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Piotr Skalski 7ecfc9f475 Merge pull request #1908 from roboflow/develop
`supervision-0.26.1` release
2025-07-23 08:46:45 +02:00
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# see https://docs.codecov.io/docs/codecov-yaml
# Validation check:
# $ curl --data-binary @.codecov.yml https://codecov.io/validate
# https://docs.codecov.io/docs/codecovyml-reference
codecov:
bot: "codecov-io"
strict_yaml_branch: "yaml-config"
require_ci_to_pass: yes
notify:
# after_n_builds: 2
wait_for_ci: yes
coverage:
precision: 0 # 2 = xx.xx%, 0 = xx%
round: nearest # how coverage is rounded: down/up/nearest
range: 40...100 # custom range of coverage colors from red -> yellow -> green
status:
project:
default:
informational: true
target: 95% # specify the target coverage for each commit status
threshold: 10% # allow this little decrease on project
# branches: master
if_ci_failed: error
patch:
default:
informational: true
target: 95% # enforce same coverage target for new/changed code as the project
threshold: 10% # allow only a small decrease on patch coverage
changes: false
# https://docs.codecov.com/docs/github-checks#disabling-github-checks-patch-annotations
github_checks:
annotations: false
comment:
layout: header, diff
require_changes: false
behavior: default # update if exists else create new
# branches: *
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# Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct
## Our Pledge
We as members, contributors, and leaders pledge to make participation in our community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body size, visible or invisible disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender identity and expression, level of experience, education, socioeconomic status, nationality, personal appearance, race, caste, color, religion, or sexual identity and orientation.
We pledge to act and interact in ways that contribute to an open, welcoming, diverse, inclusive, and healthy community.
## Our Standards
Examples of behavior that contributes to a positive environment for our community include:
- Demonstrating empathy and kindness toward other people
- Being respectful of differing opinions, viewpoints, and experiences
- Giving and gracefully accepting constructive feedback
- Accepting responsibility and apologizing to those affected by our mistakes, and learning from the experience
- Focusing on what is best not just for us as individuals, but for the overall community
Examples of unacceptable behavior include:
- The use of sexualized language or imagery, and sexual attention or advances of any kind
- Trolling, insulting or derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
- Public or private harassment
- Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or email address, without their explicit permission
- Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a professional setting
## Enforcement Responsibilities
Community leaders are responsible for clarifying and enforcing our standards of acceptable behavior and will take appropriate and fair corrective action in response to any behavior that they deem inappropriate, threatening, offensive, or harmful.
Community leaders have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions that are not aligned to this Code of Conduct, and will communicate reasons for moderation decisions when appropriate.
## Scope
This Code of Conduct applies within all community spaces, and also applies when an individual is officially representing the community in public spaces. Examples of representing our community include using an official e-mail address, posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed representative at an online or offline event.
## Enforcement
Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be reported to the community leaders responsible for enforcement at community-reports@roboflow.com.
All complaints will be reviewed and investigated promptly and fairly.
All community leaders are obligated to respect the privacy and security of the reporter of any incident.
## Enforcement Guidelines
Community leaders will follow these Community Impact Guidelines in determining the consequences for any action they deem in violation of this Code of Conduct:
### 1. Correction
**Community Impact**: Use of inappropriate language or other behavior deemed unprofessional or unwelcome in the community.
**Consequence**: A private, written warning from community leaders, providing clarity around the nature of the violation and an explanation of why the behavior was inappropriate. A public apology may be requested.
### 2. Warning
**Community Impact**: A violation through a single incident or series of actions.
**Consequence**: A warning with consequences for continued behavior. No interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction with those enforcing the Code of Conduct, for a specified period of time. This includes avoiding interactions in community spaces as well as external channels like social media. Violating these terms may lead to a temporary or permanent ban.
### 3. Temporary Ban
**Community Impact**: A serious violation of community standards, including sustained inappropriate behavior.
**Consequence**: A temporary ban from any sort of interaction or public communication with the community for a specified period of time. No public or private interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction with those enforcing the Code of Conduct, is allowed during this period. Violating these terms may lead to a permanent ban.
### 4. Permanent Ban
**Community Impact**: Demonstrating a pattern of violation of community standards, including sustained inappropriate behavior, harassment of an individual, or aggression toward or disparagement of classes of individuals.
**Consequence**: A permanent ban from any sort of public interaction within the community.
## Attribution
This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant][homepage], version 2.1, available at [https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/1/code_of_conduct.html][v2.1].
Community Impact Guidelines were inspired by [Mozilla's code of conduct enforcement ladder][mozilla coc].
For answers to common questions about this code of conduct, see the FAQ at [https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq][faq]. Translations are available at [https://www.contributor-covenant.org/translations][translations].
[faq]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq
[homepage]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org
[mozilla coc]: https://github.com/mozilla/diversity
[translations]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org/translations
[v2.1]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/1/code_of_conduct.html
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# Contributing to Supervision 🛠️
Thank you for your interest in contributing to Supervision!
We are actively improving this library to reduce the amount of work you need to do to solve common computer vision problems.
## Code of Conduct
Please read and adhere to our [Code of Conduct](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/code_of_conduct/). This document outlines the expected behavior for all participants in our project.
## Table of Contents
- [Contribution Guidelines](#contribution-guidelines)
- [Contributing Features](#contributing-features)
- [API Design Principles](#api-design-principles)
- [How to Contribute Changes](#how-to-contribute-changes)
- [Installation for Contributors](#installation-for-contributors)
- [Code Style and Quality](#code-style-and-quality)
- [Pre-commit tool](#pre-commit-tool)
- [Docstrings](#docstrings)
- [Type checking](#type-checking)
- [Documentation](#documentation)
- [Cookbooks](#cookbooks)
- [Tests](#tests)
- [License](#license)
## Contribution Guidelines
We welcome contributions to:
1. Add a new feature to the library (guidance below).
2. Improve our documentation and add examples to make it clear how to leverage the supervision library.
3. Report bugs and issues in the project.
4. Submit a request for a new feature.
5. Improve our test coverage.
### Contributing Features ✨
Supervision is designed to provide generic utilities to solve problems. Thus, we focus on contributions that can have an impact on a wide range of projects.
For example, counting objects that cross a line anywhere on an image is a common problem in computer vision, but counting objects that cross a line 75% of the way through is less useful.
Before you contribute a new feature, consider submitting an Issue to discuss the feature so the community can weigh in and assist.
### API Design Principles
Supervision APIs should remain generic, composable, and predictable across model families. Before adding a new integration, annotator option, or data conversion method, check the existing `sv.Detections`, `sv.KeyPoints`, and annotator patterns and follow these principles:
1. **Model integrations normalize raw external outputs into existing Supervision containers.** Use `sv.Detections` for detection, segmentation, and other instance-level predictions that include boxes, masks, class ids, confidence scores, or extra per-instance fields. Use `sv.KeyPoints` for standalone keypoint or pose predictions when keypoints exist independently of detection boxes (e.g. pure pose estimation, landmark detection on pre-cropped images). Use `Detections.keypoints` when keypoints are always co-incident with boxes from the same model — the field stores an `(n, K, 2)` or `(n, K, 3)` array where the optional third channel is per-point confidence in `[0, 1]`.
2. **Do not add a `from_<model>` method when the model already returns a Supervision object.** `from_*` methods are for converting raw outputs from external packages such as Ultralytics, Transformers, Inference, or MediaPipe. If a model's `predict()` method already returns `sv.Detections`, keep that result type and store additional structured payloads in `detections.data` or `detections.metadata` using documented keys.
3. **Annotators render data; filtering and visibility are container state.** Filtering by confidence, class id, tracker id, geometry, or custom data should happen before annotation through the container slicing APIs, for example `detections[detections.confidence > 0.7]` or `key_points[key_points.confidence > 0.5]`. Per-point presentation state, such as a `KeyPoints.visible` mask, may live on the container and be honored consistently by annotators.
4. **Annotator constructor arguments should describe visual presentation, not model-quality gates.** Use constructor arguments for color, thickness, opacity, text, position, style, and generic visualization parameters such as sigma levels. Annotators may skip invalid geometry defensively, including missing points, zero-area boxes, non-finite coordinates, or points marked invisible on the container. They should not introduce confidence thresholds or model-specific quality gates as rendering options.
## How to Contribute Changes
First, fork this repository to your own GitHub account. Click "fork" in the top corner of the `supervision` repository to get started:
![Forking the repository](https://media.roboflow.com/fork.png)
![Creating a repository fork](https://media.roboflow.com/create_fork.png)
Then, run `git clone` to download the project code to your computer.
You should also set up `roboflow/supervision` as an "upstream" remote (that is, tell git that the reference Supervision repository was the source of your fork of it):
```bash
git remote add upstream https://github.com/roboflow/supervision.git
git fetch upstream
```
Move to a new branch using the `git checkout` command:
```bash
git checkout -b <scope>/<your_branch_name> upstream/develop
```
The name you choose for your branch should describe the change you want to make and start with an appropriate prefix:
- `feat/`: for new features (e.g., `feat/line-counter`)
- `fix/`: for bug fixes (e.g., `fix/memory-leak`)
- `docs/`: for documentation changes (e.g., `docs/update-readme`)
- `chore/`: for routine tasks, maintenance, or tooling changes (e.g., `chore/update-dependencies`)
- `test/`: for adding or modifying tests (e.g., `test/add-unit-tests`)
- `refactor/`: for code refactoring (e.g., `refactor/simplify-algorithm`)
Make any changes you want to the project code, then run the following commands to commit your changes:
```bash
git add -A
git commit -m "feat: add line counter functionality"
git push -u origin <your_branch_name>
```
Use conventional commit messages to clearly describe your changes. The format is:
```
<type>[optional scope]: <description>
```
Common types include:
- `feat`: A new feature
- `fix`: A bug fix
- `docs`: Documentation only changes
- `style`: Changes that do not affect the meaning of the code (white-space, formatting, etc)
- `refactor`: A code change that neither fixes a bug nor adds a feature
- `perf`: A code change that improves performance
- `test`: Adding missing tests or correcting existing tests
- `chore`: Changes to the build process or auxiliary tools and libraries
Then, go back to your fork of the `supervision` repository, click "Pull Requests", and click "New Pull Request".
![Opening a pull request](https://media.roboflow.com/open_pr.png)
Make sure the `base` branch is `develop` before submitting your PR.
On the next page, review your changes then click "Create pull request":
![Configuring a pull request](https://media.roboflow.com/create_pr_submit.png)
Next, write a description for your pull request, and click "Create pull request" again to submit it for review:
![Submitting a pull request](https://media.roboflow.com/write_pr.png)
When creating new functions, please ensure you have the following:
1. Docstrings for the function and all parameters.
2. Unit tests for the function.
3. Examples in the documentation for the function.
4. Created an entry in our docs to autogenerate the documentation for the function.
5. Please share a Google Colab with minimal code to test a new feature or reproduce the issue whenever possible. Please ensure that Google Colab can be accessed without any restrictions.
When you submit your Pull Request, you will be asked to sign a Contributor License Agreement (CLA) by the `cla-assistant` GitHub bot. We can only respond to PRs from contributors who have signed the project CLA.
All pull requests will be reviewed by the maintainers of the project. We will provide feedback and ask for changes if necessary.
PRs must pass all tests and linting requirements before they can be merged.
## Installation for Contributors
Before starting your work on the project, set up your development environment:
1. **Clone your fork of the project:**
**Option A: Recommended for most contributors (shallow clone of develop branch):**
```bash
git clone --depth 1 -b develop https://github.com/YOUR_USERNAME/supervision.git
cd supervision
```
Replace `YOUR_USERNAME` with your GitHub username.
> **Note**: Using `--depth 1` creates a shallow clone with minimal history and `-b develop` ensures you start with the development branch. This significantly reduces download size while providing everything needed to contribute.
**Option B: Full repository clone (if you need complete history):**
```bash
git clone https://github.com/YOUR_USERNAME/supervision.git
cd supervision
git checkout develop
```
2. **Set up the upstream remote:**
```bash
git remote add upstream https://github.com/roboflow/supervision.git
git fetch upstream
```
3. **Create and activate a virtual environment:**
**On Linux/macOS:**
```bash
python3 -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
```
**On Windows:**
```cmd
python -m venv .venv
.venv\Scripts\activate
```
4. **Install `uv`:**
Follow the instructions on the [uv installation page](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/getting-started/installation/).
5. **Install project dependencies:**
```bash
uv pip install -r pyproject.toml --group dev --group docs --extra metrics
```
6. **Verify the setup:**
```bash
uv run pytest
```
## 🎨 Code Style and Quality
### Pre-commit tool
This project uses the [pre-commit](https://pre-commit.com/) tool to maintain code quality and consistency. Before submitting a pull request or making any commits, it is important to run the pre-commit tool to ensure that your changes meet the project's guidelines.
Furthermore, we have integrated a pre-commit GitHub Action into our workflow. This means that with every pull request opened, the pre-commit checks will be automatically enforced, streamlining the code review process and ensuring that all contributions adhere to our quality standards.
To run the pre-commit tool, follow these steps:
1. **Install pre-commit** (already included if you followed the installation steps above):
```bash
uv sync --group dev
```
2. **Navigate to the project's root directory** (if not already there).
3. **Run pre-commit checks**:
```bash
uv run pre-commit run --all-files
```
This will execute the pre-commit hooks configured for this project. If any issues are found, the pre-commit tool will provide feedback on how to resolve them. Make the necessary changes and re-run the command until all issues are resolved.
4. **Install pre-commit as a git hook** (optional but recommended):
```bash
uv run pre-commit install
```
This will automatically run pre-commit checks every time you make a `git commit`.
### Docstrings
All new functions and classes in `supervision` should include docstrings. This is a prerequisite for any new functions and classes to be added to the library.
`supervision` adheres to the [Google Python docstring style](https://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html#383-functions-and-methods). Please refer to the style guide while writing docstrings for your contribution.
Every docstring should include a usage example. When the example only uses `supervision`, NumPy, and the standard library — no optional extras, no external files or network access — strongly prefer `>>>` doctest format so it is automatically verified by the test suite. See [Doctests](#doctests) below for syntax guidance and for when fenced ```` ```python ```` blocks are appropriate instead.
### Type checking
Type hints are required on all new code. mypy is enforced by the pre-commit hook configured in `.pre-commit-config.yaml` — your PR will fail CI if mypy reports errors.
### Readability
Avoid multi-branch conditional expressions inside function or constructor arguments. If an argument needs more than a simple `a if condition else b`, assign it to a named local variable before the call.
### Performance
- Avoid unnecessary copies of NumPy arrays.
- Prefer vectorized operations over Python loops in hot paths.
- Lazy-import heavy framework dependencies (`torch`, `transformers`, `ultralytics`) inside the function that needs them — never at module top level.
### Deprecation policy
**Minimum window**: deprecated APIs must remain for at least **3 minor releases** before removal. Example: deprecated in `0.29.0` → removed in `0.32.0`.
Use the appropriate mechanism depending on what is being deprecated:
- **Module-level alias**: `supervision.utils.internal.warn_deprecated` in the deprecated module's `__init__.py`
- **Renamed parameter**: `supervision.utils.internal.deprecated_parameter` decorator
- **Public function, method, or class**: `@deprecated` from `pydeprecate`
Always specify both the deprecation version and the planned removal version in the message or decorator arguments.
### Deprecated module aliases
`supervision.keypoint` is deprecated since `0.27.0` and will be removed in `0.30.0`. Always import from `supervision.key_points`:
```python
from supervision.key_points import KeyPoints # correct
```
## 📝 Documentation
The `supervision` documentation is stored in a folder called `docs`. The project documentation is built using `mkdocs`.
To run the documentation locally:
1. **Install documentation dependencies** (if not already installed):
```bash
uv sync --group docs
```
2. **Start the documentation server**:
```bash
uv run mkdocs serve
```
3. **Access the documentation** at `http://127.0.0.1:8000` in your browser.
You can learn more about mkdocs on the [mkdocs website](https://www.mkdocs.org/).
## 🧑‍🍳 Cookbooks
We are always looking for new examples and cookbooks to add to the `supervision` documentation. If you have a use case that you think would be helpful to others, please submit a PR with your example. Here are some guidelines for submitting a new example:
- Create a new notebook in the [`docs/notebooks`](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/tree/develop/docs/notebooks) folder.
- Add a link to the new notebook in [`docs/theme/cookbooks.html`](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/develop/docs/theme/cookbooks.html). Make sure to add the path to the new notebook, as well as a title, labels, author and supervision version.
- Use the [Count Objects Crossing the Line](https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/notebooks/count-objects-crossing-the-line/) example as a template for your new example.
- Pin the version of `supervision` you are using in the notebook.
- Place an appropriate "Open in Colab" button at the top of the notebook. You can find an example of such a button in the aforementioned `Count Objects Crossing the Line` cookbook.
- **Notebook should be self-contained**. If you rely on external data (videos, images, etc.) or libraries, include download and installation commands in the notebook.
- Annotate the code with appropriate comments, including links to the documentation describing each of the tools you have used.
## 🧪 Tests
[`pytest`](https://docs.pytest.org/en/7.1.x/) is used to run our tests.
To run tests:
```bash
uv run pytest
```
To run tests with coverage:
```bash
uv run pytest --cov=supervision
```
### Test Structure
Follow **Arrange-Act-Assert (AAA)**: one setup block, one action, one assertion group per test. Never put two independent actions in the same test.
**Class grouping:** Group related tests into a class. The class name carries the unit under test; method names describe the expected outcome only — not the mechanism.
```python
class TestDetectionsWithNms:
def test_keeps_highest_confidence_detection(self): ...
def test_suppresses_lower_score_when_overlap_exceeds_threshold(self): ...
def test_raises_when_confidence_missing(self): ...
```
**Parametrize aggressively:** Three or more structurally identical tests should become a single `@pytest.mark.parametrize` case. Use `pytest.param(..., id="slug")` per case — not `ids=[...]` on the decorator — so the ID stays co-located with its arguments and survives reordering.
```python
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
("overlap_metric", "expected_keep"),
[
pytest.param(OverlapMetric.IOU, [True, True], id="iou-keeps-both"),
pytest.param(OverlapMetric.IOS, [True, False], id="ios-suppresses-small"),
],
)
def test_overlap_metric_determines_suppression(
overlap_metric: OverlapMetric, expected_keep: list[bool]
) -> None:
"""Small box inside large: IOU keeps both; IOS suppresses small."""
...
```
**Docstrings:** Every test function/method requires at minimum a one-line docstring (within the project line length configured in `pyproject.toml`). Describe the scenario, not the implementation.
### Doctests
**Guidance:** when an example uses only `supervision`, NumPy, and the standard library — no optional extras (e.g. no `--extra metrics` packages), no external files, no network, no devices — prefer `>>>` doctest format so it is automatically verified by the test suite. Fenced ```` ```python ```` blocks are appropriate when the example cannot reasonably be executed (e.g. loading a third-party model, reading a video file) or when the primary purpose is demonstrating error/exception behaviour rather than return values.
Doctests run automatically as part of the test suite via `--doctest-modules` in `pyproject.toml`. The `ELLIPSIS` and `NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE` flags are enabled globally, so `...` matches any output fragment and minor whitespace differences are ignored.
```bash
uv run pytest --doctest-modules src/
```
**Writing a doctest**
Use the `Example:` section of a Google-style docstring. Prefix each input line with `>>>` and each continuation line with `...`. Place expected output immediately after the last input line with no blank line between them.
```python
def clip_boxes(xyxy: np.ndarray, resolution_wh: tuple) -> np.ndarray:
"""Clip bounding boxes to frame boundaries.
Args:
xyxy: Box coordinates as (N, 4) float array.
resolution_wh: Frame size as (width, height).
Returns:
Clipped boxes as (N, 4) float array.
Example:
>>> import numpy as np
>>> import supervision as sv
>>> boxes = np.array([[-10, -5, 120, 80]], dtype=np.float32)
>>> sv.clip_boxes(boxes, resolution_wh=(100, 60))
array([[ 0., 0., 100., 60.]], dtype=float32)
"""
```
### Key rules
- **Single-line expression** — write the repr as expected output: `>>> len(result)` → `1`
- **Multi-line statement** — use `...` continuation: `>>> arr = np.array([` / `... [1, 2],` / `... ])`
- **Print output** — write the printed string as expected output (no quotes).
- **`None` return** — no output line needed (suppress with assignment or `_ =`).
- **Large/variable arrays** — use `ELLIPSIS`: `array([...])` matches any content.
- **`# doctest: +SKIP`** — use only as a last resort for genuinely non-runnable lines (e.g. a GPU-only call inside an otherwise runnable example). Prefer splitting the example into two blocks instead.
Fenced ```` ```python ```` blocks remain appropriate for:
- Examples that import optional extras (`supervision[metrics]`, `torch`, `ultralytics`).
- Examples that read files, capture video, or require a running service.
- Illustrative pseudocode that is intentionally incomplete.
## 🔍 PR Review Guidelines
These guidelines help reviewers provide consistent, actionable feedback efficiently. Your goals: validate completeness, identify risks, provide actionable feedback, and highlight quality gaps.
### Overall Recommendation
Start with a clear recommendation using these levels:
- 🟢 **Approve** — Ready to merge
- 🟡 **Minor Suggestions** — Improvements recommended but not blocking
- 🟠 **Request Changes** — Must address issues before merge
- 🔴 **Block** — Critical issues require major rework
Example: `🟠 Request Changes — Missing unit tests for PolygonMerger and no mkdocs entry.`
### PR Completeness
Verify requirements are met (✅ Complete / ⚠️ Incomplete / ❌ Missing / 🔵 N/A):
- [ ] Clear description of what changed and why
- [ ] Tests added/updated for new functionality or bug fixes
- [ ] Docstrings follow [Google-style](https://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html#383-functions-and-methods)
- [ ] Docs entry added to mkdocs (new functions/classes only)
- [ ] Google Colab provided (if demonstrating feature/fix)
- [ ] Screenshots/videos included (visual changes only)
Call out missing items explicitly in your review.
### Quality Scores
Use **n/5 scoring** with inline code comments for specifics:
**Code Quality (n/5):**
- 5/5 🟢 Excellent — 4/5 🟢 Good — 3/5 🟡 Acceptable — 2/5 🟠 Needs Work — 1/5 🔴 Poor
- Check: correctness (edge cases, None checks, bounds), Python best practices (idiomatic patterns, error handling, type hints), project conventions (docstrings, linting, import order, PEP 8 naming)
**Testing (n/5):**
- 5/5 🟢 Comprehensive — 4/5 🟢 Good — 3/5 🟡 Adequate — 2/5 🟠 Insufficient — 1/5 🔴 Missing
- Verify: unit tests for new code, edge cases covered, specific assertions, realistic scenarios, clear test names
**Documentation (n/5):**
- 5/5 🟢 Excellent — 4/5 🟢 Good — 3/5 🟡 Adequate — 2/5 🟠 Insufficient — 1/5 🔴 Missing
- Confirm: docstrings for public functions/classes, parameters/returns/exceptions documented, usage examples, mkdocs integration, changelog entry for user-facing changes
### Risk Assessment
Flag risks with severity (5/5 🔴 Critical — 4/5 🟠 High — 3/5 🟡 Medium — 2/5 🟢 Low — 1/5 🟢 Negligible):
**Common risk categories:**
1. **Breaking changes** — API changes, removed features, behavior modifications (must include migration guide)
2. **Performance** — Inefficient algorithms, memory-intensive operations, bottlenecks
3. **Compatibility** — New Python/dependency requirements, platform-specific code
4. **Security** — Unvalidated input, code execution risks, data exposure
### Review Summary Template
```markdown
## Review Summary
**Recommendation:** [emoji] [Status] — [justification]
**PR Completeness:**
- ✅ Complete: [items]
- ❌ Missing: [gaps]
**Quality Scores:**
- Code: n/5 [emoji] — [reason]
- Testing: n/5 [emoji] — [reason]
- Documentation: n/5 [emoji] — [reason]
**Risk Level:** n/5 [emoji] — [description]
**Critical Issues (Must Fix):**
1. [Issue] — See comment on `file.py`
**Suggestions (Optional):**
1. [Improvement] — See suggestion on `file.py`
**Next Steps:**
1. [Action item]
```
### Review Best Practices
**DO:** Use inline GitHub comments with suggestions, explain *why* (not just *what*), distinguish blocking vs. nice-to-have, acknowledge good work, run linter if needed (`uv run pre-commit run --all-files`)
**DON'T:** Mention line numbers in summary (use inline comments), give vague feedback, nitpick style (defer to tools), assume knowledge of conventions, block on minor issues
**Tone:** Be respectful, specific, pragmatic, and consistent. Focus on actionable feedback that moves PRs toward merge.
## 📄 License
By contributing, you agree that your contributions will be licensed under an [MIT license](../LICENSE.md).
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name: 🐞 Bug Report
title: "[Bug]: "
description: Report a bug or unexpected behavior in Supervision
# title: " "
description: Problems with Supervision
labels: [bug]
body:
- type: markdown
attributes:
value: |
Thank you for submitting a Supervision 🐞 Bug Report!
- type: checkboxes
attributes:
label: Search before asking
description: Please search [issues](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues) and [discussions](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/discussions) first.
description: >
Please search the [issues](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues) to see if a similar bug report already exists.
options:
- label: I have searched the issues and discussions and found no similar bug report.
- label: >
I have searched the Supervision [issues](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues) and found no similar bug report.
required: true
- type: textarea
attributes:
label: Bug
description: Describe the bug, what you expected, and what actually happened.
description: Provide console output with error messages and/or screenshots of the bug.
placeholder: |
**What's the bug?**
Brief description...
**Expected behavior:**
What should happen...
**Actual behavior:**
What actually happens...
**Error/Traceback (if any):**
```python
# Paste error messages here
```
💡 ProTip! Include as much information as possible (screenshots, logs, tracebacks etc.) to receive the most helpful response.
validations:
required: true
- type: textarea
attributes:
label: Environment
description: Your setup details
description: Please specify the software and hardware you used to produce the bug.
placeholder: |
- Supervision: 0.23.0
- Python: 3.10.12
- OS: Ubuntu 22.04
value: |
- Supervision:
- Python:
- OS:
- Supervision: 0.1.0
- OS: Ubuntu 20.04
- Python: 3.8.10
validations:
required: true
required: false
- type: textarea
attributes:
label: Minimal Reproducible Example
description: Code to reproduce the bug ([guide](https://stackoverflow.com/help/minimal-reproducible-example))
description: >
When asking a question, people will be better able to provide help if you provide code that they can easily understand and use to **reproduce** the problem.
This is referred to by community members as creating a [minimal reproducible example](https://stackoverflow.com/help/minimal-reproducible-example).
placeholder: |
```python
import supervision as sv
# Your code here
```
# Code to reproduce your issue here
```
validations:
required: false
- type: textarea
attributes:
label: Additional
description: Anything else you would like to share?
- type: checkboxes
attributes:
label: Are you willing to submit a PR?
description: (Optional) We encourage community contributions!
description: >
(Optional) We encourage you to submit a [Pull Request](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pulls) (PR) to help improve Supervision for everyone, especially if you have a good understanding of how to implement a fix or feature.
options:
- label: Yes I'd like to help by submitting a PR!
-17
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@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
blank_issues_enabled: false
contact_links:
- name: ❓ Ask a Question
url: https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/discussions/new?category=q-a
about: Ask questions about using Supervision in GitHub Discussions
- name: 📚 Documentation
url: https://supervision.roboflow.com/
about: Check the official Supervision documentation for guides and API references
- name: 💬 GitHub Discussions
url: https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/discussions
about: Join community discussions, share ideas, and get help
- name: 🌟 Show and Tell
url: https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/discussions/categories/show-and-tell
about: Share your projects and creations built with Supervision
- name: 🗣️ Roboflow Discord
url: https://discord.com/invite/GbfgXGJ8Bk
about: Join our Discord to collaborate with other community members
+19 -20
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
name: 🤩 Feature Request
title: "[Feature]: "
description: Suggest a new feature or improvement
description: Suggest a Supervision idea
# title: " "
labels: [enhancement]
body:
- type: markdown
@@ -11,40 +11,39 @@ body:
- type: checkboxes
attributes:
label: Search before asking
description: Please search [issues](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues) and [discussions](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/discussions) first.
description: >
Please search the [issues](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues) to see if a similar feature request already exists.
options:
- label: I have searched the issues and discussions and found no similar feature request.
- label: >
I have searched the Supervision [issues](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues) and found no similar feature requests.
required: true
- type: textarea
attributes:
label: Feature Description
description: What feature would you like and why?
label: Description
description: A short description of your feature.
placeholder: |
**What:** Describe the feature...
**Why:** What problem does it solve? Who would benefit?
**How (optional):** Any ideas on implementation?
What new feature would you like to see in Supervision?
validations:
required: true
- type: textarea
attributes:
label: Example Usage
description: (Optional) Show how you'd like to use this feature
label: Use case
description: |
Describe the use case of your feature request. It will help us understand and prioritize the feature request.
placeholder: |
```python
import supervision as sv
How would this feature be used, and who would use it?
# Your example usage here
```
validations:
required: false
- type: textarea
attributes:
label: Additional
description: Anything else you would like to share?
- type: checkboxes
attributes:
label: Are you willing to submit a PR?
description: (Optional) We encourage community contributions!
description: >
(Optional) We encourage you to submit a [Pull Request](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/pulls) (PR) to help improve Supervision for everyone, especially if you have a good understanding of how to implement a fix or feature.
options:
- label: Yes I'd like to help by submitting a PR!
+33
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@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
name: ❓ Question
description: Ask a Supervision question
# title: " "
labels: [question]
body:
- type: markdown
attributes:
value: |
Thank you for asking a Supervision ❓ Question!
- type: checkboxes
attributes:
label: Search before asking
description: >
Please search the [issues](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues) to see if a similar feature request already exists.
options:
- label: >
I have searched the Supervision [issues](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues) and found no similar feature requests.
required: true
- type: textarea
attributes:
label: Question
description: What is your question?
placeholder: |
💡 ProTip! Include as much information as possible (screenshots, logs, tracebacks etc.) to receive the most helpful response.
validations:
required: true
- type: textarea
attributes:
label: Additional
description: Anything else you would like to share?
-67
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@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
<details>
<summary>Before submitting</summary>
- [ ] Self-reviewed the code
- [ ] Updated documentation, follow [Google-style](https://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html#383-functions-and-methods)
- [ ] Added docs entry for autogeneration (if new functions/classes)
- [ ] Added/updated tests
- [ ] All tests pass locally
</details>
## Description
<!-- Provide a clear and concise description of your changes -->
## Type of Change
<!-- Mark the relevant option with an "x" and delete the others -->
- 🐛 Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
- ✨ New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
- 💥 Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
- 📝 Documentation update
- 🧪 Test update
- 🔨 Refactoring (no functional changes)
- ⚡ Performance improvement
- 🔧 Chore (dependencies, configs, etc.)
## Motivation and Context
<!-- Why is this change required? What problem does it solve? -->
<!-- If it fixes an open issue, please link to the issue here -->
Closes #(issue)
## Changes Made
<!-- List the main changes made in this PR -->
-
-
-
## Testing
<!-- Describe the tests you ran and how to reproduce them -->
- [ ] I have tested this code locally
- [ ] I have added unit tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
- [ ] All new and existing tests pass
## Google Colab (optional)
<!-- If applicable, provide a link to a Google Colab notebook demonstrating the feature/fix -->
<!-- Ensure the notebook is publicly accessible -->
Colab link:
## Screenshots/Videos (optional)
<!-- If applicable, add screenshots or videos to demonstrate the changes -->
## Additional Notes
<!-- Any additional information that reviewers should know -->
-146
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@@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
# GitHub Copilot Instructions for Supervision
This file provides context-aware guidance for GitHub Copilot when working in the Supervision repository.
______________________________________________________________________
## 📚 Repository Overview
**Supervision** is a Python library providing reusable computer vision utilities for working with object detection models (YOLO, SAM, etc.). It offers tools for detections processing, tracking, annotation, and dataset management.
- **Languages**: Python 3.10+
- **Key Dependencies**: NumPy, OpenCV, SciPy
- **License**: MIT
______________________________________________________________________
## 🏗️ Project Structure
```
supervision/
├── src/
│ └── supervision/ # Main library code
│ ├── detection/ # Detection utilities
│ ├── draw/ # Annotation and visualization
│ ├── tracker/ # Object tracking
│ ├── dataset/ # Dataset management
│ └── utils/ # Shared utilities
├── tests/ # Test suite (mirrors src/supervision/)
├── docs/ # MkDocs documentation
└── examples/ # Usage examples
```
______________________________________________________________________
## 🔧 Development Commands
**Setup:**
```bash
# Install dependencies
uv sync --group dev --group docs --extra metrics
# Install pre-commit hooks
uv run pre-commit install
```
**Quality Checks:**
```bash
# Run all pre-commit hooks (formatting, linting, type checking)
uv run pre-commit run --all-files
# Run tests with coverage
uv run pytest --cov=supervision
```
**Documentation:**
```bash
# Serve docs locally at http://127.0.0.1:8000
uv run mkdocs serve
```
______________________________________________________________________
## 💻 Code Conventions
### General Guidelines
- Follow **[AGENTS.md](../AGENTS.md)** for task-based development workflows
- Reference **[CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md)** for detailed contribution guidelines
- All code must pass `pre-commit` hooks before committing
### Code Style
- **Formatting**: Enforced by `ruff-format`, `prettier` (pre-commit)
- **Linting**: Enforced by `ruff-check` (pre-commit)
- **Type Hints**: Required on all new code
- **Docstrings**: Required using [Google Python style](https://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html#383-functions-and-methods)
- Must include usage examples with primitive values
- Serve as runnable documentation
### Performance
- Avoid unnecessary NumPy array copies
- Prefer vectorized operations over Python loops
- Use OpenCV operations efficiently
### API Design
- Follow existing naming patterns for consistency
- Maintain backward compatibility unless explicitly breaking
- Prefer functional utilities over complex classes
______________________________________________________________________
## 🧪 Testing Requirements
All new features must include:
- Unit tests covering happy path and edge cases
- Tests for `None`, empty inputs, large arrays, boundary conditions
- Clear test names describing what they validate
- Proper assertions (not just "no exception raised")
______________________________________________________________________
## 📝 Documentation Requirements
For new public functions/classes:
- Google-style docstrings with parameters, returns, exceptions
- Usage examples in docstrings
- Entry in appropriate `docs/*.md` file
- Reference in `mkdocs.yml` navigation
______________________________________________________________________
## 🔍 Pull Request Reviews
**When reviewing PRs, follow the comprehensive [PR Review Guidelines](CONTRIBUTING.md#pr-review-guidelines).**
Quick checklist:
- Tests included and passing
- Docstrings follow Google style with examples
- Pre-commit hooks pass
- Breaking changes documented
- Score code quality, testing, docs (n/5 scale)
- Use inline comments + GitHub suggestion format
______________________________________________________________________
## 🌿 Branching & Commits
- Branch from `develop` using prefixes: `feat/`, `fix/`, `docs/`, `refactor/`, `perf/`, `test/`, `chore/`
- Use **conventional commits**: `feat:`, `fix:`, `docs:`, `refactor:`, `perf:`, `test:`, `chore:`
- All PRs target `develop` branch
______________________________________________________________________
## 🎯 Context-Aware Behavior
- **For general development tasks**: Follow [AGENTS.md](../AGENTS.md)
- **For pull request reviews**: Follow [PR Review Guidelines](CONTRIBUTING.md#pr-review-guidelines)
- **For detailed processes**: Consult [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md)
-8
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@@ -5,22 +5,14 @@ updates:
directory: "/"
schedule:
interval: "weekly"
cooldown:
default-days: 7
commit-message:
prefix: ⬆️
target-branch: "develop"
groups:
github-actions:
patterns:
- "*"
# Python
- package-ecosystem: "pip"
directory: "/"
schedule:
interval: "weekly"
cooldown:
default-days: 7
commit-message:
prefix: ⬆️
target-branch: "develop"
-35
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@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
verbose = "info"
no_progress = true
include_verbatim = true
retry_wait_time = 10
max_retries = 3
max_concurrency = 8
cache = false
accept = [
200, # OK
408, # Request Timeout
# 429 means the server received the request and is actively rate-limiting — the URL is
# reachable. Real dead links return 404, 410, or fail to connect/resolve; none of
# those produce a 429, so accepting it here does not hide broken links.
429, # Too Many Requests (rate-limited but reachable; does not mask dead links)
# CI regularly sees momentary 502/503/504 from large, healthy hosts (github.com,
# supervision.roboflow.com), and in-run retries tend to land inside the same
# incident window. Genuinely dead links surface as 404, 410, or connection/DNS
# failures, which remain rejected.
502, # Bad Gateway (transient upstream hiccup)
503, # Service Unavailable (transient overload or maintenance)
504, # Gateway Timeout (transient upstream hiccup)
]
exclude = [
"https://github.com/YOUR_USERNAME/supervision.git", # hint for forking contributors
"http://127.0.0.1:8000", # hint for local docs server
"https://sam2.metademolab.com/", # returns 403 Forbidden
"https://snyk.io/advisor/python/supervision/badge.svg", # badge URL
"https://trendshift.io", # badge API times out in CI
"https://universe.roboflow.com/",
"https://universe.roboflow.com/model-examples/segmented-animals-basic",
# fixme: this page returns 401 Unauthorized when accessed and 404 Not Found when accessed with browser,
# which is weird and should be investigated
"https://huggingface.co/spaces/Roboflow/Annotators",
]
-70
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@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Script to augment relative links in markdown files to GitHub URLs.
"""
import argparse
import os
import re
from re import Match
def get_repo_root() -> str:
"""Get the repository root path."""
script_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
return os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(script_dir))
def augment_links_in_file(file_path: str, branch: str = "main") -> None:
"""
Augment relative links in a markdown file to GitHub URLs.
Args:
file_path: Path to the markdown file.
branch: Branch name, default "main".
"""
repo_root = get_repo_root()
if not file_path.endswith(".md"):
return
with open(file_path) as f:
content = f.read()
def replace_link(match: Match[str]) -> str:
full_match = match.group(0)
text = match.group(2)
url = match.group(3)
if not url.startswith("http"):
# Resolve relative to an absolute path
abs_path = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(file_path), url))
if os.path.exists(abs_path):
# Use 'tree' for directories and 'blob' for files
ref = "tree" if os.path.isdir(abs_path) else "blob"
rel_to_root = os.path.relpath(abs_path, repo_root)
new_url = f"https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/{ref}/{branch}/{rel_to_root}"
if full_match.startswith("!"):
return f"![{text}]({new_url})"
else:
return f"[{text}]({new_url})"
return full_match
new_content = re.sub(r"(!?)\[([^\]]+)\]\(([^)]+)\)", replace_link, content)
with open(file_path, "w") as f:
f.write(new_content)
def main() -> None:
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description="Augment relative links to GitHub URLs."
)
parser.add_argument("--branch", default="main", help="Branch name")
parser.add_argument("files", nargs="+", help="Files to process")
args = parser.parse_args()
for file in args.files:
augment_links_in_file(file, args.branch)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
-109
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@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Validate doctest prompt formatting in source docstrings."""
from __future__ import annotations
import argparse
import re
import sys
from pathlib import Path
DOCTEST_PROMPT_RE = re.compile(r"^\s*>>>")
FENCE_RE = re.compile(r"^\s*```(?P<language>[A-Za-z0-9_-]*)\s*$")
def _check_content(content: str, path: Path) -> list[str]:
r"""Return doctest fence violations for file content.
Examples:
```pycon
>>> from pathlib import Path
>>> _check_content('```pycon\n>>> len([1])\n1\n\n```\n', Path('src/a.py'))
[]
>>> _check_content('>>> len([1])\n1\n', Path('src/a.py'))
['src/a.py:1: doctest prompt must be inside a ```pycon fenced block']
>>> violations = _check_content(
... '```pycon\n>>> len([1])\n1\n```\n', Path('src/a.py')
... )
>>> violations == [
... 'src/a.py:4: pycon doctest block must include exactly one blank line '
... 'before the closing fence'
... ]
True
```
"""
violations: list[str] = []
active_fence_language: str | None = None
in_invalid_doctest_block = False
line_before_previous = ""
previous_line = ""
for line_number, line in enumerate(content.splitlines(), start=1):
fence_match = FENCE_RE.match(line)
if fence_match is not None:
in_invalid_doctest_block = False
if active_fence_language is None:
active_fence_language = fence_match.group("language")
else:
has_exactly_one_blank_line = (
previous_line.strip() == "" and line_before_previous.strip() != ""
)
if active_fence_language == "pycon" and not has_exactly_one_blank_line:
violations.append(
f"{path}:{line_number}: pycon doctest block must include "
"exactly one blank line before the closing fence"
)
active_fence_language = None
line_before_previous = previous_line
previous_line = line
continue
if not line.strip():
in_invalid_doctest_block = False
if (
DOCTEST_PROMPT_RE.match(line)
and active_fence_language != "pycon"
and not in_invalid_doctest_block
):
violations.append(
f"{path}:{line_number}: doctest prompt must be inside a "
"```pycon fenced block"
)
in_invalid_doctest_block = True
line_before_previous = previous_line
previous_line = line
return violations
def check_file(path: Path) -> list[str]:
"""Return doctest fence violations for a single source file."""
if not path.is_file() or path.suffix != ".py" or "src" not in path.parts:
return []
return _check_content(content=path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"), path=path)
def main() -> int:
"""Run the doctest fence check for pre-commit supplied files."""
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description="Validate doctest prompts in src/ are fenced as pycon blocks."
)
parser.add_argument("files", nargs="*", type=Path)
args = parser.parse_args()
violations = [
violation for path in args.files for violation in check_file(path=path)
]
if violations:
print("\n".join(violations))
return 1
return 0
if __name__ == "__main__":
sys.exit(main())
-125
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@@ -1,125 +0,0 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Verify a built Supervision wheel works without OpenCV."""
from __future__ import annotations
import argparse
import subprocess
import zipfile
from email import message_from_bytes
from email.message import Message
from pathlib import Path
_MANIFEST_CHECKS = {
"import-supervision",
"no-cv2-module",
"fallback-backend",
"bgr-to-gray",
"draw-rectangle",
"required-pyav",
}
def _wheel_metadata(wheel: Path) -> Message:
"""Read the core metadata embedded in a wheel archive."""
with zipfile.ZipFile(wheel) as archive:
metadata_paths = [
name for name in archive.namelist() if name.endswith("/METADATA")
]
if len(metadata_paths) != 1:
raise ValueError(
f"expected one METADATA file in {wheel}, found {metadata_paths}"
)
return message_from_bytes(archive.read(metadata_paths[0]))
def _validate_metadata(wheel: Path) -> None:
"""Reject wheels that retain an OpenCV runtime requirement or extra."""
metadata = _wheel_metadata(wheel)
requirements = metadata.get_all("Requires-Dist", [])
extras = metadata.get_all("Provides-Extra", [])
if any("opencv" in requirement.lower() for requirement in requirements):
raise ValueError(
f"OpenCV runtime requirement remains in {wheel}: {requirements}"
)
if any("opencv" in extra.lower() for extra in extras):
raise ValueError(f"OpenCV extra remains in {wheel}: {extras}")
def _validate_manifest(manifest: Path) -> None:
"""Keep the installed-wheel fallback smoke contract explicit and complete."""
checks = {
s
for line in manifest.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines()
if (s := line.strip()) and not s.startswith("#")
}
if checks != _MANIFEST_CHECKS:
raise ValueError(
f"unexpected fallback manifest {checks}; expected {_MANIFEST_CHECKS}"
)
def _run_installed_wheel_probe(python: Path) -> None:
"""Exercise the installed fallback without allowing the source tree on sys.path."""
source = """
import importlib.util
from importlib import metadata
from pathlib import Path
import av
import numpy as np
import supervision
from supervision import _cv2
package_path = Path(supervision.__file__).resolve()
if "site-packages" not in package_path.parts:
raise AssertionError(
f"supervision did not import from site-packages: {package_path}"
)
if importlib.util.find_spec("cv2") is not None:
raise AssertionError("cv2 is installed in the clean-wheel environment")
opencv_distributions = [
distribution.metadata["Name"]
for distribution in metadata.distributions()
if "opencv" in distribution.metadata["Name"].lower()
]
if opencv_distributions:
raise AssertionError(
"OpenCV distributions remain in the clean-wheel environment: "
f"{opencv_distributions}"
)
if _cv2.BACKEND_NAME != "fallback":
raise AssertionError(f"expected fallback backend, got {_cv2.BACKEND_NAME!r}")
image = np.array([[[0, 0, 255]]], dtype=np.uint8)
assert _cv2.cvtColor(image, _cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY).tolist() == [[76]]
canvas = np.zeros((3, 3, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
assert _cv2.rectangle(canvas, (0, 0), (2, 2), (1, 2, 3), -1) is canvas
assert canvas.tolist() == [[[1, 2, 3]] * 3] * 3
assert av.__version__
"""
subprocess.run( # noqa: S603 - the caller passes the clean CI interpreter explicitly.
[str(python), "-c", source],
check=True,
cwd=Path.cwd().parent,
)
subprocess.run( # noqa: S603 - the caller passes the clean CI interpreter explicitly.
[str(python), "-m", "pip", "check"], check=True
)
def main() -> None:
"""Validate one wheel against a previously prepared clean environment."""
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
parser.add_argument("--wheel", type=Path, required=True)
parser.add_argument("--python", type=Path, required=True)
parser.add_argument("--manifest", type=Path, required=True)
args = parser.parse_args()
_validate_metadata(args.wheel)
_validate_manifest(args.manifest)
_run_installed_wheel_probe(args.python)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
-56
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@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
name: Build Package
permissions:
contents: read
on:
workflow_call:
inputs:
python-version:
required: false
type: string
default: "3.10"
link-check:
required: false
type: boolean
default: true
jobs:
build:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- name: 📥 Checkout the repository
uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
- name: 🐍 Install uv and set Python version ${{ inputs.python-version }}
uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c771a70e6277c0a99b617c7a806ffedaca235ff9 # v9.0.0
with:
python-version: ${{ inputs.python-version }}
activate-environment: true
- name: 🎨 Augment paths in README
run: |
python .github/scripts/augment_links.py README.md --branch ${{ github.head_ref || github.ref_name }}
cat README.md
- name: 🔗 Link Checker
if: inputs.link-check
uses: lycheeverse/lychee-action@v2
with:
lycheeVersion: v0.22.0
args: |
--config .github/lychee.toml
README.md
fail: true
- name: 🏗️ Build source and wheel distributions
run: |
uv sync --frozen --group build
uv build
twine check --strict dist/*
- name: 📤 Upload distribution artifacts
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
with:
name: dist
path: dist/
-37
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@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
name: Docs/Test Workflow
on:
push:
branches: [main, develop]
pull_request:
branches: [main, develop]
concurrency:
group: docs-test-${{ github.ref }}
cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
# Restrict permissions by default
permissions:
contents: read # Required for checkout
checks: write # Required for test reporting
jobs:
docs-build:
name: Test docs build
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
timeout-minutes: 10
steps:
- name: 📥 Checkout the repository
uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
- name: 🐍 Install uv and set Python
uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c771a70e6277c0a99b617c7a806ffedaca235ff9 # v9.0.0
with:
python-version: "3.10"
activate-environment: true
- name: 🏗️ Install dependencies
run: uv sync --frozen --group docs
- name: 🧪 Test Docs Build
run: mkdocs build --verbose
-37
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@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
name: Check links & references
permissions:
contents: read
on:
push:
branches: [main, develop]
pull_request:
schedule:
# Run once a week on Sundays
- cron: "0 9 * * 0"
concurrency:
group: ci-check-links-${{ github.ref }}
cancel-in-progress: true
jobs:
links-check:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- name: Checkout repository
uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.1
- name: 🔗 Link Checker
uses: lycheeverse/lychee-action@v2
with:
lycheeVersion: v0.22.0
args: |
--config .github/lychee.toml
'./**/*.md'
# TODO: enable also following file types
# './**/*.toml'
# './**/*.yml'
# './**/*.yaml'
# './**/*.py'
fail: true
token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-159
View File
@@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
name: Pytest/Test Workflow
on:
push:
branches: [main, develop]
pull_request:
branches: [main, develop]
permissions:
contents: read
concurrency:
group: pytest-test-${{ github.ref }}
cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
jobs:
build-pkg:
name: Build this Package
uses: ./.github/workflows/build-package.yml
with:
# only run link check on PRs from the same repo
link-check: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository }}
run-tests:
name: Pytest Run
# needs: build # todo: consider using this build package for testing
timeout-minutes: 10
strategy:
fail-fast: false
matrix:
os: ["ubuntu-latest", "windows-latest", "macos-latest"]
python-version: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
cv2: ["none"]
include:
- { os: "ubuntu-latest", python-version: "3.13", cv2: "opencv-python" }
- { os: "windows-latest", python-version: "3.13", cv2: "opencv-python" }
- { os: "macos-latest", python-version: "3.13", cv2: "opencv-python" }
- { os: "ubuntu-latest", python-version: "3.13", cv2: "opencv-python-headless" }
- { os: "windows-latest", python-version: "3.13", cv2: "opencv-python-headless" }
- { os: "macos-latest", python-version: "3.13", cv2: "opencv-python-headless" }
runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
steps:
- name: 📥 Checkout the repository
uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
- name: 🐍 Install uv and set Python version ${{ matrix.python-version }}
uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c771a70e6277c0a99b617c7a806ffedaca235ff9 # v9.0.0
with:
python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
activate-environment: true
- name: 🚀 Install Packages
run: uv sync --frozen --group dev --extra metrics
- name: 📷 Install selected OpenCV package
if: matrix.cv2 != 'none'
run: uv pip install ${{ matrix.cv2 }}
- name: 🧭 Confirm selected cv2 backend
env:
EXPECTED_BACKEND: ${{ matrix.cv2 == 'none' && 'fallback' || 'opencv' }}
run: |
import os
from supervision import _cv2
expected = os.environ["EXPECTED_BACKEND"]
assert _cv2.BACKEND_NAME == expected, f"expected {expected!r}, got {_cv2.BACKEND_NAME!r}"
shell: python
- name: 📦 Run the Import test
run: python -c "import supervision; from supervision import assets; from supervision import metrics; print(supervision.__version__)"
- name: 📋 Print installed packages
run: uv pip list
- name: 🧪 Run the Test
run: pytest src/ tests/ --cov=supervision --cov-report=xml
- name: Generate Coverage Report
run: |
coverage xml
coverage report
- name: Upload coverage to Codecov
uses: codecov/codecov-action@v7
with:
token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
files: "coverage.xml"
flags: cpu,${{ runner.os }},python${{ matrix.python-version }}
env_vars: OS,PYTHON
name: codecov-umbrella
fail_ci_if_error: false
- name: Minimize uv cache
run: uv cache prune --ci
clean-wheel:
name: Clean Wheel on ${{ matrix.os }} / Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
timeout-minutes: 10
strategy:
fail-fast: false
matrix:
os: ["ubuntu-latest", "windows-latest", "macos-latest"]
python-version: ["3.10", "3.13"]
runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
steps:
- name: 📥 Checkout the repository
uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
- name: 🐍 Install uv and set Python version ${{ matrix.python-version }}
uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c771a70e6277c0a99b617c7a806ffedaca235ff9 # v9.0.0
with:
python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
activate-environment: true
- name: 🏗️ Build the wheel
run: |
uv sync --frozen --group build
uv build --wheel
- name: 🧼 Create an isolated wheel environment
shell: bash
run: |
uv venv --clear --seed .clean-wheel
if [ "$RUNNER_OS" = "Windows" ]; then
echo "CLEAN_PYTHON=$PWD/.clean-wheel/Scripts/python.exe" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
else
echo "CLEAN_PYTHON=$PWD/.clean-wheel/bin/python" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
fi
- name: 📦 Install and verify the wheel without OpenCV
shell: bash
run: |
uv pip install --python "$CLEAN_PYTHON" --strict dist/*.whl
"$CLEAN_PYTHON" .github/scripts/verify_clean_wheel.py \
--wheel dist/*.whl \
--python "$CLEAN_PYTHON" \
--manifest tests/cv2/installed_wheel_fallback_manifest.txt
testing-guardian:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
needs: [run-tests, clean-wheel]
if: always()
steps:
- name: 📋 Display test result
run: echo "tests=${{ needs.run-tests.result }}, clean-wheel=${{ needs.clean-wheel.result }}"
- name: ❌ Fail guardian on test failure
if: needs.run-tests.result == 'failure' || needs.clean-wheel.result == 'failure'
run: exit 1
# Ensure that cancelled or skipped test runs still cause this guardian job to fail,
# using an explicit exit code instead of relying on timeout behavior.
- name: ⚠️ cancelled or skipped...
if: contains(fromJSON('["cancelled", "skipped"]'), needs.run-tests.result) || contains(fromJSON('["cancelled", "skipped"]'), needs.clean-wheel.result)
run: |
echo "run-tests job result is '${{ needs.run-tests.result }}'; failing explicitly."
exit 1
- name: ✅ tests succeeded
if: needs.run-tests.result == 'success'
run: echo "All tests completed successfully."
+1 -1
View File
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
timeout-minutes: 10
steps:
- name: Clear cache
uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
uses: actions/github-script@60a0d83039c74a4aee543508d2ffcb1c3799cdea # v7.0.1
with:
script: |
console.log("Starting cache cleanup...")
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
name: Combine Dependabot PRs
on:
schedule:
- cron: "0 1 * * 3" # Wednesday at 01:00
workflow_dispatch: # allows you to manually trigger the workflow
permissions:
contents: write
pull-requests: write
checks: read
jobs:
combine-prs:
name: Combine
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- name: combine-prs
id: combine-prs
uses: github/combine-prs@2909f404763c3177a456e052bdb7f2e85d3a7cb3 # v5.2.0
with:
labels: combined-pr
-26
View File
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
name: PR Conflict Labeler
on:
# So that PRs touching the same files as the push are updated
push:
branches:
- main
- develop
# So that the `dirtyLabel` is removed if conflicts are resolved
# We recommend `pull_request_target` so that github secrets are available.
# In `pull_request` we wouldn't be able to change labels of fork PRs
pull_request_target:
types: [synchronize]
permissions:
pull-requests: write
issues: write
jobs:
main:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- name: check if prs are dirty
uses: eps1lon/actions-label-merge-conflict@v3
with:
dirtyLabel: "has conflicts"
repoToken: "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}"
+29 -128
View File
@@ -1,15 +1,9 @@
name: Docs/Build and Publish
# Deploy matrix:
# push develop -> mike deploy develop
# push release/latest -> mike deploy latest
# release published -> mike deploy <tag> only; does not move /latest/
name: Build and Publish Docs
on:
push:
branches:
- develop
- release/latest
workflow_dispatch:
release:
types: [published]
@@ -26,146 +20,53 @@ permissions:
pull-requests: write # Required for PR comments
jobs:
docs-build-deploy:
deploy:
name: Publish Docs
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
timeout-minutes: 10
strategy:
matrix:
python-version: ["3.10"]
steps:
- name: 📥 Checkout the repository
uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
with:
fetch-depth: 0
- name: 🐍 Install uv and set Python
uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c771a70e6277c0a99b617c7a806ffedaca235ff9 # v9.0.0
- name: 🐍 Install uv and set Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@bd01e18f51369d5a26f1651c3cb451d3417e3bba # v6.3.1
with:
python-version: "3.10"
python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
activate-environment: true
- name: 🔑 Create GitHub App token (mkdocs)
id: mkdocs_token
uses: actions/create-github-app-token@df432ceedc7162793a195dd1713ff69aefc7379e # v2.0.6
with:
app-id: ${{ secrets.MKDOCS_APP_ID }}
private-key: ${{ secrets.MKDOCS_PEM }}
owner: roboflow
repositories: mkdocs-material-insiders
- name: 🏗️ Install dependencies
run: uv sync --frozen --group docs
run: |
uv pip install -r pyproject.toml --group docs
# Install mkdocs-material-insiders using the GitHub App token
uv pip install "git+https://roboflow:${{ steps.mkdocs_token.outputs.token }}@github.com/roboflow/mkdocs-material-insiders.git@9.5.49-insiders-4.53.14#egg=mkdocs-material[imaging]"
- name: ⚙️ Configure git for github-actions
run: |
git config --global user.name "${{ github.actor }}"
git config --global user.email "${{ github.actor }}@users.noreply.github.com"
git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
git config --global user.email "41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
- name: 🚀 Deploy Development Docs
if: (github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop') || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
env:
MKDOCS_GIT_COMMITTERS_APIKEY: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
run: |
mike deploy --push develop
- name: 🚀 Deploy Latest Docs
if: github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/release/latest'
env:
MKDOCS_GIT_COMMITTERS_APIKEY: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
run: |
if mike list | grep -Eq '^latest(\s|$)'; then mike delete latest; fi
mike deploy --push latest
- name: 🏷️ Determine release deployment metadata
id: release_metadata
run: |
is_rc=false
release_tag=""
if [[ "$GITHUB_EVENT_NAME" == "release" ]]; then
release_tag="${GITHUB_REF_NAME#v}"
release_tag="${release_tag%.post*}"
release_tag_lower="${release_tag,,}"
# Match RC suffixes with separators (1.0-rc1, 1.0.rc1) or compact form (1.0rc1).
if [[ "$release_tag_lower" =~ (^|[._-])rc[0-9]+$ ]] || [[ "$release_tag_lower" =~ [0-9]rc[0-9]+$ ]]; then
is_rc=true
fi
fi
echo "is_rc=$is_rc" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
echo "release_tag=$release_tag" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
MKDOCS_GIT_COMMITTERS_APIKEY=${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} uv run mike deploy --push develop
- name: 🚀 Deploy Release Docs
if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published' && steps.release_metadata.outputs.is_rc != 'true'
env:
MKDOCS_GIT_COMMITTERS_APIKEY: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
run: |
mike deploy --push "${{ steps.release_metadata.outputs.release_tag }}"
# IndexNow key: 0d5d9799b1cc4a39825146388c6781eb
# This key must stay in sync across three files:
# docs/0d5d9799b1cc4a39825146388c6781eb.txt (key file served at site root)
# docs/theme/main.html (indexnow-key meta tag)
# this workflow (inject step + notify step below)
# Bing/Yandex fetch https://supervision.roboflow.com/<key>.txt to verify ownership.
# Do NOT rename or delete the .txt file or change the key string without updating all three.
- name: 🌐 Inject GEO root files into gh-pages
if: >
(github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop') ||
github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
(github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/release/latest') ||
(github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published' && steps.release_metadata.outputs.is_rc != 'true')
run: |
cp docs/robots.txt /tmp/robots.txt
cp docs/llms.txt /tmp/llms.txt
cp docs/llms.full.txt /tmp/llms.full.txt
cp docs/llms-100k.txt /tmp/llms-100k.txt
cp docs/_headers /tmp/headers.txt
cp docs/0d5d9799b1cc4a39825146388c6781eb.txt /tmp/indexnow.txt
if [[ "$GITHUB_REF" == "refs/heads/release/latest" ]]; then
version_dir="latest"
else
version_dir=""
fi
git fetch origin gh-pages
git checkout gh-pages
cp /tmp/robots.txt robots.txt
cp /tmp/llms.txt llms.txt
cp /tmp/llms.full.txt llms.full.txt
cp /tmp/llms-100k.txt llms-100k.txt
cp /tmp/headers.txt _headers
cp /tmp/indexnow.txt 0d5d9799b1cc4a39825146388c6781eb.txt
if [[ -n "$version_dir" && -f "$version_dir/sitemap.xml" ]]; then
cp "$version_dir/sitemap.xml" sitemap.xml
gzip -9 -c sitemap.xml > sitemap.xml.gz
fi
files_to_add=(
robots.txt
llms.txt
llms.full.txt
llms-100k.txt
_headers
0d5d9799b1cc4a39825146388c6781eb.txt
)
if [[ -f "sitemap.xml" ]]; then
files_to_add+=(sitemap.xml)
fi
if [[ -f "sitemap.xml.gz" ]]; then
files_to_add+=(sitemap.xml.gz)
fi
git add "${files_to_add[@]}"
git diff --cached --quiet || git commit -m "chore: update GEO root files"
git push origin gh-pages
- name: 📡 Notify IndexNow
if: >
(github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop') ||
github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
(github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/release/latest')
run: |
curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" -X POST "https://api.indexnow.org/IndexNow" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
-d '{
"host": "supervision.roboflow.com",
"key": "0d5d9799b1cc4a39825146388c6781eb",
"keyLocation": "https://supervision.roboflow.com/0d5d9799b1cc4a39825146388c6781eb.txt",
"urlList": [
"https://supervision.roboflow.com/",
"https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/",
"https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/detect_and_annotate/",
"https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/track_objects/",
"https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/detect_small_objects/",
"https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/filter_detections/",
"https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/save_detections/",
"https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/count_in_zone/",
"https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/benchmark_a_model/",
"https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/process_datasets/"
]
}' || true
latest_tag=$(git describe --tags `git rev-list --tags --max-count=1`)
MKDOCS_GIT_COMMITTERS_APIKEY=${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} uv run mike deploy --push --update-aliases $latest_tag latest
+21 -25
View File
@@ -3,30 +3,16 @@ name: Publish Supervision Pre-Releases to PyPI
on:
push:
tags:
- "[0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+a[0-9]+"
- "[0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+b[0-9]+"
- "[0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+rc[0-9]+"
- "[0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+.a[0-9]+"
- "[0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+.b[0-9]+"
- "[0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+.rc[0-9]+"
- "[0-9]+.[0-9]+[0-9]+.[0-9]+a[0-9]"
- "[0-9]+.[0-9]+[0-9]+.[0-9]+b[0-9]"
- "[0-9]+.[0-9]+[0-9]+.[0-9]+rc[0-9]"
workflow_dispatch:
pull_request:
branches: [main, develop]
paths:
- ".github/workflows/build-package.yml"
- ".github/workflows/publish-pre-release.yml"
permissions: {} # Explicitly remove all permissions by default
jobs:
build:
permissions:
contents: read
uses: ./.github/workflows/build-package.yml
publish-pre-release:
name: Publish Pre-release Package
needs: build
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
environment:
name: test
@@ -35,17 +21,27 @@ jobs:
permissions:
id-token: write # Required for PyPI publishing
contents: read # Required for checkout
strategy:
matrix:
python-version: ["3.10"]
steps:
- name: 📥 Download distribution artifacts
uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
- name: 📥 Checkout the repository
uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
- name: 🐍 Install uv and set Python version ${{ matrix.python-version }}
uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@bd01e18f51369d5a26f1651c3cb451d3417e3bba # v6.3.1
with:
name: dist
path: dist/
- name: List distribution artifacts
run: ls -lh dist/
python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
activate-environment: true
- name: 🏗️ Build source and wheel distributions
run: |
uv pip install -r pyproject.toml --group build
uv build
uv run twine check --strict dist/*
- name: 🚀 Publish to PyPi
if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@ba38be9e461d3875417946c167d0b5f3d385a247 # v1.14.1
uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@76f52bc884231f62b9a034ebfe128415bbaabdfc # v1.12.4
with:
attestations: true
+21 -29
View File
@@ -1,26 +1,16 @@
name: Publish Supervision Releases to PyPI
on:
release:
types: [published]
push:
tags:
- "[0-9]+.[0-9]+[0-9]+.[0-9]"
workflow_dispatch:
pull_request:
branches: [main, develop]
paths:
- ".github/workflows/build-package.yml"
- ".github/workflows/publish-release.yml"
permissions: {} # Explicitly remove all permissions by default
jobs:
build:
permissions:
contents: read
uses: ./.github/workflows/build-package.yml
publish-release:
name: Publish Release Package
needs: build
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
environment:
name: release
@@ -28,26 +18,28 @@ jobs:
timeout-minutes: 10
permissions:
id-token: write # Required for PyPI publishing
contents: write # Required for checkout and upload assets
contents: read # Required for checkout
strategy:
matrix:
python-version: ["3.10"]
steps:
- name: 📥 Download distribution artifacts
uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
with:
name: dist
path: dist/
- name: List distribution artifacts
run: ls -lh dist/
- name: 📥 Checkout the repository
uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
- name: 📦 Upload assets to Release
if: github.event_name == 'release'
uses: AButler/upload-release-assets@v4.0
- name: 🐍 Install uv and set Python version ${{ matrix.python-version }}
uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@bd01e18f51369d5a26f1651c3cb451d3417e3bba # v6.3.1
with:
files: "dist/*"
repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
activate-environment: true
- name: 🏗️ Build source and wheel distributions
run: |
uv pip install -r pyproject.toml --group build
uv build
uv run twine check --strict dist/*
- name: 🚀 Publish to PyPi
# We only want to publish to PyPi if the event is a release and it's not a pre-release.
if: (github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.release.prerelease != true) || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@ba38be9e461d3875417946c167d0b5f3d385a247 # v1.14.1
uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@76f52bc884231f62b9a034ebfe128415bbaabdfc # v1.12.4
with:
attestations: true
+18 -19
View File
@@ -2,23 +2,12 @@ name: Publish Supervision Releases to TestPyPI
on:
workflow_dispatch:
pull_request:
branches: [main, develop]
paths:
- ".github/workflows/build-package.yml"
- ".github/workflows/publish-testpypi.yml"
permissions: {} # Explicitly remove all permissions by default
jobs:
build:
permissions:
contents: read
uses: ./.github/workflows/build-package.yml
publish-testpypi:
name: Publish Release Package
needs: build
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
environment:
name: release
@@ -27,18 +16,28 @@ jobs:
permissions:
id-token: write # Required for PyPI publishing
contents: read # Required for checkout
strategy:
matrix:
python-version: ["3.10"]
steps:
- name: 📥 Download distribution artifacts
uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
- name: 📥 Checkout the repository
uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
- name: 🐍 Install uv and set Python version ${{ matrix.python-version }}
uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@bd01e18f51369d5a26f1651c3cb451d3417e3bba # v6.3.1
with:
name: dist
path: dist/
- name: List distribution artifacts
run: ls -lh dist/
python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
activate-environment: true
- name: 🏗️ Build source and wheel distributions
run: |
uv pip install -r pyproject.toml --group build
uv build
uv run twine check --strict dist/*
- name: 🚀 Publish to Test-PyPi
if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@ba38be9e461d3875417946c167d0b5f3d385a247 # v1.14.1
uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@76f52bc884231f62b9a034ebfe128415bbaabdfc # v1.12.4
with:
repository-url: https://test.pypi.org/legacy/
attestations: true
+37
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
name: 🧪 Docs Test WorkFlow 📚
on:
pull_request:
branches: [main, develop]
# Restrict permissions by default
permissions:
contents: read # Required for checkout
checks: write # Required for test reporting
jobs:
docs-build-test:
name: Test docs build
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
timeout-minutes: 10
strategy:
matrix:
python-version: ["3.10"]
steps:
- name: 📥 Checkout the repository
uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
with:
fetch-depth: 0
- name: 🐍 Install uv and set Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@bd01e18f51369d5a26f1651c3cb451d3417e3bba # v6.3.1
with:
python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
activate-environment: true
- name: 🏗️ Install dependencies
run: |
uv pip install -r pyproject.toml --group docs
- name: 🧪 Test Docs Build
run: uv run mkdocs build --verbose
+35
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@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
name: 🔧 Pytest/Test Workflow
on:
pull_request:
branches: [main, develop]
jobs:
run-tests:
name: Import Test and Pytest Run
timeout-minutes: 10
strategy:
fail-fast: false
matrix:
os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-latest]
python-version: ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
steps:
- name: 📥 Checkout the repository
uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
- name: 🐍 Install uv and set Python version ${{ matrix.python-version }}
uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@bd01e18f51369d5a26f1651c3cb451d3417e3bba # v6.3.1
with:
python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
activate-environment: true
- name: 🚀 Install Packages
run: uv pip install -r pyproject.toml --group dev --group docs --extra metrics
- name: 🧪 Run the Import test
run: uv run python -c "import supervision; from supervision import assets; from supervision import metrics; print(supervision.__version__)"
- name: 🧪 Run the Test
run: uv run pytest
-36
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@@ -153,39 +153,3 @@ Desktop.ini
*~
.directory
.Trash-*
# local data
data/
examples/*/outputs/
!src/supervision/_cv2/data/
!src/supervision/_cv2/data/*
*.mp4
*.pt
# some artifacts
/*.py
/*.jpg
/*.png
/*.tif
/*.json
# Claude working scratchpad (plans, lessons, ephemeral artefacts)
.claude/logs/
.claude/state/
.claude/worktrees/
.developments/
.plans/
.notes/
.reports/
.temp/
.tmp/
_outputs/
_resolutions/
_reviews/
tasks/
*.local.md
output/
notebooks/
releases/
+34 -75
View File
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
default_language_version:
python: python3.10
ci:
autofix_prs: true
@@ -8,97 +6,58 @@ ci:
autoupdate_commit_msg: "chore(pre_commit): ⬆ pre_commit autoupdate"
repos:
- repo: local
hooks:
- id: check-doctest-fences
name: check doctest fences
entry: python .github/scripts/check_doctest_fences.py
language: python
files: ^src/.*\.py$
- repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
rev: v6.0.0
rev: v5.0.0
hooks:
- id: trailing-whitespace
exclude: test/.*\.py
- id: check-yaml
args: ["--unsafe"]
exclude: mkdocs.yml
- id: check-executables-have-shebangs
- id: check-json
- id: check-toml
- id: check-case-conflict
- id: check-added-large-files
args: ["--maxkb=500", "--enforce-all"]
exclude: uv.lock|.*\.ipynb$
- id: detect-private-key
- id: pretty-format-json
exclude: demo.ipynb
args: ["--autofix", "--no-sort-keys", "--indent=4"]
args: ['--autofix', '--no-sort-keys', '--indent=4']
- id: end-of-file-fixer
- id: mixed-line-ending
- repo: https://github.com/rbubley/mirrors-prettier
rev: v3.9.6
hooks:
- id: prettier
files: \.(ya?ml|toml)$
# https://prettier.io/docs/en/options.html#print-width
args: ["--print-width=120"]
- repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/bandit
rev: '1.8.6'
hooks:
- id: bandit
args: ["-c", "pyproject.toml"]
additional_dependencies: ["bandit[toml]"]
- repo: https://github.com/tox-dev/pyproject-fmt
rev: v2.26.0
hooks:
- id: pyproject-fmt
additional_dependencies:
- "tomli>=2.0.1"
- repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
rev: v0.12.3
hooks:
- id: ruff
args: [--fix, --exit-non-zero-on-fix]
- id: ruff-format
types_or: [ python, pyi, jupyter ]
- repo: https://github.com/abravalheri/validate-pyproject
rev: v0.25
hooks:
- id: validate-pyproject
- repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
rev: v0.16.1
hooks:
- id: ruff-check
args: ["--fix"]
- id: ruff-format
types_or: [python, pyi, jupyter]
- repo: https://github.com/executablebooks/mdformat
rev: 1.0.0
hooks:
- id: mdformat
name: mdformat (gfm)
exclude: ^docs/
additional_dependencies:
- "mdformat-frontmatter"
- "mdformat-gfm"
- "mdformat-ruff"
args: ["--number", "--wrap=no"]
- id: mdformat
name: mdformat (mkdocs)
files: ^docs/
additional_dependencies:
- "mdformat-frontmatter"
- "mdformat-mkdocs[recommended]>=2.1.0"
- "mdformat-ruff"
args: ["--number", "--wrap=no"]
- repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
rev: v2.3.0
hooks:
- id: mypy
language_version: python3.11
additional_dependencies:
- "numpy>=2.0"
- "types-PyYAML"
- "types-requests"
- "types-tqdm"
# - repo: https://github.com/executablebooks/mdformat
# rev: 0.7.17
# hooks:
# - id: mdformat
# additional_dependencies:
# - "mdformat-mkdocs[recommended]>=2.1.0"
# args: ["--number"]
- repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
rev: v2.4.3
rev: v2.4.1
hooks:
- id: codespell
exclude: ^src/supervision/_cv2/data/hershey_fonts\.json$
additional_dependencies:
- "tomli>=2.0.1"
- tomli
- repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
rev: v3.20.0
hooks:
- id: pyupgrade
args: ["--py310-plus"]
additional_dependencies:
- tomli
-153
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@@ -1,153 +0,0 @@
# Agent Guidelines for `supervision`
Behave like a senior contributor: precise, efficient, maintainable. When this file and [CONTRIBUTING.md](.github/CONTRIBUTING.md) conflict, **CONTRIBUTING.md wins**.
______________________________________________________________________
## 1. Before You Code
- Read the task thoroughly; group clarifications into one ask.
- Outline a plan before making changes.
- Check whether the feature already exists under a different name.
- Confirm alignment with `src/supervision/` architecture.
______________________________________________________________________
## 2. Repository Architecture
**Package root**: `src/supervision/` — all library code. **Tests**: `tests/` — mirrors `src/supervision/`. **Public API**: `src/supervision/__init__.py`.
```
src/supervision/
├── detection/
│ ├── core.py — Detections dataclass; all model connectors as classmethods
│ ├── compact_mask.py — compact mask representation
│ ├── vlm.py — VLM connectors (Florence-2, Gemini, Qwen, PaliGemma)
│ ├── utils/ — pure NumPy helpers: boxes, converters, iou_and_nms, masks, polygons
│ ├── line_zone.py — LineZone
│ └── tools/ — InferenceSlicer, PolygonZone, CSVSink, JSONSink, DetectionsSmoother
├── annotators/core.py — BoxAnnotator, MaskAnnotator, LabelAnnotator, … each: .annotate(scene, detections)
├── key_points/ — KeyPoints, EdgeAnnotator, VertexAnnotator (use this, NOT keypoint/ — see §4)
├── tracker/ — DEPRECATED
├── dataset/core.py — DetectionDataset / ClassificationDataset (YOLO / COCO / Pascal VOC)
├── geometry/core.py — Point, Rect, Vector, Position
├── metrics/ — mAP, confusion matrix (requires --extra metrics)
├── utils/internal.py — warn_deprecated, deprecated_parameter, internal helpers
└── config.py — string constants; always import from here, never use literals
```
### Key design patterns
- **`Detections` is the lingua franca** — every connector, tracker, and annotator speaks `Detections`. New connector = `@classmethod from_<framework>(cls, result) -> Detections`.
- **Annotators are composable** — receive `scene` (BGR `np.ndarray`) + `detections`, return annotated copy.
- **`data` dict extensibility** — per-detection metadata in `detections.data` as `np.ndarray` aligned with `xyxy`. Keys are constants from `config.py`.
- **Vectorized throughout** — NumPy arrays, no Python loops in hot paths. Never write `for det in detections`.
- **Lazy-import heavy deps** — `torch`, `transformers`, `ultralytics` must be imported inside the function that needs them, never at module top level.
______________________________________________________________________
## 3. Agent-Critical Rules
These supplement [CONTRIBUTING.md](.github/CONTRIBUTING.md) — covering gaps or agent-specific failure modes.
**Doc headings**: `###` max in docstrings and docs. `####` renders identically to bold in mkdocs — use `**bold**` instead.
**Type hints**: required on all new code. mypy is enforced by pre-commit (`.pre-commit-config.yaml`).
**Function docstrings**: every new or modified function, including private helpers and tests, must have a succinct docstring explaining its purpose. Put function-level why/what/how context inside the function docstring, not in a comment before the function. Public APIs still require the full Google-style structure described below.
**Readable argument lists**: do not put multi-branch conditional expressions inside function or constructor arguments. If an argument needs more than a simple `a if condition else b`, assign it to a named local variable before the call.
**Inline comments**: write code so the intent is clear from names, small helpers, and straightforward control flow. For non-trivial logic inside a function that still needs context, add concise inline comments explaining why the code exists, what invariant it protects, and how the tricky part works. Do not put comments before functions; use the function docstring instead. Do not comment obvious assignments, mechanical plumbing, lint-only changes, typing-only changes, or pure docs edits.
**Doctest determinism** — output must be reproducible across platforms:
- Use `# doctest: +ELLIPSIS` for floats that vary by platform.
- Seed any RNG before calling it.
- Never assert `dict` or `set` iteration order.
- No network or filesystem access outside `supervision/assets/`.
**⚠ Test structure** — agents frequently fail here; read [CONTRIBUTING.md §Tests](.github/CONTRIBUTING.md#-tests) carefully: AAA structure, class grouping, parametrize with `pytest.param(..., id="slug")`, one-line docstring per test.
For branching, commit, code style, and API design conventions see [CONTRIBUTING.md](.github/CONTRIBUTING.md).
______________________________________________________________________
## 4. Deprecated Module Aliases
`supervision.keypoint` deprecated since `0.27.0`, removed in `0.31.0`. Always import from `supervision.key_points`, not `supervision.keypoint`.
______________________________________________________________________
## 5. Deprecating APIs
**Minimum window**: deprecated APIs must remain for at least **3 minor releases** before removal. Example: deprecated in `0.29.0` → removed in `0.32.0`.
- Module-level: `supervision.utils.internal.warn_deprecated` in the deprecated module's own `__init__.py`
- Parameter renamed (old→new): `supervision.utils.internal.deprecated_parameter` decorator
- Public function, method, or class: `@deprecated` from `pydeprecate`
Always name the version introduced and the removal version:
```python
warn_deprecated("'foo' deprecated in `0.29.0`, removed in `0.32.0`. Use 'bar'.")
```
______________________________________________________________________
## 6. Implementing Features
- Minimal implementation; type hints and Google docstrings with usage examples.
- Tests covering new functionality and edge cases (see [CONTRIBUTING.md §Tests](.github/CONTRIBUTING.md#-tests)).
- Update docstrings and mkdocs entries as needed.
- Update [docs/changelog.md](docs/changelog.md) for every functional change or bug fix, including user-visible behavior changes. Skip changelog entries for lint-only, type-only, formatting-only, and pure documentation-only changes.
**Extending `Detections`**: store metadata in `detections.data` as `np.ndarray` aligned with `xyxy`; define the key as a constant in `config.py` (e.g. `CLASS_NAME_DATA_FIELD`, `ORIENTED_BOX_COORDINATES`).
**New model connector** (`detection/core.py`):
```python
@classmethod
def from_myframework(cls, result) -> "Detections":
import myframework # noqa: F401 — lazy import
xyxy = ... # (N, 4)
return cls(
xyxy=xyxy,
confidence=...,
class_id=...,
data={CLASS_NAME_DATA_FIELD: np.array([...])},
)
```
VLM connectors go in `detection/vlm.py`, not `core.py`.
______________________________________________________________________
## 7. Bugs & Refactoring
**Bugs**: reproduce → write failing test → minimal fix → verify no regressions.
**Refactoring**: preserve behavior and API; reduce duplication; avoid sweeping changes unless requested; apply §5 deprecation when removing public API.
______________________________________________________________________
## 8. Before You Commit
```bash
uv run pytest --cov=supervision
uv run pre-commit run --all-files
```
Capture a baseline before changes to avoid introducing new failures:
```bash
STASH_BEFORE=$(git rev-parse refs/stash 2>/dev/null)
git stash push --include-untracked
uv run pytest -q 2>&1 | tee /tmp/baseline.txt
[ "$(git rev-parse refs/stash 2>/dev/null)" != "$STASH_BEFORE" ] && git stash pop
uv run pytest -q 2>&1 | tee /tmp/after.txt
diff /tmp/baseline.txt /tmp/after.txt
```
Any test passing in baseline but failing after = blocker.
-5
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@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
# Claude Code Project Instructions
<!-- Imports AGENTS.md, which contains agent roles, behavioral rules, and coding constraints for this project. -->
@AGENTS.md
+133
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@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
# Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct
## Our Pledge
We as members, contributors, and leaders pledge to make participation in our
community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body
size, visible or invisible disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender
identity and expression, level of experience, education, socioeconomic status,
nationality, personal appearance, race, caste, color, religion, or sexual
identity and orientation.
We pledge to act and interact in ways that contribute to an open, welcoming,
diverse, inclusive, and healthy community.
## Our Standards
Examples of behavior that contributes to a positive environment for our
community include:
- Demonstrating empathy and kindness toward other people
- Being respectful of differing opinions, viewpoints, and experiences
- Giving and gracefully accepting constructive feedback
- Accepting responsibility and apologizing to those affected by our mistakes,
and learning from the experience
- Focusing on what is best not just for us as individuals, but for the overall
community
Examples of unacceptable behavior include:
- The use of sexualized language or imagery, and sexual attention or advances of
any kind
- Trolling, insulting or derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
- Public or private harassment
- Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or email address,
without their explicit permission
- Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a
professional setting
## Enforcement Responsibilities
Community leaders are responsible for clarifying and enforcing our standards of
acceptable behavior and will take appropriate and fair corrective action in
response to any behavior that they deem inappropriate, threatening, offensive,
or harmful.
Community leaders have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject
comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions that are
not aligned to this Code of Conduct, and will communicate reasons for moderation
decisions when appropriate.
## Scope
This Code of Conduct applies within all community spaces, and also applies when
an individual is officially representing the community in public spaces.
Examples of representing our community include using an official e-mail address,
posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed
representative at an online or offline event.
## Enforcement
Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be
reported to the community leaders responsible for enforcement at
community-reports@roboflow.com.
All complaints will be reviewed and investigated promptly and fairly.
All community leaders are obligated to respect the privacy and security of the
reporter of any incident.
## Enforcement Guidelines
Community leaders will follow these Community Impact Guidelines in determining
the consequences for any action they deem in violation of this Code of Conduct:
### 1. Correction
**Community Impact**: Use of inappropriate language or other behavior deemed
unprofessional or unwelcome in the community.
**Consequence**: A private, written warning from community leaders, providing
clarity around the nature of the violation and an explanation of why the
behavior was inappropriate. A public apology may be requested.
### 2. Warning
**Community Impact**: A violation through a single incident or series of
actions.
**Consequence**: A warning with consequences for continued behavior. No
interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction with
those enforcing the Code of Conduct, for a specified period of time. This
includes avoiding interactions in community spaces as well as external channels
like social media. Violating these terms may lead to a temporary or permanent
ban.
### 3. Temporary Ban
**Community Impact**: A serious violation of community standards, including
sustained inappropriate behavior.
**Consequence**: A temporary ban from any sort of interaction or public
communication with the community for a specified period of time. No public or
private interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction
with those enforcing the Code of Conduct, is allowed during this period.
Violating these terms may lead to a permanent ban.
### 4. Permanent Ban
**Community Impact**: Demonstrating a pattern of violation of community
standards, including sustained inappropriate behavior, harassment of an
individual, or aggression toward or disparagement of classes of individuals.
**Consequence**: A permanent ban from any sort of public interaction within the
community.
## Attribution
This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant][homepage],
version 2.1, available at
[https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/1/code_of_conduct.html][v2.1].
Community Impact Guidelines were inspired by
[Mozilla's code of conduct enforcement ladder][mozilla coc].
For answers to common questions about this code of conduct, see the FAQ at
[https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq][faq]. Translations are available at
[https://www.contributor-covenant.org/translations][translations].
[faq]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq
[homepage]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org
[mozilla coc]: https://github.com/mozilla/diversity
[translations]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org/translations
[v2.1]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/1/code_of_conduct.html
+230
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@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
# Contributing to Supervision 🛠️
Thank you for your interest in contributing to Supervision!
We are actively improving this library to reduce the amount of work you need to do to solve common computer vision problems.
## Code of Conduct
Please read and adhere to our [Code of Conduct](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/code_of_conduct/). This document outlines the expected behavior for all participants in our project.
## Table of Contents
- [Contribution Guidelines](#contribution-guidelines)
- [Contributing Features](#contributing-features)
- [How to Contribute Changes](#how-to-contribute-changes)
- [Installation for Contributors](#installation-for-contributors)
- [Code Style and Quality](#code-style-and-quality)
- [Pre-commit tool](#pre-commit-tool)
- [Docstrings](#docstrings)
- [Type checking](#type-checking)
- [Documentation](#documentation)
- [Cookbooks](#cookbooks)
- [Tests](#tests)
- [License](#license)
## Contribution Guidelines
We welcome contributions to:
1. Add a new feature to the library (guidance below).
2. Improve our documentation and add examples to make it clear how to leverage the supervision library.
3. Report bugs and issues in the project.
4. Submit a request for a new feature.
5. Improve our test coverage.
### Contributing Features ✨
Supervision is designed to provide generic utilities to solve problems. Thus, we focus on contributions that can have an impact on a wide range of projects.
For example, counting objects that cross a line anywhere on an image is a common problem in computer vision, but counting objects that cross a line 75% of the way through is less useful.
Before you contribute a new feature, consider submitting an Issue to discuss the feature so the community can weigh in and assist.
## How to Contribute Changes
First, fork this repository to your own GitHub account. Click "fork" in the top corner of the `supervision` repository to get started:
![Forking the repository](https://media.roboflow.com/fork.png)
![Creating a repository fork](https://media.roboflow.com/create_fork.png)
Then, run `git clone` to download the project code to your computer.
You should also set up `roboflow/supervision` as an "upstream" remote (that is, tell git that the reference Supervision repository was the source of your fork of it):
```bash
git remote add upstream https://github.com/roboflow/supervision.git
git fetch upstream
```
Move to a new branch using the `git checkout` command:
```bash
git checkout -b <scope>/<your_branch_name> upstream/develop
```
The name you choose for your branch should describe the change you want to make and start with an appropriate prefix:
- `feat/`: for new features (e.g., `feat/line-counter`)
- `fix/`: for bug fixes (e.g., `fix/memory-leak`)
- `docs/`: for documentation changes (e.g., `docs/update-readme`)
- `chore/`: for routine tasks, maintenance, or tooling changes (e.g., `chore/update-dependencies`)
- `test/`: for adding or modifying tests (e.g., `test/add-unit-tests`)
- `refactor/`: for code refactoring (e.g., `refactor/simplify-algorithm`)
Make any changes you want to the project code, then run the following commands to commit your changes:
```bash
git add -A
git commit -m "feat: add line counter functionality"
git push -u origin <your_branch_name>
```
Use conventional commit messages to clearly describe your changes. The format is:
<type>\[optional scope\]: <description>
Common types include:
- feat: A new feature
- fix: A bug fix
- docs: Documentation only changes
- style: Changes that do not affect the meaning of the code (white-space, formatting, etc)
- refactor: A code change that neither fixes a bug nor adds a feature
- perf: A code change that improves performance
- test: Adding missing tests or correcting existing tests
- chore: Changes to the build process or auxiliary tools and libraries
Then, go back to your fork of the `supervision` repository, click "Pull Requests", and click "New Pull Request".
![Opening a pull request](https://media.roboflow.com/open_pr.png)
Make sure the `base` branch is `develop` before submitting your PR.
On the next page, review your changes then click "Create pull request":
![Configuring a pull request](https://media.roboflow.com/create_pr_submit.png)
Next, write a description for your pull request, and click "Create pull request" again to submit it for review:
![Submitting a pull request](https://media.roboflow.com/write_pr.png)
When creating new functions, please ensure you have the following:
1. Docstrings for the function and all parameters.
2. Unit tests for the function.
3. Examples in the documentation for the function.
4. Created an entry in our docs to autogenerate the documentation for the function.
5. Please share a Google Colab with minimal code to test new feature or reproduce PR whenever it is possible. Please ensure that Google Colab can be accessed without any issue.
When you submit your Pull Request, you will be asked to sign a Contributor License Agreement (CLA) by the `cla-assistant` GitHub bot. We can only respond to PRs from contributors who have signed the project CLA.
All pull requests will be reviewed by the maintainers of the project. We will provide feedback and ask for changes if necessary.
PRs must pass all tests and linting requirements before they can be merged.
## Installation for Contributors
Before starting your work on the project, set up your development environment:
1. Clone your fork of the project (recommended to use shallow clone of develop branch):
**Option A: Recommended for most contributors (shallow clone of develop branch):**
```bash
git clone --depth 1 -b develop https://github.com/YOUR_USERNAME/supervision.git
cd supervision
```
Replace `YOUR_USERNAME` with your GitHub username.
> Note: Using `--depth 1` creates a shallow clone with minimal history and `-b develop` ensures you start with the development branch. This significantly reduces download size while providing everything needed to contribute.
**Option B: Full repository clone (if you need complete history):**
```bash
git clone https://github.com/YOUR_USERNAME/supervision.git
cd supervision
```
2. Create and activate a virtual environment:
```bash
python3 -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
```
3. Install `uv`:
Follow the instructions on the [uv installation page](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/getting-started/installation/).
4. Install project dependencies:
```bash
uv pip install -r pyproject.toml --extra dev --extra docs --extra metrics
```
5. Run pytest to verify the setup:
```bash
uv run pytest
```
## 🎨 Code Style and Quality
### Pre-commit tool
This project uses the [pre-commit](https://pre-commit.com/) tool to maintain code quality and consistency. Before submitting a pull request or making any commits, it is important to run the pre-commit tool to ensure that your changes meet the project's guidelines.
Furthermore, we have integrated a pre-commit GitHub Action into our workflow. This means that with every pull request opened, the pre-commit checks will be automatically enforced, streamlining the code review process and ensuring that all contributions adhere to our quality standards.
To run the pre-commit tool, follow these steps:
1. Install pre-commit by running the following command: `uv pip install -r pyproject.toml --extra dev`. It will not only install pre-commit but also install all the deps and dev-deps of project
2. Once pre-commit is installed, navigate to the project's root directory.
3. Run the command `pre-commit run --all-files`. This will execute the pre-commit hooks configured for this project against the modified files. If any issues are found, the pre-commit tool will provide feedback on how to resolve them. Make the necessary changes and re-run the pre-commit command until all issues are resolved.
4. You can also install pre-commit as a git hook by executing `pre-commit install`. Every time you do a `git commit` pre-commit run automatically for you.
### Docstrings
All new functions and classes in `supervision` should include docstrings. This is a prerequisite for any new functions and classes to be added to the library.
`supervision` adheres to the [Google Python docstring style](https://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html#383-functions-and-methods). Please refer to the style guide while writing docstrings for your contribution.
### Type checking
So far, **there is no type checking with mypy**. See [issue](https://github.com/roboflow-ai/template-python/issues/4).
## 📝 Documentation
The `supervision` documentation is stored in a folder called `docs`. The project documentation is built using `mkdocs`.
To run the documentation, install the project requirements with `uv pip install -r pyproject.toml --extra dev --extra docs`. Then, run `mkdocs serve` to start the documentation server.
You can learn more about mkdocs on the [mkdocs website](https://www.mkdocs.org/).
## 🧑‍🍳 Cookbooks
We are always looking for new examples and cookbooks to add to the `supervision`
documentation. If you have a use case that you think would be helpful to others, please
submit a PR with your example. Here are some guidelines for submitting a new example:
- Create a new notebook in the [`docs/notebooks`](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/tree/develop/docs/notebooks) folder.
- Add a link to the new notebook in [`docs/theme/cookbooks.html`](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/develop/docs/theme/cookbooks.html). Make sure to add the path to the new notebook, as well as a title, labels, author and supervision version.
- Use the [Count Objects Crossing the Line](https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/notebooks/count-objects-crossing-the-line/) example as a template for your new example.
- Freeze the version of `supervision` you are using.
- Place an appropriate Open in Colab button at the top of the notebook. You can find an example of such a button in the aforementioned `Count Objects Crossing the Line` cookbook.
- Notebook should be self-contained. If you rely on external data ( videos, images, etc.) or libraries, include download and installation commands in the notebook.
- Annotate the code with appropriate comments, including links to the documentation describing each of the tools you have used.
## 🧪 Tests
[`pytests`](https://docs.pytest.org/en/7.1.x/) is used to run our tests.
## 📄 License
By contributing, you agree that your contributions will be licensed under an [MIT license](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/develop/LICENSE.md).
+15 -3
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@@ -2,8 +2,20 @@ MIT License
Copyright (c) 2022 Roboflow
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
+58 -65
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
<div align="center">
<p>
<a align="center" href="https://supervision.roboflow.com" target="_blank">
<a align="center" href="" target="https://supervision.roboflow.com">
<img
width="100%"
src="https://media.roboflow.com/open-source/supervision/rf-supervision-banner.png?updatedAt=1678995927529"
@@ -14,39 +14,30 @@
<br>
[![version](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision) [![downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/supervision)](https://pypistats.org/packages/supervision) [![license](https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/supervision)](LICENSE.md) [![python-version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/supervision)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision) [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/roboflow/supervision/graph/badge.svg?token=HMNJ5FVZ36)](https://codecov.io/gh/roboflow/supervision)
[![version](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
[![downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/supervision)](https://pypistats.org/packages/supervision)
[![snyk](https://snyk.io/advisor/python/supervision/badge.svg)](https://snyk.io/advisor/python/supervision)
[![license](https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/supervision)](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/main/LICENSE.md)
[![python-version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/supervision)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
[![colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/roboflow/supervision/blob/main/demo.ipynb)
[![gradio](https://img.shields.io/badge/%F0%9F%A4%97%20Hugging%20Face-Spaces-blue)](https://huggingface.co/spaces/Roboflow/Annotators)
[![discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/1159501506232451173?logo=discord&label=discord&labelColor=fff&color=5865f2&link=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscord.gg%2FGbfgXGJ8Bk)](https://discord.gg/GbfgXGJ8Bk)
[![built-with-material-for-mkdocs](https://img.shields.io/badge/Material_for_MkDocs-526CFE?logo=MaterialForMkDocs&logoColor=white)](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/)
[![snyk](https://snyk.io/advisor/python/supervision/badge.svg)](https://snyk.io/advisor/python/supervision) [![colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/roboflow/supervision/blob/main/demo.ipynb) [![gradio](https://img.shields.io/badge/%F0%9F%A4%97%20Hugging%20Face-Spaces-blue)](https://huggingface.co/spaces/Roboflow/Annotators) [![discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/1159501506232451173?logo=discord&label=discord&labelColor=fff&color=5865f2&link=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscord.gg%2FGbfgXGJ8Bk)](https://discord.gg/GbfgXGJ8Bk)
<div align="center">
<div align="center">
<a href="https://trendshift.io/repositories/124" target="_blank"><img src="https://trendshift.io/api/badge/repositories/124" alt="roboflow%2Fsupervision | Trendshift" style="width: 250px; height: 55px;" width="250" height="55"/></a>
</div>
</div>
<details>
<summary><strong>📑 Table of Contents</strong></summary>
## 👋 hello
- [👋 Hello](#-hello)
- [💻 Install](#-install)
- [🔥 Quickstart](#-quickstart)
- [Models](#models)
- [Annotators](#annotators)
- [Datasets](#datasets)
- [🎬 Tutorials](#-tutorials)
- [💜 Built with Supervision](#-built-with-supervision)
- [📚 Documentation](#-documentation)
- [🏆 Contribution](#-contribution)
**We write your reusable computer vision tools.** Whether you need to load your dataset from your hard drive, draw detections on an image or video, or count how many detections are in a zone. You can count on us! 🤝
</details>
## 💻 install
## 👋 Hello
**We are your essential toolkit for computer vision.** From data loading to real-time zone counting, we provide the building blocks so you can focus on building applications around your models. 🤝
## 💻 Install
Pip install the supervision package in a [**Python>=3.10**](https://www.python.org/) environment.
Pip install the supervision package in a
[**Python>=3.9**](https://www.python.org/) environment.
```bash
pip install supervision
@@ -54,22 +45,21 @@ pip install supervision
Read more about conda, mamba, and installing from source in our [guide](https://roboflow.github.io/supervision/).
## 🔥 Quickstart
## 🔥 quickstart
### Models
### models
Supervision was designed to be model agnostic. Just plug in any classification, detection, or segmentation model. For your convenience, we have created [connectors](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#detections) for the most popular libraries like Ultralytics, Transformers, MMDetection, or Inference. Other integrations, like `rfdetr`, already return `sv.Detections` directly.
Install the optional dependencies for this example with `pip install pillow rfdetr`.
Supervision was designed to be model agnostic. Just plug in any classification, detection, or segmentation model. For your convenience, we have created [connectors](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#detections) for the most popular libraries like Ultralytics, Transformers, or MMDetection.
```python
import cv2
import supervision as sv
from PIL import Image
from rfdetr import RFDETRSmall
from ultralytics import YOLO
image = Image.open("path/to/image.jpg")
model = RFDETRSmall()
detections = model.predict(image, threshold=0.5)
image = cv2.imread(...)
model = YOLO("yolov8s.pt")
result = model(image)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(result)
len(detections)
# 5
@@ -83,12 +73,12 @@ len(detections)
Running with [Inference](https://github.com/roboflow/inference) requires a [Roboflow API KEY](https://docs.roboflow.com/api-reference/authentication#retrieve-an-api-key).
```python
import cv2
import supervision as sv
from PIL import Image
from inference import get_model
image = Image.open("path/to/image.jpg")
model = get_model(model_id="rfdetr-small", api_key="ROBOFLOW_API_KEY")
image = cv2.imread(...)
model = get_model(model_id="yolov8s-640", api_key=<ROBOFLOW API KEY>)
result = model.infer(image)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(result)
@@ -98,7 +88,7 @@ len(detections)
</details>
### Annotators
### annotators
Supervision offers a wide range of highly customizable [annotators](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/), allowing you to compose the perfect visualization for your use case.
@@ -106,17 +96,18 @@ Supervision offers a wide range of highly customizable [annotators](https://supe
import cv2
import supervision as sv
image = cv2.imread("path/to/image.jpg")
# Assuming detections are obtained from a model
image = cv2.imread(...)
detections = sv.Detections(...)
box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
annotated_frame = box_annotator.annotate(scene=image.copy(), detections=detections)
annotated_frame = box_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections)
```
https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/assets/26109316/691e219c-0565-4403-9218-ab5644f39bce
### Datasets
### datasets
Supervision provides a set of [utils](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/) that allow you to load, split, merge, and save datasets in one of the supported formats.
@@ -124,8 +115,8 @@ Supervision provides a set of [utils](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/da
import supervision as sv
from roboflow import Roboflow
project = Roboflow().workspace("WORKSPACE_ID").project("PROJECT_ID")
dataset = project.version("PROJECT_VERSION").download("coco")
project = Roboflow().workspace(<WORKSPACE_ID>).project(<PROJECT_ID>)
dataset = project.version(<PROJECT_VERSION>).download("coco")
ds = sv.DetectionDataset.from_coco(
images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/train",
@@ -133,14 +124,13 @@ ds = sv.DetectionDataset.from_coco(
)
path, image, annotation = ds[0]
# loads image on demand
# loads image on demand
for path, image, annotation in ds:
# loads image on demand
pass
```
<details>
<details close>
<summary>👉 more dataset utils</summary>
- load
@@ -149,17 +139,17 @@ for path, image, annotation in ds:
dataset = sv.DetectionDataset.from_yolo(
images_directory_path=...,
annotations_directory_path=...,
data_yaml_path=...,
data_yaml_path=...
)
dataset = sv.DetectionDataset.from_pascal_voc(
images_directory_path=...,
annotations_directory_path=...,
annotations_directory_path=...
)
dataset = sv.DetectionDataset.from_coco(
images_directory_path=...,
annotations_path=...,
annotations_path=...
)
```
@@ -201,17 +191,17 @@ for path, image, annotation in ds:
dataset.as_yolo(
images_directory_path=...,
annotations_directory_path=...,
data_yaml_path=...,
data_yaml_path=...
)
dataset.as_pascal_voc(
images_directory_path=...,
annotations_directory_path=...,
annotations_directory_path=...
)
dataset.as_coco(
images_directory_path=...,
annotations_path=...,
annotations_path=...
)
```
@@ -221,23 +211,23 @@ for path, image, annotation in ds:
sv.DetectionDataset.from_yolo(
images_directory_path=...,
annotations_directory_path=...,
data_yaml_path=...,
data_yaml_path=...
).as_pascal_voc(
images_directory_path=...,
annotations_directory_path=...,
annotations_directory_path=...
)
```
</details>
## 🎬 Tutorials
## 🎬 tutorials
Want to learn how to use Supervision? Explore our [how-to guides](https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/how_to/detect_and_annotate/), [end-to-end examples](./examples), [cheatsheet](https://roboflow.github.io/cheatsheet-supervision/), and [cookbooks](https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/cookbooks/)!
Want to learn how to use Supervision? Explore our [how-to guides](https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/how_to/detect_and_annotate/), [end-to-end examples](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/tree/develop/examples), [cheatsheet](https://roboflow.github.io/cheatsheet-supervision/), and [cookbooks](https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/cookbooks/)!
<br/>
<p align="left">
<a href="https://youtu.be/hAWpsIuem10" title="Dwell Time Analysis with Computer Vision | Real-Time Stream Processing"><img src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/014cffc7-72b3-4c0a-bb89-6de265b2c06b" alt="Dwell Time Analysis with Computer Vision | Real-Time Stream Processing" width="300px" align="left" /></a>
<a href="https://youtu.be/hAWpsIuem10" title="Dwell Time Analysis with Computer Vision | Real-Time Stream Processing"><img src="https://github.com/SkalskiP/SkalskiP/assets/26109316/a742823d-c158-407d-b30f-063a5d11b4e1" alt="Dwell Time Analysis with Computer Vision | Real-Time Stream Processing" width="300px" align="left" /></a>
<a href="https://youtu.be/hAWpsIuem10" title="Dwell Time Analysis with Computer Vision | Real-Time Stream Processing"><strong>Dwell Time Analysis with Computer Vision | Real-Time Stream Processing</strong></a>
<div><strong>Created: 5 Apr 2024</strong></div>
<br/>Learn how to use computer vision to analyze wait times and optimize processes. This tutorial covers object detection, tracking, and calculating time spent in designated zones. Use these techniques to improve customer experience in retail, traffic management, or other scenarios.</p>
@@ -245,12 +235,12 @@ Want to learn how to use Supervision? Explore our [how-to guides](https://superv
<br/>
<p align="left">
<a href="https://youtu.be/uWP6UjDeZvY" title="Speed Estimation & Vehicle Tracking | Computer Vision | Open Source"><img src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/b16b8e21-dc6c-4a73-a678-2f7d5d374793" alt="Speed Estimation & Vehicle Tracking | Computer Vision | Open Source" width="300px" align="left" /></a>
<a href="https://youtu.be/uWP6UjDeZvY" title="Speed Estimation & Vehicle Tracking | Computer Vision | Open Source"><img src="https://github.com/SkalskiP/SkalskiP/assets/26109316/61a444c8-b135-48ce-b979-2a5ab47c5a91" alt="Speed Estimation & Vehicle Tracking | Computer Vision | Open Source" width="300px" align="left" /></a>
<a href="https://youtu.be/uWP6UjDeZvY" title="Speed Estimation & Vehicle Tracking | Computer Vision | Open Source"><strong>Speed Estimation & Vehicle Tracking | Computer Vision | Open Source</strong></a>
<div><strong>Created: 11 Jan 2024</strong></div>
<br/>Learn how to track and estimate the speed of vehicles using YOLO, ByteTrack, and Roboflow Inference. This comprehensive tutorial covers object detection, multi-object tracking, filtering detections, perspective transformation, speed estimation, visualization improvements, and more.</p>
## 💜 Built with Supervision
## 💜 built with supervision
Did you build something cool using supervision? [Let us know!](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/discussions/categories/built-with-supervision)
@@ -260,13 +250,13 @@ https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/assets/26109316/c9436828-9fbf-4c25-ae8c-
https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/assets/26109316/3ac6982f-4943-4108-9b7f-51787ef1a69f
## 📚 Documentation
## 📚 documentation
Visit our [documentation](https://roboflow.github.io/supervision) page to learn how supervision can help you build computer vision applications faster and more reliably.
## 🏆 Contribution
## 🏆 contribution
We love your input! Please see our [contributing guide](.github/CONTRIBUTING.md) to get started. Thank you 🙏 to all our contributors!
We love your input! Please see our [contributing guide](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) to get started. Thank you 🙏 to all our contributors!
<p align="center">
<a href="https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/graphs/contributors">
@@ -276,6 +266,8 @@ We love your input! Please see our [contributing guide](.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)
<br>
<div align="center">
<div align="center">
<a href="https://youtube.com/roboflow">
<img
@@ -310,7 +302,6 @@ We love your input! Please see our [contributing guide](.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)
src="https://media.roboflow.com/notebooks/template/icons/purple/forum.png?ik-sdk-version=javascript-1.4.3&updatedAt=1672949633584"
width="3%"
/>
</a>
<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ultralytics/assets/main/social/logo-transparent.png" width="3%"/>
<a href="https://blog.roboflow.com">
<img
@@ -318,4 +309,6 @@ We love your input! Please see our [contributing guide](.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)
width="3%"
/>
</a>
</a>
</div>
</div>
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
0d5d9799b1cc4a39825146388c6781eb
-6
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@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
/*
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Referrer-Policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin
Permissions-Policy: camera=(), microphone=(), geolocation=()
Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none'; frame-ancestors 'none'; img-src 'self' https: data:; media-src 'self' https: data:; font-src 'self' https: data:; style-src 'self'; script-src 'self'; connect-src 'self' https:;
-27
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@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
---
comments: true
description: About Supervision, Roboflow's open-source Python library for building reusable computer vision workflows.
---
# About Supervision
Supervision is an open-source Python library by Roboflow for building computer vision applications. It gives developers a model-agnostic toolkit for loading predictions, annotating images and video, tracking objects, counting detections in zones, processing datasets, and evaluating model performance.
The project centers on a unified `Detections` API with converters for supported outputs from Ultralytics, Roboflow Inference, Hugging Face Transformers, SAM, Detectron2, MMDetection, YOLO-NAS, PaddleDet, NCNN, Azure AI Vision, and VLM parsers such as Florence-2, PaliGemma, Qwen VL, Gemini, DeepSeek VL 2, and Moondream. That common representation lets teams change models without rewriting annotation, filtering, tracking, dataset, or metrics code.
Supervision is maintained by Roboflow and an open-source contributor community. The library is MIT licensed, developed in public on GitHub, and published on PyPI.
## Project Links
- Source code: [github.com/roboflow/supervision](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision)
- Package: [pypi.org/project/supervision](https://pypi.org/project/supervision/)
- Community: [Roboflow Discord](https://discord.gg/GbfgXGJ8Bk)
- Roboflow: [roboflow.com](https://roboflow.com/)
## Maintainers and Contributors
Supervision has been shaped by Roboflow engineers and community contributors, including Piotr Skalski, Borda, onuralpszr, Soumik Mandal, and many others. The complete contributor history is available in the GitHub repository.
## Citation
If Supervision helps your research or production system, cite the project using the citation block in [llms.txt](https://supervision.roboflow.com/llms.txt) or link to the GitHub repository.
+2 -8
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@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
---
comments: true
description: API reference for supervision's assets module — download sample video and image files for demos, testing, and tutorials.
---
# Assets
Supervision offers an assets download utility that allows you to download image and video files that you can use in your demos.
Supervision offers an assets download utility that allows you to download video files
that you can use in your demos.
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.assets.downloader.download_assets.download_assets">download_assets</a></h2>
@@ -18,9 +18,3 @@ Supervision offers an assets download utility that allows you to download image
</div>
:::supervision.assets.list.VideoAssets
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.assets.list.ImageAssets">ImageAssets</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.assets.list.ImageAssets
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+5 -1
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@@ -1 +1,5 @@
--8<-- ".github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md"
# Code of conduct
```
--8<-- "CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md"
```
-29
View File
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
---
comments: true
description: Contact and support channels for Supervision documentation, bugs, feature requests, security reports, and community help.
---
# Contact
Use the channel that matches the kind of request you have.
## Bugs and Feature Requests
Open a GitHub issue for reproducible bugs, API requests, documentation fixes, and feature proposals:
[github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues)
## Community Support
Join the Roboflow Discord for community questions, examples, and implementation discussion:
[discord.gg/GbfgXGJ8Bk](https://discord.gg/GbfgXGJ8Bk)
## Package and Source
- PyPI package: [pypi.org/project/supervision](https://pypi.org/project/supervision/)
- GitHub repository: [github.com/roboflow/supervision](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision)
## Security Reports
For security-sensitive reports, avoid posting public exploit details in an issue. Use GitHub's private vulnerability reporting flow for the repository when available, or contact Roboflow through the security and support channels listed on [roboflow.com](https://roboflow.com/).
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--8<-- ".github/CONTRIBUTING.md"
--8<-- "CONTRIBUTING.md"
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@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
---
template: cookbooks.html
comments: true
description: Collection of practical computer vision cookbooks — object tracking, zero-shot detection, SAHI small object detection, occupancy analytics, and more.
hide:
- navigation
- toc
+2 -3
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@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
---
comments: true
description: API reference for supervision's DetectionDataset and ClassificationDataset — load, merge, split, and convert datasets in YOLO, COCO, VOC, CreateML, and LabelMe formats.
---
# Datasets
!!! warning
Dataset API is still fluid and may change. If you use Dataset API in your project until further notice, freeze the `supervision` version in your `requirements.txt` or `setup.py`.
Dataset API is still fluid and may change. If you use Dataset API in your project until further notice, freeze the
`supervision` version in your `requirements.txt` or `setup.py`.
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2>DetectionDataset</h2>
+17
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@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
---
comments: true
---
# Datasets Utils
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.dataset.utils.rle_to_mask">rle_to_mask</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.dataset.utils.rle_to_mask
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.dataset.utils.mask_to_rle">mask_to_rle</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.dataset.utils.mask_to_rle
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@@ -5,32 +5,22 @@ status: deprecated
# Deprecated
These features are phased out due to better alternatives or potential issues in future versions. Deprecated functionalities are typically supported for multiple subsequent releases, providing time for users to transition to updated methods.
These features are phased out due to better alternatives or potential issues in future versions. Deprecated functionalities are supported for **five subsequent releases**, providing time for users to transition to updated methods.
- [`sv.ByteTrack`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/trackers/#supervision.tracker.byte_tracker.core.ByteTrack) is deprecated in `supervision-0.28.0` in favour of `ByteTrackTracker` from the external [`trackers`](https://pypi.org/project/trackers/) package (`pip install trackers`). The update method is renamed from `update_with_detections()` to `update()`. Removal is planned for `supervision-0.31.0`.
- `supervision.keypoint` module is deprecated in `supervision-0.27.0`; use `supervision.key_points` instead. It will be removed in `supervision-0.31.0`.
- `create_tiles` in `supervision.utils.image` is deprecated in `supervision-0.27.0`. It will be removed in `supervision-0.31.0`.
- `ensure_cv2_image_for_processing` in `supervision.utils.conversion` is deprecated in `supervision-0.27.0`. It will be removed in `supervision-0.31.0`.
- Keypoint validation utilities in `supervision.validators` are deprecated in `supervision-0.27.0`. They will be removed in `supervision-0.31.0`.
- `normalized_xyxy` argument in [`sv.denormalize_boxes`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/boxes/#supervision.detection.utils.boxes.denormalize_boxes) is deprecated in `supervision-0.27.0` and renamed to `xyxy`. Passing `normalized_xyxy=` emits a `FutureWarning`; support will be removed in `supervision-0.31.0`.
- `supervision.dataset.utils` import path for [`sv.rle_to_mask`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/converters/#supervision.detection.utils.converters.rle_to_mask) and [`sv.mask_to_rle`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/converters/#supervision.detection.utils.converters.mask_to_rle) is deprecated in `supervision-0.28.0`. These functions moved to `supervision.detection.utils.converters` and will be removed from `supervision.dataset.utils` in `supervision-0.31.0`.
- `sv.LMM` enum is deprecated in `supervision-0.27.0` and will be removed in `supervision-0.31.0`. Use `sv.VLM` instead.
- [`sv.Detections.from_lmm`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_lmm) classmethod is deprecated in `supervision-0.26.0` and will be removed in `supervision-0.31.0`. Use [`sv.Detections.from_vlm`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_vlm) instead.
- `KeyPoints.confidence` is deprecated in `supervision-0.29.0`. Use `KeyPoints.keypoint_confidence` instead. It will be removed in `supervision-0.32.0`.
- Public `validate_*` helper functions are deprecated in `supervision-0.29.0` and will be removed in `supervision-0.32.0`. Supervision internals now use private `_validate_*` helpers.
- `overlap_filter_strategy` in [`InferenceSlicer.__init__`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/) is deprecated and will be removed in `supervision-0.27.0`. Use `overlap_strategy` instead.
- `overlap_ratio_wh` in [`InferenceSlicer.__init__`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/) is deprecated and will be removed in `supervision-0.27.0`. Use `overlap_wh` instead.
- `sv.LMM` enum is deprecated and will be removed in `supervision-0.31.0`. Use `sv.VLM` instead.
- [`sv.Detections.from_lmm`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.26.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_lmm) property is deprecated and will be removed in `supervision-0.31.0`. Use [`sv.Detections.from_vlm`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.26.0/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_vlm) instead.
# Removed
### 0.27.0
- `overlap_ratio_wh` parameter in [`sv.InferenceSlicer`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/) has been removed. Use the pixel-based `overlap_wh` parameter instead.
- `overlap_filter_strategy` parameter in [`sv.InferenceSlicer`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/) has been removed. Use `overlap_strategy` instead.
### 0.26.0
- The `sv.DetectionDataset.images` property has been removed in `supervision-0.26.0`. Please loop over images with `for path, image, annotation in dataset:`, as that does not require loading all images into memory. Also, constructing `sv.DetectionDataset` with parameter `images` as `Dict[str, np.ndarray]` is deprecated and has been removed in `supervision-0.26.0`. Please pass a list of paths `List[str]` instead.
- The name `sv.BoundingBoxAnnotator` is deprecated and has been removed in `supervision-0.26.0`. It has been renamed to [`sv.BoxAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/0.22.0/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BoxAnnotator).
### 0.24.0
- The `frame_resolution_wh ` parameter in [`sv.PolygonZone`](detection/tools/polygon_zone.md/#supervision.detection.tools.polygon_zone.PolygonZone) has been removed.
@@ -49,6 +39,6 @@ These features are phased out due to better alternatives or potential issues in
- The method `sv.Color.red()` was removed as of `supervision-0.22.0`. Use the constant `sv.Color.RED` instead.
- The method `sv.Color.green()` was removed as of `supervision-0.22.0`. Use the constant `sv.Color.GREEN` instead.
- The method `sv.Color.blue()` was removed as of `supervision-0.22.0`. Use the constant `sv.Color.BLUE` instead.
- The method `sv.ColorPalette.default()` was removed as of `supervision-0.22.0`. Use the constant [`ColorPalette.DEFAULT`](utils/draw.md/#supervision.draw.color.ColorPalette.DEFAULT) instead.
- The method `sv.ColorPalette.default()` was removed as of `supervision-0.22.0`. Use the constant [`ColorPalette.DEFAULT`](/utils/draw/#supervision.draw.color.ColorPalette.DEFAULT) instead.
- `sv.BoxAnnotator` was removed as of `supervision-0.22.0`, however `sv.BoundingBoxAnnotator` was immediately renamed to `sv.BoxAnnotator`. Use [`BoxAnnotator`](detection/annotators.md/#supervision.annotators.core.BoxAnnotator) and [`LabelAnnotator`](detection/annotators.md/#supervision.annotators.core.LabelAnnotator) instead of the old `sv.BoxAnnotator`.
- The method `sv.FPSMonitor.__call__` was removed as of `supervision-0.22.0`. Use the attribute [`sv.FPSMonitor.fps`](utils/video.md/#supervision.utils.video.FPSMonitor.fps) instead.
+346 -356
View File
@@ -1,361 +1,356 @@
---
comments: true
description: API reference for supervision's annotator classes — draw bounding boxes, masks, labels, tracks, and heatmaps on images with one method call.
status: new
---
# Annotators
Annotators accept detections and apply box or mask visualizations to the detections. Annotators have many available styles.
=== "Outlines"
=== "Box"
=== "Box"
```python
import supervision as sv
```python
import supervision as sv
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
annotated_frame = box_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections
)
```
box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
annotated_frame = box_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections,
)
```
<div class="result" markdown>
<div class="result" markdown>
![bounding-box-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/bounding-box-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
![bounding-box-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/bounding-box-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
</div>
</div>
=== "RoundBox"
=== "RoundBox"
```python
import supervision as sv
```python
import supervision as sv
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
round_box_annotator = sv.RoundBoxAnnotator()
annotated_frame = round_box_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections
)
```
round_box_annotator = sv.RoundBoxAnnotator()
annotated_frame = round_box_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections,
)
```
<div class="result" markdown>
<div class="result" markdown>
![round-box-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/round-box-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
![round-box-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/round-box-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
</div>
</div>
=== "BoxCorner"
=== "BoxCorner"
```python
import supervision as sv
```python
import supervision as sv
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
corner_annotator = sv.BoxCornerAnnotator()
annotated_frame = corner_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections
)
```
corner_annotator = sv.BoxCornerAnnotator()
annotated_frame = corner_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections,
)
```
<div class="result" markdown>
<div class="result" markdown>
![box-corner-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/box-corner-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
![box-corner-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/box-corner-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
</div>
</div>
=== "Color"
=== "Circle"
```python
import supervision as sv
```python
import supervision as sv
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
color_annotator = sv.ColorAnnotator()
annotated_frame = color_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections
)
```
circle_annotator = sv.CircleAnnotator()
annotated_frame = circle_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections,
)
```
<div class="result" markdown>
<div class="result" markdown>
![box-mask-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/box-mask-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
![circle-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/circle-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
</div>
</div>
=== "Circle"
=== "Ellipse"
```python
import supervision as sv
```python
import supervision as sv
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
circle_annotator = sv.CircleAnnotator()
annotated_frame = circle_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections
)
```
ellipse_annotator = sv.EllipseAnnotator()
annotated_frame = ellipse_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections,
)
```
<div class="result" markdown>
<div class="result" markdown>
![circle-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/circle-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
![ellipse-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/ellipse-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
</div>
</div>
=== "Dot"
=== "Polygon"
```python
import supervision as sv
```python
import supervision as sv
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
dot_annotator = sv.DotAnnotator()
annotated_frame = dot_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections
)
```
polygon_annotator = sv.PolygonAnnotator()
annotated_frame = polygon_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections,
)
```
<div class="result" markdown>
<div class="result" markdown>
![dot-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/dot-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
![polygon-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/polygon-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
</div>
</div>
=== "Triangle"
=== "Shading"
```python
import supervision as sv
=== "Color"
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
```python
import supervision as sv
triangle_annotator = sv.TriangleAnnotator()
annotated_frame = triangle_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections
)
```
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
<div class="result" markdown>
color_annotator = sv.ColorAnnotator()
annotated_frame = color_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections,
)
```
![triangle-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/triangle-annotator-example.png){ align=center width="800" }
<div class="result" markdown>
</div>
![box-mask-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/box-mask-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
=== "Ellipse"
</div>
```python
import supervision as sv
=== "Halo"
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
```python
import supervision as sv
ellipse_annotator = sv.EllipseAnnotator()
annotated_frame = ellipse_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections
)
```
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
<div class="result" markdown>
halo_annotator = sv.HaloAnnotator()
annotated_frame = halo_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections,
)
```
![ellipse-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/ellipse-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
<div class="result" markdown>
</div>
![halo-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/halo-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
=== "Halo"
</div>
```python
import supervision as sv
=== "Mask"
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
```python
import supervision as sv
halo_annotator = sv.HaloAnnotator()
annotated_frame = halo_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections
)
```
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
<div class="result" markdown>
mask_annotator = sv.MaskAnnotator()
annotated_frame = mask_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections,
)
```
![halo-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/halo-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
!!! note
</div>
`MaskAnnotator` expects `detections.mask` to contain instance segmentation masks aligned to the image passed to `annotate`. For dense masks, provide a boolean array of shape `(N, H, W)` where `(H, W)` matches the image height and width (it also accepts `sv.CompactMask`). If your model returns framework-specific results, convert them to `sv.Detections` first, for example with `sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(...)` or `sv.Detections.from_inference(...)`.
=== "PercentageBar"
<div class="result" markdown>
```python
import supervision as sv
![mask-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/mask-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
</div>
percentage_bar_annotator = sv.PercentageBarAnnotator()
annotated_frame = percentage_bar_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections
)
```
=== "Markers"
<div class="result" markdown>
=== "Dot"
![percentage-bar-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/percentage-bar-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
```python
import supervision as sv
</div>
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
=== "Mask"
dot_annotator = sv.DotAnnotator()
annotated_frame = dot_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections,
)
```
```python
import supervision as sv
<div class="result" markdown>
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
![dot-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/dot-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
mask_annotator = sv.MaskAnnotator()
annotated_frame = mask_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections
)
```
</div>
<div class="result" markdown>
=== "Triangle"
![mask-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/
mask-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
```python
import supervision as sv
</div>
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
=== "Polygon"
triangle_annotator = sv.TriangleAnnotator()
annotated_frame = triangle_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections,
)
```
```python
import supervision as sv
<div class="result" markdown>
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
![triangle-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/triangle-annotator-example.png){ align=center width="800" }
polygon_annotator = sv.PolygonAnnotator()
annotated_frame = polygon_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections
)
```
</div>
<div class="result" markdown>
=== "Labels"
![polygon-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/
polygon-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
=== "Label"
</div>
```python
import supervision as sv
=== "Label"
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
```python
import supervision as sv
labels = [
f"{class_name} {confidence:.2f}"
for class_name, confidence in zip(
detections["class_name"],
detections.confidence,
)
]
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator(text_position=sv.Position.CENTER)
annotated_frame = label_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(), detections=detections, labels=labels
)
```
labels = [
f"{class_name} {confidence:.2f}"
for class_name, confidence
in zip(detections['class_name'], detections.confidence)
]
<div class="result" markdown>
label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator(text_position=sv.Position.CENTER)
annotated_frame = label_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections,
labels=labels
)
```
![label-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/label-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
<div class="result" markdown>
</div>
![label-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/
label-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
=== "RichLabel"
</div>
```python
import supervision as sv
=== "RichLabel"
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
```python
import supervision as sv
labels = [
f"{class_name} {confidence:.2f}"
for class_name, confidence in zip(
detections["class_name"],
detections.confidence,
)
]
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
rich_label_annotator = sv.RichLabelAnnotator(
font_path="TTF_FONT_PATH",
text_position=sv.Position.CENTER,
)
annotated_frame = rich_label_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections,
labels=labels,
)
```
labels = [
f"{class_name} {confidence:.2f}"
for class_name, confidence
in zip(detections['class_name'], detections.confidence)
]
<div class="result" markdown>
rich_label_annotator = sv.RichLabelAnnotator(
font_path="<TTF_FONT_PATH>",
text_position=sv.Position.CENTER
)
annotated_frame = rich_label_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections,
labels=labels
)
```
![label-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/label-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
<div class="result" markdown>
</div>
![label-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/
label-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
=== "Transformative"
</div>
=== "Blur"
=== "Icon"
```python
import supervision as sv
```python
import supervision as sv
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
blur_annotator = sv.BlurAnnotator()
annotated_frame = blur_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections,
)
```
icon_paths = [
"<ICON_PATH>"
for _ in detections
]
<div class="result" markdown>
icon_annotator = sv.IconAnnotator()
annotated_frame = icon_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections,
icon_path=icon_paths
)
```
![blur-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/blur-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
<div class="result" markdown>
</div>
![icon-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/
icon-annotator-example.png){ align=center width="800" }
=== "Pixelate"
</div>
```python
import supervision as sv
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
pixelate_annotator = sv.PixelateAnnotator()
annotated_frame = pixelate_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections,
)
```
<div class="result" markdown>
![pixelate-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/pixelate-annotator-example-10.png){ align=center width="800" }
</div>
<!-- === "Crop"
<!-- === "Crop"
```python
import supervision as sv
@@ -366,172 +361,167 @@ Annotators accept detections and apply box or mask visualizations to the detecti
crop_annotator = sv.CropAnnotator()
annotated_frame = crop_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections,
detections=detections
)
```
<div class="result" markdown>
![crop-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/crop-annotator-example.png){ align=center width="800" }
![crop-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/
crop-annotator-example.png){ align=center width="800" }
</div>
-->
-->
=== "Blur"
=== "Tracking & Aggregation"
```python
import supervision as sv
=== "Trace"
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
```python
import supervision as sv
from ultralytics import YOLO
blur_annotator = sv.BlurAnnotator()
annotated_frame = blur_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections
)
```
model = YOLO("yolov8x.pt")
<div class="result" markdown>
trace_annotator = sv.TraceAnnotator()
![blur-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/
blur-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
video_info = sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(video_path="...")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(source_path="...")
tracker = sv.ByteTrack()
</div>
with sv.VideoSink(target_path="...", video_info=video_info) as sink:
for frame in frames_generator:
result = model(frame)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(result)
detections = tracker.update_with_detections(detections)
annotated_frame = trace_annotator.annotate(
scene=frame.copy(),
detections=detections,
)
sink.write_frame(frame=annotated_frame)
```
=== "Pixelate"
<div class="result" markdown>
```python
import supervision as sv
![trace-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/trace-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
</div>
pixelate_annotator = sv.PixelateAnnotator()
annotated_frame = pixelate_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections
)
```
=== "HeatMap"
<div class="result" markdown>
```python
import supervision as sv
from ultralytics import YOLO
![pixelate-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/
pixelate-annotator-example-10.png){ align=center width="800" }
model = YOLO("yolov8x.pt")
</div>
heat_map_annotator = sv.HeatMapAnnotator()
=== "Trace"
video_info = sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(video_path="...")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(source_path="...")
```python
import supervision as sv
from ultralytics import YOLO
with sv.VideoSink(target_path="...", video_info=video_info) as sink:
for frame in frames_generator:
result = model(frame)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(result)
annotated_frame = heat_map_annotator.annotate(
scene=frame.copy(),
detections=detections,
)
sink.write_frame(frame=annotated_frame)
```
model = YOLO('yolov8x.pt')
<div class="result" markdown>
trace_annotator = sv.TraceAnnotator()
![heat-map-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/heat-map-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
video_info = sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(video_path='...')
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(source_path='...')
tracker = sv.ByteTrack()
</div>
with sv.VideoSink(target_path='...', video_info=video_info) as sink:
for frame in frames_generator:
result = model(frame)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(result)
detections = tracker.update_with_detections(detections)
annotated_frame = trace_annotator.annotate(
scene=frame.copy(),
detections=detections)
sink.write_frame(frame=annotated_frame)
```
=== "Others"
<div class="result" markdown>
=== "PercentageBar"
![trace-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/
trace-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
```python
import supervision as sv
</div>
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
=== "HeatMap"
percentage_bar_annotator = sv.PercentageBarAnnotator()
annotated_frame = percentage_bar_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections,
)
```
```python
import supervision as sv
from ultralytics import YOLO
<div class="result" markdown>
model = YOLO('yolov8x.pt')
![percentage-bar-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/percentage-bar-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
heat_map_annotator = sv.HeatMapAnnotator()
</div>
video_info = sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(video_path='...')
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(source_path='...')
=== "Icon"
with sv.VideoSink(target_path='...', video_info=video_info) as sink:
for frame in frames_generator:
result = model(frame)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(result)
annotated_frame = heat_map_annotator.annotate(
scene=frame.copy(),
detections=detections)
sink.write_frame(frame=annotated_frame)
```
```python
import supervision as sv
<div class="result" markdown>
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
![heat-map-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/
heat-map-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
icon_paths = ["<ICON_PATH>" for _ in detections]
</div>
icon_annotator = sv.IconAnnotator()
annotated_frame = icon_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections,
icon_path=icon_paths,
)
```
=== "Background Color"
<div class="result" markdown>
```python
import supervision as sv
![icon-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/icon-annotator-example.png){ align=center width="800" }
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
</div>
background_overlay_annotator = sv.BackgroundOverlayAnnotator()
annotated_frame = background_overlay_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections
)
```
=== "Background Color"
<div class="result" markdown>
```python
import supervision as sv
![background-overlay-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/background-color-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
image = ...
detections = sv.Detections(...)
</div>
background_overlay_annotator = sv.BackgroundOverlayAnnotator()
annotated_frame = background_overlay_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections=detections,
)
```
=== "Comparison"
<div class="result" markdown>
```python
import supervision as sv
![background-overlay-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/background-color-annotator-example-purple.png){ align=center width="800" }
image = ...
detections_1 = sv.Detections(...)
detections_2 = sv.Detections(...)
</div>
comparison_annotator = sv.ComparisonAnnotator()
annotated_frame = comparison_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections_1=detections_1,
detections_2=detections_2
)
```
=== "Comparison"
<div class="result" markdown>
```python
import supervision as sv
![comparison-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/
comparison-annotator-example.png){ align=center width="800" }
image = ...
detections_1 = sv.Detections(...)
detections_2 = sv.Detections(...)
comparison_annotator = sv.ComparisonAnnotator()
annotated_frame = comparison_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
detections_1=detections_1,
detections_2=detections_2,
)
```
<div class="result" markdown>
![comparison-annotator-example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-annotator-examples/comparison-annotator-example.png){ align=center width="800" }
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2>Try Supervision Annotators on your own image</h2>
-7
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@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
---
comments: true
---
# CompactMask
:::supervision.detection.compact_mask.CompactMask
+1 -1
View File
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
---
comments: true
description: API reference for supervision's Detections class — the core data structure for bounding boxes, masks, confidence scores, and tracker IDs.
status: new
---
# Detections
+2 -7
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@@ -4,13 +4,8 @@ comments: true
# Legacy Metrics
Starting with `0.23.0`, a new metrics module is being introduced to supervision. Metrics here are part of the legacy evaluation API and will be deprecated in the future.
Install the metrics extra before using this page's APIs:
```bash
pip install "supervision[metrics]"
```
Starting with `0.23.0`, a new metrics module is being introduced to supervision.
Metrics here are part of the legacy evaluation API and will be deprecated in the future.
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.metrics.detection.ConfusionMatrix">ConfusionMatrix</a></h2>
-47
View File
@@ -4,51 +4,4 @@ comments: true
# InferenceSlicer
## GeoTIFF Datasets
Install the optional GeoTIFF dependencies before running this example:
```bash
pip install "supervision[geotiff]"
wget -O RGB.byte.tif https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rasterio/rasterio/main/tests/data/RGB.byte.tif
```
`InferenceSlicer` can read an open `rasterio` dataset window-by-window. This keeps large GeoTIFFs out of memory while passing each tile to the callback as an `(H, W, C)` NumPy array.
```python
import numpy as np
import rasterio
import supervision as sv
def callback(tile: np.ndarray) -> sv.Detections:
h, w = tile.shape[:2]
return sv.Detections(
xyxy=np.array([[w * 0.25, h * 0.25, w * 0.75, h * 0.75]], dtype=float),
confidence=np.array([0.9]),
class_id=np.array([0]),
)
slicer = sv.InferenceSlicer(
callback=callback,
slice_wh=(256, 256),
overlap_wh=(64, 64),
overlap_filter=sv.OverlapFilter.NONE,
)
with rasterio.open("RGB.byte.tif") as dataset:
detections = slicer(dataset)
print(len(detections))
```
GeoTIFF inputs must use a projected coordinate reference system. Reproject geographic rasters before passing them to `InferenceSlicer`.
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.detection.tools.inference_slicer.WindowedRasterDataset">WindowedRasterDataset</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.detection.tools.inference_slicer.WindowedRasterDataset
:::supervision.detection.tools.inference_slicer.InferenceSlicer
+2 -7
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@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
---
comments: true
status: new
---
# Boxes Utils
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ comments: true
:::supervision.detection.utils.boxes.scale_boxes
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.detection.utils.boxes.clip_boxes">clip_boxes</a></h2>
<h2><a href="#supervision.detection.boxes.utils.clip_boxes">clip_boxes</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.detection.utils.boxes.clip_boxes
@@ -33,9 +34,3 @@ comments: true
</div>
:::supervision.detection.utils.boxes.denormalize_boxes
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.detection.utils.boxes.xyxyxyxy_to_xyxy">xyxyxyxy_to_xyxy</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.detection.utils.boxes.xyxyxyxy_to_xyxy
-24
View File
@@ -58,27 +58,3 @@ status: new
</div>
:::supervision.detection.utils.converters.polygon_to_xyxy
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.detection.utils.converters.xyxy_to_mask">xyxy_to_mask</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.detection.utils.converters.xyxy_to_mask
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.detection.utils.converters.rle_to_mask">rle_to_mask</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.detection.utils.converters.rle_to_mask
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.detection.utils.converters.mask_to_rle">mask_to_rle</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.detection.utils.converters.mask_to_rle
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.detection.utils.converters.is_compressed_rle">is_compressed_rle</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.detection.utils.converters.is_compressed_rle
+1 -24
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@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
---
comments: true
status: new
---
# IoU and NMS Utils
@@ -52,24 +53,12 @@ comments: true
:::supervision.detection.utils.iou_and_nms.box_non_max_suppression
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.detection.utils.iou_and_nms.box_soft_non_max_suppression">box_soft_non_max_suppression</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.detection.utils.iou_and_nms.box_soft_non_max_suppression
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.detection.utils.iou_and_nms.mask_non_max_suppression">mask_non_max_suppression</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.detection.utils.iou_and_nms.mask_non_max_suppression
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.detection.utils.iou_and_nms.mask_soft_non_max_suppression">mask_soft_non_max_suppression</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.detection.utils.iou_and_nms.mask_soft_non_max_suppression
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.detection.utils.iou_and_nms.box_non_max_merge">box_non_max_merge</a></h2>
</div>
@@ -81,15 +70,3 @@ comments: true
</div>
:::supervision.detection.utils.iou_and_nms.mask_non_max_merge
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.detection.utils.iou_and_nms.oriented_box_non_max_suppression">oriented_box_non_max_suppression</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.detection.utils.iou_and_nms.oriented_box_non_max_suppression
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.detection.utils.iou_and_nms.oriented_box_non_max_merge">oriented_box_non_max_merge</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.detection.utils.iou_and_nms.oriented_box_non_max_merge
-18
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@@ -5,12 +5,6 @@ status: new
# Masks Utils
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.detection.utils.masks.mask_to_roi">mask_to_roi</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.detection.utils.masks.mask_to_roi
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.detection.utils.masks.move_masks">move_masks</a></h2>
</div>
@@ -28,15 +22,3 @@ status: new
</div>
:::supervision.detection.utils.masks.contains_multiple_segments
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.detection.utils.masks.filter_segments_by_distance">filter_segments_by_distance</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.detection.utils.masks.filter_segments_by_distance
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.detection.utils.masks.calculate_masks_centroids">calculate_masks_centroids</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.detection.utils.masks.calculate_masks_centroids
+1
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@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
---
comments: true
status: new
---
# Polygons Utils
-36
View File
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
---
comments: true
status: new
---
# VLM Utils
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.detection.vlm.VLM">VLM</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.detection.vlm.VLM
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.detection.vlm.LMM">LMM</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.detection.vlm.LMM
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.detection.vlm.validate_vlm_parameters">validate_vlm_parameters</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.detection.vlm.validate_vlm_parameters
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.detection.utils.vlms.edit_distance">edit_distance</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.detection.utils.vlms.edit_distance
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.detection.utils.vlms.fuzzy_match_index">fuzzy_match_index</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.detection.utils.vlms.fuzzy_match_index
-81
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@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
---
comments: true
description: Frequently asked questions about installing Supervision, supported computer vision models, datasets, tracking, metrics, and licensing.
---
# Frequently Asked Questions
## What is Supervision?
Supervision is an open-source Python library by Roboflow for computer vision workflows. It provides a unified `Detections` class with converters for supported object detection, segmentation, and VLM outputs.
## How do I install Supervision?
Install the base package with:
```bash
pip install supervision
```
Use the `metrics` extra when you need optional metric dependencies:
```bash
pip install "supervision[metrics]"
```
Sample asset utilities are part of the base package under `supervision.assets`.
Supervision does not install OpenCV. Its image, drawing, and file-video APIs use the included fallback when `cv2` is unavailable, and automatically use a compatible `cv2` already present in your environment. See the [OpenCV migration guide](how_to/opencv_migration.md) when upgrading an existing environment or choosing an OpenCV wheel yourself.
## Which object detection models work with Supervision?
Supervision is model agnostic. `sv.Detections` includes converters for Ultralytics YOLO, Roboflow Inference, Hugging Face Transformers outputs, SAM, Detectron2, MMDetection, YOLO-NAS, PaddleDet, NCNN, Azure AI Vision, and VLM parsers including Florence-2, PaliGemma, Qwen VL, Gemini, DeepSeek VL 2, and Moondream. Keypoint outputs have separate `sv.KeyPoints` converters, including MediaPipe.
## What can I do with Supervision?
You can annotate images and video, filter detections, track objects, count objects in zones or across lines, load and convert datasets, evaluate models with detection metrics, and export predictions for downstream analysis.
## How do I track objects across video frames?
Assign persistent tracker IDs before visualization. The built-in `sv.ByteTrack` wrapper accepts `Detections` through `update_with_detections()`, but it is deprecated in favor of `ByteTrackTracker` from the external `trackers` package. After tracking, combine the output with annotators such as `sv.TraceAnnotator`, `sv.BoxAnnotator`, and `sv.LabelAnnotator`.
## What dataset formats does Supervision support?
For detection datasets, Supervision supports YOLO, COCO JSON, Pascal VOC, CreateML, and LabelMe. Use `DetectionDataset.from_yolo()`, `DetectionDataset.from_coco()`, `DetectionDataset.from_pascal_voc()`, `DetectionDataset.from_createml()`, or `DetectionDataset.from_labelme()` to load datasets, and the matching `as_*` methods to export them.
## How do I count objects in a zone?
Use `sv.PolygonZone` for arbitrary polygon regions and `sv.LineZone` for line-crossing counts. Line crossing requires `detections.tracker_id`, so run a tracker before calling the line zone trigger.
## How do I benchmark a model?
Install `supervision[metrics]`, then use `supervision.metrics.mean_average_precision.MeanAveragePrecision` for mAP and `sv.ConfusionMatrix` for confusion matrices. Accumulate predictions and ground-truth `Detections`, then call `compute()` to calculate metrics.
## Is Supervision free to use?
Yes. Supervision is free and open source under the MIT license.
## How do I process frames from a webcam with supervision?
Supervision does not support live camera capture. Manage the capture device yourself with `cv2.VideoCapture`, which works regardless of which OpenCV wheel (`opencv-python` or `opencv-python-headless`) is installed, and pass individual frames to supervision annotators:
```python
import cv2 # requires: pip install opencv-python (or opencv-python-headless)
import supervision as sv
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
while True:
ret, frame = cap.read()
if not ret:
break
# run your detector, then annotate:
# annotated = annotator.annotate(frame, detections)
cap.release()
```
## Where is the source code?
The source code is available at [github.com/roboflow/supervision](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision).
+37 -74
View File
@@ -1,11 +1,6 @@
---
comments: true
description: Benchmark object detection models with supervision — compute mAP, confusion matrix, and per-class metrics to compare model performance.
authors:
- name: Piotr Skalski
role: Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
github: https://github.com/SkalskiP
date_modified: 2026-04-22
status: new
---
![Corgi Example](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision/image-examples/how-to/benchmark-models/corgi-sorted-2.png)
@@ -42,9 +37,14 @@ We'll use the following libraries:
- `supervision` to evaluate the model results
```bash
pip install roboflow inference "supervision[metrics]"
pip install roboflow supervision
pip install git+https://github.com/roboflow/inference.git@linas/allow-latest-rc-supervision
```
!!! info
We're updating `inference` at the moment. Please install it as shown above.
Here's how you can download a dataset:
```python
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ from roboflow import Roboflow
rf = Roboflow(api_key="<YOUR_API_KEY>")
project = rf.workspace("<WORKSPACE_NAME>").project("<PROJECT_NAME>")
dataset = project.version("<DATASET_VERSION_NUMBER>").download("<FORMAT>")
dataset = project.version(<DATASET_VERSION_NUMBER>).download("<FORMAT>")
```
If your dataset is from Universe, go to `Dataset` > `Download Dataset` > select the format (e.g. `YOLOv11`) > `Show download code`.
@@ -75,8 +75,6 @@ This will create a folder called `Corgi-v2-4` with the dataset in the current wo
Let's load a model.
Select and instantiate the detection or segmentation model you want to benchmark. Supervision works with Roboflow Inference for both local and cloud-deployed models, as well as Ultralytics YOLO checkpoints. Choose the tab below that matches your preferred framework, then pass images to the loaded model during the evaluation loop.
=== "Inference, Local"
Roboflow supports a range of state-of-the-art [pre-trained models](https://inference.roboflow.com/quickstart/aliases/) for object detection, instance segmentation, and pose tracking. You don't even need an API key!
@@ -125,7 +123,8 @@ Evaluating your model requires careful selection of the dataset. Which images sh
- **Validation Set**: This is the set of images used to validate the model during training. Every Nth training epoch, the model is evaluated on the validation set. Often the training is stopped once the validation loss stops improving. Therefore, even while the images aren't used to train the model, it still indirectly influences the training outcome.
- **Test Set**: This is the set of images kept aside for model testing. It is exactly the set you should use for benchmarking. If the dataset was split correctly, none of these images would be shown to the model during training.
Therefore, an unrelated dataset or the `test` set is the best choice for benchmarking. Several other problems may arise:
Therefore, an unrelated dataset or the `test` set is the best choice for benchmarking.
Several other problems may arise:
- **Extra Classes**: An unrelated dataset may contain additional classes which you may need to [filter out](https://supervision.roboflow.com/how_to/filter_detections/#by-set-of-classes) before computing metrics.
- **Class Mismatch**: In an unrelated dataset, the class names or IDs may be different to what your model produces, you'll need to remap them, which is [shown in this guide](#running-a-model).
@@ -139,7 +138,8 @@ At this stage, you should have:
- A dataset of labeled images to evaluate the model.
- A model prepared for benchmarking.
With these ready, we can now run the model and obtain predictions. We'll use `supervision` to create a dataset iterator, and then run the model on each image.
With these ready, we can now run the model and obtain predictions.
We'll use `supervision` to create a dataset iterator, and then run the model on each image.
=== "Inference"
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ With these ready, we can now run the model and obtain predictions. We'll use `su
test_set = sv.DetectionDataset.from_yolo(
images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/images",
annotations_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/labels",
data_yaml_path=f"{dataset.location}/data.yaml",
data_yaml_path=f"{dataset.location}/data.yaml"
)
image_paths = []
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ With these ready, we can now run the model and obtain predictions. We'll use `su
test_set = sv.DetectionDataset.from_yolo(
images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/images",
annotations_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/labels",
data_yaml_path=f"{dataset.location}/data.yaml",
data_yaml_path=f"{dataset.location}/data.yaml"
)
image_paths = []
@@ -191,7 +191,8 @@ With these ready, we can now run the model and obtain predictions. We'll use `su
## Remapping classes
Did you notice an issue in the above logic? Since we're using an unrelated dataset, the class names and IDs may be different from what the model was trained on.
Did you notice an issue in the above logic?
Since we're using an unrelated dataset, the class names and IDs may be different from what the model was trained on.
We need to remap them to match the dataset classes. Here's how to do it:
@@ -199,16 +200,14 @@ We need to remap them to match the dataset classes. Here's how to do it:
def remap_classes(
detections: sv.Detections,
class_ids_from_to: dict[int, int],
class_names_from_to: dict[str, str],
class_names_from_to: dict[str, str]
) -> None:
new_class_ids = [
class_ids_from_to.get(class_id, class_id) for class_id in detections.class_id
]
class_ids_from_to.get(class_id, class_id) for class_id in detections.class_id]
detections.class_id = np.array(new_class_ids)
new_class_names = [
class_names_from_to.get(name, name) for name in detections["class_name"]
]
class_names_from_to.get(name, name) for name in detections["class_name"]]
predictions["class_name"] = np.array(new_class_names)
```
@@ -224,7 +223,7 @@ Let's also remove the predictions that are not in the dataset classes.
test_set = sv.DetectionDataset.from_yolo(
images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/images",
annotations_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/labels",
data_yaml_path=f"{dataset.location}/data.yaml",
data_yaml_path=f"{dataset.location}/data.yaml"
)
image_paths = []
@@ -238,9 +237,11 @@ Let's also remove the predictions that are not in the dataset classes.
remap_classes(
detections=predictions,
class_ids_from_to={16: 0},
class_names_from_to={"dog": "Corgi"},
class_names_from_to={"dog": "Corgi"}
)
predictions = predictions[np.isin(predictions["class_name"], test_set.classes),]
predictions = predictions[
np.isin(predictions["class_name"], test_set.classes)
]
image_paths.append(image_path)
predictions_list.append(predictions)
@@ -251,7 +252,8 @@ Let's also remove the predictions that are not in the dataset classes.
Dataset class names and IDs can be found in the `data.yaml` file, or by printing `dataset.classes`.
Each model will have a different class mapping, so make sure to check the model's documentation. In this case, the model was trained on the COCO dataset, with a class configuration found [here](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/datasets/coco8.yaml).
Each model will have a different class mapping, so make sure to check the model's documentation. In this case, the model was trained on the COCO dataset, with a class
configuration found [here](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/datasets/coco8.yaml).
```python
import supervision as sv
@@ -259,7 +261,7 @@ Let's also remove the predictions that are not in the dataset classes.
test_set = sv.DetectionDataset.from_yolo(
images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/images",
annotations_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/labels",
data_yaml_path=f"{dataset.location}/data.yaml",
data_yaml_path=f"{dataset.location}/data.yaml"
)
image_paths = []
@@ -273,9 +275,11 @@ Let's also remove the predictions that are not in the dataset classes.
remap_classes(
detections=predictions,
class_ids_from_to={16: 0},
class_names_from_to={"dog": "Corgi"},
class_names_from_to={"dog": "Corgi"}
)
predictions = predictions[np.isin(predictions["class_name"], test_set.classes),]
predictions = predictions[
np.isin(predictions["class_name"], test_set.classes)
]
image_paths.append(image_path)
predictions_list.append(predictions)
@@ -284,7 +288,8 @@ Let's also remove the predictions that are not in the dataset classes.
## Visualizing Predictions
The first step in evaluating your model’s performance is to visualize its predictions. This gives an intuitive sense of how well your model is detecting objects and where it might be failing.
The first step in evaluating your model’s performance is to visualize its predictions.
This gives an intuitive sense of how well your model is detecting objects and where it might be failing.
```python
import supervision as sv
@@ -293,22 +298,16 @@ N = 9
GRID_SIZE = (3, 3)
target_annotator = sv.PolygonAnnotator(color=sv.Color.from_hex("#8315f9"), thickness=8)
prediction_annotator = sv.PolygonAnnotator(
color=sv.Color.from_hex("#00cfc6"), thickness=6
)
prediction_annotator = sv.PolygonAnnotator(color=sv.Color.from_hex("#00cfc6"), thickness=6)
annotated_images = []
for image_path, predictions, targets in zip(
image_paths[:N], predictions_list[:N], targets_list[:N]
image_paths[:N], predictions_list[:N], targets_list[:N]
):
annotated_image = cv2.imread(image_path)
annotated_image = target_annotator.annotate(
scene=annotated_image, detections=targets
)
annotated_image = prediction_annotator.annotate(
scene=annotated_image, detections=prediction
)
annotated_image = target_annotator.annotate(scene=annotated_image, detections=targets)
annotated_image = prediction_annotator.annotate(scene=annotated_image, detections=prediction)
annotated_images.append(annotated_image)
sv.plot_images_grid(images=annotated_images, grid_size=GRID_SIZE)
@@ -324,20 +323,6 @@ Here, predictions in purple are targets (ground truth), and predictions in teal
See [annotator documentation](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/) for even more options.
## Visual Benchmarking
To inspect where a model succeeds and fails, pass `save_directory_path` to `sv.ConfusionMatrix.benchmark(...)`. For every dataset image it writes a 2x2 result grid — `Ground Truth`, `True Positives`, `False Positives`, and `False Negatives` panels — directly into that directory, reusing the original image filenames. This makes it easy to skim through per-image outcomes alongside the aggregate confusion matrix.
```python
import supervision as sv
confusion_matrix = sv.ConfusionMatrix.benchmark(
dataset=test_set,
callback=callback,
save_directory_path="./results",
)
```
## Benchmarking Metrics
With multiple models, fine details matter. Visual inspection may not be enough. `supervision` provides a collection of metrics that help obtain precise numerical results of model performance.
@@ -454,25 +439,3 @@ A condensed version of this guide is also available as a [Colab Notebook](https:
For more details, be sure to check out our [documentation](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/) and join our community discussions. If you find any issues, please let us know on [GitHub](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues).
Best of luck with your benchmarking!
## Frequently Asked Questions
### How do I benchmark a model with supervision?
Use `supervision.metrics.mean_average_precision.MeanAveragePrecision` — accumulate prediction and ground-truth `Detections` with `update(...)` and then call `compute()`. For confusion matrices, use `sv.ConfusionMatrix.from_detections(predictions=predictions, targets=targets, classes=classes)`.
### What IoU thresholds does MeanAveragePrecision use?
It computes mAP over IoU thresholds from 0.50 to 0.95 in steps of 0.05 (mAP@50:95), plus mAP@50 and mAP@75 individually.
### Can I benchmark segmentation models?
Yes, if you want to evaluate their bounding boxes. Convert model outputs to `Detections` and pass them to `MeanAveragePrecision.update(...)`; the current mAP path prepares COCO-style bounding boxes from `detections.xyxy`.
### What is a ConfusionMatrix and how do I use it?
`sv.ConfusionMatrix` visualizes true positives, false positives, and false negatives per class. Create one with `sv.ConfusionMatrix.from_detections(predictions=predictions, targets=targets, classes=classes, conf_threshold=0.5, iou_threshold=0.5)`, then call `confusion_matrix.plot()` to render a heatmap. If you want per-image validation visualizations saved to disk, pass `save_directory_path="./results"` to `sv.ConfusionMatrix.benchmark(...)`; it will write 2x2 result grids directly into that directory using the original image filenames, with `Ground Truth`, `True Positives`, `False Positives`, and `False Negatives` panels.
## Author
- [Piotr Skalski](https://github.com/SkalskiP) — Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
-150
View File
@@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
---
comments: true
description: Count objects entering a polygon zone in images and video using supervision's PolygonZone — measure throughput and density in any region.
authors:
- name: Piotr Skalski
role: Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
github: https://github.com/SkalskiP
date_modified: 2026-04-22
---
With supervision, you can count the number of objects in a zone in an image or video. In this guide, we will show how to count the number of cars in a traffic video.
[View the notebook that accompanies this tutorial](https://github.com/roboflow/notebooks/blob/main/notebooks/how-to-use-polygonzone-annotate-and-supervision.ipynb).
To make it easier for you to follow our tutorial download the video we will use as an example. You can do this using the `supervision.assets` module:
```python
from supervision.assets import download_assets, VideoAssets
download_assets(VideoAssets.VEHICLES_2)
```
## Initialize a Model and Load Video
First, we need to initialize a model. Let's use a YOLOv8 model with the default COCO checkpoint. We also need to load a video on which to run inference.
Create a YOLO model instance and download the source video. The model will process each frame during inference. A shared color palette ensures consistent zone coloring throughout the output video.
```python
import numpy as np
import supervision as sv
import cv2
from ultralytics import YOLO
from supervision.assets import VideoAssets, download_assets
model = YOLO("yolov8s.pt")
VIDEO = download_assets(VideoAssets.VEHICLES_2)
colors = sv.ColorPalette.DEFAULT
```
## Calculate Coordinates
To count objects in a zone, you need to know the coordinates where you want to draw the zone.
You can calculate coordinates using the [PolygonZone web utility](https://roboflow.github.io/polygonzone/).
To use the PolygonZone website, you will need to upload an image or frame from a video. You can retrieve a frame using this code:
```python
generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(VIDEO)
iterator = iter(generator)
frame = next(iterator)
cv2.imwrite("first_frame.png", frame)
```
PolygonZone will give you NumPy arrays that you can use with supervision to count objects in zones.
<video width="100%" loop muted autoplay>
<source src="https://media.roboflow.com/polygonzone.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
Save the coordinates in an array:
```python
polygons = [
np.array([[718, 595], [927, 592], [851, 1062], [42, 1059]]),
np.array([[987, 595], [1199, 595], [1893, 1056], [1015, 1062]]),
]
```
## Define Zones
With the coordinates of the zones to draw ready, we can set up our zones:
Instantiate a `PolygonZone` for each polygon array, pairing it with a `PolygonZoneAnnotator` for visual overlay and a `BoxAnnotator` for drawing detection boxes. Each zone will later trigger on incoming detections to determine which objects fall inside its boundaries, enabling per-zone counting in the inference callback.
```python
zones = [sv.PolygonZone(polygon=polygon) for polygon in polygons]
zone_annotators = [
sv.PolygonZoneAnnotator(
zone=zone,
color=colors.by_idx(index),
thickness=4,
text_thickness=8,
text_scale=4,
)
for index, zone in enumerate(zones)
]
box_annotators = [
sv.BoxAnnotator(
color=colors.by_idx(index),
thickness=4,
)
for index in range(len(polygons))
]
```
## Run Inference
We can run inference on a video using the [sv.process_video](https://supervision.roboflow.com/utils/video/#process_video) function. This function accepts a callback that runs inference on each frame and compiles the results into a video.
Below, we can call our YOLOv8 model, annotate predictions and zones, then save the results to a file called `result.mp4`.
```python
def process_frame(frame: np.ndarray, i) -> np.ndarray:
results = model(frame, imgsz=1280, verbose=False)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(results)
for zone, zone_annotator, box_annotator in zip(
zones, zone_annotators, box_annotators
):
mask = zone.trigger(detections=detections)
detections_filtered = detections[mask]
frame = box_annotator.annotate(scene=frame, detections=detections_filtered)
frame = zone_annotator.annotate(scene=frame)
return frame
sv.process_video(source_path=VIDEO, target_path="result.mp4", callback=process_frame)
```
Here is an example of inference run on the video:
<video width="100%" loop muted autoplay>
<source src="https://blog.roboflow.com/content/media/2023/03/trim-counting.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
## Frequently Asked Questions
### How do I count objects in a zone with supervision?
Create `sv.PolygonZone` with a polygon defining your region. Call `zone.trigger(detections)` on each frame — it returns a mask of detections inside the zone.
### Can I count objects crossing a line instead of entering a zone?
Yes. Use `sv.LineZone` — define a start and end point. `zone.trigger(detections)` returns a tuple of two boolean arrays, `(crossed_in, crossed_out)`, indicating which detections crossed the line in each direction. `LineZone` requires `detections.tracker_id`; run a tracker first so the same object can be matched across frames.
### Can I combine zone counting with tracking?
Yes. You can pass tracker IDs from `sv.ByteTrack` alongside your detections, but `sv.PolygonZone` still evaluates the zone on each frame and reports which objects are currently inside it. If you want to count each object only once when it first enters the zone, maintain a set of seen `tracker_id` values after filtering detections with `zone.trigger(detections)`, or use a dedicated entry/crossing counting tool such as `sv.LineZone` when it better matches your use case.
## Author
- [Piotr Skalski](https://github.com/SkalskiP) — Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
+54 -119
View File
@@ -1,64 +1,45 @@
---
comments: true
description: Learn to load model predictions, create Detections objects, and annotate images with bounding boxes, labels, and masks using supervision.
authors:
- name: Piotr Skalski
role: Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
github: https://github.com/SkalskiP
- name: Borda
role: Open Source Engineer, Roboflow
github: https://github.com/borda
date_modified: 2026-04-22
---
# Detect and Annotate
!!! tip "Sample Image"
Don't have an image? Download the one used in this tutorial:
```bash
wget https://media.roboflow.com/notebooks/examples/dog.jpeg
```
```
Then replace `<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>` with `"dog.jpeg"`.
```
Supervision provides a seamless process for annotating predictions generated by various object detection and segmentation models. This guide shows how to perform inference with the [Inference](https://github.com/roboflow/inference), [Ultralytics](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics) or [Transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) packages. Following this, you'll learn how to import these predictions into Supervision and use them to annotate source image.
Supervision provides a seamless process for annotating predictions generated by various
object detection and segmentation models. This guide shows how to perform inference
with the [Inference](https://github.com/roboflow/inference),
[Ultralytics](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics) or
[Transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) packages. Following this,
you'll learn how to import these predictions into Supervision and use them to annotate
source image.
![basic-annotation](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision_detect_and_annotate_example_1.png)
## Run Detection
First, you'll need to obtain predictions from your object detection or segmentation model.
To run inference, initialize your chosen model and pass the source image to its predict or infer method. Supervision supports Roboflow Inference, Ultralytics YOLO, and Hugging Face Transformers -- select the tab matching your framework. The result is a framework-specific object you will convert to a `Detections` instance in the next step.
First, you'll need to obtain predictions from your object detection or segmentation
model.
=== "Inference"
```python
import cv2
from inference import get_model
model = get_model(model_id="yolov8n-640")
image = cv2.imread("dog.jpeg")
image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
results = model.infer(image)[0]
```
=== "Ultralytics"
```python
import cv2
from ultralytics import YOLO
model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")
image = cv2.imread("dog.jpeg")
image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
results = model(image)[0]
```
=== "Transformers"
```python
import torch
from PIL import Image
@@ -67,7 +48,7 @@ To run inference, initialize your chosen model and pass the source image to its
processor = DetrImageProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
model = DetrForObjectDetection.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
image = Image.open("dog.jpeg")
image = Image.open(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
inputs = processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt")
with torch.no_grad():
@@ -76,19 +57,15 @@ To run inference, initialize your chosen model and pass the source image to its
width, height = image.size
target_size = torch.tensor([[height, width]])
results = processor.post_process_object_detection(
outputs=outputs, target_sizes=target_size
)[0]
outputs=outputs, target_sizes=target_size)[0]
```
## Load Predictions into Supervision
Now that we have predictions from a model, we can load them into Supervision.
Each supported framework has a dedicated class method on `sv.Detections` that converts raw model output into a unified Supervision object. Call `from_inference`, `from_ultralytics`, or `from_transformers` depending on the package you used for inference. This normalization step ensures all downstream annotators and filters work identically regardless of the source model.
=== "Inference"
We can do so using the [`sv.Detections.from_inference`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_inference) method, which accepts model results from both detection and segmentation models.
We can do so using the [`sv.Detections.from_inference`](/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_inference) method, which accepts model results from both detection and segmentation models.
```{ .py hl_lines="2 8" }
import cv2
@@ -96,14 +73,13 @@ Each supported framework has a dedicated class method on `sv.Detections` that co
from inference import get_model
model = get_model(model_id="yolov8n-640")
image = cv2.imread("dog.jpeg")
image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
results = model.infer(image)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(results)
```
=== "Ultralytics"
We can do so using the [`sv.Detections.from_ultralytics`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_ultralytics) method, which accepts model results from both detection and segmentation models.
We can do so using the [`sv.Detections.from_ultralytics`](/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_ultralytics) method, which accepts model results from both detection and segmentation models.
```{ .py hl_lines="2 8" }
import cv2
@@ -111,14 +87,13 @@ Each supported framework has a dedicated class method on `sv.Detections` that co
from ultralytics import YOLO
model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")
image = cv2.imread("dog.jpeg")
image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
results = model(image)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(results)
```
=== "Transformers"
We can do so using the [`sv.Detections.from_transformers`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_transformers) method, which accepts model results from both detection and segmentation models.
We can do so using the [`sv.Detections.from_transformers`](/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_transformers) method, which accepts model results from both detection and segmentation models.
```{ .py hl_lines="2 19-21" }
import torch
@@ -129,7 +104,7 @@ Each supported framework has a dedicated class method on `sv.Detections` that co
processor = DetrImageProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
model = DetrForObjectDetection.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
image = Image.open("dog.jpeg")
image = Image.open(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
inputs = processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt")
with torch.no_grad():
@@ -146,27 +121,24 @@ Each supported framework has a dedicated class method on `sv.Detections` that co
You can load predictions from other computer vision frameworks and libraries using:
- [`from_deepsparse`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_deepsparse) ([Deepsparse](https://github.com/neuralmagic/deepsparse))
- [`from_detectron2`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_detectron2) ([Detectron2](https://github.com/facebookresearch/detectron2))
- [`from_mmdetection`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_mmdetection) ([MMDetection](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmdetection))
- [`from_sam`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_sam) ([Segment Anything Model](https://github.com/facebookresearch/segment-anything))
- [`from_yolo_nas`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_yolo_nas) ([YOLO-NAS](https://github.com/Deci-AI/super-gradients/blob/master/YOLONAS.md))
- [`from_deepsparse`](/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_deepsparse) ([Deepsparse](https://github.com/neuralmagic/deepsparse))
- [`from_detectron2`](/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_detectron2) ([Detectron2](https://github.com/facebookresearch/detectron2))
- [`from_mmdetection`](/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_mmdetection) ([MMDetection](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmdetection))
- [`from_sam`](/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_sam) ([Segment Anything Model](https://github.com/facebookresearch/segment-anything))
- [`from_yolo_nas`](/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_yolo_nas) ([YOLO-NAS](https://github.com/Deci-AI/super-gradients/blob/master/YOLONAS.md))
## Annotate Image with Detections
Finally, we can annotate the image with the predictions. Since we are working with an object detection model, we will use the [`sv.BoxAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BoxAnnotator) and [`sv.LabelAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.LabelAnnotator) classes.
To draw bounding boxes and class labels on your image, create a `BoxAnnotator` and a `LabelAnnotator`, then call their `annotate` methods in sequence. Each annotator returns the modified image, so you can chain multiple annotators together. The result is a single NumPy array with all visual overlays rendered and ready for display or saving.
Finally, we can annotate the image with the predictions. Since we are working with an object detection model, we will use the [`sv.BoxAnnotator`](/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BoxAnnotator) and [`sv.LabelAnnotator`](/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.LabelAnnotator) classes.
=== "Inference"
```{ .py hl_lines="10-16" }
import cv2
import supervision as sv
from inference import get_model
model = get_model(model_id="yolov8n-640")
image = cv2.imread("dog.jpeg")
image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
results = model.infer(image)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(results)
@@ -180,14 +152,13 @@ To draw bounding boxes and class labels on your image, create a `BoxAnnotator` a
```
=== "Ultralytics"
```{ .py hl_lines="10-16" }
import cv2
import supervision as sv
from ultralytics import YOLO
model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")
image = cv2.imread("dog.jpeg")
image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
results = model(image)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(results)
@@ -201,7 +172,6 @@ To draw bounding boxes and class labels on your image, create a `BoxAnnotator` a
```
=== "Transformers"
```{ .py hl_lines="23-30" }
import torch
import supervision as sv
@@ -211,7 +181,7 @@ To draw bounding boxes and class labels on your image, create a `BoxAnnotator` a
processor = DetrImageProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
model = DetrForObjectDetection.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
image = Image.open("dog.jpeg")
image = Image.open(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
inputs = processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt")
with torch.no_grad():
@@ -238,17 +208,18 @@ To draw bounding boxes and class labels on your image, create a `BoxAnnotator` a
## Display Custom Labels
By default, [`sv.LabelAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.LabelAnnotator) will label each detection with its `class_name` (if possible) or `class_id`. You can override this behavior by passing a list of custom `labels` to the `annotate` method.
By default, [`sv.LabelAnnotator`](/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.LabelAnnotator)
will label each detection with its `class_name` (if possible) or `class_id`. You can
override this behavior by passing a list of custom `labels` to the `annotate` method.
=== "Inference"
```{ .py hl_lines="13-17 22" }
import cv2
import supervision as sv
from inference import get_model
model = get_model(model_id="yolov8n-640")
image = cv2.imread("dog.jpeg")
image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
results = model.infer(image)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(results)
@@ -268,14 +239,13 @@ By default, [`sv.LabelAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detect
```
=== "Ultralytics"
```{ .py hl_lines="13-17 22" }
import cv2
import supervision as sv
from ultralytics import YOLO
model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")
image = cv2.imread("dog.jpeg")
image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
results = model(image)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(results)
@@ -295,7 +265,6 @@ By default, [`sv.LabelAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detect
```
=== "Transformers"
```{ .py hl_lines="26-30 35" }
import torch
import supervision as sv
@@ -305,7 +274,7 @@ By default, [`sv.LabelAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detect
processor = DetrImageProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
model = DetrForObjectDetection.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
image = Image.open("dog.jpeg")
image = Image.open(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
inputs = processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt")
with torch.no_grad():
@@ -338,17 +307,20 @@ By default, [`sv.LabelAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detect
## Annotate Image with Segmentations
If you are running the segmentation model [`sv.MaskAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.MaskAnnotator) is a drop-in replacement for [`sv.BoxAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BoxAnnotator) that will allow you to draw masks instead of boxes.
If you are running the segmentation model
[`sv.MaskAnnotator`](/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.MaskAnnotator)
is a drop-in replacement for
[`sv.BoxAnnotator`](/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BoxAnnotator)
that will allow you to draw masks instead of boxes.
=== "Inference"
```python
import cv2
import supervision as sv
from inference import get_model
model = get_model(model_id="yolov8n-seg-640")
image = cv2.imread("dog.jpeg")
image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
results = model.infer(image)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(results)
@@ -356,25 +328,19 @@ If you are running the segmentation model [`sv.MaskAnnotator`](https://supervisi
label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator(text_position=sv.Position.CENTER_OF_MASS)
annotated_image = mask_annotator.annotate(
scene=image,
detections=detections,
)
scene=image, detections=detections)
annotated_image = label_annotator.annotate(
scene=annotated_image,
detections=detections,
)
sv.plot_image(annotated_image)
scene=annotated_image, detections=detections)
```
=== "Ultralytics"
```python
import cv2
import supervision as sv
from ultralytics import YOLO
model = YOLO("yolov8n-seg.pt")
image = cv2.imread("dog.jpeg")
image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
results = model(image)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(results)
@@ -382,17 +348,12 @@ If you are running the segmentation model [`sv.MaskAnnotator`](https://supervisi
label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator(text_position=sv.Position.CENTER_OF_MASS)
annotated_image = mask_annotator.annotate(
scene=image,
detections=detections,
)
scene=image, detections=detections)
annotated_image = label_annotator.annotate(
scene=annotated_image,
detections=detections,
)
scene=annotated_image, detections=detections)
```
=== "Transformers"
```python
import torch
import supervision as sv
@@ -402,7 +363,7 @@ If you are running the segmentation model [`sv.MaskAnnotator`](https://supervisi
processor = DetrImageProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50-panoptic")
model = DetrForSegmentation.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50-panoptic")
image = Image.open("dog.jpeg")
image = Image.open(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
inputs = processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt")
with torch.no_grad():
@@ -411,50 +372,24 @@ If you are running the segmentation model [`sv.MaskAnnotator`](https://supervisi
width, height = image.size
target_size = torch.tensor([[height, width]])
results = processor.post_process_segmentation(
outputs=outputs, target_sizes=target_size
)[0]
outputs=outputs, target_sizes=target_size)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_transformers(
transformers_results=results, id2label=model.config.id2label
)
transformers_results=results,
id2label=model.config.id2label)
mask_annotator = sv.MaskAnnotator()
label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator(text_position=sv.Position.CENTER_OF_MASS)
labels = [
f"{class_name} {confidence:.2f}"
for class_name, confidence in zip(
detections["class_name"],
detections.confidence,
)
for class_name, confidence
in zip(detections['class_name'], detections.confidence)
]
annotated_image = mask_annotator.annotate(scene=image, detections=detections)
annotated_image = mask_annotator.annotate(
scene=image, detections=detections)
annotated_image = label_annotator.annotate(
scene=annotated_image, detections=detections, labels=labels
)
scene=annotated_image, detections=detections, labels=labels)
```
![segmentation-annotation](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision_detect_and_annotate_example_3.png)
## Frequently Asked Questions
### How do I detect and annotate objects with supervision?
Pass any model's output to `sv.Detections.from_<model>()` to create a unified `Detections` object. Then pass it to `sv.BoxAnnotator` or `sv.MaskAnnotator` to draw predictions on an image.
### Can I annotate both bounding boxes and masks at the same time?
Yes. Chain annotators: first draw boxes with `BoxAnnotator`, then overlay masks with `MaskAnnotator` on the same scene.
### How do I label detections with class names?
Use `sv.LabelAnnotator` and pass custom text with the `labels` parameter. If a connector provides class names, they are stored in `detections["class_name"]` / `detections.data["class_name"]`; when `labels` is omitted, `LabelAnnotator` uses class names first, then class IDs, then detection indices.
### Can I use supervision with Hugging Face models?
Yes. `sv.Detections.from_transformers()` accepts supported Hugging Face object detection and segmentation outputs. Vision-language model outputs are handled through `sv.Detections.from_vlm(...)`, for example with `sv.VLM.FLORENCE_2` or `sv.VLM.PALIGEMMA`.
## Authors
- [Piotr Skalski](https://github.com/SkalskiP) — Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
- [Borda](https://github.com/borda) — Open Source Engineer, Roboflow
+102 -134
View File
@@ -1,16 +1,14 @@
---
comments: true
description: Detect small objects in images by applying SAHI inference slicing with supervision's InferenceSlicer — improve recall for tiny targets.
authors:
- name: Piotr Skalski
role: Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
github: https://github.com/SkalskiP
date_modified: 2026-04-22
---
# Detect Small Objects
This guide shows how to detect small objects with the [Inference](https://github.com/roboflow/inference), [Ultralytics](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics) or [Transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) packages using [`InferenceSlicer`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/#supervision.detection.tools.inference_slicer.InferenceSlicer).
This guide shows how to detect small objects
with the [Inference](https://github.com/roboflow/inference),
[Ultralytics](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics) or
[Transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) packages using
[`InferenceSlicer`](/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/#supervision.detection.tools.inference_slicer.InferenceSlicer).
<video controls>
<source src="https://media.roboflow.com/supervision_detect_small_objects_example.mp4" type="video/mp4">
@@ -18,110 +16,17 @@ This guide shows how to detect small objects with the [Inference](https://github
## Baseline Detection
Small object detection in high-resolution images presents challenges due to the objects' size relative to the image resolution.
Running a standard detection model on the full image establishes a baseline for comparison. Load your chosen model, pass the image through it, and convert the results into a `Detections` object. This baseline reveals how many small objects the model misses at native resolution, motivating the sliced inference approach shown later.
Small object detection in high-resolution images presents challenges due to the objects'
size relative to the image resolution.
=== "Inference"
```python
import cv2
import supervision as sv
from inference import get_model
model = get_model(model_id="yolov8x-640")
image = cv2.imread("<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>")
results = model.infer(image)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(results)
box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator()
annotated_image = box_annotator.annotate(
scene=image,
detections=detections,
)
annotated_image = label_annotator.annotate(
scene=annotated_image,
detections=detections,
)
```
=== "Ultralytics"
```python
import cv2
import supervision as sv
from ultralytics import YOLO
model = YOLO("yolov8x.pt")
image = cv2.imread("<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>")
results = model(image)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(results)
box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator()
annotated_image = box_annotator.annotate(
scene=image,
detections=detections,
)
annotated_image = label_annotator.annotate(
scene=annotated_image,
detections=detections,
)
```
=== "Transformers"
```python
import torch
import supervision as sv
from PIL import Image
from transformers import DetrImageProcessor, DetrForSegmentation
processor = DetrImageProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
model = DetrForSegmentation.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
image = Image.open("<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>")
inputs = processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt")
with torch.no_grad():
outputs = model(**inputs)
width, height = image_slice.size
target_size = torch.tensor([[width, height]])
results = processor.post_process_object_detection(
outputs=outputs, target_sizes=target_size
)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_transformers(results)
box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator()
labels = [model.config.id2label[class_id] for class_id in detections.class_id]
annotated_image = box_annotator.annotate(scene=image, detections=detections)
annotated_image = label_annotator.annotate(
scene=annotated_image, detections=detections, labels=labels
)
```
![basic-detection](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision_detect_small_objects_example_1.png)
## Input Resolution
Modifying the input resolution of images before detection can enhance small object identification at the cost of processing speed and increased memory usage. This method is less effective for ultra-high-resolution images (4K and above).
=== "Inference"
```{ .py hl_lines="5" }
import cv2
import supervision as sv
from inference import get_model
model = get_model(model_id="yolov8x-1280")
image = cv2.imread("<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>")
image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
results = model.infer(image)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(results)
@@ -135,14 +40,98 @@ Modifying the input resolution of images before detection can enhance small obje
```
=== "Ultralytics"
```python
import cv2
import supervision as sv
from ultralytics import YOLO
model = YOLO("yolov8x.pt")
image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
results = model(image)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(results)
box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator()
annotated_image = box_annotator.annotate(
scene=image, detections=detections)
annotated_image = label_annotator.annotate(
scene=annotated_image, detections=detections)
```
=== "Transformers"
```python
import torch
import supervision as sv
from PIL import Image
from transformers import DetrImageProcessor, DetrForSegmentation
processor = DetrImageProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
model = DetrForSegmentation.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
image = Image.open(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
inputs = processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt")
with torch.no_grad():
outputs = model(**inputs)
width, height = image_slice.size
target_size = torch.tensor([[width, height]])
results = processor.post_process_object_detection(
outputs=outputs, target_sizes=target_size)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_transformers(results)
box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator()
labels = [
model.config.id2label[class_id]
for class_id
in detections.class_id
]
annotated_image = box_annotator.annotate(
scene=image, detections=detections)
annotated_image = label_annotator.annotate(
scene=annotated_image, detections=detections, labels=labels)
```
![basic-detection](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision_detect_small_objects_example_1.png)
## Input Resolution
Modifying the input resolution of images before detection can enhance small object
identification at the cost of processing speed and increased memory usage. This method
is less effective for ultra-high-resolution images (4K and above).
=== "Inference"
```{ .py hl_lines="5" }
import cv2
import supervision as sv
from inference import get_model
model = get_model(model_id="yolov8x-1280")
image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
results = model.infer(image)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(results)
box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator()
annotated_image = box_annotator.annotate(
scene=image, detections=detections)
annotated_image = label_annotator.annotate(
scene=annotated_image, detections=detections)
```
=== "Ultralytics"
```{ .py hl_lines="7" }
import cv2
import supervision as sv
from ultralytics import YOLO
model = YOLO("yolov8x.pt")
image = cv2.imread("<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>")
image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
results = model(image, imgsz=1280)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(results)
@@ -159,14 +148,15 @@ Modifying the input resolution of images before detection can enhance small obje
## Inference Slicer
[`InferenceSlicer`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/#supervision.detection.tools.inference_slicer.InferenceSlicer) processes high-resolution images by dividing them into smaller segments, detecting objects within each, and aggregating the results.
[`InferenceSlicer`](/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/#supervision.detection.tools.inference_slicer.InferenceSlicer)
processes high-resolution images by dividing them into smaller segments, detecting
objects within each, and aggregating the results.
<video controls>
<source src="https://media.roboflow.com/supervision_detect_small_objects_example_2.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
=== "Inference"
```{ .py hl_lines="9-14" }
import cv2
import numpy as np
@@ -174,7 +164,7 @@ Modifying the input resolution of images before detection can enhance small obje
from inference import get_model
model = get_model(model_id="yolov8x-640")
image = cv2.imread("<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>")
image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
def callback(image_slice: np.ndarray) -> sv.Detections:
results = model.infer(image_slice)[0]
@@ -193,7 +183,6 @@ Modifying the input resolution of images before detection can enhance small obje
```
=== "Ultralytics"
```{ .py hl_lines="9-14" }
import cv2
import numpy as np
@@ -201,7 +190,7 @@ Modifying the input resolution of images before detection can enhance small obje
from ultralytics import YOLO
model = YOLO("yolov8x.pt")
image = cv2.imread("<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>")
image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
def callback(image_slice: np.ndarray) -> sv.Detections:
result = model(image_slice)[0]
@@ -220,7 +209,6 @@ Modifying the input resolution of images before detection can enhance small obje
```
=== "Transformers"
```{ .py hl_lines="13-28" }
import cv2
import torch
@@ -232,7 +220,7 @@ Modifying the input resolution of images before detection can enhance small obje
processor = DetrImageProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
model = DetrForObjectDetection.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
image = cv2.imread("<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>")
image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
def callback(image_slice: np.ndarray) -> sv.Detections:
image_slice = cv2.cvtColor(image_slice, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
@@ -270,10 +258,9 @@ Modifying the input resolution of images before detection can enhance small obje
## Small Object Segmentation
[`InferenceSlicer`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/#supervision.detection.tools.inference_slicer.InferenceSlicer) can perform segmentation tasks too.
[`InferenceSlicer`](/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/#supervision.detection.tools.inference_slicer.InferenceSlicer) can perform segmentation tasks too.
=== "Inference"
```{ .py hl_lines="6 16 19-20" }
import cv2
import numpy as np
@@ -281,7 +268,7 @@ Modifying the input resolution of images before detection can enhance small obje
from inference import get_model
model = get_model(model_id="yolov8x-seg-640")
image = cv2.imread("<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>")
image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
def callback(image_slice: np.ndarray) -> sv.Detections:
results = model.infer(image_slice)[0]
@@ -300,7 +287,6 @@ Modifying the input resolution of images before detection can enhance small obje
```
=== "Ultralytics"
```{ .py hl_lines="6 16 19-20" }
import cv2
import numpy as np
@@ -308,7 +294,7 @@ Modifying the input resolution of images before detection can enhance small obje
from ultralytics import YOLO
model = YOLO("yolov8x-seg.pt")
image = cv2.imread("<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>")
image = cv2.imread(<SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH>)
def callback(image_slice: np.ndarray) -> sv.Detections:
result = model(image_slice)[0]
@@ -327,21 +313,3 @@ Modifying the input resolution of images before detection can enhance small obje
```
![detection-with-inference-slicer](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-docs/inference-slicer-segmentation-example.png)
## Frequently Asked Questions
### How do I detect small objects with supervision?
Use `sv.InferenceSlicer` to split a high-resolution image into overlapping tiles, run detection on each tile, and merge results with non-maximum suppression. This dramatically improves recall for tiny targets.
### What overlap should I use between tiles?
`InferenceSlicer` takes overlap in pixels via `overlap_wh`, not as a percentage. The default is `100` pixels in both directions. Increase `overlap_wh` when objects are close to the tile size or often appear on tile boundaries, and decrease it when speed is more important.
### Can I use InferenceSlicer with any detection model?
Yes. Wrap any model or converter path that can produce `sv.Detections` in a callback, pass that callback to `sv.InferenceSlicer(callback=...)`, and then call the slicer with your image.
## Author
- [Piotr Skalski](https://github.com/SkalskiP) — Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
+16 -53
View File
@@ -1,23 +1,20 @@
---
comments: true
description: Filter and query detection results by class, confidence, or spatial overlap using supervision's Detections API — clean predictions in one line.
authors:
- name: Piotr Skalski
role: Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
github: https://github.com/SkalskiP
date_modified: 2026-04-22
---
# Filter Detections
The advanced filtering capabilities of the `Detections` class offer users a versatile and efficient way to narrow down and refine object detections. This section outlines various filtering methods, including filtering by specific class or a set of classes, confidence, object area, bounding box area, relative area, box dimensions, and designated zones. Each method is demonstrated with concise code examples to provide users with a clear understanding of how to implement the filters in their applications.
The advanced filtering capabilities of the `Detections` class offer users a versatile and efficient way to narrow down
and refine object detections. This section outlines various filtering methods, including filtering by specific class
or a set of classes, confidence, object area, bounding box area, relative area, box dimensions, and designated zones.
Each method is demonstrated with concise code examples to provide users with a clear understanding of how to implement
the filters in their applications.
### by specific class
Allows you to select detections that belong only to one selected class.
=== "After"
```python
import supervision as sv
@@ -32,7 +29,6 @@ Allows you to select detections that belong only to one selected class.
</div>
=== "Before"
```python
import supervision as sv
@@ -51,7 +47,6 @@ Allows you to select detections that belong only to one selected class.
Allows you to select detections that belong only to selected set of classes.
=== "After"
```python
import numpy as np
import supervision as sv
@@ -68,7 +63,6 @@ Allows you to select detections that belong only to selected set of classes.
</div>
=== "Before"
```python
import numpy as np
import supervision as sv
@@ -89,7 +83,6 @@ Allows you to select detections that belong only to selected set of classes.
Allows you to select detections with specific confidence value, for example higher than selected threshold.
=== "After"
```python
import supervision as sv
@@ -104,7 +97,6 @@ Allows you to select detections with specific confidence value, for example high
</div>
=== "Before"
```python
import supervision as sv
@@ -120,10 +112,10 @@ Allows you to select detections with specific confidence value, for example high
### by area
Allows you to select detections based on their size. We define the area as the number of pixels occupied by the detection in the image. In the example below, we have sifted out the detections that are too small.
Allows you to select detections based on their size. We define the area as the number of pixels occupied by the
detection in the image. In the example below, we have sifted out the detections that are too small.
=== "After"
```python
import supervision as sv
@@ -138,7 +130,6 @@ Allows you to select detections based on their size. We define the area as the n
</div>
=== "Before"
```python
import supervision as sv
@@ -154,10 +145,12 @@ Allows you to select detections based on their size. We define the area as the n
### by relative area
Allows you to select detections based on their size in relation to the size of whole image. Sometimes the concept of detection size changes depending on the image. Detection occupying 10000 square px can be large on a 1280x720 image but small on a 3840x2160 image. In such cases, we can filter out detections based on the percentage of the image area occupied by them. In the example below, we remove too large detections.
Allows you to select detections based on their size in relation to the size of whole image. Sometimes the concept of
detection size changes depending on the image. Detection occupying 10000 square px can be large on a 1280x720 image
but small on a 3840x2160 image. In such cases, we can filter out detections based on the percentage of the image area
occupied by them. In the example below, we remove too large detections.
=== "After"
```python
import supervision as sv
@@ -176,7 +169,6 @@ Allows you to select detections based on their size in relation to the size of w
</div>
=== "Before"
```python
import supervision as sv
@@ -196,10 +188,11 @@ Allows you to select detections based on their size in relation to the size of w
### by box dimensions
Allows you to select detections based on their dimensions. The size of the bounding box, as well as its coordinates, can be criteria for rejecting detection. Implementing such filtering requires a bit of custom code but is relatively simple and fast.
Allows you to select detections based on their dimensions. The size of the bounding box, as well as its coordinates,
can be criteria for rejecting detection. Implementing such filtering requires a bit of custom code but is relatively
simple and fast.
=== "After"
```python
import supervision as sv
@@ -216,7 +209,6 @@ Allows you to select detections based on their dimensions. The size of the bound
</div>
=== "Before"
```python
import supervision as sv
@@ -234,10 +226,10 @@ Allows you to select detections based on their dimensions. The size of the bound
### by `PolygonZone`
Allows you to use `Detections` in combination with `PolygonZone` to weed out bounding boxes that are in and out of the zone. In the example below you can see how to filter out all detections located in the lower part of the image.
Allows you to use `Detections` in combination with `PolygonZone` to weed out bounding boxes that are in and out of the
zone. In the example below you can see how to filter out all detections located in the lower part of the image.
=== "After"
```python
import supervision as sv
@@ -254,7 +246,6 @@ Allows you to use `Detections` in combination with `PolygonZone` to weed out bou
</div>
=== "Before"
```python
import supervision as sv
@@ -275,7 +266,6 @@ Allows you to use `Detections` in combination with `PolygonZone` to weed out bou
`Detections`' greatest strength, however, is that you can build arbitrarily complex logical conditions by simply combining separate conditions using `&` or `|`.
=== "After"
```python
import supervision as sv
@@ -292,7 +282,6 @@ Allows you to use `Detections` in combination with `PolygonZone` to weed out bou
</div>
=== "Before"
```python
import supervision as sv
@@ -307,29 +296,3 @@ Allows you to use `Detections` in combination with `PolygonZone` to weed out bou
![original](https://media.roboflow.com/open-source/supervision/supervision-detection-original.png){ align=center width="800" }
</div>
## Frequently Asked Questions
### How do I filter detections by class in supervision?
Use NumPy-style boolean indexing: `detections[detections.class_id == 0]` for class 0. Combine with `&` or `|` for multiple conditions.
### How do I filter by confidence threshold?
`detections[detections.confidence > 0.5]` returns only detections above the threshold. Chain with class filters for precise results.
### How do I filter by bounding box area?
`detections[detections.area > 1000]` filters by pixel area. If masks are present, `detections.area` uses mask area; otherwise, if oriented-box coordinates are present, it uses oriented polygon area; all remaining detections use bounding box area from `xyxy`. Use `detections.box_area` when you specifically need axis-aligned bounding box area.
### Can I filter by box aspect ratio or dimensions?
Yes. Use `detections.box_aspect_ratio` for aspect ratio filtering. If you need explicit box dimensions, compute them from `detections.xyxy` as `width = detections.xyxy[:, 2] - detections.xyxy[:, 0]` and `height = detections.xyxy[:, 3] - detections.xyxy[:, 1]`.
### How do I remove duplicate detections (NMS) from my results?
Use `detections.with_nms(threshold=0.5)` — it applies non-maximum suppression on the `xyxy` boxes.
## Author
- [Piotr Skalski](https://github.com/SkalskiP) — Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
-63
View File
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
---
comments: true
description: Migrate Supervision installations after OpenCV becomes an ambient optional backend: use the included fallback by default or select one compatible OpenCV wheel for your application.
date_modified: 2026-07-17
---
# Migrate to Supervision Without an OpenCV Dependency
Supervision no longer installs OpenCV or offers an OpenCV extra. A standard installation includes the NumPy, Pillow, SciPy, and PyAV fallback needed by Supervision's image, drawing, and file-video APIs. When a compatible `cv2` is already installed, Supervision selects it once when the process imports the package.
## Keep the default fallback
Install Supervision normally when your application does not otherwise require OpenCV:
```bash
pip install supervision
```
The fallback keeps Supervision's documented APIs operational. Some text and anti-aliased drawing pixels can differ from OpenCV, so use the same backend while validating image-level baselines.
## Prefer OpenCV behavior
Install exactly one OpenCV wheel family when your application relies on OpenCV outside Supervision or needs its native behavior:
```bash
# Servers and containers without OpenCV GUI modules
pip install opencv-python-headless supervision
# Desktop applications that need OpenCV GUI modules
pip install opencv-python supervision
```
Do not install both `opencv-python` and `opencv-python-headless`. If another dependency, such as a model runtime, already provides a compatible `cv2`, keep that installation instead of adding a second wheel family.
## Verify the selected backend
Backend selection happens at import time and lasts for the process lifetime. Run this command in a fresh Python process after changing dependencies:
```bash
python -c "from supervision import _cv2; print(_cv2.BACKEND_NAME)"
```
It prints `fallback` without OpenCV and the OpenCV backend name when `cv2` is available. `_cv2` is private; use this command only as an installation diagnostic, not as application API.
## Capture webcams yourself
Supervision's video helpers support file paths through either backend. Live camera capture remains application-owned, so install your chosen OpenCV wheel if you use `cv2.VideoCapture(0)`:
```python
import cv2
import supervision as sv
capture = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
```
## Roll back an upgrade
If a downstream image baseline requires the pre-migration package behavior, pin Supervision below the first release that removes the OpenCV dependency, then plan a backend-specific migration separately:
```bash
pip install "supervision<0.30.0"
```
+95 -246
View File
@@ -1,24 +1,28 @@
---
comments: true
description: Load, split, merge, and convert computer vision datasets between YOLO, COCO, Pascal VOC, CreateML, and LabelMe formats using supervision's DetectionDataset.
authors:
- name: Piotr Skalski
role: Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
github: https://github.com/SkalskiP
date_modified: 2026-06-25
---
With Supervision, you can load and manipulate classification, object detection, and segmentation datasets. This tutorial will walk you through how to load, split, merge, visualize, and augment datasets in Supervision.
With Supervision, you can load and manipulate classification, object detection, and
segmentation datasets. This tutorial will walk you through how to load, split, merge,
visualize, and augment datasets in Supervision.
## Download Dataset
In this tutorial, we will use a dataset from [Roboflow Universe](https://universe.roboflow.com/), a public repository of thousands of computer vision datasets. If you already have your dataset in [COCO](https://roboflow.com/formats/coco-json), [YOLO](https://roboflow.com/formats/yolov8-pytorch-txt), [Pascal VOC](https://roboflow.com/formats/pascal-voc-xml), [CreateML](https://roboflow.com/formats/createml-json), or [LabelMe](https://roboflow.com/formats/labelme-json) format, you can skip this section.
In this tutorial, we will use a dataset from
[Roboflow Universe](https://universe.roboflow.com/), a public repository of
thousands of computer vision datasets. If you already have your dataset in
[COCO](https://roboflow.com/formats/coco-json),
[YOLO](https://roboflow.com/formats/yolov8-pytorch-txt),
or [Pascal VOC](https://roboflow.com/formats/pascal-voc-xml) format, you can skip this
section.
```bash
pip install roboflow
```
Next, log into your Roboflow account and download the dataset of your choice. The following snippets show common COCO, YOLO, Pascal VOC, and CreateML exports; LabelMe datasets can also be loaded directly from per-image JSON files in the next section. You can customize the code with your workspace ID, project ID, and version number.
Next, log into your Roboflow account and download the dataset of your choice in the
COCO, YOLO, or Pascal VOC format. You can customize the following code snippet with
your workspace ID, project ID, and version number.
=== "COCO"
@@ -28,8 +32,8 @@ Next, log into your Roboflow account and download the dataset of your choice. Th
roboflow.login()
rf = roboflow.Roboflow()
project = rf.workspace("<WORKSPACE_ID>").project("<PROJECT_ID>")
dataset = project.version("<PROJECT_VERSION>").download("coco")
project = rf.workspace('<WORKSPACE_ID>').project('<PROJECT_ID>')
dataset = project.version('<PROJECT_VERSION>').download("coco")
```
=== "YOLO"
@@ -40,8 +44,8 @@ Next, log into your Roboflow account and download the dataset of your choice. Th
roboflow.login()
rf = roboflow.Roboflow()
project = rf.workspace("<WORKSPACE_ID>").project("<PROJECT_ID>")
dataset = project.version("<PROJECT_VERSION>").download("yolov8")
project = rf.workspace('<WORKSPACE_ID>').project('<PROJECT_ID>')
dataset = project.version('<PROJECT_VERSION>').download("yolov8")
```
=== "Pascal VOC"
@@ -52,25 +56,16 @@ Next, log into your Roboflow account and download the dataset of your choice. Th
roboflow.login()
rf = roboflow.Roboflow()
project = rf.workspace("<WORKSPACE_ID>").project("<PROJECT_ID>")
dataset = project.version("<PROJECT_VERSION>").download("voc")
```
=== "CreateML"
```python
import roboflow
roboflow.login()
rf = roboflow.Roboflow()
project = rf.workspace("<WORKSPACE_ID>").project("<PROJECT_ID>")
dataset = project.version("<PROJECT_VERSION>").download("createml")
project = rf.workspace('<WORKSPACE_ID>').project('<PROJECT_ID>')
dataset = project.version('<PROJECT_VERSION>').download("voc")
```
## Load Dataset
The Supervision library provides convenient functions to load datasets in various formats. If your dataset is already split into train, test, and valid subsets, you can load each of those as separate [`sv.DetectionDataset`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset) instances.
The Supervision library provides convenient functions to load datasets in various
formats. If your dataset is already split into train, test, and valid subsets, you can
load each of those as separate [`sv.DetectionDataset`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset)
instances.
=== "COCO"
@@ -80,16 +75,16 @@ The Supervision library provides convenient functions to load datasets in variou
import supervision as sv
ds_train = sv.DetectionDataset.from_coco(
images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/train",
annotations_path=f"{dataset.location}/train/_annotations.coco.json",
images_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/train',
annotations_path=f'{dataset.location}/train/_annotations.coco.json',
)
ds_valid = sv.DetectionDataset.from_coco(
images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/valid",
annotations_path=f"{dataset.location}/valid/_annotations.coco.json",
images_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/valid',
annotations_path=f'{dataset.location}/valid/_annotations.coco.json',
)
ds_test = sv.DetectionDataset.from_coco(
images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test",
annotations_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/_annotations.coco.json",
images_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/test',
annotations_path=f'{dataset.location}/test/_annotations.coco.json',
)
ds_train.classes
@@ -107,19 +102,19 @@ The Supervision library provides convenient functions to load datasets in variou
import supervision as sv
ds_train = sv.DetectionDataset.from_yolo(
images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/train/images",
annotations_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/train/labels",
data_yaml_path=f"{dataset.location}/data.yaml",
images_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/train/images',
annotations_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/train/labels',
data_yaml_path=f'{dataset.location}/data.yaml'
)
ds_valid = sv.DetectionDataset.from_yolo(
images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/valid/images",
annotations_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/valid/labels",
data_yaml_path=f"{dataset.location}/data.yaml",
images_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/valid/images',
annotations_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/valid/labels',
data_yaml_path=f'{dataset.location}/data.yaml'
)
ds_test = sv.DetectionDataset.from_yolo(
images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/images",
annotations_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/labels",
data_yaml_path=f"{dataset.location}/data.yaml",
images_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/test/images',
annotations_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/test/labels',
data_yaml_path=f'{dataset.location}/data.yaml'
)
ds_train.classes
@@ -137,70 +132,16 @@ The Supervision library provides convenient functions to load datasets in variou
import supervision as sv
ds_train = sv.DetectionDataset.from_pascal_voc(
images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/train/images",
annotations_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/train/labels",
images_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/train/images',
annotations_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/train/labels'
)
ds_valid = sv.DetectionDataset.from_pascal_voc(
images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/valid/images",
annotations_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/valid/labels",
images_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/valid/images',
annotations_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/valid/labels'
)
ds_test = sv.DetectionDataset.from_pascal_voc(
images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/images",
annotations_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/labels",
)
ds_train.classes
# ['person', 'bicycle', 'car', ...]
len(ds_train), len(ds_valid), len(ds_test)
# 800, 100, 100
```
=== "CreateML"
We can do so using the [`sv.DetectionDataset.from_createml`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.from_createml) to load annotations in [CreateML](https://roboflow.com/formats/createml-json) format.
```python
import supervision as sv
ds_train = sv.DetectionDataset.from_createml(
images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/train",
annotations_path=f"{dataset.location}/train/_annotations.createml.json",
)
ds_valid = sv.DetectionDataset.from_createml(
images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/valid",
annotations_path=f"{dataset.location}/valid/_annotations.createml.json",
)
ds_test = sv.DetectionDataset.from_createml(
images_directory_path=f"{dataset.location}/test",
annotations_path=f"{dataset.location}/test/_annotations.createml.json",
)
ds_train.classes
# ['person', 'bicycle', 'car', ...]
len(ds_train), len(ds_valid), len(ds_test)
# 800, 100, 100
```
=== "LabelMe"
We can do so using the [`sv.DetectionDataset.from_labelme`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.from_labelme) to load annotations in [LabelMe](https://roboflow.com/formats/labelme-json) format. LabelMe `rectangle` shapes are loaded as bounding boxes and `polygon` shapes are loaded as masks with bounding boxes.
```python
import supervision as sv
ds_train = sv.DetectionDataset.from_labelme(
images_directory_path="<TRAIN_IMAGES_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
annotations_directory_path="<TRAIN_ANNOTATIONS_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
)
ds_valid = sv.DetectionDataset.from_labelme(
images_directory_path="<VALID_IMAGES_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
annotations_directory_path="<VALID_ANNOTATIONS_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
)
ds_test = sv.DetectionDataset.from_labelme(
images_directory_path="<TEST_IMAGES_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
annotations_directory_path="<TEST_ANNOTATIONS_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
images_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/test/images',
annotations_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/test/labels'
)
ds_train.classes
@@ -212,7 +153,9 @@ The Supervision library provides convenient functions to load datasets in variou
## Split Dataset
If your dataset is not already split into train, test, and valid subsets, you can easily do so using the [`sv.DetectionDataset.split`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.split) method. We can split it as follows, ensuring a random shuffle of the data.
If your dataset is not already split into train, test, and valid subsets, you can
easily do so using the [`sv.DetectionDataset.split`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.split)
method. We can split it as follows, ensuring a random shuffle of the data.
```python
import supervision as sv
@@ -231,7 +174,9 @@ len(ds_train), len(ds_valid), len(ds_test)
## Merge Dataset
If you have multiple datasets that you would like to merge, you can do so using the [`sv.DetectionDataset.merge`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.merge) method.
If you have multiple datasets that you would like to merge, you can do so using the
[`sv.DetectionDataset.merge`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.merge)
method.
=== "COCO"
@@ -335,75 +280,12 @@ If you have multiple datasets that you would like to merge, you can do so using
# 1000
```
=== "CreateML"
```{ .py hl_lines="22-28" }
import supervision as sv
ds_train = sv.DetectionDataset.from_createml(
images_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/train',
annotations_path=f'{dataset.location}/train/_annotations.createml.json',
)
ds_valid = sv.DetectionDataset.from_createml(
images_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/valid',
annotations_path=f'{dataset.location}/valid/_annotations.createml.json',
)
ds_test = sv.DetectionDataset.from_createml(
images_directory_path=f'{dataset.location}/test',
annotations_path=f'{dataset.location}/test/_annotations.createml.json',
)
ds_train.classes
# ['person', 'bicycle', 'car', ...]
len(ds_train), len(ds_valid), len(ds_test)
# 800, 100, 100
ds = sv.DetectionDataset.merge([ds_train, ds_valid, ds_test])
ds.classes
# ['person', 'bicycle', 'car', ...]
len(ds)
# 1000
```
=== "LabelMe"
```{ .py hl_lines="22-28" }
import supervision as sv
ds_train = sv.DetectionDataset.from_labelme(
images_directory_path="<TRAIN_IMAGES_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
annotations_directory_path="<TRAIN_ANNOTATIONS_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
)
ds_valid = sv.DetectionDataset.from_labelme(
images_directory_path="<VALID_IMAGES_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
annotations_directory_path="<VALID_ANNOTATIONS_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
)
ds_test = sv.DetectionDataset.from_labelme(
images_directory_path="<TEST_IMAGES_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
annotations_directory_path="<TEST_ANNOTATIONS_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
)
ds_train.classes
# ['person', 'bicycle', 'car', ...]
len(ds_train), len(ds_valid), len(ds_test)
# 800, 100, 100
ds = sv.DetectionDataset.merge([ds_train, ds_valid, ds_test])
ds.classes
# ['person', 'bicycle', 'car', ...]
len(ds)
# 1000
```
## Iterate over Dataset
There are two ways to loop over a `sv.DetectionDataset`: using a direct [for loop](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.__iter__) called on the `sv.DetectionDataset` instance or loading `sv.DetectionDataset` entries [by index](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.__getitem__).
There are two ways to loop over a `sv.DetectionDataset`: using a direct
[for loop](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.__iter__)
called on the `sv.DetectionDataset` instance or loading `sv.DetectionDataset` entries
[by index](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.__getitem__).
```python
import supervision as sv
@@ -412,17 +294,23 @@ ds = sv.DetectionDataset(...)
# Option 1
for image_path, image, annotations in ds:
... # Process each image and its annotations
... # Process each image and its annotations
# Option 2
for idx in range(len(ds)):
image_path, image, annotations = ds[idx]
... # Process the image and annotations at index `idx`
... # Process the image and annotations at index `idx`
```
## Visualize Dataset
The Supervision library provides tools for easily visualizing your detection dataset. You can create a grid of annotated images to quickly inspect your data and labels. First, initialize the [`sv.BoxAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BoxAnnotator) and [`sv.LabelAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.LabelAnnotator). Then, iterate through a subset of the dataset (e.g., the first 25 images), drawing bounding boxes and class labels on each image. Finally, combine the annotated images into a grid for display.
The Supervision library provides tools for easily visualizing your detection dataset.
You can create a grid of annotated images to quickly inspect your data and labels.
First, initialize the [`sv.BoxAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BoxAnnotator)
and [`sv.LabelAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.LabelAnnotator).
Then, iterate through a subset of the dataset (e.g., the first 25 images), drawing
bounding boxes and class labels on each image. Finally, combine the annotated images
into a grid for display.
```python
import supervision as sv
@@ -443,9 +331,12 @@ for i in range(16):
annotated_image = label_annotator.annotate(annotated_image, annotations, labels)
annotated_images.append(annotated_image)
sv.plot_images_grid(
grid = sv.create_tiles(
annotated_images,
grid_size=(4, 4),
single_tile_size=(400, 400),
tile_padding_color=sv.Color.WHITE,
tile_margin_color=sv.Color.WHITE
)
```
@@ -463,8 +354,8 @@ sv.plot_images_grid(
ds = sv.DetectionDataset(...)
ds.as_coco(
images_directory_path="<IMAGE_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
annotations_path="<ANNOTATIONS_PATH>",
images_directory_path='<IMAGE_DIRECTORY_PATH>',
annotations_path='<ANNOTATIONS_PATH>'
)
```
@@ -478,9 +369,9 @@ sv.plot_images_grid(
ds = sv.DetectionDataset(...)
ds.as_yolo(
images_directory_path="<IMAGE_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
annotations_directory_path="<ANNOTATIONS_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
data_yaml_path="<DATA_YAML_PATH>",
images_directory_path='<IMAGE_DIRECTORY_PATH>',
annotations_directory_path='<ANNOTATIONS_DIRECTORY_PATH>',
data_yaml_path='<DATA_YAML_PATH>'
)
```
@@ -494,50 +385,29 @@ sv.plot_images_grid(
ds = sv.DetectionDataset(...)
ds.as_pascal_voc(
images_directory_path="<IMAGE_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
annotations_directory_path="<ANNOTATIONS_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
)
```
=== "CreateML"
We can do so using the [`sv.DetectionDataset.as_createml`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.as_createml) method to save annotations in [CreateML](https://roboflow.com/formats/createml-json) format.
```python
import supervision as sv
ds = sv.DetectionDataset(...)
ds.as_createml(
images_directory_path="<IMAGE_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
annotations_path="<ANNOTATIONS_PATH>",
)
```
=== "LabelMe"
We can do so using the [`sv.DetectionDataset.as_labelme`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/#supervision.dataset.core.DetectionDataset.as_labelme) method to save annotations in [LabelMe](https://roboflow.com/formats/labelme-json) format. Detections with masks are exported as `polygon` shapes; box-only detections are exported as `rectangle` shapes.
```python
import supervision as sv
ds = sv.DetectionDataset(...)
ds.as_labelme(
images_directory_path="<IMAGE_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
annotations_directory_path="<ANNOTATIONS_DIRECTORY_PATH>",
images_directory_path='<IMAGE_DIRECTORY_PATH>',
annotations_directory_path='<ANNOTATIONS_DIRECTORY_PATH>'
)
```
## Augment Dataset
In this section, we'll explore using Supervision in combination with Albumentations to augment our dataset. Data augmentation is a common technique in computer vision to increase the size and diversity of training datasets, leading to improved model performance and generalization.
In this section, we'll explore using Supervision in combination with Albumentations to
augment our dataset. Data augmentation is a common technique in computer vision to
increase the size and diversity of training datasets, leading to improved model
performance and generalization.
```bash
pip install albumentations
pip install augmentation
```
Albumentations provides a flexible and powerful API for image augmentation. The core of the library is the [`Compose`](https://albumentations.ai/docs/api-reference/albumentations/core/composition/#Compose) class, which allows you to chain multiple image transformations together. Each transformation is defined using a dedicated class, such as [`HorizontalFlip`](https://albumentations.ai/docs/api-reference/albumentations/augmentations/geometric/flip/#HorizontalFlip), [`RandomBrightnessContrast`](https://albumentations.ai/docs/api-reference/albumentations/augmentations/pixel/transforms/#RandomBrightnessContrast), or [`Perspective`](https://albumentations.ai/docs/api-reference/albumentations/augmentations/geometric/transforms/#Perspective).
Albumentations provides a flexible and powerful API for image augmentation. The core of
the library is the [`Compose`](https://albumentations.ai/docs/api_reference/full_reference/?h=compose#albumentations.core.composition.Compose)
class, which allows you to chain multiple image transformations together. Each
transformation is defined using a dedicated class, such as
[`HorizontalFlip`](https://albumentations.ai/docs/api_reference/full_reference/?h=horizontalflip#albumentations.augmentations.geometric.transforms.HorizontalFlip),
[`RandomBrightnessContrast`](https://albumentations.ai/docs/api_reference/full_reference/?h=horizontalflip#albumentations.augmentations.transforms.RandomBrightnessContrast),
or [`Perspective`](https://albumentations.ai/docs/api_reference/full_reference/?h=horizontalflip#albumentations.augmentations.geometric.transforms.Perspective).
```python
import albumentations as A
@@ -546,16 +416,17 @@ augmentation = A.Compose(
transforms=[
A.Perspective(p=0.1),
A.HorizontalFlip(p=0.5),
A.RandomBrightnessContrast(p=0.5),
A.RandomBrightnessContrast(p=0.5)
],
bbox_params=A.BboxParams(
format="pascal_voc",
label_fields=["category"],
format='pascal_voc',
label_fields=['category']
),
)
```
The key is to set `format='pascal_voc'`, which corresponds to the `[x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max]` bounding box format used in Supervision.
The key is to set `format='pascal_voc'`, which corresponds to the
`[x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max]` bounding box format used in Supervision.
```python
import numpy as np
@@ -569,37 +440,15 @@ _, original_image, original_annotations = ds[0]
output = augmentation(
image=original_image,
bboxes=original_annotations.xyxy,
category=original_annotations.class_id,
category=original_annotations.class_id
)
augmented_image = output["image"]
augmented_image = output['image']
augmented_annotations = replace(
original_annotations,
xyxy=np.array(output["bboxes"]),
class_id=np.array(output["category"]),
xyxy=np.array(output['bboxes']),
class_id=np.array(output['category'])
)
```
![augment-dataset](https://media.roboflow.com/supervision-docs/augment-dataset.png)
## Frequently Asked Questions
### What dataset formats does supervision support?
For detection datasets, supervision supports YOLO, COCO JSON, Pascal VOC, CreateML, and LabelMe. Use `DetectionDataset.from_yolo()`, `from_coco()`, `from_pascal_voc()`, `from_createml()`, or `from_labelme()` to load, and `as_yolo()`, `as_coco()`, `as_pascal_voc()`, `as_createml()`, or `as_labelme()` to save. Classification datasets use `ClassificationDataset.from_folder_structure()` and `as_folder_structure()`.
### Can I split a dataset into train/val/test sets?
`DetectionDataset.split(split_ratio=0.8)` returns exactly two datasets: train (80%) and test (20%). If you need a validation set, split one of those subsets in a separate step.
### Can I merge two datasets together?
Yes. `DetectionDataset.merge([dataset_a, dataset_b])` combines multiple datasets into one. Useful for combining datasets from different sources.
### What augmentations are available?
Common augmentations such as flip, rotate, translate, scale, crop, color jitter, and Gaussian blur can be applied using an external library like Albumentations, as shown in the augmentation example above. Supervision does not provide an `sv.Augmenter` pipeline.
## Author
- [Piotr Skalski](https://github.com/SkalskiP) — Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
+51 -70
View File
@@ -1,53 +1,52 @@
---
comments: true
description: Save object detection results to CSV or JSON with supervision's CSVSink and JSONSink — export predictions for analysis and downstream pipelines.
authors:
- name: Piotr Skalski
role: Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
github: https://github.com/SkalskiP
date_modified: 2026-04-22
---
# Save Detections
Supervision enables an easy way to save detections in .CSV and .JSON files for offline processing. This guide demonstrates how to perform video inference using the [Inference](https://github.com/roboflow/inference), [Ultralytics](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics) or [Transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) packages and save their results with [`sv.CSVSink`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.CSVSink) and [`sv.JSONSink`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.json_sink.JSONSink).
Supervision enables an easy way to save detections in .CSV and .JSON files for offline
processing. This guide demonstrates how to perform video inference using the
[Inference](https://github.com/roboflow/inference),
[Ultralytics](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics) or
[Transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) packages and save their results with
[`sv.CSVSink`](/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.CSVSink) and
[`sv.JSONSink`](/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.JSONSink).
## Run Detection
First, you'll need to obtain predictions from your object detection or segmentation model. You can learn more on this topic in our [How to Detect and Annotate](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/detect_and_annotate/) guide.
To generate predictions for saving, initialize your model and iterate over video frames using `sv.get_video_frames_generator`. Each frame is passed to the model, and the raw output is converted into a `sv.Detections` object. This detection loop forms the foundation for both CSV and JSON export workflows shown below.
First, you'll need to obtain predictions from your object detection or segmentation
model. You can learn more on this topic in our
[How to Detect and Annotate](/latest/how_to/detect_and_annotate.md) guide.
=== "Inference"
```python
import supervision as sv
from inference import get_model
model = get_model(model_id="yolov8n-640")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator("<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>)
for frame in frames_generator:
results = model.infer(image)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(results)
```
=== "Ultralytics"
```python
import supervision as sv
from ultralytics import YOLO
model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator("<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>)
for frame in frames_generator:
results = model(frame)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(results)
```
=== "Transformers"
```python
import torch
import supervision as sv
@@ -55,9 +54,10 @@ To generate predictions for saving, initialize your model and iterate over video
processor = DetrImageProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
model = DetrForObjectDetection.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator("<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>)
for frame in frames_generator:
frame = sv.cv2_to_pillow(frame)
inputs = processor(images=frame, return_tensors="pt")
@@ -67,25 +67,27 @@ To generate predictions for saving, initialize your model and iterate over video
width, height = frame.size
target_size = torch.tensor([[height, width]])
results = processor.post_process_object_detection(
outputs=outputs, target_sizes=target_size
)[0]
outputs=outputs, target_sizes=target_size)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_transformers(results)
```
## Save Detections as CSV
To save detections to a `.CSV` file, open our [`sv.CSVSink`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.CSVSink) and then pass the [`sv.Detections`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections) object resulting from the inference to it. Its fields are parsed and saved on disk.
To save detections to a `.CSV` file, open our
[`sv.CSVSink`](/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.CSVSink)
and then pass the
[`sv.Detections`](/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections)
object resulting from the inference to it. Its fields are parsed and saved on disk.
=== "Inference"
```{ .py hl_lines="7 12" }
import supervision as sv
from inference import get_model
model = get_model(model_id="yolov8n-640")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator("<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>)
with sv.CSVSink("<TARGET_CSV_PATH>") as sink:
with sv.CSVSink(<TARGET_CSV_PATH>) as sink:
for frame in frames_generator:
results = model.infer(image)[0]
@@ -94,15 +96,14 @@ To save detections to a `.CSV` file, open our [`sv.CSVSink`](https://supervision
```
=== "Ultralytics"
```{ .py hl_lines="7 12" }
import supervision as sv
from ultralytics import YOLO
model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator("<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>)
with sv.CSVSink("<TARGET_CSV_PATH>") as sink:
with sv.CSVSink(<TARGET_CSV_PATH>) as sink:
for frame in frames_generator:
results = model(frame)[0]
@@ -111,7 +112,6 @@ To save detections to a `.CSV` file, open our [`sv.CSVSink`](https://supervision
```
=== "Transformers"
```{ .py hl_lines="9 23" }
import torch
import supervision as sv
@@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ To save detections to a `.CSV` file, open our [`sv.CSVSink`](https://supervision
processor = DetrImageProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
model = DetrForObjectDetection.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator("<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>)
with sv.CSVSink("<TARGET_CSV_PATH>") as sink:
with sv.CSVSink(<TARGET_CSV_PATH>) as sink:
for frame in frames_generator:
frame = sv.cv2_to_pillow(frame)
@@ -146,18 +146,22 @@ To save detections to a `.CSV` file, open our [`sv.CSVSink`](https://supervision
## Custom Fields
Besides regular fields in [`sv.Detections`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections), [`sv.CSVSink`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.CSVSink) also allows you to add custom information to each row, which can be passed via the `custom_data` dictionary. Let's utilize this feature to save information about the frame index from which the detections originate.
Besides regular fields in
[`sv.Detections`](/latest/detection/core/#supervision.detection.core.Detections),
[`sv.CSVSink`](/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.CSVSink)
also allows you to add custom information to each row, which can be passed via the
`custom_data` dictionary. Let's utilize this feature to save information about the
frame index from which the detections originate.
=== "Inference"
```{ .py hl_lines="8 12" }
import supervision as sv
from inference import get_model
model = get_model(model_id="yolov8n-640")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator("<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>)
with sv.CSVSink("<TARGET_CSV_PATH>") as sink:
with sv.CSVSink(<TARGET_CSV_PATH>) as sink:
for frame_index, frame in enumerate(frames_generator):
results = model.infer(image)[0]
@@ -166,15 +170,14 @@ Besides regular fields in [`sv.Detections`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/lat
```
=== "Ultralytics"
```{ .py hl_lines="8 12" }
import supervision as sv
from ultralytics import YOLO
model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator("<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>)
with sv.CSVSink("<TARGET_CSV_PATH>") as sink:
with sv.CSVSink(<TARGET_CSV_PATH>) as sink:
for frame_index, frame in enumerate(frames_generator):
results = model(frame)[0]
@@ -183,7 +186,6 @@ Besides regular fields in [`sv.Detections`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/lat
```
=== "Transformers"
```{ .py hl_lines="10 23" }
import torch
import supervision as sv
@@ -191,9 +193,9 @@ Besides regular fields in [`sv.Detections`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/lat
processor = DetrImageProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
model = DetrForObjectDetection.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator("<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>)
with sv.CSVSink("<TARGET_CSV_PATH>") as sink:
with sv.CSVSink(<TARGET_CSV_PATH>) as sink:
for frame_index, frame in enumerate(frames_generator):
frame = sv.cv2_to_pillow(frame)
@@ -218,18 +220,21 @@ Besides regular fields in [`sv.Detections`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/lat
## Save Detections as JSON
If you prefer to save the result in a `.JSON` file instead of a `.CSV` file, all you need to do is replace [`sv.CSVSink`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.CSVSink) with [`sv.JSONSink`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.json_sink.JSONSink).
If you prefer to save the result in a `.JSON` file instead of a `.CSV` file, all you
need to do is replace
[`sv.CSVSink`](/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.CSVSink)
with
[`sv.JSONSink`](/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/#supervision.detection.tools.csv_sink.JSONSink).
=== "Inference"
```{ .py hl_lines="7" }
import supervision as sv
from inference import get_model
model = get_model(model_id="yolov8n-640")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator("<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>)
with sv.JSONSink("<TARGET_JSON_PATH>") as sink:
with sv.JSONSink(<TARGET_CSV_PATH>) as sink:
for frame_index, frame in enumerate(frames_generator):
results = model.infer(image)[0]
@@ -238,15 +243,14 @@ If you prefer to save the result in a `.JSON` file instead of a `.CSV` file, all
```
=== "Ultralytics"
```{ .py hl_lines="7" }
import supervision as sv
from ultralytics import YOLO
model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator("<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>)
with sv.JSONSink("<TARGET_JSON_PATH>") as sink:
with sv.JSONSink(<TARGET_CSV_PATH>) as sink:
for frame_index, frame in enumerate(frames_generator):
results = model(frame)[0]
@@ -255,7 +259,6 @@ If you prefer to save the result in a `.JSON` file instead of a `.CSV` file, all
```
=== "Transformers"
```{ .py hl_lines="9" }
import torch
import supervision as sv
@@ -263,9 +266,9 @@ If you prefer to save the result in a `.JSON` file instead of a `.CSV` file, all
processor = DetrImageProcessor.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
model = DetrForObjectDetection.from_pretrained("facebook/detr-resnet-50")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator("<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>")
frames_generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(<SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH>)
with sv.JSONSink("<TARGET_JSON_PATH>") as sink:
with sv.JSONSink(<TARGET_CSV_PATH>) as sink:
for frame_index, frame in enumerate(frames_generator):
frame = sv.cv2_to_pillow(frame)
@@ -281,25 +284,3 @@ If you prefer to save the result in a `.JSON` file instead of a `.CSV` file, all
detections = sv.Detections.from_transformers(results)
sink.append(detections, {"frame_index": frame_index})
```
## Frequently Asked Questions
### How do I save detections to CSV with supervision?
Open `sv.CSVSink("output.csv")` as a context manager and call `sink.append(detections)` for each frame. The CSV includes box coordinates, confidence, class ID, tracker ID, and any fields stored in `detections.data`.
### Can I save detections to JSON instead?
Yes. Open `sv.JSONSink("output.json")` as a context manager and call `sink.append(detections)` for each frame. The file is written as a JSON array when the context exits.
### Can I add custom fields to the saved output?
Yes. Pass a dict as the second argument: `sink.append(detections, {"frame_index": 5})` — the keys become extra columns in the CSV or extra fields in the JSON.
### Can I save only specific classes or confidence levels?
Filter the `Detections` object before saving: `sink.append(detections[detections.confidence > 0.7])`.
## Author
- [Piotr Skalski](https://github.com/SkalskiP) — Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
+53 -60
View File
@@ -1,25 +1,24 @@
---
comments: true
description: Track objects across video frames with ByteTrack in supervision — assign persistent IDs and analyze motion from any object detection model.
authors:
- name: Piotr Skalski
role: Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
github: https://github.com/SkalskiP
- name: Soumik Mandal
role: ML Engineer, Roboflow
github: https://github.com/soumik12345
date_modified: 2026-04-22
status: new
---
# Track Objects
Leverage Supervision's advanced capabilities for enhancing your video analysis by seamlessly [tracking](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/trackers/) objects recognized by a multitude of object detection, segmentation and keypoint models. This comprehensive guide will take you through the steps to perform inference using the YOLOv8 model via either the [Inference](https://github.com/roboflow/inference) or [Ultralytics](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics) packages. Following this, you'll discover how to track these objects efficiently and annotate your video content for a deeper analysis.
Leverage Supervision's advanced capabilities for enhancing your video analysis by
seamlessly [tracking](/latest/trackers/) objects recognized by
a multitude of object detection, segmentation and keypoint models. This comprehensive guide will
take you through the steps to perform inference using the YOLOv8 model via either the
[Inference](https://github.com/roboflow/inference) or
[Ultralytics](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics) packages. Following this,
you'll discover how to track these objects efficiently and annotate your video content
for a deeper analysis.
## Object Detection & Segmentation
To make it easier for you to follow our tutorial download the video we will use as an example. You can do this using the [`supervision.assets`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/assets/) module included in the base package.
This section demonstrates how to detect and segment objects in video frames using YOLOv8 with either the Inference or Ultralytics package. You will download a sample video, define a per-frame callback function that runs model prediction, and process the entire video to produce an annotated output file.
To make it easier for you to follow our tutorial download the video we will use as an
example. You can do this using
[`supervision[assets]`](/latest/assets/) extension.
```python
from supervision.assets import download_assets, VideoAssets
@@ -33,9 +32,16 @@ download_assets(VideoAssets.PEOPLE_WALKING)
### Run Inference
First, you'll need to obtain predictions from your object detection or segmentation model. In this tutorial, we are using the YOLOv8 model as an example. However, Supervision is versatile and compatible with various models. Check this [link](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/detect_and_annotate/#load-predictions-into-supervision) for guidance on how to plug in other models.
First, you'll need to obtain predictions from your object detection or segmentation
model. In this tutorial, we are using the YOLOv8 model as an example. However,
Supervision is versatile and compatible with various models. Check this
[link](/latest/how_to/detect_and_annotate/#load-predictions-into-supervision)
for guidance on how to plug in other models.
We will define a `callback` function, which will process each frame of the video by obtaining model predictions and then annotating the frame based on these predictions. This `callback` function will be essential in the subsequent steps of the tutorial, as it will be modified to include tracking, labeling, and trace annotations.
We will define a `callback` function, which will process each frame of the video
by obtaining model predictions and then annotating the frame based on these predictions.
This `callback` function will be essential in the subsequent steps of the tutorial, as
it will be modified to include tracking, labeling, and trace annotations.
!!! tip
@@ -70,7 +76,7 @@ We will define a `callback` function, which will process each frame of the video
import supervision as sv
from inference.models.utils import get_roboflow_model
model = get_roboflow_model(model_id="yolov8n-640", api_key="<ROBOFLOW_API_KEY>")
model = get_roboflow_model(model_id="yolov8n-640", api_key=<ROBOFLOW API KEY>)
box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
def callback(frame: np.ndarray, _: int) -> np.ndarray:
@@ -91,11 +97,11 @@ We will define a `callback` function, which will process each frame of the video
### Tracking
After running inference and obtaining predictions, the next step is to track the detected objects throughout the video. Utilizing Supervision’s [`sv.ByteTrack`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/trackers/#supervision.tracker.byte_tracker.core.ByteTrack) functionality, each detected object is assigned a unique tracker ID, enabling the continuous following of the object's motion path across different frames.
!!! warning "Deprecated tracker wrapper"
`sv.ByteTrack` is deprecated in favor of `ByteTrackTracker` from the external `trackers` package. The external tracker uses `update()` instead of `update_with_detections()`.
After running inference and obtaining predictions, the next step is to track the
detected objects throughout the video. Utilizing Supervision’s
[`sv.ByteTrack`](/latest/trackers/#supervision.tracker.byte_tracker.core.ByteTrack)
functionality, each detected object is assigned a unique tracker ID,
enabling the continuous following of the object's motion path across different frames.
=== "Ultralytics"
@@ -128,7 +134,7 @@ After running inference and obtaining predictions, the next step is to track the
import supervision as sv
from inference.models.utils import get_roboflow_model
model = get_roboflow_model(model_id="yolov8n-640", api_key="<ROBOFLOW_API_KEY>")
model = get_roboflow_model(model_id="yolov8n-640", api_key=<ROBOFLOW API KEY>)
tracker = sv.ByteTrack()
box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
@@ -147,7 +153,11 @@ After running inference and obtaining predictions, the next step is to track the
### Annotate Video with Tracking IDs
Annotating the video with tracking IDs helps in distinguishing and following each object distinctly. With the [`sv.LabelAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.LabelAnnotator) in Supervision, we can overlay the tracker IDs and class labels on the detected objects, offering a clear visual representation of each object's class and unique identifier.
Annotating the video with tracking IDs helps in distinguishing and following each object
distinctly. With the
[`sv.LabelAnnotator`](/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.LabelAnnotator)
in Supervision, we can overlay the tracker IDs and class labels on the detected objects,
offering a clear visual representation of each object's class and unique identifier.
=== "Ultralytics"
@@ -191,7 +201,7 @@ Annotating the video with tracking IDs helps in distinguishing and following eac
import supervision as sv
from inference.models.utils import get_roboflow_model
model = get_roboflow_model(model_id="yolov8n-640", api_key="<ROBOFLOW_API_KEY>")
model = get_roboflow_model(model_id="yolov8n-640", api_key=<ROBOFLOW API KEY>)
tracker = sv.ByteTrack()
box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator()
@@ -225,7 +235,11 @@ Annotating the video with tracking IDs helps in distinguishing and following eac
### Annotate Video with Traces
Adding traces to the video involves overlaying the historical paths of the detected objects. This feature, powered by the [`sv.TraceAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.TraceAnnotator), allows for visualizing the trajectories of objects, helping in understanding the movement patterns and interactions between objects in the video.
Adding traces to the video involves overlaying the historical paths of the detected
objects. This feature, powered by the
[`sv.TraceAnnotator`](/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.TraceAnnotator),
allows for visualizing the trajectories of objects, helping in understanding the
movement patterns and interactions between objects in the video.
=== "Ultralytics"
@@ -272,7 +286,7 @@ Adding traces to the video involves overlaying the historical paths of the detec
import supervision as sv
from inference.models.utils import get_roboflow_model
model = get_roboflow_model(model_id="yolov8n-640", api_key="<ROBOFLOW_API_KEY>")
model = get_roboflow_model(model_id="yolov8n-640", api_key=<ROBOFLOW API KEY>)
tracker = sv.ByteTrack()
box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator()
@@ -311,7 +325,8 @@ Adding traces to the video involves overlaying the historical paths of the detec
Models aren't limited to object detection and segmentation. Keypoint detection allows for detailed analysis of body joints and connections, especially valuable for applications like human pose estimation. This section introduces keypoint tracking. We'll walk through the steps of annotating keypoints, converting them into bounding box detections compatible with `ByteTrack`, and applying detection smoothing for enhanced stability.
To make it easier for you to follow our tutorial, let's download the video we will use as an example. You can do this using the [`supervision.assets`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/assets/) module included in the base package.
To make it easier for you to follow our tutorial, let's download the video we will use as an
example. You can do this using [`supervision[assets]`](/latest/assets/) extension.
```python
from supervision.assets import download_assets, VideoAssets
@@ -325,11 +340,12 @@ download_assets(VideoAssets.SKIING)
### Keypoint Detection
First, you'll need to obtain predictions from your keypoint detection model. In this tutorial, we are using the YOLOv8 model as an example. However, Supervision is versatile and compatible with various models. Check this [link](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/keypoint/core/) for guidance on how to plug in other models.
First, you'll need to obtain predictions from your keypoint detection model. In this tutorial, we are using the YOLOv8 model as an example. However,
Supervision is versatile and compatible with various models. Check this [link](/latest/keypoint/core/) for guidance on how to plug in other models.
We will define a `callback` function, which will process each frame of the video by obtaining model predictions and then annotating the frame based on these predictions.
Let's immediately visualize the results with our [`EdgeAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/keypoint/annotators/#supervision.key_points.annotators.EdgeAnnotator) and [`VertexAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/keypoint/annotators/#supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexAnnotator).
Let's immediately visualize the results with our [`EdgeAnnotator`](/latest/keypoint/annotators/#supervision.keypoint.annotators.EdgeAnnotator) and [`VertexAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/keypoint/annotators/#supervision.keypoint.annotators.VertexAnnotator).
=== "Ultralytics"
@@ -366,7 +382,7 @@ Let's immediately visualize the results with our [`EdgeAnnotator`](https://super
from inference.models.utils import get_roboflow_model
model = get_roboflow_model(
model_id="yolov8m-pose-640", api_key="<ROBOFLOW_API_KEY>")
model_id="yolov8m-pose-640", api_key=<ROBOFLOW API KEY>)
edge_annotator = sv.EdgeAnnotator()
vertex_annotator = sv.VertexAnnotator()
@@ -392,9 +408,9 @@ Let's immediately visualize the results with our [`EdgeAnnotator`](https://super
### Convert to Detections
Keypoint tracking is currently supported via the conversion of `KeyPoints` to `Detections`. This is achieved with the [`KeyPoints.as_detections()`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/keypoint/core/#supervision.key_points.core.KeyPoints.as_detections) function.
Keypoint tracking is currently supported via the conversion of `KeyPoints` to `Detections`. This is achieved with the [`KeyPoints.as_detections()`](/latest/keypoint/core/#supervision.keypoint.core.KeyPoints.as_detections) function.
Let's convert to detections and visualize the results with our [`BoxAnnotator`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BoxAnnotator).
Let's convert to detections and visualize the results with our [`BoxAnnotator`](/latest/detection/annotators/#supervision.annotators.core.BoxAnnotator).
!!! tip
@@ -439,7 +455,7 @@ Let's convert to detections and visualize the results with our [`BoxAnnotator`](
from inference.models.utils import get_roboflow_model
model = get_roboflow_model(
model_id="yolov8m-pose-640", api_key="<ROBOFLOW_API_KEY>")
model_id="yolov8m-pose-640", api_key=<ROBOFLOW API KEY>)
edge_annotator = sv.EdgeAnnotator()
vertex_annotator = sv.VertexAnnotator()
box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
@@ -469,7 +485,7 @@ Let's convert to detections and visualize the results with our [`BoxAnnotator`](
### Keypoint Tracking
Now that we have a `Detections` object, we can track it throughout the video. Utilizing Supervision's [`sv.ByteTrack`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/trackers/#supervision.tracker.byte_tracker.core.ByteTrack) functionality, each detected object is assigned a unique tracker ID, enabling the continuous following of the object's motion path across different frames. We shall visualize the result with `TraceAnnotator`.
Now that we have a `Detections` object, we can track it throughout the video. Utilizing Supervision’s [`sv.ByteTrack`](/latest/trackers/#supervision.tracker.byte_tracker.core.ByteTrack) functionality, each detected object is assigned a unique tracker ID, enabling the continuous following of the object's motion path across different frames. We shall visualize the result with `TraceAnnotator`.
=== "Ultralytics"
@@ -516,7 +532,7 @@ Now that we have a `Detections` object, we can track it throughout the video. Ut
from inference.models.utils import get_roboflow_model
model = get_roboflow_model(
model_id="yolov8m-pose-640", api_key="<ROBOFLOW_API_KEY>")
model_id="yolov8m-pose-640", api_key=<ROBOFLOW API KEY>)
edge_annotator = sv.EdgeAnnotator()
vertex_annotator = sv.VertexAnnotator()
box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
@@ -552,7 +568,7 @@ Now that we have a `Detections` object, we can track it throughout the video. Ut
### Bonus: Smoothing
We could stop here as we have successfully tracked the object detected by the keypoint model. However, we can further enhance the stability of the boxes by applying [`DetectionsSmoother`](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/smoother/). This tool helps in stabilizing the boxes by smoothing the bounding box coordinates across frames. It is very simple to use:
We could stop here as we have successfully tracked the object detected by the keypoint model. However, we can further enhance the stability of the boxes by applying [`DetectionsSmoother`](/latest/detection/tools/smoother/). This tool helps in stabilizing the boxes by smoothing the bounding box coordinates across frames. It is very simple to use:
=== "Ultralytics"
@@ -601,7 +617,7 @@ We could stop here as we have successfully tracked the object detected by the ke
from inference.models.utils import get_roboflow_model
model = get_roboflow_model(
model_id="yolov8m-pose-640", api_key="<ROBOFLOW_API_KEY>")
model_id="yolov8m-pose-640", api_key=<ROBOFLOW API KEY>)
edge_annotator = sv.EdgeAnnotator()
vertex_annotator = sv.VertexAnnotator()
box_annotator = sv.BoxAnnotator()
@@ -638,26 +654,3 @@ We could stop here as we have successfully tracked the object detected by the ke
</video>
This structured walkthrough should give a detailed pathway to annotate videos effectively using Supervision’s various functionalities, including object tracking and trace annotations.
## Frequently Asked Questions
### How do I track objects across video frames with supervision?
Pass `Detections` to `sv.ByteTrack.update_with_detections()` on each frame. The tracker assigns persistent IDs. Combine with `sv.TraceAnnotator` to visualize trajectories. `sv.ByteTrack` is deprecated in favor of `ByteTrackTracker` from the `trackers` package, where the update method is named `update()`.
### What should I know about ByteTrack?
ByteTrack uses low-confidence detections during association, which can improve continuity during missed or weak detections. Supervision's built-in `ByteTrack` wrapper is deprecated in favor of the external `trackers` package.
### Can I track instances instead of bounding boxes?
Yes. ByteTrack tracks bounding boxes. For instance masks, use `sv.MaskAnnotator` with the tracker IDs to color-code each tracked object consistently.
### Does ByteTrack work with any detection model?
Yes. ByteTrack is model-agnostic - it accepts any `Detections` object with bounding boxes, regardless of the supported converter or model output that produced it.
## Authors
- [Piotr Skalski](https://github.com/SkalskiP) — Computer Vision Engineer, Roboflow
- [Soumik Mandal](https://github.com/soumik12345) — ML Engineer, Roboflow
-193
View File
@@ -1,193 +0,0 @@
---
comments: true
description: Use CompactMask for memory-efficient instance segmentation in supervision — ingest COCO RLE payloads, skip mask materialisation, and merge mixed dense and compact detections without allocating a full pixel stack.
authors:
- name: Borda
role: Open Source Engineer, Roboflow
github: https://github.com/borda
date_modified: 2026-07-01
---
# Use Compact Masks for Memory-Efficient Segmentation
[CompactMask][supervision.detection.compact_mask.CompactMask] stores each instance mask as a run-length encoding of its bounding-box **crop** rather than a full `(H, W)` boolean frame. For high-resolution images with many sparse masks this can reduce memory from tens of gigabytes to tens of megabytes, and eliminates full-frame decode work in annotators that only need the cropped region.
!!! Note
`sv.mask_to_xyxy` keeps supervision's inclusive max-coordinate convention for compatibility with `CompactMask` and current box-based adapters. Use `sv.mask_to_roi` when you need exclusive slice bounds for NumPy indexing or crop extraction.
This guide covers the four main integration points:
1. [Ingesting COCO RLE payloads directly as CompactMask](#ingest-coco-rle-payloads)
2. [Parsing Roboflow Inference results without a dense stack](#parse-inference-results)
3. [Skipping mask materialisation for box/label annotators](#skip-unnecessary-materialisation)
4. [Merging mixed dense and compact detections](#merge-mixed-detections)
---
## Ingest COCO RLE Payloads
If your model or API returns masks in the COCO RLE format (`{"size": [H, W], "counts": "..."}`) you can convert them directly to `CompactMask` without allocating an `(N, H, W)` boolean array:
```python
import numpy as np
import supervision as sv
from supervision.detection.compact_mask import CompactMask
# Example: two COCO RLE masks for a 720×1280 frame.
# Replace the counts strings with actual compressed RLE payloads from your
# model or API — e.g., from pycocotools mask.encode() or an Inference response.
rles = [
{"size": [720, 1280], "counts": "YOUR_RLE_COUNTS_STRING_HERE"},
{"size": [720, 1280], "counts": "YOUR_RLE_COUNTS_STRING_HERE"},
]
xyxy = np.array(
[
[100.0, 50.0, 400.0, 300.0],
[500.0, 200.0, 900.0, 600.0],
]
)
compact = CompactMask.from_coco_rle(rles, xyxy, image_shape=(720, 1280))
detections = sv.Detections(
xyxy=xyxy,
mask=compact,
class_id=np.array([0, 1]),
)
```
`from_coco_rle` uses run-length arithmetic scoped to each bounding box so no dense pixel array is ever created. Uncompressed integer count lists are also accepted in place of compressed strings.
---
## Parse Inference Results
`Detections.from_inference` accepts a `compact_masks=True` flag that routes the Roboflow RLE payload through `CompactMask.from_coco_rle` instead of decoding to a dense stack:
```python
import supervision as sv
# result: a Roboflow Inference v2 response dict with instance masks.
detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(result, compact_masks=True)
from supervision.detection.compact_mask import CompactMask
assert isinstance(detections.mask, CompactMask)
```
!!! Warning
`compact_masks=True` crops each mask to its detector bounding box. Pixels outside the box are silently dropped. For masks that extend meaningfully beyond the reported bounding box, use the default `compact_masks=False` (dense decode) to preserve all pixels.
To convert an existing dense-mask `Detections` to compact at any point:
```python
detections_compact = detections.to_compact_masks()
```
---
## Skip Unnecessary Materialisation
Annotators that do not draw masks (box, label, circle, ellipse, trace, keypoint) expose `requires_mask = False`. Integrations can branch on this flag to avoid decoding compact or RLE masks before annotation:
```python
import supervision as sv
annotators = [
sv.BoxAnnotator(),
sv.LabelAnnotator(),
sv.MaskAnnotator(), # requires_mask = True
]
for ann in annotators:
if ann.requires_mask:
# Annotator reads mask pixels — CompactMask decodes lazily per crop.
scene = ann.annotate(scene, detections)
else:
# Annotator ignores masks — strip mask field to eliminate any decode cost.
det_no_mask = sv.Detections(
xyxy=detections.xyxy,
confidence=detections.confidence,
class_id=detections.class_id,
)
scene = ann.annotate(scene, det_no_mask)
```
Annotators that set `requires_mask = True`: [MaskAnnotator][supervision.annotators.core.MaskAnnotator], [PolygonAnnotator][supervision.annotators.core.PolygonAnnotator], [HaloAnnotator][supervision.annotators.core.HaloAnnotator].
All others default to `requires_mask = False`.
!!! Note
`PolygonAnnotator` and `MaskAnnotator` both operate directly on `CompactMask` without materialising the full `(N, H, W)` frame — passing compact detections to them is already efficient.
---
## Merge Mixed Detections
When merging `Detections` objects that mix dense `ndarray` masks and `CompactMask` instances, `Detections.merge` converts dense inputs to `CompactMask` automatically. No full `(N, H, W)` stack is allocated:
```python
import numpy as np
import supervision as sv
from supervision.detection.compact_mask import CompactMask
H, W = 720, 1280
# Compact detections from an RLE-based source.
# Replace the counts string with a real compressed RLE payload from your model or API.
rles = [{"size": [H, W], "counts": "YOUR_RLE_COUNTS_STRING_HERE"}]
xyxy_a = np.array([[100.0, 50.0, 400.0, 300.0]])
cm = CompactMask.from_coco_rle(rles, xyxy_a, image_shape=(H, W))
det_a = sv.Detections(xyxy=xyxy_a, mask=cm, class_id=np.array([0]))
# Dense detections from a different source.
masks_b = np.zeros((1, H, W), dtype=bool)
masks_b[0, 200:400, 500:800] = True
xyxy_b = np.array([[500.0, 200.0, 799.0, 399.0]])
det_b = sv.Detections(xyxy=xyxy_b, mask=masks_b, class_id=np.array([1]))
# Output is CompactMask regardless of input order.
merged = sv.Detections.merge([det_a, det_b])
assert isinstance(merged.mask, CompactMask)
assert len(merged) == 2
```
Merge rules:
| Inputs | Output mask type |
| ------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- |
| All `CompactMask` | `CompactMask` |
| Mixed `CompactMask` + dense `ndarray` | `CompactMask` |
| All dense `ndarray` | `ndarray` (backward compatible) |
All `CompactMask` inputs must share the same `image_shape`; mismatches raise `ValueError`.
---
## Performance Notes
These estimates apply to the **parsing and annotation stage**, not end-to-end pipeline FPS. Model inference typically dominates total runtime.
| Optimisation | Realistic gain | Applies when |
| ---------------------------- | -------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `from_coco_rle` ingestion | 25–60% faster parse | Full-frame COCO RLE payload; current dense decode path |
| `MaskAnnotator` ROI blending | 10–35% faster annotation | Many small, sparse masks on high-res frames |
| `PolygonAnnotator` crop path | 15–45% faster polygon draw | Many compact masks; full-frame materialise was the bottleneck |
| Mixed-mask merge | 5–20% faster merge | Mix of compact and dense sources (e.g. multi-camera stitch) |
Upper-end gains assume: ≥1080p frames, tens to hundreds of instances, masks covering less than ~20% of total pixels.
---
## API Reference
- [CompactMask][supervision.detection.compact_mask.CompactMask]
- [CompactMask.from_coco_rle][supervision.detection.compact_mask.CompactMask.from_coco_rle]
- [CompactMask.from_dense][supervision.detection.compact_mask.CompactMask.from_dense]
- [Detections.from_inference][supervision.detection.core.Detections.from_inference]
- [Detections.to_compact_masks][supervision.detection.core.Detections.to_compact_masks]
- [Detections.merge][supervision.detection.core.Detections.merge]
- [BaseAnnotator.requires_mask][supervision.annotators.base.BaseAnnotator]
+19 -24
View File
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ comments: true
hide:
- navigation
- toc
description: Open-source Python library providing computer vision tools for annotating detections, tracking objects, counting in zones, and processing datasets.
---
<div class="md-typeset">
@@ -24,14 +23,6 @@ description: Open-source Python library providing computer vision tools for anno
}
</style>
## What is Supervision?
Supervision is an open-source Python library by Roboflow for building computer vision applications. It provides a unified `Detections` object with converters for supported outputs from Ultralytics, Roboflow Inference, Transformers, SAM, Detectron2, MMDetection, YOLO-NAS, PaddleDet, NCNN, Azure AI Vision, and VLM parsers.
With Supervision you can annotate images and video with bounding boxes, masks, and labels; track objects across frames with persistent IDs; count and filter detections inside polygon zones; load and convert datasets between YOLO, COCO, and Pascal VOC formats; and benchmark model performance with mAP and confusion matrices.
Supervision is MIT licensed, has 38,000+ GitHub stars, and over 1 million monthly PyPI downloads. It is developed in public on GitHub for production computer vision workflows.
## 👋 Hello
We write your reusable computer vision tools. Whether you need to load your dataset from your hard drive, draw detections on an image or video, or count how many detections are in a zone. You can count on us!
@@ -45,29 +36,36 @@ We write your reusable computer vision tools. Whether you need to load your data
## 💻 Install
You can install `supervision` in a [**Python>=3.10**](https://www.python.org/) environment.
You can install `supervision` in a
[**Python>=3.9**](https://www.python.org/) environment.
!!! example "Installation"
=== "pip (recommended)"
[![version](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision) [![downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/supervision)](https://pypistats.org/packages/supervision) [![license](https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/supervision)](../LICENSE.md) [![python-version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/supervision)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
[![version](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
[![downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/supervision)](https://pypistats.org/packages/supervision)
[![license](https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/supervision)](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/main/LICENSE.md)
[![python-version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/supervision)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
```bash
pip install supervision
```
=== "poetry"
[![version](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision) [![downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/supervision)](https://pypistats.org/packages/supervision) [![license](https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/supervision)](../LICENSE.md) [![python-version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/supervision)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
[![version](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
[![downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/supervision)](https://pypistats.org/packages/supervision)
[![license](https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/supervision)](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/main/LICENSE.md)
[![python-version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/supervision)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
```bash
poetry add supervision
```
=== "uv"
[![version](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision) [![downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/supervision)](https://pypistats.org/packages/supervision) [![license](https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/supervision)](../LICENSE.md) [![python-version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/supervision)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
[![version](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
[![downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/supervision)](https://pypistats.org/packages/supervision)
[![license](https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/supervision)](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/main/LICENSE.md)
[![python-version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/supervision)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
```bash
uv pip install supervision
@@ -80,17 +78,18 @@ You can install `supervision` in a [**Python>=3.10**](https://www.python.org/) e
```
=== "rye"
[![version](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision) [![downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/supervision)](https://pypistats.org/packages/supervision) [![license](https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/supervision)](../LICENSE.md) [![python-version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/supervision)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
[![version](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
[![downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/supervision)](https://pypistats.org/packages/supervision)
[![license](https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/supervision)](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/main/LICENSE.md)
[![python-version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/supervision)](https://badge.fury.io/py/supervision)
```bash
rye add supervision
```
!!! example "conda/mamba install"
=== "conda"
[![conda-recipe](https://img.shields.io/badge/recipe-supervision-green.svg)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/supervision) [![conda-downloads](https://img.shields.io/conda/dn/conda-forge/supervision.svg)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/supervision) [![conda-version](https://img.shields.io/conda/vn/conda-forge/supervision.svg)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/supervision) [![conda-platforms](https://img.shields.io/conda/pn/conda-forge/supervision.svg)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/supervision)
```bash
@@ -98,7 +97,6 @@ You can install `supervision` in a [**Python>=3.10**](https://www.python.org/) e
```
=== "mamba"
[![mamba-recipe](https://img.shields.io/badge/recipe-supervision-green.svg)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/supervision) [![mamba-downloads](https://img.shields.io/conda/dn/conda-forge/supervision.svg)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/supervision) [![mamba-version](https://img.shields.io/conda/vn/conda-forge/supervision.svg)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/supervision) [![mamba-platforms](https://img.shields.io/conda/pn/conda-forge/supervision.svg)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/supervision)
```bash
@@ -106,9 +104,7 @@ You can install `supervision` in a [**Python>=3.10**](https://www.python.org/) e
```
!!! example "git clone (for development)"
=== "virtualenv"
```bash
# clone repository and navigate to root directory
git clone --depth 1 -b develop https://github.com/roboflow/supervision.git
@@ -124,7 +120,6 @@ You can install `supervision` in a [**Python>=3.10**](https://www.python.org/) e
```
=== "uv"
```bash
# clone repository and navigate to root directory
git clone --depth 1 -b develop https://github.com/roboflow/supervision.git
-197
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@@ -1,197 +0,0 @@
/**
* Custom copy handler for Python console (pycon) code blocks.
* Strips >>> and ... prompts when copying code examples.
*/
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function () {
const COPY_BUTTON_SELECTOR = ".md-clipboard, .md-code__button";
function handleCopyButtonClick(event) {
const copyButton = event.target.closest(COPY_BUTTON_SELECTOR);
if (!copyButton) return;
const codeBlock = findCodeBlockForCopyButton(copyButton);
if (!codeBlock) return;
const rawText = codeBlock.textContent || "";
if (!shouldStripPrompts(codeBlock, rawText)) return;
const strippedText = stripPythonPrompts(rawText);
primeClipboardButton(copyButton, strippedText);
}
function handleCopyButtonPointerDown(event) {
const copyButton = event.target.closest(COPY_BUTTON_SELECTOR);
if (!copyButton) return;
const codeBlock = findCodeBlockForCopyButton(copyButton);
if (!codeBlock) return;
const rawText = codeBlock.textContent || "";
if (!shouldStripPrompts(codeBlock, rawText)) return;
const strippedText = stripPythonPrompts(rawText);
primeClipboardButton(copyButton, strippedText);
}
function handleSelectionCopy(event) {
const selection = window.getSelection();
if (!selection || selection.rangeCount === 0) return;
const range = selection.getRangeAt(0);
const anchorNode = range.commonAncestorContainer;
const codeBlock =
anchorNode.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE
? anchorNode.closest("code")
: anchorNode.parentElement?.closest("code");
if (!codeBlock) return;
const rawText = selection.toString();
if (!shouldStripPrompts(codeBlock, rawText)) return;
event.preventDefault();
event.stopPropagation();
const strippedText = stripPythonPrompts(rawText);
event.clipboardData?.setData("text/plain", strippedText);
}
function bindCopyButtons(root) {
root
.querySelectorAll(COPY_BUTTON_SELECTOR)
.forEach((button) => {
button.removeEventListener("click", handleCopyButtonClick, true);
button.addEventListener("click", handleCopyButtonClick, true);
button.removeEventListener(
"pointerdown",
handleCopyButtonPointerDown,
true
);
button.addEventListener(
"pointerdown",
handleCopyButtonPointerDown,
true
);
});
}
function observeDynamicCopyButtons() {
const observer = new MutationObserver((mutations) => {
for (const mutation of mutations) {
if (mutation.type !== "childList") continue;
mutation.addedNodes.forEach((node) => {
if (node.nodeType !== Node.ELEMENT_NODE) return;
if (node.matches?.(COPY_BUTTON_SELECTOR)) {
bindCopyButtons(node.parentElement || document);
return;
}
if (node.querySelectorAll) {
const hasButtons = node.querySelectorAll(COPY_BUTTON_SELECTOR);
if (hasButtons.length > 0) {
bindCopyButtons(node);
}
}
});
}
});
observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });
}
document.addEventListener("click", handleCopyButtonClick, true);
document.addEventListener("pointerdown", handleCopyButtonPointerDown, true);
document.addEventListener("copy", handleSelectionCopy, true);
bindCopyButtons(document);
observeDynamicCopyButtons();
});
function primeClipboardButton(copyButton, strippedText) {
copyButton.setAttribute("data-clipboard-text", strippedText);
copyButton.removeAttribute("data-clipboard-target");
copyButton.setAttribute("data-md-clipboard", "true");
}
function shouldStripPrompts(codeBlock, rawText) {
const hasReplPrompts = /(^|\n)[ \t]*(>>>|\.\.\.)/.test(rawText);
return (
hasReplPrompts ||
codeBlock.classList.contains("language-pycon") ||
codeBlock.closest("pre")?.classList.contains("pycon") ||
codeBlock.closest(".pycon") !== null ||
codeBlock.closest(".highlight")?.classList.contains("pycon")
);
}
function findCodeBlockForCopyButton(copyButton) {
const targetSelector = copyButton.getAttribute("data-clipboard-target");
if (targetSelector) {
const target = document.querySelector(targetSelector);
const targetCode = target?.querySelector?.("code") || target;
if (targetCode?.tagName?.toLowerCase() === "code") {
return targetCode;
}
}
return (
copyButton.closest("pre")?.querySelector("code") ||
copyButton.parentElement?.querySelector("pre code") ||
copyButton
.closest(".highlight, .codehilite, .md-typeset__scrollwrap, .md-typeset")
?.querySelector("pre code") ||
copyButton
.closest(".highlight, .codehilite, .md-typeset__scrollwrap, .md-typeset")
?.querySelector("code")
);
}
/**
* Strips Python REPL prompts (>>> and ...) from code text.
* Also removes output lines (lines that don't start with >>> or ...).
*
* NOTE: This is a best-effort parser. It preserves unprompted lines inside
* triple-quoted strings, but it does not fully model Python's tokenizer.
*/
function stripPythonPrompts(text) {
const lines = text.split("\n");
const codeLines = [];
let inTripleQuotedString = false;
function toggleTripleQuoteState(sourceLine) {
const tripleQuotePattern = /("""|''')/g;
const matches = sourceLine.match(tripleQuotePattern);
if (!matches) return;
if (matches.length % 2 === 1) {
inTripleQuotedString = !inTripleQuotedString;
}
}
for (const line of lines) {
const trimmedLine = line.trimEnd();
// Primary prompt: ">>> "
if (trimmedLine.startsWith(">>> ")) {
const stripped = trimmedLine.slice(4);
codeLines.push(stripped);
toggleTripleQuoteState(stripped);
}
// Continuation prompt: "... "
else if (trimmedLine.startsWith("... ")) {
const stripped = trimmedLine.slice(4);
codeLines.push(stripped);
toggleTripleQuoteState(stripped);
}
// Handle prompts without space after (edge case)
else if (trimmedLine === ">>>") {
codeLines.push("");
}
else if (trimmedLine === "...") {
codeLines.push("");
}
else if (inTripleQuotedString) {
codeLines.push(trimmedLine);
toggleTripleQuoteState(trimmedLine);
}
// Skip output lines (lines that don't start with prompts)
// This intentionally excludes output like "1.0" from the copied text
}
return codeLines.join("\n").trim();
}
+12 -87
View File
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ comments: true
vertex_annotator = sv.VertexAnnotator(
color=sv.Color.GREEN,
radius=10,
radius=10
)
annotated_frame = vertex_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
key_points=key_points,
key_points=key_points
)
```
@@ -38,11 +38,11 @@ comments: true
edge_annotator = sv.EdgeAnnotator(
color=sv.Color.GREEN,
thickness=5,
thickness=5
)
annotated_frame = edge_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
key_points=key_points,
key_points=key_points
)
```
@@ -63,11 +63,11 @@ comments: true
vertex_label_annotator = sv.VertexLabelAnnotator(
color=sv.Color.GREEN,
text_color=sv.Color.BLACK,
border_radius=5,
border_radius=5
)
annotated_frame = vertex_label_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
key_points=key_points,
key_points=key_points
)
```
@@ -77,95 +77,20 @@ comments: true
</div>
=== "VertexEllipseAreaAnnotator"
```python
import supervision as sv
image = ...
key_points = sv.KeyPoints(...)
area_annotator = sv.VertexEllipseAreaAnnotator(
color=sv.Color.GREEN,
sigma=2.0,
)
annotated_frame = area_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
key_points=key_points,
)
```
`sv.VertexEllipseAnnotator` is a compatibility alias for `sv.VertexEllipseAreaAnnotator`.
=== "VertexEllipseOutlineAnnotator"
```python
import supervision as sv
image = ...
key_points = sv.KeyPoints(...)
outline_annotator = sv.VertexEllipseOutlineAnnotator(
color=sv.Color.GREEN,
sigma=2.0,
thickness=2,
)
annotated_frame = outline_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
key_points=key_points,
)
```
=== "VertexEllipseHaloAnnotator"
```python
import supervision as sv
image = ...
key_points = sv.KeyPoints(...)
halo_annotator = sv.VertexEllipseHaloAnnotator(
color=sv.Color.GREEN,
sigma=2.0,
)
annotated_frame = halo_annotator.annotate(
scene=image.copy(),
key_points=key_points,
)
```
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexAnnotator">VertexAnnotator</a></h2>
<h2><a href="#supervision.keypoint.annotators.VertexAnnotator">VertexAnnotator</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexAnnotator
:::supervision.keypoint.annotators.VertexAnnotator
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.key_points.annotators.EdgeAnnotator">EdgeAnnotator</a></h2>
<h2><a href="#supervision.keypoint.annotators.EdgeAnnotator">EdgeAnnotator</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.key_points.annotators.EdgeAnnotator
:::supervision.keypoint.annotators.EdgeAnnotator
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexLabelAnnotator">VertexLabelAnnotator</a></h2>
<h2><a href="#supervision.keypoint.annotators.VertexLabelAnnotator">VertexLabelAnnotator</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexLabelAnnotator
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexEllipseAreaAnnotator">VertexEllipseAreaAnnotator</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexEllipseAreaAnnotator
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexEllipseOutlineAnnotator">VertexEllipseOutlineAnnotator</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexEllipseOutlineAnnotator
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexEllipseHaloAnnotator">VertexEllipseHaloAnnotator</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.key_points.annotators.VertexEllipseHaloAnnotator
:::supervision.keypoint.annotators.VertexLabelAnnotator
+2 -1
View File
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
---
comments: true
status: new
---
# Keypoint Detection
:::supervision.key_points.core.KeyPoints
:::supervision.keypoint.core.KeyPoints
-192
View File
@@ -1,192 +0,0 @@
# supervision
> Large-context AI crawler summary for Supervision documentation.
Supervision is an open-source Python library by Roboflow for computer vision workflows. It provides a model-agnostic `Detections` class and composable tools for object detection, instance segmentation, keypoint detection, annotation, tracking, zone counting, dataset conversion, and model evaluation.
Supervision is MIT licensed, published on PyPI, developed on GitHub, and used by researchers and practitioners in production computer vision systems. The library includes converters for supported outputs from Ultralytics, Roboflow Inference, Hugging Face Transformers, SAM, Detectron2, MMDetection, YOLO-NAS, PaddleDet, NCNN, Azure AI Vision, and VLM parsers.
## Primary Links
- Latest stable docs: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/
- Development docs: https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/
- Source code: https://github.com/roboflow/supervision
- PyPI package: https://pypi.org/project/supervision/
- Changelog: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/changelog/
- Sitemap: https://supervision.roboflow.com/sitemap.xml
- Standard LLM summary: https://supervision.roboflow.com/llms.txt
- Full LLM summary: https://supervision.roboflow.com/llms.full.txt
## AI Access
The documentation is static HTML and is open for AI crawler consumption. `robots.txt` explicitly allows general crawlers plus GPTBot, ClaudeBot, PerplexityBot, Bytespider, CCBot, GoogleOther, and Applebot.
## Install
```bash
pip install supervision
```
Optional extras:
```bash
pip install "supervision[metrics]"
```
Sample asset utilities are included in the base package under `supervision.assets`.
## Core Concepts
### `sv.Detections`
`sv.Detections` is the central data structure in Supervision. It stores bounding boxes, segmentation masks, confidence scores, class IDs, tracker IDs, and arbitrary per-detection metadata in a `data` dictionary. It supports NumPy-style indexing for filtering by confidence, class, area, and spatial constraints.
Most connectors, annotators, trackers, dataset tools, and metrics either accept or return `Detections`, which makes it possible to change the upstream model while keeping downstream processing code stable.
### Model Connectors
Supervision normalizes outputs from multiple computer vision frameworks into the same `Detections` API. Common constructors include:
- `sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(...)`
- `sv.Detections.from_inference(...)`
- `sv.Detections.from_transformers(...)`
- `sv.Detections.from_vlm(...)`
- `sv.Detections.from_sam(...)`
- `sv.Detections.from_detectron2(...)`
- `sv.Detections.from_mmdetection(...)`
### Annotation
Supervision includes annotators for drawing boxes, masks, labels, traces, zones, vertices, edges, and other overlays on images and video frames. Common annotators include:
- `sv.BoxAnnotator`
- `sv.MaskAnnotator`
- `sv.LabelAnnotator`
- `sv.TraceAnnotator`
- `sv.PolygonZoneAnnotator`
- `sv.LineZoneAnnotator`
### Tracking
The built-in `sv.ByteTrack` wrapper assigns persistent IDs across video frames through `update_with_detections()`. The docs also note the migration path toward `ByteTrackTracker` from the external `trackers` package. Tracked detections can be passed to label, trace, zone, and line-counting annotators.
### Zones and Counting
`sv.PolygonZone` checks whether detections are inside an arbitrary polygon. `sv.LineZone` counts line crossings and requires `detections.tracker_id` so objects can be matched across frames. These tools are typically used with video callbacks and annotators to build traffic, occupancy, queue, and throughput analytics.
### Datasets
`sv.DetectionDataset` loads, merges, splits, and converts object detection datasets. Supported formats include YOLO, COCO JSON, Pascal VOC, and LabelMe. `sv.ClassificationDataset` supports folder-structured classification datasets.
### Metrics
Supervision includes detection metrics including mean average precision, mean average recall, precision, recall, F1 score, and confusion matrices. The current mAP workflow uses `supervision.metrics.mean_average_precision.MeanAveragePrecision` with `update(...)` and `compute()`.
## How-To Guides
- Detect and annotate: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/detect_and_annotate/
- Track objects: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/track_objects/
- Detect small objects: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/detect_small_objects/
- Filter detections: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/filter_detections/
- Save detections: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/save_detections/
- Count in zone: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/count_in_zone/
- Benchmark a model: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/benchmark_a_model/
- Process datasets: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/process_datasets/
## Reference Documentation
- Detections: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/
- Detection annotators: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/
- Compact masks: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/compact_mask/
- Detection converters: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/converters/
- IoU and NMS: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/iou_and_nms/
- Boxes: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/boxes/
- Masks: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/masks/
- Polygons: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/polygons/
- Vision-language model helpers: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/vlms/
- Keypoint core: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/keypoint/core/
- Keypoint annotators: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/keypoint/annotators/
- Classification core: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/classification/core/
- Trackers: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/trackers/
- Dataset core: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/
- Mean average precision: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/mean_average_precision/
- Mean average recall: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/mean_average_recall/
- Precision: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/precision/
- Recall: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/recall/
- F1 score: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/f1_score/
- Common metric values: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/common_values/
- Line zone: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/line_zone/
- Polygon zone: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/polygon_zone/
- Inference slicer: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/
- Detection smoother: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/smoother/
- Detection export sinks: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/
- Video utilities: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/video/
- Image utilities: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/image/
- Iterable utilities: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/iterables/
- Notebook utilities: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/notebook/
- File utilities: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/file/
- Draw utilities: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/draw/
- Geometry utilities: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/geometry/
- Assets: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/assets/
## Cookbooks
- Supervision quickstart: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/notebooks/quickstart/
- Count objects crossing the line: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/notebooks/count-objects-crossing-the-line/
- Object tracking: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/notebooks/object-tracking/
- Small object detection with SAHI: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/notebooks/small-object-detection-with-sahi/
- Zero-shot object detection with YOLO-World: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/notebooks/zero-shot-object-detection-with-yolo-world/
- Save detections to CSV: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/notebooks/serialise-detections-to-csv/
- Save detections to JSON: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/notebooks/serialise-detections-to-json/
- Occupancy analytics: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/notebooks/occupancy_analytics/
- Annotate video with detections: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/notebooks/annotate-video-with-detections/
## Trust and Contact Pages
- About: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/about/
- Contact: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/contact/
- FAQ: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/faq/
- License: https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/develop/LICENSE.md
- Issues: https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/issues
- Community: https://discord.gg/GbfgXGJ8Bk
## Frequently Asked Questions
### What is Supervision?
Supervision is an open-source Python library by Roboflow for computer vision workflows. It provides a unified `Detections` class with converters for supported detection, segmentation, and VLM outputs.
### Is Supervision tied to one model provider?
No. Supervision is model agnostic. It is designed to normalize model outputs into a common API so downstream annotation, filtering, tracking, metrics, and dataset code can be reused.
### What dataset formats are supported?
For object detection datasets, Supervision supports YOLO, COCO JSON, Pascal VOC, and LabelMe import and export. For classification datasets, it supports folder-structure import and export.
### How do I detect small objects?
Use `sv.InferenceSlicer` to split large images into overlapping tiles, run inference on each tile, and merge the resulting detections with non-maximum suppression or non-maximum merge.
### How do I count objects crossing a line?
Run a tracker first to assign `detections.tracker_id`, then use `sv.LineZone.trigger(detections)` to calculate crossing events. Use `sv.LineZoneAnnotator` for visualization.
### How do I benchmark a model?
Load predictions and ground truth as `Detections`, update a `MeanAveragePrecision` metric object, and call `compute()`. Use `sv.ConfusionMatrix` when class-level confusion analysis is needed.
## Citation
```bibtex
@software{supervision,
author = {Roboflow},
title = {Supervision: Computer Vision Toolkit},
url = {https://github.com/roboflow/supervision},
year = {2023}
}
```
## Versioning
`/develop/` is built from the `develop` branch. `/latest/` is built from the `release/latest` branch. Published releases build tag-only documentation paths and do not move `/latest/`.
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# supervision
> Open-source Python library for computer vision — annotate, track, count, filter, and convert.
Supervision is a Python library by Roboflow that provides a model-agnostic `Detections` class and composable tools for object detection and segmentation workflows. It includes converters for supported outputs from Ultralytics, Roboflow Inference, Hugging Face Transformers, SAM, Detectron2, MMDetection, YOLO-NAS, PaddleDet, NCNN, Azure AI Vision, and VLM parsers.
Supervision is MIT licensed, published on PyPI, and developed in public on GitHub.
## AI Access
The documentation is static HTML and open for AI consumption. `robots.txt` explicitly allows general crawlers plus selected AI crawlers.
- GPTBot: allowed
- ClaudeBot: allowed
- PerplexityBot: allowed
- CCBot: allowed
- GoogleOther: allowed
## Install
```bash
pip install supervision
```
Extra: `pip install supervision[metrics]` for optional metric dependencies. Sample asset utilities are included in the base package under `supervision.assets`.
## Links
- GitHub: https://github.com/roboflow/supervision
- PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/supervision
- Docs (latest stable): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/
- Docs (develop): https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/
- Changelog: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/changelog/
- Sitemap: https://supervision.roboflow.com/sitemap.xml
## Key APIs
### sv.Detections
Core data structure for bounding boxes, masks, confidence scores, class IDs, tracker IDs, and arbitrary per-detection metadata stored in a `data` dict. The lingua franca of the entire library — every connector, annotator, and tracker accepts or returns `Detections`. Supports NumPy-style boolean indexing for filtering by class, confidence, area, and spatial regions.
### sv.BoxAnnotator, sv.MaskAnnotator, sv.LabelAnnotator
Draw bounding boxes, segmentation masks, and text labels on images. Annotators expose `annotate(scene=..., detections=...)`; pass an input image and a `Detections` object to get the annotated output. `LabelAnnotator` can use explicit `labels` or fall back to `detections["class_name"]`, class IDs, then detection indices. Colors can be assigned by class or manually specified.
### sv.ByteTrack
Object tracker wrapper that assigns persistent IDs across video frames. The built-in `sv.ByteTrack` accepts `Detections` via `update_with_detections()`, but it is deprecated in favor of `ByteTrackTracker` from the external `trackers` package, where the method is named `update()`. Use tracked `Detections` with `sv.TraceAnnotator` to visualize trajectories.
### sv.PolygonZone and sv.LineZone
Zone-based counting. `PolygonZone.trigger(detections)` returns a boolean mask for detections currently inside an arbitrary polygon. `LineZone.trigger(detections)` returns `(crossed_in, crossed_out)` arrays for line crossings and requires `detections.tracker_id` so objects can be matched across frames. Both are commonly paired with zone annotators for visualization.
### sv.DetectionDataset and sv.ClassificationDataset
For detection datasets, load, merge, split, and convert between YOLO, COCO JSON, Pascal VOC, and LabelMe formats. Classification datasets use folder-structure import and export via `ClassificationDataset.from_folder_structure()` and `as_folder_structure()`.
### sv.InferenceSlicer
SAHI-style inference slicing: split high-resolution images into overlapping tiles, run detection on each tile, merge results with non-maximum suppression or non-maximum merge. Configure tile overlap in pixels with `overlap_wh`.
### supervision.metrics.MeanAveragePrecision and sv.ConfusionMatrix
Benchmarking tools. For mAP@0.5:0.95, use `supervision.metrics.MeanAveragePrecision` with `update()` and `compute()` rather than the deprecated top-level `sv.MeanAveragePrecision.from_detections()`. `ConfusionMatrix.from_detections(predictions=predictions, targets=targets, classes=classes)` generates a confusion matrix for detection results.
### sv.CSVSink and sv.JSONSink
Export detection results to structured files. Use `CSVSink` and `JSONSink` as context managers, call `sink.append(detections, custom_data=...)`, and they write one row/object per detection with box coordinates, confidence, class ID, tracker ID, and data fields.
## How-To Guides
- Detect and annotate: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/detect_and_annotate/
- Track objects: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/track_objects/
- Detect small objects: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/detect_small_objects/
- Filter detections: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/filter_detections/
- Save detections: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/save_detections/
- Count in zone: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/count_in_zone/
- Benchmark a model: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/benchmark_a_model/
- Process datasets: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/process_datasets/
## Reference Documentation
- Detections (detection/core): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/
- Annotators (detection/annotators): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/
- CompactMask (detection/compact_mask): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/compact_mask/
- Format Converters (detection/utils/converters): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/converters/
- IoU and NMS (detection/utils/iou_and_nms): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/iou_and_nms/
- Boxes (detection/utils/boxes): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/boxes/
- Masks (detection/utils/masks): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/masks/
- Polygons (detection/utils/polygons): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/polygons/
- VLMs (detection/utils/vlms): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/vlms/
- Keypoint Core (keypoint/core): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/keypoint/core/
- Keypoint Annotators (keypoint/annotators): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/keypoint/annotators/
- Classification Core (classification/core): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/classification/core/
- ByteTrack Tracker (trackers): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/trackers/
- Datasets Core (datasets/core): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/
- mAP (metrics/mean_average_precision): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/mean_average_precision/
- mAR (metrics/mean_average_recall): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/mean_average_recall/
- Precision (metrics/precision): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/precision/
- Recall (metrics/recall): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/recall/
- F1 Score (metrics/f1_score): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/f1_score/
- Common Values (metrics/common_values): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/common_values/
- Line Zone (detection/tools/line_zone): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/line_zone/
- Polygon Zone (detection/tools/polygon_zone): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/polygon_zone/
- Inference Slicer (detection/tools/inference_slicer): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/
- Detection Smoother (detection/tools/smoother): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/smoother/
- Save Detections Tool (detection/tools/save_detections): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/
- Video Utils (utils/video): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/video/
- Image Utils (utils/image): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/image/
- Iterable Utils (utils/iterables): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/iterables/
- Notebook Utils (utils/notebook): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/notebook/
- File Utils (utils/file): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/file/
- Draw Utils (utils/draw): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/draw/
- Geometry (utils/geometry): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/geometry/
- Assets (assets): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/assets/
## Cookbooks
- Object tracking: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/cookbooks/#object-tracking
- Count objects crossing line: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/cookbooks/#count-objects-crossing-the-line
- Zero-shot object detection with YOLO-World: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/cookbooks/#zero-shot-object-detection-with-yolo-world
- SAHI small object detection: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/cookbooks/#small-object-detection-with-sahi
## FAQ
### What is supervision?
Supervision is an open-source Python library by Roboflow for computer vision workflows. It provides a unified `Detections` class with converters for supported detection, segmentation, and VLM outputs, plus tools for annotation, tracking, zone counting, dataset management, and model benchmarking.
### How do I install supervision?
Install with `pip install supervision`. For optional metric dependencies use `pip install supervision[metrics]`. Sample asset utilities are included in the base package under `supervision.assets`. The current package metadata requires Python 3.10+.
### What can I do with supervision?
Annotate images and video with bounding boxes, masks, and labels; track objects across frames with persistent IDs; count detections inside polygon zones or line crossings; filter and query detection results; load, split, and convert detection datasets between YOLO, COCO, Pascal VOC, and LabelMe formats; manage classification datasets with folder structures; and benchmark model performance with mAP and confusion matrices.
### Is supervision free to use?
Yes. Supervision is free and open-source under the MIT license. Source code is at https://github.com/roboflow/supervision.
### Which object detection models work with supervision?
Supervision is model-agnostic and works with supported outputs from Ultralytics YOLO, Roboflow Inference, Hugging Face Transformers, SAM, Detectron2, MMDetection, YOLO-NAS, PaddleDet, NCNN, Azure AI Vision, and VLM parsers such as Florence-2, PaliGemma, Qwen VL, Gemini, DeepSeek VL 2, and Moondream. Keypoint outputs have separate converters, including MediaPipe.
### How do I benchmark a model with supervision?
Use `supervision.metrics.mean_average_precision.MeanAveragePrecision` for mAP — accumulate predictions and ground truth with `update(...)` then call `compute()`. For confusion matrices, use `sv.ConfusionMatrix.from_detections(predictions=predictions, targets=targets, classes=classes)`. See the Benchmark a Model how-to guide for a complete walkthrough.
### How do I track objects across video frames?
Use a tracker to assign persistent IDs. The built-in `sv.ByteTrack` wrapper accepts `Detections` with `update_with_detections()`, but it is deprecated in favor of `ByteTrackTracker` from the external `trackers` package. Combine tracked detections with `sv.TraceAnnotator` to visualize trajectories.
### What dataset formats does supervision support?
For detection datasets, supervision supports YOLO, COCO JSON, Pascal VOC, and LabelMe. Use `DetectionDataset.from_yolo()`, `from_coco()`, `from_pascal_voc()`, or `from_labelme()` to load, and `as_yolo()`, `as_coco()`, `as_pascal_voc()`, or `as_labelme()` to save. For classification datasets, use `ClassificationDataset.from_folder_structure()` and `as_folder_structure()`.
### How do I count objects in a zone?
Use `sv.PolygonZone` for arbitrary polygon zones. Use `sv.LineZone` for line-crossing counts after assigning tracker IDs, because `LineZone` needs `detections.tracker_id` to match objects across frames.
### How do I detect small objects with supervision?
Use `sv.InferenceSlicer` to split high-resolution images into overlapping tiles, run detection on each tile, and merge results with non-maximum suppression. Configure tile overlap in pixels with `overlap_wh`. See the Detect Small Objects how-to guide.
## Benchmarking
Supervision includes `supervision.metrics.MeanAveragePrecision` and `sv.ConfusionMatrix` for benchmarking object detection models. A curated [Model Leaderboard](https://leaderboard.roboflow.com/) compares YOLOv8, YOLOv11, and other models on standard datasets. The leaderboard repository is open source at https://github.com/roboflow/model-leaderboard.
## License
MIT — https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/develop/LICENSE.md
## Citation
```bibtex
@software{supervision,
author = {Roboflow},
title = {Supervision: Computer Vision Toolkit},
url = {https://github.com/roboflow/supervision},
year = {2023}
}
```
## Versioning
Stable release docs: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/
Development branch: https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/
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# supervision
> Open-source Python library for computer vision — annotate, track, count, filter, and convert.
Supervision is a Python library by Roboflow that provides a model-agnostic `Detections` class and composable tools for object detection and segmentation workflows. It includes converters for supported outputs from Ultralytics, Roboflow Inference, Hugging Face Transformers, SAM, Detectron2, MMDetection, YOLO-NAS, PaddleDet, NCNN, Azure AI Vision, and VLM parsers.
Supervision is MIT licensed, published on PyPI, and developed in public on GitHub.
## AI Access
The documentation is static HTML and open for AI consumption. `robots.txt` explicitly allows general crawlers plus selected AI crawlers.
- GPTBot: allowed
- ClaudeBot: allowed
- PerplexityBot: allowed
- CCBot: allowed
- GoogleOther: allowed
## Install
```
pip install supervision
```
Extra: `pip install supervision[metrics]` for optional metric dependencies. Sample asset utilities are included in the base package under `supervision.assets`.
## Links
- GitHub: https://github.com/roboflow/supervision
- PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/supervision
- Docs (latest stable): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/
- Changelog: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/changelog/
- Sitemap: https://supervision.roboflow.com/sitemap.xml
## Key APIs
### sv.Detections
Core data structure for bounding boxes, masks, confidence scores, class IDs, tracker IDs, and arbitrary per-detection metadata stored in a `data` dict. The lingua franca of the entire library — every connector, annotator, and tracker accepts or returns `Detections`. Supports NumPy-style boolean indexing for filtering by class, confidence, area, and spatial regions.
### sv.BoxAnnotator, sv.MaskAnnotator, sv.LabelAnnotator
Draw bounding boxes, segmentation masks, and text labels on images. Annotators expose `annotate(scene=..., detections=...)`; pass an input image and a `Detections` object to get the annotated output. `LabelAnnotator` can use explicit `labels` or fall back to `detections["class_name"]`, class IDs, then detection indices. Colors can be assigned by class or manually specified.
### sv.ByteTrack
Object tracker wrapper that assigns persistent IDs across video frames. The built-in `sv.ByteTrack` accepts `Detections` via `update_with_detections()`, but it is deprecated in favor of `ByteTrackTracker` from the external `trackers` package, where the method is named `update()`. Use tracked `Detections` with `sv.TraceAnnotator` to visualize trajectories.
### sv.PolygonZone and sv.LineZone
Zone-based counting. `PolygonZone.trigger(detections)` returns a boolean mask for detections currently inside an arbitrary polygon. `LineZone.trigger(detections)` returns `(crossed_in, crossed_out)` arrays for line crossings and requires `detections.tracker_id` so objects can be matched across frames. Both are commonly paired with zone annotators for visualization.
### sv.DetectionDataset and sv.ClassificationDataset
For detection datasets, load, merge, split, and convert between YOLO, COCO JSON, Pascal VOC, CreateML, and LabelMe formats. Classification datasets use folder-structure import and export via `ClassificationDataset.from_folder_structure()` and `as_folder_structure()`.
### sv.InferenceSlicer
SAHI-style inference slicing: split high-resolution images into overlapping tiles, run detection on each tile, merge results with non-maximum suppression or non-maximum merge. Configure tile overlap in pixels with `overlap_wh`.
### supervision.metrics.MeanAveragePrecision and sv.ConfusionMatrix
Benchmarking tools. For mAP@0.5:0.95, use `supervision.metrics.MeanAveragePrecision` with `update()` and `compute()` rather than the deprecated top-level `sv.MeanAveragePrecision.from_detections()`. `ConfusionMatrix.from_detections(predictions=predictions, targets=targets, classes=classes)` generates a confusion matrix for detection results.
### sv.CSVSink and sv.JSONSink
Export detection results to structured files. Use `CSVSink` and `JSONSink` as context managers, call `sink.append(detections, custom_data=...)`, and they write one row/object per detection with box coordinates, confidence, class ID, tracker ID, and data fields.
## How-To Guides
- Detect and annotate: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/detect_and_annotate/
- Track objects: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/track_objects/
- Detect small objects: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/detect_small_objects/
- Filter detections: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/filter_detections/
- Save detections: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/save_detections/
- Count in zone: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/count_in_zone/
- Benchmark a model: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/benchmark_a_model/
- Process datasets: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/process_datasets/
## Reference Documentation
- Detections (detection/core): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/core/
- Annotators (detection/annotators): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/
- CompactMask (detection/compact_mask): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/compact_mask/
- Format Converters (detection/utils/converters): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/converters/
- IoU and NMS (detection/utils/iou_and_nms): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/iou_and_nms/
- Boxes (detection/utils/boxes): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/boxes/
- Masks (detection/utils/masks): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/masks/
- Polygons (detection/utils/polygons): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/polygons/
- VLMs (detection/utils/vlms): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/utils/vlms/
- Keypoint Core (keypoint/core): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/keypoint/core/
- Keypoint Annotators (keypoint/annotators): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/keypoint/annotators/
- Classification Core (classification/core): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/classification/core/
- ByteTrack Tracker (trackers): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/trackers/
- Datasets Core (datasets/core): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/datasets/core/
- mAP (metrics/mean_average_precision): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/mean_average_precision/
- mAR (metrics/mean_average_recall): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/mean_average_recall/
- Precision (metrics/precision): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/precision/
- Recall (metrics/recall): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/recall/
- F1 Score (metrics/f1_score): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/f1_score/
- Common Values (metrics/common_values): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/metrics/common_values/
- Line Zone (detection/tools/line_zone): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/line_zone/
- Polygon Zone (detection/tools/polygon_zone): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/polygon_zone/
- Inference Slicer (detection/tools/inference_slicer): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/inference_slicer/
- Detection Smoother (detection/tools/smoother): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/smoother/
- Save Detections Tool (detection/tools/save_detections): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/tools/save_detections/
- Video Utils (utils/video): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/video/
- Image Utils (utils/image): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/image/
- Iterable Utils (utils/iterables): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/iterables/
- Notebook Utils (utils/notebook): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/notebook/
- File Utils (utils/file): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/file/
- Draw Utils (utils/draw): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/draw/
- Geometry (utils/geometry): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/utils/geometry/
- Assets (assets): https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/assets/
## Cookbooks
- Object tracking: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/cookbooks/#object-tracking
- Count objects crossing line: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/cookbooks/#count-objects-crossing-the-line
- Zero-shot object detection with YOLO-World: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/cookbooks/#zero-shot-object-detection-with-yolo-world
- SAHI small object detection: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/cookbooks/#small-object-detection-with-sahi
## FAQ
### What is supervision?
Supervision is an open-source Python library by Roboflow for computer vision workflows. It provides a unified `Detections` class with converters for supported detection, segmentation, and VLM outputs, plus tools for annotation, tracking, zone counting, dataset management, and model benchmarking.
### How do I install supervision?
Install with `pip install supervision`. For optional metric dependencies use `pip install supervision[metrics]`. Sample asset utilities are included in the base package under `supervision.assets`. The current package metadata requires Python 3.10+.
### What can I do with supervision?
Annotate images and video with bounding boxes, masks, and labels; track objects across frames with persistent IDs; count detections inside polygon zones or line crossings; filter and query detection results; load, split, and convert detection datasets between YOLO, COCO, Pascal VOC, and LabelMe formats; manage classification datasets with folder structures; and benchmark model performance with mAP and confusion matrices.
### Is supervision free to use?
Yes. Supervision is free and open-source under the MIT license. Source code is at https://github.com/roboflow/supervision.
### Which object detection models work with supervision?
Supervision is model-agnostic and works with supported outputs from Ultralytics YOLO, Roboflow Inference, Hugging Face Transformers, SAM, Detectron2, MMDetection, YOLO-NAS, PaddleDet, NCNN, Azure AI Vision, and VLM parsers such as Florence-2, PaliGemma, Qwen VL, Gemini, DeepSeek VL 2, and Moondream. Keypoint outputs have separate converters, including MediaPipe.
### How do I benchmark a model with supervision?
Use `supervision.metrics.mean_average_precision.MeanAveragePrecision` for mAP — accumulate predictions and ground truth with `update(...)` then call `compute()`. For confusion matrices, use `sv.ConfusionMatrix.from_detections(predictions=predictions, targets=targets, classes=classes)`. See the Benchmark a Model how-to guide for a complete walkthrough.
### How do I track objects across video frames?
Use a tracker to assign persistent IDs. The built-in `sv.ByteTrack` wrapper accepts `Detections` with `update_with_detections()`, but it is deprecated in favor of `ByteTrackTracker` from the external `trackers` package. Combine tracked detections with `sv.TraceAnnotator` to visualize trajectories.
### What dataset formats does supervision support?
For detection datasets, supervision supports YOLO, COCO JSON, Pascal VOC, CreateML, and LabelMe. Use `DetectionDataset.from_yolo()`, `from_coco()`, `from_pascal_voc()`, `from_createml()`, or `from_labelme()` to load, and `as_yolo()`, `as_coco()`, `as_pascal_voc()`, `as_createml()`, or `as_labelme()` to save. For classification datasets, use `ClassificationDataset.from_folder_structure()` and `as_folder_structure()`.
### How do I count objects in a zone?
Use `sv.PolygonZone` for arbitrary polygon zones. Use `sv.LineZone` for line-crossing counts after assigning tracker IDs, because `LineZone` needs `detections.tracker_id` to match objects across frames.
### How do I detect small objects with supervision?
Use `sv.InferenceSlicer` to split high-resolution images into overlapping tiles, run detection on each tile, and merge results with non-maximum suppression. Configure tile overlap in pixels with `overlap_wh`. See the Detect Small Objects how-to guide.
## Benchmarking
Supervision includes `supervision.metrics.MeanAveragePrecision` and `sv.ConfusionMatrix` for benchmarking object detection models. A curated [Model Leaderboard](https://leaderboard.roboflow.com/) compares YOLOv8, YOLOv11, and other models on standard datasets. The leaderboard repository is open source at https://github.com/roboflow/model-leaderboard.
## License
MIT — https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/develop/LICENSE.md
## Citation
```bibtex
@software{supervision,
author = {Roboflow},
title = {Supervision: Computer Vision Toolkit},
url = {https://github.com/roboflow/supervision},
year = {2023}
}
```
## Versioning
Stable release docs: https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/
Development branch: https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/
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This page contains supplementary values, types and enums that metrics use.
Install the metrics extra before using metrics APIs:
```bash
pip install "supervision[metrics]"
```
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.metrics.core.MetricTarget">MetricTarget</a></h2>
</div>
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# F1 Score
Install the metrics extra before using this API:
```bash
pip install "supervision[metrics]"
```
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.metrics.f1_score.F1Score">F1Score</a></h2>
</div>
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---
comments: true
description: API reference for MeanAveragePrecision — compute mAP for object detection benchmarking with boxes, masks, and oriented boxes.
status: new
---
# Mean Average Precision
Install the metrics extra before using this API:
```bash
pip install "supervision[metrics]"
```
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.metrics.mean_average_precision.MeanAveragePrecision">MeanAveragePrecision</a></h2>
</div>
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# Mean Average Recall
Install the metrics extra before using this API:
```bash
pip install "supervision[metrics]"
```
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.metrics.mean_average_recall.MeanAverageRecall">MeanAverageRecall</a></h2>
</div>
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# Precision
Install the metrics extra before using this API:
```bash
pip install "supervision[metrics]"
```
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.metrics.precision.Precision">Precision</a></h2>
</div>
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# Recall
Install the metrics extra before using this API:
```bash
pip install "supervision[metrics]"
```
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.metrics.recall.Recall">Recall</a></h2>
</div>
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{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"id": "jxcxFKy2hRnA"
},
"source": [
"# Blurring Faces\n",
"\n",
"---\n",
"\n",
"[![Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/roboflow/supervision/blob/develop/docs/notebooks/blurring_faces.ipynb)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"id": "FAxD-vAgkadG"
},
"source": [
"Click the `Open in Colab` button to run the cookbook on Google Colab.\n",
"\n",
"## Introduction\n",
"\n",
"In this cookbook we'll use a frame from a video of someone in a supermarket. We'll download this video via the `supervision` assets module. We'll then run inference on this frame using the hosted Roboflow API to fetch detections of faces utilizing an open source face detection model on Roboflow Universe. Finally, we'll use supervision to blur the detected faces."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"id": "o_F-fJGskuz9"
},
"source": [
"## Install packages\n",
"\n",
"Let's quickly install the `supervision` package with the assets module, as well as the roboflow `inference_sdk` with pip. We'll also install `tqdm` to show a progress bar, but this is optional in production code."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {
"id": "c2X8k1opItiO"
},
"outputs": [],
"source": "!pip3 install -q supervision inference tqdm \"Pillow<12\""
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"id": "9xy1jXMrm5iU"
},
"source": [
"## Download Video and Extract Frame\n",
"\n",
"In order to blur a face in a frame, we'll need a frame with a face in it. Let's download a video, and grab a frame in the middle of the video. I played around a little, and found that the 800th frame is great frame for us to test, since the customer is facing the camera. In this code, we're also using tqdm to display a progress bar of our script."
]
},
{
"metadata": {},
"cell_type": "code",
"outputs": [],
"execution_count": null,
"source": [
"import supervision as sv\n",
"\n",
"video = sv.download_assets(sv.VideoAssets.GROCERY_STORE)\n",
"\n",
"# Seek directly to frame 800 using the start parameter (O(1) seek)\n",
"frame = next(sv.get_video_frames_generator(video, start=800))\n",
"\n",
"sv.plot_image(frame)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"id": "tgejF7Zlosyd"
},
"source": [
"## Detecting Faces\n",
"\n",
"Now that we've got our image we'll need a good face detecting model. For this task, there are already an impressive amount of open source models available on [Roboflow Universe](https://universe.roboflow.com/). After a little digging, this [face detection model](https://universe.roboflow.com/mohamed-traore-2ekkp/face-detection-mik1i) has over 1300 images. Some models, including this one, require a Roboflow API key. You can [create a free account here](https://app.roboflow.com/login). From there, you can find the key under Settings > Workspaces > Roboflow API. Let's give it a try."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
},
"id": "3MDjVxEzKWGn",
"outputId": "8fee3446-cc81-4e3c-c4a0-b531d286f1a4"
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import os\n",
"from inference_sdk import InferenceHTTPClient\n",
"\n",
"try:\n",
" from google.colab import userdata\n",
" ROBOFLOW_API_KEY = userdata.get(\"ROBOFLOW_API_KEY\") or \"\"\n",
"except ImportError:\n",
" ROBOFLOW_API_KEY = os.environ.get(\"ROBOFLOW_API_KEY\", \"\")\n",
"\n",
"assert ROBOFLOW_API_KEY, \"Set ROBOFLOW_API_KEY in Colab secrets or as env var\"\n",
"\n",
"client = InferenceHTTPClient(\n",
" api_url=\"https://detect.roboflow.com\",\n",
" api_key=ROBOFLOW_API_KEY\n",
")\n",
"\n",
"results = client.infer(frame, model_id=\"face-detection-mik1i/18\")\n",
"\n",
"print(f\"Detected {len(results['predictions'])} face(s)\")\n",
"print(results)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"id": "dkPMOHa_univ"
},
"source": [
"## Blurring the Face\n",
"\n",
"Now that we're detecting faces, bluring them is easy with supervision. Let's pass our results into a `Detections` object and annotate the frame with a `BlurAnnotator`."
]
},
{
"metadata": {},
"cell_type": "code",
"outputs": [],
"execution_count": null,
"source": [
"blur = sv.BlurAnnotator(kernel_size=100)\n",
"\n",
"detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(results)\n",
"\n",
"annotated_frame = blur.annotate(scene=frame.copy(), detections=detections)\n",
"\n",
"sv.plot_image(annotated_frame)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"id": "YVNe8oe4vY4N"
},
"source": [
"## Conclusion\n",
"\n",
"With supervision, inference, and Roboflow Universe we were able to blur faces in minutes with an open source model. There are many other impressive use cases out there, so feel free to share in your own cookbooks. Happy building!"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"accelerator": "GPU",
"colab": {
"cell_execution_strategy": "setup",
"gpuType": "T4",
"provenance": []
},
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"name": "python"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 0
}
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User-agent: *
Allow: /
User-agent: GPTBot
Allow: /
User-agent: ClaudeBot
Allow: /
User-agent: PerplexityBot
Allow: /
User-agent: Bytespider
Allow: /
User-agent: CCBot
Allow: /
User-agent: GoogleOther
Allow: /
User-agent: Applebot
Allow: /
Sitemap: https://supervision.roboflow.com/sitemap.xml
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<h1>Supervision Cookbooks</h1>
</div>
<div class="custom-grid">
<a href="../notebooks/quickstart/"> <p class="card repo-card" data-name="Supervision Quickstart" data-labels="ANNOTATOR,DETECTION,SAM"
<a href="/develop/notebooks/quickstart"> <p class="card repo-card" data-name="Supervision Quickstart" data-labels="ANNOTATOR,DETECTION,SAM"
data-version="v0.26.0" data-author="SkalskiP,onuralpszr"></p>
</a>
<a href="../notebooks/count-objects-crossing-the-line/">
<a href="/develop/notebooks/count-objects-crossing-the-line">
<p class="card repo-card" data-name="Count Objects Crossing the Line"
data-labels="ANNOTATORS,LINE ZONE,TRACKING" data-version="v0.26.0" data-author="SkalskiP"></p>
</a>
<a href="../notebooks/zero-shot-object-detection-with-yolo-world/">
<a href="/develop/notebooks/zero-shot-object-detection-with-yolo-world">
<p class="card repo-card" data-name="Zero-Shot Object Detection with YOLO-World"
data-labels="ANNOTATORS,DETECTION,INFERENCE" data-version="v0.26.0" data-author="SkalskiP"></p>
</a>
<a href="../notebooks/download-supervision-assets/">
<a href="/develop/notebooks/download-supervision-assets">
<p class="card repo-card" data-name="Downloading Supervision Assets" data-labels="ASSETS" data-version="v0.18.0"
data-author="nickherrig"></p>
</a>
<a href="../notebooks/annotate-video-with-detections/">
<a href="/develop/notebooks/annotate-video-with-detections">
<p class="card repo-card" data-name="Annotate Video with Detections" data-labels="INFERENCE,YOLOV8"
data-version="v0.26.0" data-author="nickherrig"></p>
</a>
<a href="../notebooks/object-tracking/">
<a href="/develop/notebooks/object-tracking">
<p class="card repo-card" data-name="Object Tracking" data-labels="TRACKING, ANNOTATOR" data-version="v0.18.0"
data-author="nickherrig"></p>
</a>
<a href="../notebooks/blurring-faces/">
<p class="card repo-card" data-name="Blurring Faces" data-labels="ANNOTATOR,API,UNIVERSE"
data-version="v0.18.0" data-author="nickherrig"></p>
</a>
<a href="../notebooks/occupancy_analytics/">
<a href="/develop/notebooks/occupancy_analytics">
<p class="card repo-card" data-name="Analyzing Zone Occupancy" data-labels="ANNOTATOR,DETECTION,ZONES"
data-version="v0.26.0" data-author="stellasphere"></p>
</a>
<a href="../notebooks/evaluating-alignment-of-text-to-image-diffusion-models/">
<a href="/develop/notebooks/evaluating-alignment-of-text-to-image-diffusion-models">
<p class="card repo-card" data-name="Evaluating Alignment of Text-to-image Diffusion Models"
data-labels="ANNOTATORS,YOLO WORLD" data-version="v0.26.0" data-author="iamhatesz"></p>
</a>
<a href="../notebooks/serialise-detections-to-csv/">
<a href="/develop/notebooks/serialise-detections-to-csv">
<p class="card repo-card" data-name="Serialise Detections to a CSV File"
data-labels="DETECTIONS,CSV SINK,INFERENCE" data-version="v0.26.0" data-author="onuralpszr"></p>
</a>
<a href="../notebooks/serialise-detections-to-json/">
<a href="/develop/notebooks/serialise-detections-to-json">
<p class="card repo-card" data-name="Serialise Detections to a JSON File"
data-labels="DETECTIONS,JSON SINK,INFERENCE" data-version="v0.26.0" data-author="onuralpszr"></p>
</a>
<a href="../notebooks/small-object-detection-with-sahi/">
<a href="/develop/notebooks/small-object-detection-with-sahi">
<p class="card repo-card" data-name="Small Object Detection with SAHI"
data-labels="DETECTIONS,SAHI,SMALL,OBJECT,INFERENCE" data-version="v0.26.0" data-author="ediardo"></p>
</a>
<a href="../notebooks/underestand-visitors-with-yolo-world/">
<p class="card repo-card" data-name="Understand Visitors with YOLO-World"
data-labels="ANNOTATORS,DETECTION,INFERENCE" data-version="v0.19.0" data-author="AdonaiVera"></p>
</a>
<a href="../notebooks/compact-mask-sam3/">
<p class="card repo-card" data-name="Memory-Efficient Instance Segmentation"
data-labels="COMPACT MASK,SAM3,SEGMENTATION" data-version="v0.28.0" data-author="Borda"></p>
</a>
<a href="../notebooks/oriented-bounding-boxes/">
<p class="card repo-card" data-name="Oriented Bounding Boxes for Densely Packed Objects"
data-labels="OBB,DETECTIONS,NMS,DATASET" data-version="v0.29.0" data-author="kounelisagis"></p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</section>
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"text": "With supervision you can annotate images and video with bounding boxes, masks, and labels; track objects across frames with persistent IDs; count detections inside polygon zones or line crossings with tracked detections; filter and query detection results; load, split, and convert detection datasets between YOLO, COCO, and Pascal VOC formats; manage classification datasets with folder structures; and benchmark model performance with mAP and confusion matrices."
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}
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"@type": "Question",
"name": "How do I detect small objects with supervision?",
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}
}
]
}
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{# Cookbooks FAQ schema ── #}
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{# IndexNow ownership key — do NOT change this value.
The same key must exist in three places (all must stay in sync):
1. This meta tag (docs/theme/main.html)
2. The key file at docs/0d5d9799b1cc4a39825146388c6781eb.txt
3. The CI step in .github/workflows/publish-docs.yml
Bing/Yandex verify ownership by fetching https://supervision.roboflow.com/<key>.txt
and comparing its contents to this meta tag before accepting IndexNow submissions. #}
<meta name="indexnow-key" content="0d5d9799b1cc4a39825146388c6781eb" />
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-5
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@@ -1,12 +1,7 @@
---
comments: true
description: API reference for supervision's deprecated ByteTrack tracker wrapper.
---
# ByteTrack
!!! warning "Deprecated"
`sv.ByteTrack` is deprecated in `supervision-0.28.0` and will be removed in `supervision-0.31.0`. Install `trackers` and use `ByteTrackTracker` instead.
:::supervision.tracker.byte_tracker.core.ByteTrack
-36
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@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
---
comments: true
status: new
---
# Conversion Utils
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.utils.conversion.cv2_to_pillow">cv2_to_pillow</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.utils.conversion.cv2_to_pillow
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.utils.conversion.pillow_to_cv2">pillow_to_cv2</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.utils.conversion.pillow_to_cv2
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.utils.conversion.ensure_cv2_image_for_annotation">ensure_cv2_image_for_annotation</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.utils.conversion.ensure_cv2_image_for_annotation
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.utils.conversion.ensure_pil_image_for_annotation">ensure_pil_image_for_annotation</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.utils.conversion.ensure_pil_image_for_annotation
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.utils.conversion.images_to_cv2">images_to_cv2</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.utils.conversion.images_to_cv2
-18
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@@ -13,21 +13,3 @@ comments: true
</div>
:::supervision.geometry.core.Position
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.geometry.core.Point">Point</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.geometry.core.Point
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.geometry.core.Rect">Rect</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.geometry.core.Rect
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.geometry.core.Vector">Vector</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.geometry.core.Vector
+2 -21
View File
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
---
comments: true
status: new
---
# Image Utils
@@ -11,12 +10,6 @@ status: new
:::supervision.utils.image.crop_image
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.utils.image.load_image_from_url">load_image_from_url</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.utils.image.load_image_from_url
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.utils.image.scale_image">scale_image</a></h2>
</div>
@@ -36,22 +29,10 @@ status: new
:::supervision.utils.image.letterbox_image
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.utils.image.tint_image">tint_image</a></h2>
<h2><a href="#supervision.utils.image.overlay_image">overlay_image</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.utils.image.tint_image
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.utils.image.grayscale_image">grayscale_image</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.utils.image.grayscale_image
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.utils.image.get_image_resolution_wh">get_image_resolution_wh</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.utils.image.get_image_resolution_wh
:::supervision.utils.image.overlay_image
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.utils.image.ImageSink">ImageSink</a></h2>
-12
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@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
---
comments: true
status: new
---
# Image Window
<div class="md-typeset">
<h2><a href="#supervision.utils.image_window.ImageWindow">ImageWindow</a></h2>
</div>
:::supervision.utils.image_window.ImageWindow
+1 -1
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@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
Here, you'll find end-to-end examples that show how to solve common computer vision problems using Supervision.
For more information and examples, visit our [documentation](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/detection/annotators/) and explore our [how-to guides](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/how_to/detect_and_annotate/) and [cookbooks](https://supervision.roboflow.com/latest/cookbooks/). Join our [Discord](https://discord.com/invite/GbfgXGJ8Bk) and meet other Supervision power users!
For more information and examples, visit our [documentation](https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/annotators/) and explore our [how-to guides](https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/how_to/detect_and_annotate/) and [cookbooks](https://supervision.roboflow.com/develop/cookbooks/). Join our [Discord](https://discord.com/invite/GbfgXGJ8Bk) and meet other Supervision power users!
- [tracking](./tracking) by [@SkalskiP](https://github.com/SkalskiP)
- [count people in zone](./count_people_in_zone) by [@SkalskiP](https://github.com/SkalskiP)
-655
View File
@@ -1,655 +0,0 @@
# CompactMask — Memory-Efficient Mask Storage
This example benchmarks `CompactMask`, a new mask representation introduced in `supervision` that replaces dense `(N, H, W)` boolean arrays with a crop-scoped Run-Length Encoding (RLE). The benchmark demonstrates full API compatibility, massive memory savings, and order-of-magnitude annotation speedups — with no change to your existing `Detections` code.
______________________________________________________________________
## The Problem
Instance segmentation models return one boolean mask per detected object. `supervision` stores these as a stacked `(N, H, W)` numpy array.
For a 4K image with 1 000 detected objects:
```
1 000 x 3840 x 2160 x 1 byte = 8.3 GB
```
At this scale, typical pipelines crash with `MemoryError` before a single frame is annotated. Aerial imagery, satellite tiles, and high-density crowd scenes all hit this wall.
______________________________________________________________________
## The Solution — Crop-RLE Storage
`CompactMask` stores each mask as a run-length encoding of its **bounding-box crop** rather than the full image canvas.
```
dense (N,H,W) mask → N x crop_RLE + N x (x1,y1) offset
8.3 GB → ~280 KB
```
The bounding boxes are already present in `Detections.xyxy`, so no extra metadata is required from the caller.
### Theoretical analysis (4K scene, 80x80 px objects, ~65% fill per bbox)
Assumptions used throughout the PR design analysis:
| Parameter | Value |
| ---------------------- | ------------------------ |
| Image size | 4K — 3840x2160 = 8.29 MP |
| Avg bounding box | 80x80 px = 6 400 px² |
| Fill ratio within bbox | ~65% |
| Avg contour vertices | ~400 pts |
| Avg RLE runs / mask | ~240 (3 runs x 80 rows) |
#### Space comparison
| Format | Per object | N=100 | N=1 000 | vs Dense |
| ------------------- | -------------- | ------ | ---------- | --------- |
| **Dense** (current) | 8.29 MB | 829 MB | **8.3 GB** | 1x |
| Local Crop + Offset | 6.4 KB | 640 KB | 6.4 MB | 1 300x |
| **Crop-RLE** ✓ | ~2 KB | 200 KB | **2 MB** | 4 000x |
| Polygon ⚠ lossy | ~3.2 KB | 320 KB | 3.2 MB | 2 600x |
| memmap | 8.29 MB (disk) | 829 MB | 8.3 GB | 1x (disk) |
Crop-RLE beats Local Crop because it only encodes actual pixel runs, skipping the ~35% background pixels within each bounding box.
#### Encode time: dense array → format
| Format | Complexity | N=10 | N=100 | N=1 000 |
| ------------------- | --------------------------------- | ------- | ------- | --------- |
| Local Crop + Offset | O(A) — strided slice from xyxy | ~0.1 ms | ~1 ms | ~10 ms |
| **Crop RLE** | O(A) — scan crop rows for runs | ~0.2 ms | ~2 ms | ~20 ms |
| Polygon | O(P) — `cv2.findContours` on crop | ~2 ms | ~20 ms | ~200 ms |
| memmap | O(I) — write 8.29 MB to disk | ~80 ms | ~800 ms | ~8 000 ms |
#### Decode time: format → full (H, W) mask
Required by `MaskAnnotator`, `mask_iou_batch`, `merge()`, etc. Dominant cost at 4K is **allocating and zeroing a 8.29 MB array**, which is identical across all in-memory formats once full materialisation is needed.
| Format | N=10 | N=100 | N=1 000 |
| --------------------- | ------ | ------- | --------- |
| Local Crop / Crop RLE | ~3 ms | ~30 ms | ~300 ms |
| Polygon | ~5 ms | ~50 ms | ~500 ms |
| memmap | ~80 ms | ~800 ms | ~8 000 ms |
#### Decode time: crop-only path (optimised)
When callers need only the bounding-box region — `MaskAnnotator` crop-paint path, `.area`, `contains_holes`, `filter_segments_by_distance`:
| Format | Complexity | N=10 | N=100 | N=1 000 |
| ------------------- | -------------------------------- | -------- | ------- | --------- |
| Local Crop + Offset | O(1) — already stored | ~0 ms | ~0 ms | ~0 ms |
| **Crop RLE** ✓ | O(A) — expand ~240 runs | ~0.02 ms | ~0.2 ms | ~2 ms |
| Polygon | O(A) — `fillPoly` on crop canvas | ~2 ms | ~20 ms | ~200 ms |
| memmap | N/A — always full-size | ~80 ms | ~800 ms | ~8 000 ms |
Crop RLE's `.crop()` method powers the `MaskAnnotator` optimisation — it never allocates the full image canvas, which is the entire source of the annotation speedup.
#### IoU / NMS at 1 % bbox overlap rate (sparse aerial scene)
| Format | Strategy | N=1 000 |
| ------------------- | ------------------------------------- | ---------- |
| Dense (current) | All pairs, 640² pixel AND | ~10 000 ms |
| Local Crop + Offset | Bbox pre-filter → pixel IoU | **~5 ms** |
| Crop RLE | Bbox pre-filter → expand intersection | **~15 ms** |
At N=1 000 with 1 % overlap, bbox pre-filter reduces 499 500 candidate pairs to ~5 000 overlapping pairs — a ~2 000x reduction in pixel-level work.
______________________________________________________________________
## Why Crop-RLE Was Chosen over Local Crop
Both formats compress extremely well; the deciding factors for Crop-RLE are:
1. **~3x smaller** for masks that are themselves sparse within their bounding box.
2. **COCO RLE interop path** — crop RLE uses column-major (F-order) pixel scan, matching `pycocotools`; to interoperate, you still need to construct a full-image COCO RLE from the crop-scoped encoding (for example by padding/merging runs onto the full-image canvas, or by materialising the crop in the full image and re-encoding).
3. `.area` computed directly from run lengths — no materialisation, no allocation.
The main trade-off: crop-only decode is O(A) rather than O(1). For the common solid-fill segmentation mask this is negligible (\<0.1 ms per mask).
______________________________________________________________________
## Operation-by-Operation Speedup Analysis
This section walks through every `Detections` operation that touches masks and shows exactly why `CompactMask` is faster. All code snippets are taken from the actual implementation. Numbers use the **FHD-200-50%-v600** scenario unless noted (1920 x 1080 image, 200 detections, each mask filling ~50% of the frame, 600-vertex polygons — a realistic hard case with dense fill and complex object boundaries).
At 50% fill on an FHD image each mask's bounding box covers a large portion of the frame, producing many RLE runs per row.
______________________________________________________________________
### Memory
Dense stores one full-resolution bool array per mask:
```
N x H x W x 1 byte
200 x 1080 x 1920 x 1 = 414 MB
```
Compact stores three lightweight structures:
```python
self._rles: list[npt.NDArray[np.int32]] # N Python references to small int32 arrays
self._crop_shapes: npt.NDArray[np.int32] # (N, 2) — crop (h, w) per mask
self._offsets: npt.NDArray[np.int32] # (N, 2) — (x1, y1) origin per mask
```
Per-mask RLE size at 50% fill with 600-vertex polygons: ~4.7 KB (933 KB / 200). Per-mask dense size: 1920 x 1080 x 1 = 2.1 MB. Per-mask ratio: 2.1 MB / 4.7 KB = **~445x**.
Scaled to N=200: 200 x 4.7 KB = ~933 KB of RLE data, plus `_crop_shapes` (1.6 KB) and `_offsets` (1.6 KB). Python list + array object overhead roughly doubles the footprint for small N.
| Component | Dense | Compact | Ratio |
| --------------- | ---------- | ----------- | --------- |
| Mask data | 414 MB | ~933 KB | ~445x |
| Python overhead | negligible | ~933 KB | -- |
| **Total** | **414 MB** | **~1.9 MB** | **~392x** |
At 5% fill with 8-vertex polygons, the ratio reaches 10 000x–20 000x because crops are tiny and RLEs are extremely short. The benchmark's 4K-200-5%-v8 scenario measures 21 786x (theory) / ~6 000x (malloc). The SAT-200-5%-v8 scenario reaches 62 968x theoretical.
______________________________________________________________________
### `.area`
Dense `Detections.area` reads every pixel of every mask:
```python
# detection/core.py — dense path
return np.array([np.sum(mask) for mask in self.mask])
# N masks x H x W boolean sums = 200 x 2.1 M = 420 million reads
```
Compact delegates to `_rle_area`, which sums only the odd-indexed run lengths (the True-pixel runs) in each RLE:
```python
# detection/compact_mask.py — _rle_area
return int(np.sum(rle[1::2]))
```
```python
# detection/compact_mask.py — CompactMask.area
return np.array([_rle_area(r) for r in self._rles], dtype=np.int64)
```
At FHD-200-50%-v600, dense `.area` takes 84.66 ms; compact takes 0.48 ms — a **71x speedup**. At SAT-200-20%-v128 the measured speedup reaches **1 204x** because the dense array is 13.4 GB and each sum must scan the entire canvas.
| Factor | Reduction |
| ---------------------------------- | ----------- |
| RLE sums vs full-frame pixel reads | ~4 600x |
| int32 arithmetic vs bool reduction | ~2x |
| No (H, W) allocation per mask | latency |
| **Combined** | **~1 000x** |
______________________________________________________________________
### `filter` / `__getitem__` (boolean index)
Dense: `masks[bool_array]` triggers NumPy fancy indexing, which allocates a new `(K, H, W)` bool array and copies K full frames:
```python
# detection/core.py — Detections.__getitem__
mask = (self.mask[index] if self.mask is not None else None,)
# For dense ndarray, numpy allocates (K, 2160, 3840) and memcpy's K frames
```
Compact `CompactMask.__getitem__` converts the boolean index to integer positions and builds a new `CompactMask` from Python list indexing and NumPy fancy indexing on small `(N, 2)` arrays:
```python
# detection/compact_mask.py — CompactMask.__getitem__
if isinstance(index, np.ndarray) and index.dtype == bool:
idx_arr = np.where(index)[0]
# ...
new_rles = [self._rles[int(i)] for i in idx_arr]
new_crop_shapes: npt.NDArray[np.int32] = self._crop_shapes[idx_arr]
new_offsets: npt.NDArray[np.int32] = self._offsets[idx_arr]
return CompactMask(new_rles, new_crop_shapes, new_offsets, self._image_shape)
```
At FHD-200-50%-v600, dense `filter` takes 14.56 ms; compact takes 0.03 ms — a **500x speedup**. At SAT-200-20%-v128 the speedup reaches **14 757x**.
| | Dense | Compact |
| ----------- | ----------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Data copied | K x H x W (full frames) | K Python references + K x 8 bytes |
| Allocation | new `(K, H, W)` array | new `CompactMask` shell (~trivial) |
| **Speedup** | | **hundreds to tens of thousands x** |
______________________________________________________________________
### `annotate` (`MaskAnnotator`)
Dense: for each mask, `MaskAnnotator` indexes the full `(H, W)` array and applies a boolean mask across the entire scene:
```python
# annotators/core.py — dense path
mask = np.asarray(detections.mask[detection_idx], dtype=bool)
colored_mask[mask] = color.as_bgr()
```
Each `detections.mask[detection_idx]` for a dense array yields a full `(H, W)` view, and the boolean indexing scans all pixels.
Compact: the annotator detects `CompactMask` and paints only the crop region:
```python
# annotators/core.py — compact path
x1 = int(compact_mask.offsets[detection_idx, 0])
y1 = int(compact_mask.offsets[detection_idx, 1])
crop_m = compact_mask.crop(detection_idx)
crop_h, crop_w = crop_m.shape
colored_mask[y1 : y1 + crop_h, x1 : x1 + crop_w][crop_m] = color.as_bgr()
```
`compact_mask.crop()` decodes the RLE into a `(crop_h, crop_w)` array. At FHD-200-50%-v600, dense `annotate` takes 848.95 ms; compact takes 32.67 ms — a **22x speedup**. At SAT-200-20%-v128 the speedup reaches **89x**.
| Factor | Reduction |
| -------------------------------------------------- | ------------------- |
| Crop decode vs full-frame boolean index (per mask) | crop-size dependent |
| No full `(H, W)` allocation per integer index | latency |
| x N masks | compounds |
| **Combined** | **~26 – 400x** |
______________________________________________________________________
### IoU (`mask_iou_batch` / `compact_mask_iou_batch`)
Dense `mask_iou_batch` on N=200, FHD:
```python
# detection/utils/iou_and_nms.py — _mask_iou_batch_split
intersection_area = np.logical_and(masks_true[:, None], masks_detection).sum(
axis=(2, 3)
)
# shape (200, 200, 1080, 1920) — ~80 billion boolean ops
# .sum(axis=(2,3)) for intersection counts
# memory_limit splits this into chunks capped at 5 GB scratch
```
Compact `compact_mask_iou_batch` — three layered optimisations:
**1. Vectorised bbox pre-filter — O(N²) array ops, zero decoding**
```python
ix1: npt.NDArray[np.int32] = np.maximum(x1a[:, None], x1b[None, :])
iy1: npt.NDArray[np.int32] = np.maximum(y1a[:, None], y1b[None, :])
ix2: npt.NDArray[np.int32] = np.minimum(x2a[:, None], x2b[None, :])
iy2: npt.NDArray[np.int32] = np.minimum(y2a[:, None], y2b[None, :])
bbox_overlap: npt.NDArray[np.bool_] = (ix1 <= ix2) & (iy1 <= iy2)
```
At 5% fill, two random masks overlap with probability ~4%. ~96% of the N² pairs get IoU = 0 for free — no pixel work at all.
**2. Sub-crop decode — compare only the intersection region**
```python
ox_a, oy_a = int(x1a[i]), int(y1a[i])
sub_a = crops_a[i][ly1 - oy_a : ly2 - oy_a + 1, lx1 - ox_a : lx2 - ox_a + 1]
ox_b, oy_b = int(x1b[j]), int(y1b[j])
sub_b = crops_b[j][ly1 - oy_b : ly2 - oy_b + 1, lx1 - ox_b : lx2 - ox_b + 1]
inter = int(np.logical_and(sub_a, sub_b).sum())
```
The intersection sub-region of two overlapping crops is typically far smaller than the full frame.
**3. Crop caching — each mask decoded at most once**
```python
if i not in crops_a:
crops_a[i] = masks_true.crop(i)
```
Area is obtained from `_rle_area` (sum odd-indexed runs), never touching the pixel grid:
```python
areas_a: npt.NDArray[np.int64] = masks_true.area
```
At FHD-200-50%-v600, dense IoU takes 23 915 ms; compact takes 51.58 ms — a **446x speedup**. At 5% fill / sparse scenarios the speedup is even larger because fewer bbox pairs overlap.
| Factor | Reduction |
| ------------------------------------ | --------------- |
| Bbox pre-filter at sparse fill | 25x |
| Sub-crop vs full frame per pair | ~200x |
| Area from RLE, not `sum(axis=(1,2))` | ~10x |
| No 5 GB scratch allocation | latency |
| **Combined** | **~100 – 500x** |
At 20% fill the gaps close — more pairs overlap, larger crops — speedup drops toward the lower end of the range.
______________________________________________________________________
### NMS (`mask_non_max_suppression`)
Both dense and compact paths now call `mask_iou_batch(masks, masks)` directly, computing exact mask IoU on the original (unresized) masks. There is no intermediate resize step.
```python
# detection/utils/iou_and_nms.py — NMS (both paths)
ious = mask_iou_batch(masks, masks, overlap_metric)
```
`mask_iou_batch` dispatches internally: when passed a `CompactMask` it calls `compact_mask_iou_batch`, applying all three IoU optimisations (bbox pre-filter, sub-crop decode, crop caching). When passed a dense ndarray it runs the chunked pixel-AND path.
All three IoU optimisations apply to the compact path:
| Factor | Reduction |
| ------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
| Bbox pre-filter eliminates most pairs | 25x at sparse fill |
| Sub-crop decode for remaining pairs | ~200x |
| Area from RLE, not pixel sum | ~10x |
| **Combined** | **same as IoU: ~100 – 500x** |
At FHD-200-50%-v600, dense NMS takes 5 231 ms; compact takes 48.15 ms — a **481x speedup**. Dense IoU/NMS is skipped for scenarios above 1 GB (4K-200 and SAT-200 tiers); compact NMS still runs on those.
______________________________________________________________________
### `merge` (`Detections.merge`)
Dense: `np.vstack` allocates a new `(N1+N2, H, W)` array and copies both halves:
```python
# detection/core.py — dense merge path
return np.vstack([np.asarray(m) for m in masks])
# Merging two 100-mask sets at FHD: 2 x 100 x 2.1 MB = 414 MB copied
```
Compact: `CompactMask.merge` extends a Python list and concatenates two small int32 arrays:
```python
# detection/compact_mask.py — CompactMask.merge
new_rles: list[npt.NDArray[np.int32]] = []
for m in masks_list:
new_rles.extend(m._rles)
new_crop_shapes: npt.NDArray[np.int32] = np.concatenate(
[m._crop_shapes for m in masks_list], axis=0
)
new_offsets: npt.NDArray[np.int32] = np.concatenate(
[m._offsets for m in masks_list], axis=0
)
```
`list.extend` copies N reference pointers. `np.concatenate` on `(N, 2)` int32 arrays copies N x 8 bytes per array.
At FHD-200-50%-v600, dense merge takes 29.71 ms; compact takes 0.03 ms — a **929x speedup**. At SAT-200-20%-v128 the speedup reaches **89 046x**.
| | Dense | Compact |
| ----------- | ----------------------- | -------------------------- |
| Data moved | N x H x W (full frames) | N references + N x 8 bytes |
| Allocation | new `(N, H, W)` array | new `CompactMask` shell |
| **Speedup** | | **effectively free** |
**Note:** `Detections.merge` calls `is_empty()` on each input. Before the `len(xyxy) > 0` short-circuit was added, `is_empty()` invoked `__eq__` which called `np.array_equal(self.to_dense(), ...)` — materialising the entire `(N, H, W)` CompactMask to dense just to check emptiness. The fix:
```python
# detection/core.py — Detections.is_empty (fixed)
if len(self.xyxy) > 0:
return False
```
This O(1) check avoids the O(N x H x W) dense materialisation that previously dominated compact merge time.
______________________________________________________________________
### `offset` / `with_offset` (`InferenceSlicer` tile stitching)
Dense `move_masks`: allocates a new `(N, new_H, new_W)` array and copies each mask with shifted slice coordinates — O(N x H x W):
```python
# detection/utils/masks.py — move_masks
mask_array = np.full((masks.shape[0], resolution_wh[1], resolution_wh[0]), False)
# ... source/destination slicing logic ...
mask_array[:, dst_y1:dst_y2, dst_x1:dst_x2] = masks[:, src_y1:src_y2, src_x1:src_x2]
```
Compact `with_offset(dx, dy)`: vectorised bounds check first. All new bounding-box positions are computed in a single numpy op. When none overflow the new canvas — the common case in `InferenceSlicer` — the RLE data is not touched at all:
```python
# detection/compact_mask.py — CompactMask.with_offset (fast path)
new_offsets = self._offsets + np.array([dx, dy], dtype=np.int32) # O(N) numpy
needs_clip = (x1s < 0) | (y1s < 0) | (x2s >= new_w) | (y2s >= new_h)
if not needs_clip.any():
return CompactMask(
list(self._rles), self._crop_shapes.copy(), new_offsets, new_image_shape
)
```
When a crop does overflow (e.g. object at a tile edge), only that crop is decoded, sliced, and re-encoded. Masks fully outside bounds get a 1x1 all-False stub without any decoding.
At FHD-200-50%-v600, dense offset takes 42.30 ms; compact takes 0.02 ms — a **2 016x speedup**. At SAT-200-20%-v128 the speedup reaches **290 779x**.
| | Dense | Compact (no-clip fast path) |
| ----------------- | -------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ |
| Work per mask | allocate `(new_H, new_W)` + copy H x W | add scalar to offset row — O(1) |
| N=200 at FHD | 200 x 2.1 MB = **414 MB** alloc + copy | two numpy ops on `(N, 2)` int32 |
| Output allocation | new `(N, new_H, new_W)` | shared RLE list + new `(N, 2)` array |
| **Speedup** | | **effectively free (>1 000x)** |
In the `InferenceSlicer` pipeline the canvas is always expanded by the tile offset, so no crop ever overflows — the fast path is always taken. Clipping only activates for objects that genuinely straddle the image boundary.
______________________________________________________________________
### `centroids` (`calculate_masks_centroids`)
Dense: `np.tensordot` reads every pixel of every mask to compute weighted coordinate sums:
```python
# detection/utils/masks.py — dense centroid path
vertical_indices, horizontal_indices = np.indices((height, width)) + 0.5
# np.tensordot(masks, indices, axes=([1, 2], [0, 1]))
# reads all N x H x W values
```
Compact: per-crop loop decodes only the bounding-box region and computes centroids within that crop:
```python
# detection/utils/masks.py — compact centroid path
crop = masks.crop(i)
crop_h, crop_w = crop.shape
x1 = int(masks.offsets[i, 0])
y1 = int(masks.offsets[i, 1])
# ...
crop_rows, crop_cols = np.indices((crop_h, crop_w))
cx = float(np.sum((crop_cols + 0.5)[crop])) / total + x1
cy = float(np.sum((crop_rows + 0.5)[crop])) / total + y1
```
At FHD-200-50%-v600, dense centroids takes 1 133.68 ms; compact takes 60.39 ms — a **13x speedup**. At SAT-200-20%-v128 the speedup reaches **857x** because the dense path must allocate and scan a 13.4 GB array.
| Factor | Reduction |
| ----------------------------------------- | ------------------- |
| Crop area vs full frame (per mask) | fill-dependent |
| No global `np.indices((H, W))` allocation | saves large float64 |
| **Combined (N=200)** | **~19 – 1 000x** |
______________________________________________________________________
### Summary
Measured speedups at the **FHD-200-50%-v600** operating point (dense fill, complex polygons — a realistic hard case). Dense baseline = 1x.
| Operation | Dense cost | Compact cost | Speedup |
| ---------------- | ----------- | ------------ | ------- |
| Memory | 414 MB | ~1.9 MB | ~392x |
| `.area` | 84.66 ms | 0.48 ms | 71x |
| `filter` | 14.56 ms | 0.03 ms | 500x |
| `annotate` | 848.95 ms | 32.67 ms | 22x |
| `mask_iou_batch` | 23 915 ms | 51.58 ms | 446x |
| NMS | 5 231 ms | 48.15 ms | 481x |
| `merge` | 29.71 ms | 0.03 ms | 929x |
| `with_offset` | 42.30 ms | 0.02 ms | 2 016x |
| `centroids` | 1 133.68 ms | 60.39 ms | 13x |
All speedups are larger at sparser fill fractions and larger resolutions. At SAT-200-20%-v128, `.area` reaches 1 204x and `merge` reaches 89 046x. At the sparsest scenarios (5% fill, 8-vertex polygons), memory ratios exceed 60 000x.
______________________________________________________________________
## Drop-In Compatibility
`CompactMask` implements the same duck-typed interface as `np.ndarray`:
```python
import supervision as sv
from supervision.detection.compact_mask import CompactMask
# Build from an existing dense (N, H, W) bool array:
compact = CompactMask.from_dense(masks_dense, xyxy, image_shape=(H, W))
# Use exactly like a dense mask — no other code changes needed:
detections = sv.Detections(xyxy=xyxy, mask=compact, class_id=class_ids)
# Filtering, merging, area — all work transparently:
filtered = detections[confidence > 0.5]
areas = detections.area # RLE sum, no materialisation
merged = sv.Detections.merge([det_a, det_b])
# MaskAnnotator works without any change:
annotated = sv.MaskAnnotator().annotate(frame, detections)
# Materialise back to dense when you need raw numpy:
dense_again = compact.to_dense() # (N, H, W) bool
```
Supported indexing patterns:
| Expression | Returns |
| ------------------ | ---------------------------- |
| `mask[i]` (int) | Dense `(H, W)` bool array |
| `mask[bool_array]` | New `CompactMask` (filtered) |
| `mask[slice]` | New `CompactMask` |
| `np.asarray(mask)` | Dense `(N, H, W)` bool array |
______________________________________________________________________
## Benchmark
Run on any machine — no GPU or real model required:
```bash
uv run python examples/compact_mask/benchmark.py
```
For a focused benchmark of the Roboflow inference-result parser API, run:
```bash
uv run python examples/compact_mask/bench_inference_api.py
```
This script downloads all supervision image assets plus the middle frame from every supervision video asset by default, runs one real segmentation inference per source image, requests native RLE masks from Inference, freezes that result, and then compares parser performance:
```python
sv.Detections.from_inference(result)
sv.Detections.from_inference(result, compact_masks=True)
```
Timing repetitions, warmups, confidence, IoU, response mask format, and the default model live as constants in `bench_inference_api.py`.
Inference runs and segmentation-derived box fields are outside the timed benchmark loop. By default the script uses `rfdetr-seg-large` with `response_mask_format="rle"`; set `BENCH_INFERENCE_MODEL_ID` to override the model. Set `ROBOFLOW_API_KEY` when your model requires authentication. Sources where the model returns no native RLE segmentation masks are skipped because there is no RLE parser work to benchmark. `rfdetr-large` is a valid local Inference model id, but it is object detection only; use an `rfdetr-seg-*` model for instance segmentation.
Run one specific supervision image or video asset with `--asset`:
```bash
uv run python examples/compact_mask/bench_inference_api.py --asset people-walking
uv run python examples/compact_mask/bench_inference_api.py --asset soccer
uv run python examples/compact_mask/bench_inference_api.py --asset vehicles
uv run python examples/compact_mask/bench_inference_api.py --asset people-walking-video
```
The output reports image size, segmented objects, median parser time, peak traced allocations, mask storage, and parser speedup (`dense parser time / compact parser time`).
**Speedup column:** The `speedup` value reflects allocation savings — how much time is saved by skipping the dense `(N, H, W)` bool-stack allocation — not a faster RLE decode. Compact RLE arithmetic is typically slower than the dense NumPy path. The net result:
- **Compact is faster** only when the dense `(N, H, W)` bool-stack allocation dominates — large images with many sparse masks where avoiding that allocation outweighs the RLE arithmetic cost.
- **Compact is slower** for small images or dense/overlapping masks, where Python RLE arithmetic dominates and the allocation cost is negligible.
- **The primary guaranteed benefit is memory**: compact masks use roughly 99% less memory than dense stacks for typical segmentation output, regardless of which parse direction is faster.
The default run includes a `synthetic-dense-64` row (64×64 image, 4 fully-filled masks) to demonstrate the adversarial regime where compact is slower than dense. For each real source with segmentation masks, the script also writes a validation overlay to `examples/compact_mask/outputs/*_segmentations.jpg`.
### Sample results — inference API
Measured on macOS Apple M4 Max, 50 reps after 3 warmups, using `rfdetr-seg-large` via Roboflow Inference.
| src | res | seg | dense ms | CM ms | speedup | peak MB (dense/compact) | mask MB (dense/compact) | ok |
| -------------------------- | --------- | --- | -------- | ----- | ------- | ----------------------- | ----------------------- | --- |
| synthetic-dense-64 | 64×64 | 4 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.31× | 0.04 / 0.05 | 0.02 / 0.00 | ✓ |
| people-walking.jpg | 1920×1080 | 53 | 85.56 | 12.55 | 6.82× | 219.86 / 0.11 | 109.90 / 0.02 | ✓ |
| soccer.jpg | 398×224 | 21 | 1.36 | 1.07 | 1.27× | 3.77 / 0.05 | 1.87 / 0.00 | ✓ |
| vehicles.mp4#269 | 3840×2160 | 7 | 46.03 | 2.60 | 18× | 116.13 / 0.07 | 58.06 / 0.00 | ✓ |
| milk-bottling-plant.mp4#94 | 1920×1080 | 9 | 15.61 | 11.57 | 1.35× | 37.34 / 0.53 | 18.66 / 0.03 | ✓ |
| vehicles-2.mp4#637 | 1920×1080 | 47 | 76.87 | 13.59 | 5.66× | 194.97 / 0.13 | 97.46 / 0.03 | ✓ |
| grocery-store.mp4#501 | 3840×2160 | 4 | 27.20 | 4.36 | 6.24× | 66.36 / 0.22 | 33.18 / 0.01 | ✓ |
| subway.mp4#649 | 2160×3840 | 42 | 325.71 | 32.21 | 10× | 696.78 / 0.80 | 348.36 / 0.09 | ✓ |
| market-square.mp4#237 | 2160×3840 | 96 | 732.98 | 27.24 | 27× | 1592.61 / 0.22 | 796.26 / 0.05 | ✓ |
| people-walking.mp4#170 | 1920×1080 | 60 | 100.99 | 12.69 | 7.96× | 248.89 / 0.12 | 124.42 / 0.02 | ✓ |
| beach-1.mp4#223 | 3840×2160 | 33 | 223.50 | 13.39 | 17× | 547.47 / 0.12 | 273.72 / 0.02 | ✓ |
| basketball-1.mp4#238 | 1920×1080 | 2 | 3.61 | 2.05 | 1.76× | 8.30 / 0.15 | 4.15 / 0.01 | ✓ |
| skiing.mp4#176 | 1920×1080 | 11 | 16.47 | 3.07 | 5.37× | 45.63 / 0.08 | 22.81 / 0.01 | ✓ |
- **seg** — number of instance segmentations returned by the model
- **dense ms / CM ms** — median parse time for `from_inference()` vs `from_inference(compact_masks=True)`
- **speedup** — dense / compact parse time; values below 1× (e.g., synthetic-dense-64) indicate the adversarial regime where RLE arithmetic cost exceeds allocation savings
- **peak MB** — peak traced allocations during parsing (dense / compact)
- **mask MB** — mask storage only (dense / compact); compact is typically 100–5 000× smaller
- **ok** — `compact.to_dense()` pixel-exactly matches dense masks
Six image tiers x three fill fractions (5 / 20 / 50 %) x three vertex counts (8 / 128 / 600):
| Tier | Resolution | Objects | Dense array | Notes |
| ------- | ---------- | ------- | ----------- | ------------------------------------ |
| FHD-100 | 1920x1080 | 100 | 0.21 GB | Full operations including IoU+NMS |
| FHD-200 | 1920x1080 | 200 | 0.41 GB | Full operations including IoU+NMS |
| FHD-400 | 1920x1080 | 400 | 0.83 GB | Full operations including IoU+NMS |
| 4K-100 | 3840x2160 | 100 | 0.83 GB | Full operations including IoU+NMS |
| 4K-200 | 3840x2160 | 200 | 1.66 GB | Dense IoU+NMS skipped (array > 1 GB) |
| SAT-200 | 8192x8192 | 200 | 13.4 GB | Dense IoU+NMS skipped (array > 1 GB) |
Dense timing is skipped automatically when the dense IoU/NMS array would exceed 1 GB (`IOU_DENSE_SKIP_GB`), preventing swap thrashing. All dense ops are skipped above 16 GB (`DENSE_SKIP_GB`); no scenario in the current matrix reaches that threshold. Memory is always reported as theoretical `NxHxW` bytes.
### Sample results (macOS, Apple M4 Max, REPS=4)
| Scenario | Dense mem | Compact theor. | Mem x | Area x | Filter x | Annot x | IoU x | NMS x | Merge x | Offset x | Centroids x |
| ---------------- | --------- | -------------- | ------- | ------ | -------- | ------- | ----- | ----- | -------- | -------- | ----------- |
| FHD-100-5%-v8 | 207 MB | 28 KB | 7 418x | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| FHD-100-50%-v600 | 207 MB | 913 KB | 227x | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| FHD-200-50%-v600 | 415 MB | 933 KB | 445x | 71x | 500x | 22x | 446x | 481x | 929x | 2 016x | 13x |
| FHD-400-5%-v8 | 829 MB | 60 KB | 13 937x | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 4K-100-5%-v8 | 829 MB | 53 KB | 15 554x | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 4K-100-20%-v128 | 829 MB | 586 KB | 1 415x | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 4K-200-5%-v8 | 1 659 MB | 76 KB | 21 786x | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| SAT-200-5%-v8 | 13 422 MB | 213 KB | 62 968x | 6 942x | 30 255x | 204x | † | † | 105 545x | 251 629x | 2 173x |
| SAT-200-20%-v128 | 13 422 MB | 2 596 KB | 5 171x | 1 204x | 14 757x | 89x | † | † | 89 046x | 290 779x | 857x |
| SAT-200-50%-v600 | 13 422 MB | 14 222 KB | 944x | — | — | — | † | † | — | — | — |
- **Compact theor.** — sum of internal numpy buffer `nbytes`
- **Mem x** — dense / compact theoretical ratio
- **Area x / Filter x / Annot x / IoU x / NMS x / Merge x / Offset x / Centroids x** — compact speedup over dense for each operation
- **†** — dense IoU+NMS skipped (dense array > 1 GB); compact still runs and is timed
- **—** — not shown; full per-scenario tables are printed by the benchmark script
All non-skipped scenarios pass: pixel-perfect annotation, exact area, lossless `to_dense()` roundtrip.
______________________________________________________________________
## Use-Cases
- **Aerial / satellite imagery** — thousands of small objects on large tiles; dense masks exhaust RAM before inference completes.
- **High-density crowd / cell segmentation** — N > 500 on FHD already requires several GB of mask storage per batch.
- **Real-time annotation pipelines** — crop-paint cuts annotation from seconds to milliseconds at 4K resolution.
- **Long-running tracking** — accumulated `Detections` across many frames stay in kilobytes rather than gigabytes.
- **`InferenceSlicer`** — `with_offset()` adjusts crop origins directly when stitching tile results; no dense materialisation needed.
______________________________________________________________________
## Limitations
- `CompactMask` is **not** a full `np.ndarray`. Call `.to_dense()` before passing to code that requires arbitrary ndarray methods (`astype`, `reshape`, `ravel`, `any`, `all`, …).
- RLE format is **column-major (F-order), crop-scoped** — pixel-scan order matches COCO / pycocotools, but crop scope differs from full-image scope. Use `.to_dense()` to materialize a full-image dense mask, then encode that mask to COCO RLE before passing it to pycocotools.
- `from_dense()` requires the input `(N, H, W)` array to fit in memory. For truly OOM-scale data, build `CompactMask` per-detection directly from model output crops rather than from a pre-allocated dense stack.
______________________________________________________________________
## Files
| File | Description |
| ------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------- |
| `benchmark.py` | Full benchmark across FHD / 4K / satellite tiers |
| `bench_inference_api.py` | Focused dense vs compact `from_inference` benchmark |
| `README.md` | This file |
@@ -1,505 +0,0 @@
"""Benchmark dense vs compact Roboflow RLE ingestion.
Run with:
uv run python examples/compact_mask/bench_inference_api.py
The benchmark downloads supervision assets, runs one segmentation inference per
source image, then times dense vs compact parsing of that fixed inference result.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import argparse
import gc
import os
import statistics
import time
import tracemalloc
from collections.abc import Callable
from dataclasses import dataclass
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any
import cv2
import numpy as np
from rich import box
from rich.console import Console
from rich.table import Table
import supervision as sv
from supervision.assets import ImageAssets, VideoAssets, download_assets
from supervision.config import CLASS_NAME_DATA_FIELD
from supervision.detection.compact_mask import CompactMask
console = Console(width=120, force_terminal=True)
# Default segmentation model; use an rfdetr-seg-* id so masks are returned.
MODEL_ID = "rfdetr-seg-large"
# Environment variable that can override MODEL_ID without adding CLI noise.
MODEL_ID_ENV = "BENCH_INFERENCE_MODEL_ID"
# Optional Roboflow API key for models that require authentication.
API_KEY_ENV = "ROBOFLOW_API_KEY"
# Model confidence threshold used only for the one inference call per source.
CONFIDENCE = 0.2
# Model IoU threshold used only for the one inference call per source.
IOU = 0.5
# Request native RLE masks so the benchmark measures RLE parser ingestion.
RESPONSE_MASK_FORMAT = "rle"
# Parser timing repetitions; inference itself is not repeated.
REPETITIONS = 50
# Untimed parser warmup calls before measurements.
WARMUP = 3
# Visual segmentation overlays for manual validation.
ARTIFACT_DIR = Path("examples/compact_mask/outputs")
ASSETS = {Path(asset.filename).stem: asset for asset in ImageAssets}
for video_asset in VideoAssets:
key = Path(video_asset.filename).stem
ASSETS[key if key not in ASSETS else f"{key}-video"] = video_asset
@dataclass
class ApiBenchmarkResult:
"""Result for one dense-vs-compact parser benchmark run."""
source: str
resolution: str
segmented_objects: int
dense_s: float
compact_s: float
dense_peak_bytes: int
compact_peak_bytes: int
dense_mask_bytes: int
compact_mask_bytes: int
pixel_perfect: bool
def load_image_from_asset(path: Path | None, asset: str) -> tuple[np.ndarray, str]:
"""Return ``(image, label)`` for an image or video middle frame."""
if path is not None:
image = cv2.imread(str(path))
if image is None:
raise FileNotFoundError(f"Could not read image: {path}")
return image, str(path)
asset_obj = ASSETS[asset]
asset_path = Path(download_assets(asset_obj))
if isinstance(asset_obj, ImageAssets):
image = cv2.imread(str(asset_path))
if image is None:
raise FileNotFoundError(f"Could not read image: {asset_path}")
return image, str(asset_path)
video = cv2.VideoCapture(str(asset_path))
if not video.isOpened():
raise FileNotFoundError(f"Could not read video: {asset_path}")
frame_count = int(video.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_COUNT))
frame_index = max(0, frame_count // 2)
if frame_index:
video.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_POS_FRAMES, frame_index)
ok, frame = video.read()
video.release()
if not ok or frame is None:
raise FileNotFoundError(f"Could not read middle frame: {asset_path}")
return frame, f"{asset_path}#{frame_index}"
def freeze_result(inference_result: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
"""Convert one Inference result to a reusable dictionary."""
if isinstance(inference_result, dict):
return inference_result
if hasattr(inference_result, "model_dump"):
return inference_result.model_dump(exclude_none=True, by_alias=True)
if hasattr(inference_result, "dict"):
return inference_result.dict(exclude_none=True, by_alias=True)
raise TypeError(
f"Expected dict-like Inference result, got {type(inference_result).__name__}"
)
def count_rle_predictions(result: dict[str, Any]) -> int:
"""Return the number of predictions carrying Roboflow RLE masks."""
return sum(
isinstance(prediction.get("rle") or prediction.get("rle_mask"), dict)
for prediction in result.get("predictions", [])
)
def synthetic_dense_small_result() -> tuple[np.ndarray, str, dict[str, Any]]:
"""Return a small dense-mask adversarial payload where compact parsing is slower.
Uses a 64x64 image with 4 fully-filled masks. At this scale the dense
``(N, H, W)`` allocation cost is negligible; Python RLE arithmetic dominates,
making compact ingestion slower than the dense NumPy path. Included as a
clearly labeled adversarial row in the default benchmark run to show that
the ``speedup`` column reflects allocation savings, not decode speed.
"""
height, width = 64, 64
image = np.zeros((height, width, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
predictions = [
{
"x": width / 2,
"y": height / 2,
"width": width,
"height": height,
"confidence": 0.9,
"class_id": index,
"class": f"dense-{index}",
"rle": {"size": [height, width], "counts": [0, height * width]},
}
for index in range(4)
]
return (
image,
"synthetic-dense-64",
{
"predictions": predictions,
"image": {"width": width, "height": height},
},
)
def derive_boxes_from_rle_masks(result: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
"""Set prediction boxes from native RLE segmentation masks."""
predictions = []
for prediction in result.get("predictions", []):
rle = prediction.get("rle") or prediction.get("rle_mask")
if not isinstance(rle, dict):
predictions.append(prediction)
continue
height, width = rle["size"]
mask = sv.rle_to_mask(rle["counts"], resolution_wh=(int(width), int(height)))
if not mask.any():
predictions.append(prediction)
continue
x1, y1, x2, y2 = sv.mask_to_xyxy(mask[np.newaxis, ...])[0]
predictions.append(
{
**prediction,
"x": float((x1 + x2) / 2),
"y": float((y1 + y2) / 2),
"width": float(x2 - x1),
"height": float(y2 - y1),
}
)
return {**result, "predictions": predictions}
def artifact_path(source: str) -> Path:
"""Return the segmentation validation artifact path for a source."""
source_path, separator, frame = source.partition("#")
stem = Path(source_path).stem
suffix = f"_frame_{frame}" if separator else ""
return ARTIFACT_DIR / f"{stem}{suffix}_segmentations.jpg"
def detection_labels(detections: sv.Detections) -> list[str]:
"""Return compact class/confidence labels for validation artifacts."""
raw_class_names = detections.get_data(CLASS_NAME_DATA_FIELD)
class_names = (
raw_class_names.astype(str).tolist()
if isinstance(raw_class_names, np.ndarray)
else [""] * len(detections)
)
labels = []
for index in range(len(detections)):
class_name = class_names[index] if index < len(class_names) else ""
confidence = (
""
if detections.confidence is None
else f" {detections.confidence[index]:.2f}"
)
labels.append(f"{class_name}{confidence}".strip() or str(index))
return labels
def save_segmentation_artifact(
image: np.ndarray,
result: dict[str, Any],
source: str,
) -> Path | None:
"""Draw parsed segmentation masks and save a validation artifact."""
detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(result)
if detections.mask is None:
return None
annotated = image.copy()
annotated = sv.MaskAnnotator(
color_lookup=sv.ColorLookup.INDEX,
opacity=0.45,
).annotate(scene=annotated, detections=detections)
annotated = sv.LabelAnnotator(
color_lookup=sv.ColorLookup.INDEX,
text_scale=0.35,
text_padding=4,
).annotate(
scene=annotated,
detections=detections,
labels=detection_labels(detections),
)
path = artifact_path(source)
path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
if not cv2.imwrite(str(path), annotated):
raise OSError(f"Could not write segmentation artifact: {path}")
return path
def load_inference_model(model_id: str, api_key: str | None) -> Any:
"""Load the requested Inference model."""
try:
from inference import get_model
except ImportError as exc:
raise ImportError(
"Install the `inference` package to run this benchmark."
) from exc
model_kwargs = {"api_key": api_key} if api_key is not None else {}
return get_model(model_id=model_id, **model_kwargs)
def run_inference_once(
image: np.ndarray,
model: Any,
model_id: str,
confidence: float,
iou: float,
) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
"""Run one real segmentation inference and return a frozen result."""
# Inference still serializes instance segmentations with x/y/width/height.
# Derive those fields from the RLE masks so the benchmark uses segmentations,
# not the model-reported detector boxes, as the source of truth.
result = derive_boxes_from_rle_masks(
freeze_result(
model.infer(
image,
confidence=confidence,
iou=iou,
response_mask_format=RESPONSE_MASK_FORMAT,
)[0]
)
)
rle_count = count_rle_predictions(result)
if rle_count == 0:
console.print(
f"[yellow]skipped[/yellow] {model_id}: no native RLE segmentation "
f"predictions for response_mask_format={RESPONSE_MASK_FORMAT!r}"
)
return None
return result
def median_seconds(fn: Callable[[], object], reps: int, warmup: int) -> float:
"""Return median runtime for ``fn``."""
for _ in range(warmup):
fn()
gc.collect()
timings = []
for _ in range(reps):
start = time.perf_counter()
fn()
timings.append(time.perf_counter() - start)
return statistics.median(timings)
def peak_bytes(fn: Callable[[], object]) -> int:
"""Return peak traced allocations for one call."""
gc.collect()
tracemalloc.start()
fn()
_, peak = tracemalloc.get_traced_memory()
tracemalloc.stop()
return int(peak)
def dense_mask_bytes(detections: sv.Detections) -> int:
"""Return dense mask storage bytes."""
return 0 if detections.mask is None else int(np.asarray(detections.mask).nbytes)
def compact_mask_bytes(detections: sv.Detections) -> int:
"""Return compact mask storage bytes."""
if not isinstance(detections.mask, CompactMask):
return 0
return sum(rle.nbytes for rle in detections.mask._rles)
def _fmt_ratio(ratio: float) -> str:
"""Format a speedup/compression ratio with colour coding."""
fmt = f"{ratio:.0f}x" if ratio >= 10 else f"{ratio:.2f}x"
if ratio >= 10:
return f"[green]{fmt}[/green]"
elif ratio >= 1:
return f"[yellow]{fmt}[/yellow]"
else:
return f"[red]{fmt}[/red]"
def _fmt_mb(num_bytes: int) -> str:
"""Format bytes as compact megabytes."""
return f"{num_bytes / 1e6:.2f}"
def run_benchmark(
source: str,
image: np.ndarray,
result: dict[str, Any],
reps: int,
warmup: int,
) -> ApiBenchmarkResult:
"""Run one dense-vs-compact parser benchmark."""
# Benchmark the public Roboflow/Inference adapter; RLE masks enter through
# the result payload and should stay compact when compact_masks=True.
def dense() -> sv.Detections:
return sv.Detections.from_inference(result)
def compact() -> sv.Detections:
return sv.Detections.from_inference(result, compact_masks=True)
dense_once = dense()
compact_once = compact()
if not isinstance(dense_once.mask, np.ndarray):
raise TypeError(f"Expected dense ndarray mask, got {type(dense_once.mask)}")
if not isinstance(compact_once.mask, CompactMask):
raise TypeError(f"Expected CompactMask, got {type(compact_once.mask)}")
np.testing.assert_array_equal(compact_once.mask.to_dense(), dense_once.mask)
dense_s = median_seconds(dense, reps, warmup)
compact_s = median_seconds(compact, reps, warmup)
dense_peak = peak_bytes(dense)
compact_peak = peak_bytes(compact)
return ApiBenchmarkResult(
source=source,
resolution=f"{image.shape[1]}x{image.shape[0]}",
segmented_objects=len(dense_once),
dense_s=dense_s,
compact_s=compact_s,
dense_peak_bytes=dense_peak,
compact_peak_bytes=compact_peak,
dense_mask_bytes=dense_mask_bytes(dense_once),
compact_mask_bytes=compact_mask_bytes(compact_once),
pixel_perfect=True,
)
def print_summary(results: list[ApiBenchmarkResult], reps: int, warmup: int) -> None:
"""Print a Rich summary table matching the compact mask benchmark style."""
table = Table(
title="CompactMask from_inference",
box=box.ROUNDED,
show_lines=False,
header_style="bold cyan",
)
table.add_column("src", style="bold", no_wrap=True)
table.add_column("res", no_wrap=True)
table.add_column("seg", justify="right")
table.add_column("dense ms", justify="right")
table.add_column("CM ms", justify="right", style="green")
table.add_column("speedup", justify="right")
table.add_column("peak MB", justify="right", style="cyan")
table.add_column("mask MB", justify="right")
table.add_column("ok", justify="center")
for result in results:
speedup = result.dense_s / max(result.compact_s, 1e-9)
table.add_row(
result.source,
result.resolution,
str(result.segmented_objects),
f"{result.dense_s * 1e3:.2f}",
f"{result.compact_s * 1e3:.2f}",
_fmt_ratio(speedup),
f"{_fmt_mb(result.dense_peak_bytes)}/{_fmt_mb(result.compact_peak_bytes)}",
f"{_fmt_mb(result.dense_mask_bytes)}/{_fmt_mb(result.compact_mask_bytes)}",
"[green]✓[/green]" if result.pixel_perfect else "[red]✗[/red]",
)
console.print(table)
console.print(
"[dim]"
+ " · ".join(
[
f"timings are median of {reps} reps after {warmup} warmups",
"peak MB and mask MB are dense/compact",
"speedup = dense / compact parse time; gains are allocation-driven"
" (avoiding the dense (N,H,W) bool-stack), not faster RLE decode",
"compact RLE arithmetic is typically slower than the dense NumPy path"
" — synthetic-dense-64 shows this adversarial regime (speedup < 1x)",
"OK means compact.to_dense() exactly matches dense masks",
]
)
+ "[/dim]"
)
def main() -> None:
"""Run the benchmark."""
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("--asset", choices=ASSETS.keys(), default=None)
parser.add_argument("--image", type=Path, default=None)
args = parser.parse_args()
assets = [args.asset] if args.asset is not None else list(ASSETS)
if args.image is not None:
assets = ["custom"]
results = []
if args.asset is None and args.image is None:
image, source, inference_result = synthetic_dense_small_result()
console.rule(f"[bold]{source}[/bold] | {image.shape[1]}x{image.shape[0]}")
results.append(
run_benchmark(
source=source,
image=image,
result=inference_result,
reps=REPETITIONS,
warmup=WARMUP,
)
)
model_id = os.getenv(MODEL_ID_ENV, MODEL_ID)
model = load_inference_model(model_id=model_id, api_key=os.getenv(API_KEY_ENV))
for asset in assets:
image, source = load_image_from_asset(args.image, asset)
console.rule(f"[bold]{source}[/bold] | {image.shape[1]}x{image.shape[0]}")
inference_result = run_inference_once(
image=image,
model=model,
model_id=model_id,
confidence=CONFIDENCE,
iou=IOU,
)
if inference_result is None:
continue
console.print(
f"[dim]captured {count_rle_predictions(inference_result)} RLE masks "
f"from {model_id}[/dim]"
)
artifact = save_segmentation_artifact(
image=image,
result=inference_result,
source=source,
)
if artifact is not None:
console.print(f"[dim]saved segmentation artifact: {artifact}[/dim]")
results.append(
run_benchmark(
source=source,
image=image,
result=inference_result,
reps=REPETITIONS,
warmup=WARMUP,
)
)
if not results:
raise ValueError(f"Model {model_id!r} returned no segmentation masks.")
print_summary(results, reps=REPETITIONS, warmup=WARMUP)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
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+72 -47
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@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
# count people in zone
[![Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/roboflow-ai/notebooks/blob/main/notebooks/how-to-detect-and-count-objects-in-polygon-zone.ipynb) [![YouTube](https://badges.aleen42.com/src/youtube.svg)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_kf9CfZ_8M)
[![Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/roboflow-ai/notebooks/blob/main/notebooks/how-to-detect-and-count-objects-in-polygon-zone.ipynb)
[![YouTube](https://badges.aleen42.com/src/youtube.svg)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_kf9CfZ_8M)
## 👋 hello
This demo is a video analysis tool that counts and highlights objects in specific zones of a video. Each zone and the objects within it are marked in different colors, making it easy to see and count the objects in each area. The tool can save this enhanced video or display it live on the screen.
This demo is a video analysis tool that counts and highlights objects in specific zones
of a video. Each zone and the objects within it are marked in different colors, making
it easy to see and count the objects in each area. The tool can save this enhanced
video or display it live on the screen.
https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/assets/26109316/f84db7b5-79e2-4142-a1da-64daa43ce667
@@ -12,61 +16,76 @@ https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/assets/26109316/f84db7b5-79e2-4142-a1da-
- clone repository and navigate to example directory
```bash
git clone --depth 1 -b develop https://github.com/roboflow/supervision.git
cd supervision/examples/count_people_in_zone
```
```bash
git clone --depth 1 -b develop https://github.com/roboflow/supervision.git
cd supervision/examples/count_people_in_zone
```
- setup python environment and activate it [optional]
- setup python environment and activate it \[optional\]
```bash
uv venv
source .venv/bin/activate
```
```bash
python3 -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate
```
- install required dependencies
```bash
uv pip install -r requirements.txt
```
```bash
pip install -r requirements.txt
```
- download `traffic_analysis.pt` and `traffic_analysis.mov` files
```bash
./setup.sh
```
```bash
./setup.sh
```
## 🛠️ script arguments
- ultralytics
- `--source_weights_path` (optional): The path to the YOLO model's weights file. Defaults to `"yolov8x.pt"` if not specified.
- `--source_weights_path` (optional): The path to the YOLO model's weights file.
Defaults to `"yolov8x.pt"` if not specified.
- `--zone_configuration_path`: Specifies the path to the JSON file containing zone configurations. This file defines the polygonal areas in the video where objects will be counted.
- `--zone_configuration_path`: Specifies the path to the JSON file containing zone
configurations. This file defines the polygonal areas in the video where objects will
be counted.
- `--source_video_path`: The path to the source video file that will be analyzed.
- `--source_video_path`: The path to the source video file that will be analyzed.
- `--target_video_path` (optional): The path to save the output video with annotations. If not provided, the processed video will be displayed in real-time.
- `--target_video_path` (optional): The path to save the output video with annotations.
If not provided, the processed video will be displayed in real-time.
- `--confidence_threshold` (optional): Sets the confidence threshold for the YOLO model to filter detections. Default is `0.3`.
- `--confidence_threshold` (optional): Sets the confidence threshold for the YOLO model
to filter detections. Default is `0.3`.
- `--iou_threshold` (optional): Specifies the IOU (Intersection Over Union) threshold for the model. Default is `0.7`.
- `--iou_threshold` (optional): Specifies the IOU (Intersection Over Union) threshold
for the model. Default is `0.7`.
- inference
- `--roboflow_api_key` (optional): The API key for Roboflow services. If not provided directly, the script tries to fetch it from the `ROBOFLOW_API_KEY` environment variable. Follow [this guide](https://docs.roboflow.com/api-reference/authentication#retrieve-an-api-key) to acquire your `API KEY`.
- `--roboflow_api_key` (optional): The API key for Roboflow services. If not provided
directly, the script tries to fetch it from the `ROBOFLOW_API_KEY` environment
variable. Follow [this guide](https://docs.roboflow.com/api-reference/authentication#retrieve-an-api-key)
to acquire your `API KEY`.
- `--model_id` (optional): Designates the Roboflow model ID to be used. The default value is `"yolov8x-1280"`.
- `--model_id` (optional): Designates the Roboflow model ID to be used. The default
value is `"yolov8x-1280"`.
- `--zone_configuration_path`: Specifies the path to the JSON file containing zone configurations. This file defines the polygonal areas in the video where objects will be counted.
- `--zone_configuration_path`: Specifies the path to the JSON file containing zone
configurations. This file defines the polygonal areas in the video where objects will
be counted.
- `--source_video_path`: The path to the source video file that will be analyzed.
- `--source_video_path`: The path to the source video file that will be analyzed.
- `--target_video_path` (optional): The path to save the output video with annotations. If not provided, the processed video will be displayed in real-time.
- `--target_video_path` (optional): The path to save the output video with annotations.
If not provided, the processed video will be displayed in real-time.
- `--confidence_threshold` (optional): Sets the confidence threshold for the YOLO model to filter detections. Default is `0.3`.
- `--confidence_threshold` (optional): Sets the confidence threshold for the YOLO model
to filter detections. Default is `0.3`.
- `--iou_threshold` (optional): Specifies the IOU (Intersection Over Union) threshold for the model. Default is `0.7`.
- `--iou_threshold` (optional): Specifies the IOU (Intersection Over Union) threshold
for the model. Default is `0.7`.
## 📌 zone configuration
@@ -79,29 +98,35 @@ https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/assets/26109316/f84db7b5-79e2-4142-a1da-
- ultralytics
```bash
python ultralytics_example.py \
--zone_configuration_path data/multi-zone-config.json \
--source_video_path data/market-square.mp4 \
--confidence_threshold 0.3 \
--iou_threshold 0.5
```
```bash
python ultralytics_example.py \
--zone_configuration_path data/multi-zone-config.json \
--source_video_path data/market-square.mp4 \
--confidence_threshold 0.3 \
--iou_threshold 0.5
```
- inference
```bash
python inference_example.py \
--roboflow_api_key "ROBOFLOW_API_KEY" \
--zone_configuration_path data/multi-zone-config.json \
--source_video_path data/market-square.mp4 \
--confidence_threshold 0.3 \
--iou_threshold 0.5
```
```bash
python inference_example.py \
--roboflow_api_key <ROBOFLOW API KEY> \
--zone_configuration_path data/multi-zone-config.json \
--source_video_path data/market-square.mp4 \
--confidence_threshold 0.3 \
--iou_threshold 0.5
```
## © license
This demo integrates two main components, each with its own licensing:
- ultralytics: The object detection model used in this demo, YOLOv8, is distributed under the [AGPL-3.0 license](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/LICENSE). You can find more details about this license here.
- ultralytics: The object detection model used in this demo, YOLOv8, is distributed
under the [AGPL-3.0 license](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/LICENSE).
You can find more details about this license here.
- supervision: The analytics code that powers the zone-based analysis in this demo is based on the Supervision library, which is licensed under the [MIT license](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/develop/LICENSE.md). This makes the Supervision part of the code fully open source and freely usable in your projects.
- supervision: The analytics code that powers the zone-based analysis in this demo is
based on the Supervision library, which is licensed under the
[MIT license](https://github.com/roboflow/supervision/blob/develop/LICENSE.md). This
makes the Supervision part of the code fully open source and freely usable in your
projects.

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