.7 \
+    --resolution 640
+```
+
+```bash
+python rfdetr_stream_example.py \
+    --zone_configuration_path "data/traffic/config.json" \
+    --rtsp_url "rtsp://localhost:8554/live0.stream" \
+    --model_size "medium" \
+    --device "cpu" \
+    --classes "[3, 6, 7, 8]" \
+    --confidence_threshold 0.3 \
+    --iou_threshold 0.7 \
+    --resolution 640
+```
 
 ### `ultralytics_file_example`
 
@@ -200,7 +260,7 @@ python ultralytics_file_example.py \
     --source_video_path "data/checkout/video.mp4" \
     --weights "yolov8x.pt" \
     --device "cpu" \
-    --classes 0 \
+    --classes "[0]" \
     --confidence_threshold 0.3 \
     --iou_threshold 0.7
 ```
@@ -211,7 +271,7 @@ python ultralytics_file_example.py \
     --source_video_path "data/traffic/video.mp4" \
     --weights "yolov8x.pt" \
     --device "cpu" \
-    --classes 2 5 6 7 \
+    --classes "[2, 5, 6, 7]" \
     --confidence_threshold 0.3 \
     --iou_threshold 0.7
 ```
@@ -234,7 +294,7 @@ python ultralytics_stream_example.py \
     --rtsp_url "rtsp://localhost:8554/live0.stream" \
     --weights "yolov8x.pt" \
     --device "cpu" \
-    --classes 0 \
+    --classes "[0]" \
     --confidence_threshold 0.3 \
     --iou_threshold 0.7
 ```
@@ -245,7 +305,7 @@ python ultralytics_stream_example.py \
     --rtsp_url "rtsp://localhost:8554/live0.stream" \
     --weights "yolov8x.pt" \
     --device "cpu" \
-    --classes 2 5 6 7 \
+    --classes "[2, 5, 6, 7]" \
     --confidence_threshold 0.3 \
     --iou_threshold 0.7
 ```
@@ -256,12 +316,6 @@ python ultralytics_stream_example.py \
 
 This demo integrates two main components, each with its own licensing:
 
-- ultralytics: The object detection model used in this demo, YOLOv8, is distributed
-    under the [AGPL-3.0 license](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/LICENSE).
-    You can find more details about this license here.
+- ultralytics: The object detection model used in this demo, YOLOv8, is distributed under the [AGPL-3.0 license](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/LICENSE). You can find more details about this license here.
 
-- supervision: The analytics code that powers the zone-based analysis in this demo is
-    based on the Supervision library, which is licensed under the
-    [MIT license](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/develop/LICENSE.md). This
-    makes the Supervision part of the code fully open source and freely usable in your
-    projects.
+- supervision: The analytics code that powers the zone-based analysis in this demo is based on the Supervision library, which is licensed under the [MIT license](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/develop/LICENSE.md). This makes the Supervision part of the code fully open source and freely usable in your projects.

examples/time_in_zone/inference_file_example.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import argparse
-
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
 from inference import get_model
@@ -16,14 +14,27 @@ LABEL_ANNOTATOR = sv.LabelAnnotator(
 
 
 def main(
-    source_video_path: str,
     zone_configuration_path: str,
-    model_id: str,
-    confidence: float,
-    iou: float,
-    classes: list[int],
+    source_video_path: str,
+    model_id: str = "rfdetr-medium",
+    confidence_threshold: float = 0.3,
+    iou_threshold: float = 0.7,
+    classes: list[int] = [],
+    roboflow_api_key: str = "",
 ) -> None:
-    model = get_model(model_id=model_id)
+    """
+    Calculating detections dwell time in zones, using video file.
+
+    Args:
+        zone_configuration_path: Path to the zone configuration JSON file
+        source_video_path: Path to the source video file
+        model_id: Roboflow model ID
+        confidence_threshold: Confidence level for detections (0 to 1)
+        iou_threshold: IOU threshold for non-max suppression
+        classes: List of class IDs to track. If empty, all classes are tracked
+        roboflow_api_key: Roboflow API key for accessing private models
+    """
+    model = get_model(model_id=model_id, api_key=roboflow_api_key)
     tracker = sv.ByteTrack(minimum_matching_threshold=0.5)
     video_info = sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(video_path=source_video_path)
     frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(source_video_path)
@@ -39,7 +50,9 @@ def main(
     timers = [FPSBasedTimer(video_info.fps) for _ in zones]
 
     for frame in frames_generator:
-        results = model.infer(frame, confidence=confidence, iou_threshold=iou)[0]
+        results = model.infer(
+            frame, confidence=confidence_threshold, iou_threshold=iou_threshold
+        )[0]
         detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(results)
         detections = detections[find_in_list(detections.class_id, classes)]
         detections = tracker.update_with_detections(detections)
@@ -78,50 +91,7 @@ def main(
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="Calculating detections dwell time in zones, using video file."
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--zone_configuration_path",
-        type=str,
-        required=True,
-        help="Path to the zone configuration JSON file.",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--source_video_path",
-        type=str,
-        required=True,
-        help="Path to the source video file.",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--model_id", type=str, default="yolov8s-640", help="Roboflow model ID."
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--confidence_threshold",
-        type=float,
-        default=0.3,
-        help="Confidence level for detections (0 to 1). Default is 0.3.",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--iou_threshold",
-        default=0.7,
-        type=float,
-        help="IOU threshold for non-max suppression. Default is 0.7.",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--classes",
-        nargs="*",
-        type=int,
-        default=[],
-        help="List of class IDs to track. If empty, all classes are tracked.",
-    )
-    args = parser.parse_args()
+    from jsonargparse import auto_cli, set_parsing_settings
 
-    main(
-        source_video_path=args.source_video_path,
-        zone_configuration_path=args.zone_configuration_path,
-        model_id=args.model_id,
-        confidence=args.confidence_threshold,
-        iou=args.iou_threshold,
-        classes=args.classes,
-    )
+    set_parsing_settings(parse_optionals_as_positionals=True)
+    auto_cli(main, as_positional=False)

examples/time_in_zone/inference_naive_stream_example.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import argparse
-
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
 from inference import get_model
@@ -16,14 +14,27 @@ LABEL_ANNOTATOR = sv.LabelAnnotator(
 
 
 def main(
-    rtsp_url: str,
     zone_configuration_path: str,
-    model_id: str,
-    confidence: float,
-    iou: float,
-    classes: list[int],
+    rtsp_url: str,
+    model_id: str = "rfdetr-medium",
+    confidence_threshold: float = 0.3,
+    iou_threshold: float = 0.7,
+    classes: list[int] = [],
+    roboflow_api_key: str = "",
 ) -> None:
-    model = get_model(model_id=model_id)
+    """
+    Calculating detections dwell time in zones, using RTSP stream.
+
+    Args:
+        zone_configuration_path: Path to the zone configuration JSON file
+        rtsp_url: Complete RTSP URL for the video stream
+        model_id: Roboflow model ID
+        confidence_threshold: Confidence level for detections (0 to 1)
+        iou_threshold: IOU threshold for non-max suppression
+        classes: List of class IDs to track. If empty, all classes are tracked
+        roboflow_api_key: Roboflow API key for accessing private models
+    """
+    model = get_model(model_id=model_id, api_key=roboflow_api_key)
     tracker = sv.ByteTrack(minimum_matching_threshold=0.5)
     frames_generator = get_stream_frames_generator(rtsp_url=rtsp_url)
     fps_monitor = sv.FPSMonitor()
@@ -42,7 +53,9 @@ def main(
         fps_monitor.tick()
         fps = fps_monitor.fps
 
-        results = model.infer(frame, confidence=confidence, iou_threshold=iou)[0]
+        results = model.infer(
+            frame, confidence=confidence_threshold, iou_threshold=iou_threshold
+        )[0]
         detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(results)
         detections = detections[find_in_list(detections.class_id, classes)]
         detections = tracker.update_with_detections(detections)
@@ -88,50 +101,7 @@ def main(
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="Calculating detections dwell time in zones, using RTSP stream."
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--zone_configuration_path",
-        type=str,
-        required=True,
-        help="Path to the zone configuration JSON file.",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--rtsp_url",
-        type=str,
-        required=True,
-        help="Complete RTSP URL for the video stream.",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--model_id", type=str, default="yolov8s-640", help="Roboflow model ID."
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--confidence_threshold",
-        type=float,
-        default=0.3,
-        help="Confidence level for detections (0 to 1). Default is 0.3.",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--iou_threshold",
-        default=0.7,
-        type=float,
-        help="IOU threshold for non-max suppression. Default is 0.7.",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--classes",
-        nargs="*",
-        type=int,
-        default=[],
-        help="List of class IDs to track. If empty, all classes are tracked.",
-    )
-    args = parser.parse_args()
+    from jsonargparse import auto_cli, set_parsing_settings
 
-    main(
-        rtsp_url=args.rtsp_url,
-        zone_configuration_path=args.zone_configuration_path,
-        model_id=args.model_id,
-        confidence=args.confidence_threshold,
-        iou=args.iou_threshold,
-        classes=args.classes,
-    )
+    set_parsing_settings(parse_optionals_as_positionals=True)
+    auto_cli(main, as_positional=False)

examples/time_in_zone/inference_stream_example.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import argparse
-
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
 from inference import InferencePipeline
@@ -77,21 +75,35 @@ class CustomSink:
 
 
 def main(
-    rtsp_url: str,
     zone_configuration_path: str,
-    model_id: str,
-    confidence: float,
-    iou: float,
-    classes: list[int],
+    rtsp_url: str,
+    model_id: str = "rfdetr-medium",
+    confidence_threshold: float = 0.3,
+    iou_threshold: float = 0.7,
+    classes: list[int] = [],
+    roboflow_api_key: str = "",
 ) -> None:
+    """
+    Calculating detections dwell time in zones, using RTSP stream.
+
+    Args:
+        zone_configuration_path: Path to the zone configuration JSON file
+        rtsp_url: Complete RTSP URL for the video stream
+        model_id: Roboflow model ID
+        confidence_threshold: Confidence level for detections (0 to 1)
+        iou_threshold: IOU threshold for non-max suppression
+        classes: List of class IDs to track. If empty, all classes are tracked
+        roboflow_api_key: Roboflow API key for accessing private models
+    """
     sink = CustomSink(zone_configuration_path=zone_configuration_path, classes=classes)
 
     pipeline = InferencePipeline.init(
         model_id=model_id,
         video_reference=rtsp_url,
         on_prediction=sink.on_prediction,
-        confidence=confidence,
-        iou_threshold=iou,
+        confidence=confidence_threshold,
+        iou_threshold=iou_threshold,
+        api_key=roboflow_api_key,
     )
 
     pipeline.start()
@@ -103,50 +115,7 @@ def main(
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="Calculating detections dwell time in zones, using RTSP stream."
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--zone_configuration_path",
-        type=str,
-        required=True,
-        help="Path to the zone configuration JSON file.",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--rtsp_url",
-        type=str,
-        required=True,
-        help="Complete RTSP URL for the video stream.",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--model_id", type=str, default="yolov8s-640", help="Roboflow model ID."
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--confidence_threshold",
-        type=float,
-        default=0.3,
-        help="Confidence level for detections (0 to 1). Default is 0.3.",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--iou_threshold",
-        default=0.7,
-        type=float,
-        help="IOU threshold for non-max suppression. Default is 0.7.",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--classes",
-        nargs="*",
-        type=int,
-        default=[],
-        help="List of class IDs to track. If empty, all classes are tracked.",
-    )
-    args = parser.parse_args()
+    from jsonargparse import auto_cli, set_parsing_settings
 
-    main(
-        rtsp_url=args.rtsp_url,
-        zone_configuration_path=args.zone_configuration_path,
-        model_id=args.model_id,
-        confidence=args.confidence_threshold,
-        iou=args.iou_threshold,
-        classes=args.classes,
-    )
+    set_parsing_settings(parse_optionals_as_positionals=True)
+    auto_cli(main, as_positional=False)

examples/time_in_zone/requirements.txt

@@ -4,3 +4,6 @@ inference
 # https://github.com/pytube/pytube/issues/2044
 # pytube
 pytubefix
+jsonargparse[signatures]
+rfdetr
+yt_dlp

examples/time_in_zone/rfdetr_file_example.py

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from enum import Enum
+
+import cv2
+import numpy as np
+from rfdetr import RFDETRBase, RFDETRLarge, RFDETRMedium, RFDETRNano, RFDETRSmall
+from utils.general import find_in_list, load_zones_config
+from utils.timers import FPSBasedTimer
+
+import supervision as sv
+
+COLORS = sv.ColorPalette.from_hex(["#E6194B", "#3CB44B", "#FFE119", "#3C76D1"])
+COLOR_ANNOTATOR = sv.ColorAnnotator(color=COLORS)
+LABEL_ANNOTATOR = sv.LabelAnnotator(
+    color=COLORS, text_color=sv.Color.from_hex("#000000")
+)
+
+
+class ModelSize(Enum):
+    NANO = "nano"
+    SMALL = "small"
+    MEDIUM = "medium"
+    BASE = "base"
+    LARGE = "large"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def list(cls):
+        return list(map(lambda c: c.value, cls))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_value(cls, value: ModelSize | str) -> ModelSize:
+        if isinstance(value, cls):
+            return value
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            value = value.lower()
+            try:
+                return cls(value)
+            except ValueError:
+                raise ValueError(f"Invalid value: {value}. Must be one of {cls.list()}")
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Invalid value type: {type(value)}. Must be an instance of "
+            f"{cls.__name__} or str."
+        )
+
+
+def load_model(checkpoint: ModelSize | str, device: str, resolution: int):
+    checkpoint = ModelSize.from_value(checkpoint)
+
+    if checkpoint == ModelSize.NANO:
+        return RFDETRNano(device=device, resolution=resolution)
+    if checkpoint == ModelSize.SMALL:
+        return RFDETRSmall(device=device, resolution=resolution)
+    if checkpoint == ModelSize.MEDIUM:
+        return RFDETRMedium(device=device, resolution=resolution)
+    if checkpoint == ModelSize.BASE:
+        return RFDETRBase(device=device, resolution=resolution)
+    if checkpoint == ModelSize.LARGE:
+        return RFDETRLarge(device=device, resolution=resolution)
+
+    raise ValueError(
+        f"Invalid checkpoint: {checkpoint}. Must be one of: {ModelSize.list()}."
+    )
+
+
+def adjust_resolution(checkpoint: ModelSize | str, resolution: int) -> int:
+    checkpoint = ModelSize.from_value(checkpoint)
+
+    if checkpoint in {ModelSize.NANO, ModelSize.SMALL, ModelSize.MEDIUM}:
+        divisor = 32
+    elif checkpoint in {ModelSize.BASE, ModelSize.LARGE}:
+        divisor = 56
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Unknown checkpoint: {checkpoint}. Must be one of: {ModelSize.list()}."
+        )
+
+    remainder = resolution % divisor
+    if remainder == 0:
+        return resolution
+    lower = resolution - remainder
+    upper = lower + divisor
+
+    if resolution - lower < upper - resolution:
+        return lower
+    else:
+        return upper
+
+
+def main(
+    source_video_path: str,
+    zone_configuration_path: str,
+    resolution: int,
+    model_size: str = "small",
+    device: str = "cpu",
+    confidence_threshold: float = 0.3,
+    iou_threshold: float = 0.7,
+    classes: list[int] = [],
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Calculating detections dwell time in zones, using video file.
+
+    Args:
+        source_video_path: Path to the source video file
+        zone_configuration_path: Path to the zone configuration JSON file
+        resolution: Input resolution for the model
+        model_size: RF-DETR model size ('nano', 'small', 'medium', 'base' or 'large')
+        device: Computation device ('cpu', 'mps' or 'cuda')
+        confidence_threshold: Confidence level for detections (0 to 1)
+        iou_threshold: IOU threshold for non-max suppression
+        classes: List of class IDs to track. If empty, all classes are tracked
+    """
+    resolution = adjust_resolution(checkpoint=model_size, resolution=resolution)
+    model = load_model(checkpoint=model_size, device=device, resolution=resolution)
+    tracker = sv.ByteTrack(minimum_matching_threshold=0.5)
+    video_info = sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(video_path=source_video_path)
+    frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(source_video_path)
+
+    polygons = load_zones_config(file_path=zone_configuration_path)
+    zones = [
+        sv.PolygonZone(
+            polygon=polygon,
+            triggering_anchors=(sv.Position.CENTER,),
+        )
+        for polygon in polygons
+    ]
+    timers = [FPSBasedTimer(video_info.fps) for _ in zones]
+
+    for frame in frames_generator:
+        detections = model.predict(frame, threshold=confidence_threshold)
+        detections = detections[find_in_list(detections.class_id, classes)]
+        detections = detections.with_nms(threshold=iou_threshold)
+        detections = tracker.update_with_detections(detections)
+
+        annotated_frame = frame.copy()
+
+        for idx, zone in enumerate(zones):
+            annotated_frame = sv.draw_polygon(
+                scene=annotated_frame, polygon=zone.polygon, color=COLORS.by_idx(idx)
+            )
+
+            detections_in_zone = detections[zone.trigger(detections)]
+            time_in_zone = timers[idx].tick(detections_in_zone)
+            custom_color_lookup = np.full(detections_in_zone.class_id.shape, idx)
+
+            annotated_frame = COLOR_ANNOTATOR.annotate(
+                scene=annotated_frame,
+                detections=detections_in_zone,
+                custom_color_lookup=custom_color_lookup,
+            )
+            labels = [
+                f"#{tracker_id} {int(time // 60):02d}:{int(time % 60):02d}"
+                for tracker_id, time in zip(detections_in_zone.tracker_id, time_in_zone)
+            ]
+            annotated_frame = LABEL_ANNOTATOR.annotate(
+                scene=annotated_frame,
+                detections=detections_in_zone,
+                labels=labels,
+                custom_color_lookup=custom_color_lookup,
+            )
+
+        cv2.imshow("Processed Video", annotated_frame)
+        if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord("q"):
+            break
+    cv2.destroyAllWindows()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from jsonargparse import auto_cli, set_parsing_settings
+
+    set_parsing_settings(parse_optionals_as_positionals=True)
+    auto_cli(main, as_positional=False)

examples/time_in_zone/rfdetr_naive_stream_example.py

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from enum import Enum
+
+import cv2
+import numpy as np
+from rfdetr import RFDETRBase, RFDETRLarge, RFDETRMedium, RFDETRNano, RFDETRSmall
+from utils.general import find_in_list, get_stream_frames_generator, load_zones_config
+from utils.timers import ClockBasedTimer
+
+import supervision as sv
+
+COLORS = sv.ColorPalette.from_hex(["#E6194B", "#3CB44B", "#FFE119", "#3C76D1"])
+COLOR_ANNOTATOR = sv.ColorAnnotator(color=COLORS)
+LABEL_ANNOTATOR = sv.LabelAnnotator(
+    color=COLORS, text_color=sv.Color.from_hex("#000000")
+)
+
+
+class ModelSize(Enum):
+    NANO = "nano"
+    SMALL = "small"
+    MEDIUM = "medium"
+    BASE = "base"
+    LARGE = "large"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def list(cls):
+        return list(map(lambda c: c.value, cls))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_value(cls, value: ModelSize | str) -> ModelSize:
+        if isinstance(value, cls):
+            return value
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            value = value.lower()
+            try:
+                return cls(value)
+            except ValueError:
+                raise ValueError(f"Invalid value: {value}. Must be one of {cls.list()}")
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Invalid value type: {type(value)}. Must be an instance of "
+            f"{cls.__name__} or str."
+        )
+
+
+def load_model(checkpoint: ModelSize | str, device: str, resolution: int):
+    checkpoint = ModelSize.from_value(checkpoint)
+
+    if checkpoint == ModelSize.NANO:
+        return RFDETRNano(device=device, resolution=resolution)
+    if checkpoint == ModelSize.SMALL:
+        return RFDETRSmall(device=device, resolution=resolution)
+    if checkpoint == ModelSize.MEDIUM:
+        return RFDETRMedium(device=device, resolution=resolution)
+    if checkpoint == ModelSize.BASE:
+        return RFDETRBase(device=device, resolution=resolution)
+    if checkpoint == ModelSize.LARGE:
+        return RFDETRLarge(device=device, resolution=resolution)
+
+    raise ValueError(
+        f"Invalid checkpoint: {checkpoint}. Must be one of: {ModelSize.list()}."
+    )
+
+
+def adjust_resolution(checkpoint: ModelSize | str, resolution: int) -> int:
+    checkpoint = ModelSize.from_value(checkpoint)
+
+    if checkpoint in {ModelSize.NANO, ModelSize.SMALL, ModelSize.MEDIUM}:
+        divisor = 32
+    elif checkpoint in {ModelSize.BASE, ModelSize.LARGE}:
+        divisor = 56
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Unknown checkpoint: {checkpoint}. Must be one of: {ModelSize.list()}."
+        )
+
+    remainder = resolution % divisor
+    if remainder == 0:
+        return resolution
+    lower = resolution - remainder
+    upper = lower + divisor
+
+    if resolution - lower < upper - resolution:
+        return lower
+    else:
+        return upper
+
+
+def main(
+    rtsp_url: str,
+    zone_configuration_path: str,
+    resolution: int,
+    model_size: str = "small",
+    device: str = "cpu",
+    confidence_threshold: float = 0.3,
+    iou_threshold: float = 0.7,
+    classes: list[int] = [],
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Calculating detections dwell time in zones, using RTSP stream.
+
+    Args:
+        rtsp_url: Complete RTSP URL for the video stream
+        zone_configuration_path: Path to the zone configuration JSON file
+        resolution: Input resolution for the model
+        model_size: RF-DETR model size ('nano', 'small', 'medium', 'base' or 'large')
+        device: Computation device ('cpu', 'mps' or 'cuda')
+        confidence_threshold: Confidence level for detections (0 to 1)
+        iou_threshold: IOU threshold for non-max suppression
+        classes: List of class IDs to track. If empty, all classes are tracked
+    """
+    resolution = adjust_resolution(checkpoint=model_size, resolution=resolution)
+    model = load_model(checkpoint=model_size, device=device, resolution=resolution)
+    tracker = sv.ByteTrack(minimum_matching_threshold=0.5)
+    frames_generator = get_stream_frames_generator(rtsp_url=rtsp_url)
+    fps_monitor = sv.FPSMonitor()
+
+    polygons = load_zones_config(file_path=zone_configuration_path)
+    zones = [
+        sv.PolygonZone(
+            polygon=polygon,
+            triggering_anchors=(sv.Position.CENTER,),
+        )
+        for polygon in polygons
+    ]
+    timers = [ClockBasedTimer() for _ in zones]
+
+    for frame in frames_generator:
+        fps_monitor.tick()
+        fps = fps_monitor.fps
+
+        detections = model.predict(frame, threshold=confidence_threshold)
+        detections = detections[find_in_list(detections.class_id, classes)]
+        detections = detections.with_nms(threshold=iou_threshold)
+        detections = tracker.update_with_detections(detections)
+
+        annotated_frame = frame.copy()
+        annotated_frame = sv.draw_text(
+            scene=annotated_frame,
+            text=f"{fps:.1f}",
+            text_anchor=sv.Point(40, 30),
+            background_color=sv.Color.from_hex("#A351FB"),
+            text_color=sv.Color.from_hex("#000000"),
+        )
+
+        for idx, zone in enumerate(zones):
+            annotated_frame = sv.draw_polygon(
+                scene=annotated_frame, polygon=zone.polygon, color=COLORS.by_idx(idx)
+            )
+
+            detections_in_zone = detections[zone.trigger(detections)]
+            time_in_zone = timers[idx].tick(detections_in_zone)
+            custom_color_lookup = np.full(detections_in_zone.class_id.shape, idx)
+
+            annotated_frame = COLOR_ANNOTATOR.annotate(
+                scene=annotated_frame,
+                detections=detections_in_zone,
+                custom_color_lookup=custom_color_lookup,
+            )
+            labels = [
+                f"#{tracker_id} {int(t // 60):02d}:{int(t % 60):02d}"
+                for tracker_id, t in zip(detections_in_zone.tracker_id, time_in_zone)
+            ]
+            annotated_frame = LABEL_ANNOTATOR.annotate(
+                scene=annotated_frame,
+                detections=detections_in_zone,
+                labels=labels,
+                custom_color_lookup=custom_color_lookup,
+            )
+
+        cv2.imshow("Processed Video", annotated_frame)
+        if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord("q"):
+            break
+
+    cv2.destroyAllWindows()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from jsonargparse import auto_cli, set_parsing_settings
+
+    set_parsing_settings(parse_optionals_as_positionals=True)
+    auto_cli(main, as_positional=False)

examples/time_in_zone/rfdetr_stream_example.py

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from enum import Enum
+
+import cv2
+import numpy as np
+from inference import InferencePipeline
+from inference.core.interfaces.camera.entities import VideoFrame
+from rfdetr import RFDETRBase, RFDETRLarge, RFDETRMedium, RFDETRNano, RFDETRSmall
+from utils.general import find_in_list, load_zones_config
+from utils.timers import ClockBasedTimer
+
+import supervision as sv
+
+
+class ModelSize(Enum):
+    NANO = "nano"
+    SMALL = "small"
+    MEDIUM = "medium"
+    BASE = "base"
+    LARGE = "large"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def list(cls):
+        return [c.value for c in cls]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_value(cls, value: ModelSize | str) -> ModelSize:
+        if isinstance(value, cls):
+            return value
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            value = value.lower()
+            try:
+                return cls(value)
+            except ValueError as exc:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Invalid model size '{value}'. Must be one of {cls.list()}."
+                ) from exc
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Invalid value type '{type(value)}'. Expected str or ModelSize."
+        )
+
+
+def load_model(checkpoint: ModelSize | str, device: str, resolution: int):
+    checkpoint = ModelSize.from_value(checkpoint)
+    if checkpoint == ModelSize.NANO:
+        return RFDETRNano(device=device, resolution=resolution)
+    if checkpoint == ModelSize.SMALL:
+        return RFDETRSmall(device=device, resolution=resolution)
+    if checkpoint == ModelSize.MEDIUM:
+        return RFDETRMedium(device=device, resolution=resolution)
+    if checkpoint == ModelSize.BASE:
+        return RFDETRBase(device=device, resolution=resolution)
+    if checkpoint == ModelSize.LARGE:
+        return RFDETRLarge(device=device, resolution=resolution)
+    raise RuntimeError("Unhandled checkpoint type.")
+
+
+def adjust_resolution(checkpoint: ModelSize | str, resolution: int) -> int:
+    checkpoint = ModelSize.from_value(checkpoint)
+    divisor = (
+        32 if checkpoint in {ModelSize.NANO, ModelSize.SMALL, ModelSize.MEDIUM} else 56
+    )
+    remainder = resolution % divisor
+    if remainder == 0:
+        return resolution
+    lower = resolution - remainder
+    upper = lower + divisor
+    return lower if resolution - lower < upper - resolution else upper
+
+
+COLORS = sv.ColorPalette.from_hex(["#E6194B", "#3CB44B", "#FFE119", "#3C76D1"])
+COLOR_ANNOTATOR = sv.ColorAnnotator(color=COLORS)
+LABEL_ANNOTATOR = sv.LabelAnnotator(
+    color=COLORS, text_color=sv.Color.from_hex("#000000")
+)
+
+
+class CustomSink:
+    def __init__(self, zone_configuration_path: str, classes: list[int]):
+        self.classes = classes
+        self.tracker = sv.ByteTrack(minimum_matching_threshold=0.8)
+        self.fps_monitor = sv.FPSMonitor()
+        self.polygons = load_zones_config(file_path=zone_configuration_path)
+        self.timers = [ClockBasedTimer() for _ in self.polygons]
+        self.zones = [
+            sv.PolygonZone(
+                polygon=polygon,
+                triggering_anchors=(sv.Position.CENTER,),
+            )
+            for polygon in self.polygons
+        ]
+
+    def on_prediction(self, detections: sv.Detections, frame: VideoFrame) -> None:
+        self.fps_monitor.tick()
+        fps = self.fps_monitor.fps
+        detections = detections[find_in_list(detections.class_id, self.classes)]
+        detections = self.tracker.update_with_detections(detections)
+        annotated_frame = frame.image.copy()
+        annotated_frame = sv.draw_text(
+            scene=annotated_frame,
+            text=f"{fps:.1f}",
+            text_anchor=sv.Point(40, 30),
+            background_color=sv.Color.from_hex("#A351FB"),
+            text_color=sv.Color.from_hex("#000000"),
+        )
+        for idx, zone in enumerate(self.zones):
+            annotated_frame = sv.draw_polygon(
+                scene=annotated_frame,
+                polygon=zone.polygon,
+                color=COLORS.by_idx(idx),
+            )
+            detections_in_zone = detections[zone.trigger(detections)]
+            time_in_zone = self.timers[idx].tick(detections_in_zone)
+            custom_color_lookup = np.full(detections_in_zone.class_id.shape, idx)
+            annotated_frame = COLOR_ANNOTATOR.annotate(
+                scene=annotated_frame,
+                detections=detections_in_zone,
+                custom_color_lookup=custom_color_lookup,
+            )
+            labels = [
+                f"#{tracker_id} {int(t // 60):02d}:{int(t % 60):02d}"
+                for tracker_id, t in zip(detections_in_zone.tracker_id, time_in_zone)
+            ]
+            annotated_frame = LABEL_ANNOTATOR.annotate(
+                scene=annotated_frame,
+                detections=detections_in_zone,
+                labels=labels,
+                custom_color_lookup=custom_color_lookup,
+            )
+        cv2.imshow("Processed Video", annotated_frame)
+        cv2.waitKey(1)
+
+
+def main(
+    rtsp_url: str,
+    zone_configuration_path: str,
+    resolution: int,
+    model_size: str = "small",
+    device: str = "cpu",
+    confidence_threshold: float = 0.3,
+    iou_threshold: float = 0.7,
+    classes: list[int] = [],
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Calculating detections dwell time in zones using an RTSP stream.
+
+    Args:
+        rtsp_url: Complete RTSP URL for the video stream
+        zone_configuration_path: Path to the zone configuration JSON file
+        resolution: Input resolution for the model
+        model_size: RF-DETR model size ('nano', 'small', 'medium', 'base' or 'large')
+        device: Computation device ('cpu', 'mps' or 'cuda')
+        confidence_threshold: Confidence level for detections (0 to 1)
+        iou_threshold: IOU threshold for non-max suppression
+        classes: List of class IDs to track. If empty, all classes are tracked
+    """
+    resolution = adjust_resolution(checkpoint=model_size, resolution=resolution)
+    model = load_model(checkpoint=model_size, device=device, resolution=resolution)
+
+    def inference_callback(frames: list[VideoFrame]) -> list[sv.Detections]:
+        dets = model.predict(frames[0].image, threshold=confidence_threshold)
+        return [dets.with_nms(threshold=iou_threshold)]
+
+    sink = CustomSink(zone_configuration_path=zone_configuration_path, classes=classes)
+    pipeline = InferencePipeline.init_with_custom_logic(
+        video_reference=rtsp_url,
+        on_video_frame=inference_callback,
+        on_prediction=sink.on_prediction,
+    )
+    pipeline.start()
+    try:
+        pipeline.join()
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        pipeline.terminate()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from jsonargparse import auto_cli, set_parsing_settings
+
+    set_parsing_settings(parse_optionals_as_positionals=True)
+    auto_cli(main, as_positional=False)

examples/time_in_zone/scripts/download_from_youtube.py

@@ -1,47 +1,63 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import argparse
 import os
+import sys
+from typing import Any
 
-from pytubefix import YouTube
+import yt_dlp
+from jsonargparse import auto_cli
+from yt_dlp.utils import DownloadError
 
 
-def main(url: str, output_path: str | None, file_name: str | None) -> None:
-    yt = YouTube(url)
-    stream = yt.streams.get_highest_resolution()
+def _build_ydl_opts(output_path: str | None, file_name: str | None) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    out_dir = output_path or "."
 
-    if not os.path.exists(output_path):
-        os.makedirs(output_path)
+    if not os.path.exists(out_dir):
+        os.makedirs(out_dir)
 
-    stream.download(output_path=output_path, filename=file_name)
-    final_name = file_name if file_name else yt.title
+    name_template = file_name if file_name else "%(title)s.%(ext)s"
+
+    return {
+        "format": (
+            "bestvideo[ext=mp4][vcodec!*=av01][height<=2160]+bestaudio[ext=m4a]/"
+            "best[ext=mp4][vcodec!*=av01][height<=2160]/"
+            "bestvideo+bestaudio/best"
+        ),
+        "merge_output_format": "mp4",
+        "outtmpl": os.path.join(out_dir, name_template),
+        "quiet": False,
+        "noplaylist": True,
+    }
+
+
+def main(
+    url: str, output_path: str = "data/source", file_name: str = "video.mp4"
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Download a specific YouTube video by providing its URL.
+
+    Args:
+        url: The full URL of the YouTube video you wish to download.
+        output_path: Specifies the directory where the video will be saved.
+        file_name: Sets the name of the saved video file.
+    """
+    # ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
+    ydl_opts = _build_ydl_opts(output_path, file_name)
+
+    try:
+        with yt_dlp.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:
+            ydl.download([url])
+    except DownloadError as err:
+        print(f"Download failed: {err}", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    final_name = file_name if file_name else "the video title"
     final_path = output_path if output_path else "current directory"
     print(f"Download completed! Video saved as '{final_name}' in '{final_path}'.")
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="Download a specific YouTube video by providing its URL."
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--url",
-        type=str,
-        required=True,
-        help="The full URL of the YouTube video you wish to download.",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--output_path",
-        type=str,
-        default="data/source",
-        required=False,
-        help="Optional. Specifies the directory where the video will be saved.",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--file_name",
-        type=str,
-        default="video.mp4",
-        required=False,
-        help="Optional. Sets the name of the saved video file.",
-    )
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-    main(url=args.url, output_path=args.output_path, file_name=args.file_name)
+    from jsonargparse import auto_cli, set_parsing_settings
+
+    set_parsing_settings(parse_optionals_as_positionals=True)
+    auto_cli(main, as_positional=False)

examples/time_in_zone/scripts/draw_zones.py

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import argparse
 import json
 import os
 from typing import Any
 
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
+from jsonargparse import auto_cli
 
 import supervision as sv
 
@@ -126,6 +126,13 @@ def save_polygons_to_json(polygons, target_path):
 
 
 def main(source_path: str, zone_configuration_path: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Interactively draw polygons on images or video frames and save the annotations.
+
+    Args:
+        source_path: Path to the source image or video file for drawing polygons.
+        zone_configuration_path: Path where the polygon annotations saved as JSON file.
+    """
     global current_mouse_position
     original_image = resolve_source(source_path=source_path)
     if original_image is None:
@@ -155,24 +162,7 @@ def main(source_path: str, zone_configuration_path: str) -> None:
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="Interactively draw polygons on images or video frames and save "
-        "the annotations."
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--source_path",
-        type=str,
-        required=True,
-        help="Path to the source image or video file for drawing polygons.",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--zone_configuration_path",
-        type=str,
-        required=True,
-        help="Path where the polygon annotations will be saved as a JSON file.",
-    )
-    arguments = parser.parse_args()
-    main(
-        source_path=arguments.source_path,
-        zone_configuration_path=arguments.zone_configuration_path,
-    )
+    from jsonargparse import auto_cli, set_parsing_settings
+
+    set_parsing_settings(parse_optionals_as_positionals=True)
+    auto_cli(main, as_positional=False)

examples/time_in_zone/scripts/stream_from_file.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import argparse
 import os
 import subprocess
 import tempfile
@@ -6,12 +5,20 @@ from glob import glob
 from threading import Thread
 
 import yaml
+from jsonargparse import auto_cli
 
 SERVER_CONFIG = {"protocols": ["tcp"], "paths": {"all": {"source": "publisher"}}}
 BASE_STREAM_URL = "rtsp://localhost:8554/live"
 
 
-def main(video_directory: str, number_of_streams: int) -> None:
+def main(video_directory: str, number_of_streams: int = 6) -> None:
+    """
+    Script to stream videos using RTSP protocol.
+
+    Args:
+        video_directory: Directory containing video files to stream.
+        number_of_streams: Number of video files to stream.
+    """
     video_files = find_video_files_in_directory(video_directory, number_of_streams)
     try:
         with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temporary_directory:
@@ -77,28 +84,12 @@ def run_command_in_thread(command: list) -> Thread:
 
 
 def run_command(command: list) -> int:
-    process = subprocess.run(command)
+    process = subprocess.run(command)  # noqa: S603 # TODO: Validate command input to prevent execution of untrusted input
     return process.returncode
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="Script to stream videos using RTSP protocol."
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--video_directory",
-        type=str,
-        required=True,
-        help="Directory containing video files to stream.",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--number_of_streams",
-        type=int,
-        default=6,
-        help="Number of video files to stream.",
-    )
-    arguments = parser.parse_args()
-    main(
-        video_directory=arguments.video_directory,
-        number_of_streams=arguments.number_of_streams,
-    )
+    from jsonargparse import auto_cli, set_parsing_settings
+
+    set_parsing_settings(parse_optionals_as_positionals=True)
+    auto_cli(main, as_positional=False)