diff --git a/cmake/utils.cmake b/cmake/utils.cmake
index cda8a05..30195c6 100644
--- a/cmake/utils.cmake
+++ b/cmake/utils.cmake
@@ -1,3 +1,22 @@
+# Promote a target's INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES to be treated as SYSTEM
+# includes by consumers, suppressing warnings from third-party headers.
+function(mark_target_includes_system)
+    foreach(_target ${ARGN})
+        if(NOT TARGET ${_target})
+            continue()
+        endif()
+        get_target_property(_aliased ${_target} ALIASED_TARGET)
+        if(_aliased)
+            set(_target ${_aliased})
+        endif()
+        get_target_property(_inc ${_target} INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
+        if(_inc)
+            set_target_properties(${_target} PROPERTIES
+                INTERFACE_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${_inc}")
+        endif()
+    endforeach()
+endfunction()
+
 function(apply_patch_once patch_name target_dir patch_file)
     set(mark_file "${target_dir}/.${patch_name}_patched")
 
diff --git a/thirdparty/CRoaring/CMakeLists.txt b/thirdparty/CRoaring/CMakeLists.txt
index f819ee2..49b6f5c 100644
--- a/thirdparty/CRoaring/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/thirdparty/CRoaring/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ set_target_properties(roaring PROPERTIES
 # Two include roots:
 #   - CRoaring-2.0.4/         -> <roaring.h>, <roaring.hh>, <roaring64map.hh>
 #   - CRoaring-2.0.4/include/ -> <roaring/roaring.h>  (legacy path used in code)
-target_include_directories(roaring PUBLIC
+target_include_directories(roaring SYSTEM PUBLIC
     $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${_ROARING_AMAL_DIR}>
     $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${_ROARING_AMAL_DIR}/include>
 )
diff --git a/thirdparty/RaBitQ-Library/CMakeLists.txt b/thirdparty/RaBitQ-Library/CMakeLists.txt
index 43ceaba..6f0ee93 100644
--- a/thirdparty/RaBitQ-Library/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/thirdparty/RaBitQ-Library/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 add_library(rabitqlib INTERFACE)
 target_include_directories(
-    rabitqlib INTERFACE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/RaBitQ-Library-0.1/include"
+    rabitqlib SYSTEM INTERFACE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/RaBitQ-Library-0.1/include"
   )
diff --git a/thirdparty/antlr/CMakeLists.txt b/thirdparty/antlr/CMakeLists.txt
index 6a296eb..e176996 100644
--- a/thirdparty/antlr/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/thirdparty/antlr/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -7,9 +7,10 @@ if(MSVC)
 endif()
 add_subdirectory(antlr4/runtime/Cpp/)
 
-target_include_directories(antlr4_static INTERFACE
+target_include_directories(antlr4_static SYSTEM INTERFACE
         "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/antlr4/runtime/Cpp/runtime/src/"
 )
+mark_target_includes_system(antlr4_static)
 
 if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
     target_compile_options(antlr4_static PRIVATE -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wno-unqualified-std-cast-call)
diff --git a/thirdparty/arrow/CMakeLists.txt b/thirdparty/arrow/CMakeLists.txt
index e9860e1..0c4603b 100644
--- a/thirdparty/arrow/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/thirdparty/arrow/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -149,6 +149,7 @@ add_library(Arrow::arrow_depends UNKNOWN IMPORTED GLOBAL)
 set_target_properties(
         Arrow::arrow_depends PROPERTIES
         INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${EXTERNAL_INC_DIR}
+        INTERFACE_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${EXTERNAL_INC_DIR}
         IMPORTED_LOCATION "${LIB_ARROW_DEPENDS}"
 )
 add_dependencies(Arrow::arrow_depends ARROW.BUILD)
@@ -158,6 +159,7 @@ add_library(Arrow::arrow_static UNKNOWN IMPORTED GLOBAL)
 set_target_properties(
         Arrow::arrow_static PROPERTIES
         INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${EXTERNAL_INC_DIR}
+        INTERFACE_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${EXTERNAL_INC_DIR}
         IMPORTED_LOCATION "${LIB_ARROW}"
         INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "Arrow::arrow_depends"
         INTERFACE_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS "ARROW_STATIC" #TODO(windows): see if this can be removed
@@ -168,6 +170,7 @@ add_library(Arrow::parquet_static UNKNOWN IMPORTED GLOBAL)
 set_target_properties(
         Arrow::parquet_static PROPERTIES
         INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${EXTERNAL_INC_DIR}
+        INTERFACE_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${EXTERNAL_INC_DIR}
         IMPORTED_LOCATION "${LIB_PARQUET}"
         INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "Arrow::arrow_depends;Arrow::arrow_static"
         INTERFACE_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS "PARQUET_STATIC"
@@ -178,6 +181,7 @@ add_library(Arrow::arrow_compute UNKNOWN IMPORTED GLOBAL)
 set_target_properties(
         Arrow::arrow_compute PROPERTIES
         INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${EXTERNAL_INC_DIR}
+        INTERFACE_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${EXTERNAL_INC_DIR}
         IMPORTED_LOCATION "${LIB_COMPUTE}"
         INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "Arrow::arrow_depends;Arrow::arrow_static"
         INTERFACE_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS "ARROW_COMPUTE_STATIC"
@@ -188,6 +192,7 @@ add_library(Arrow::arrow_acero UNKNOWN IMPORTED GLOBAL)
 set_target_properties(
         Arrow::arrow_acero PROPERTIES
         INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${EXTERNAL_INC_DIR}
+        INTERFACE_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${EXTERNAL_INC_DIR}
         IMPORTED_LOCATION "${LIB_ACERO}"
         INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "Arrow::arrow_depends;Arrow::arrow_static;Arrow::arrow_compute"
         INTERFACE_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS "ARROW_ACERO_STATIC"
@@ -198,6 +203,7 @@ add_library(Arrow::arrow_dataset UNKNOWN IMPORTED GLOBAL)
 set_target_properties(
         Arrow::arrow_dataset PROPERTIES
         INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${EXTERNAL_INC_DIR}
+        INTERFACE_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${EXTERNAL_INC_DIR}
         IMPORTED_LOCATION "${LIB_ARROW_DATASET}"
         INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "Arrow::arrow_depends;Arrow::arrow_static;Arrow::arrow_compute;Arrow::arrow_acero"
         INTERFACE_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS "ARROW_DS_STATIC"
diff --git a/thirdparty/gflags/CMakeLists.txt b/thirdparty/gflags/CMakeLists.txt
index 917fc49..48948ec 100644
--- a/thirdparty/gflags/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/thirdparty/gflags/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ add_subdirectory(gflags-2.2.2)
 set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${_SAVED_CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY})
 unset(_SAVED_CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY)
 
+mark_target_includes_system(gflags gflags_static gflags_nothreads_static)
+
 get_target_property(gflags_OUTPUT_NAME gflags OUTPUT_NAME)
 get_target_property(gflags_BINARY_DIR gflags BINARY_DIR)
 get_target_property(gflags_SOURCE_DIR gflags SOURCE_DIR)
diff --git a/thirdparty/glog/CMakeLists.txt b/thirdparty/glog/CMakeLists.txt
index 38083bf..dce0e69 100644
--- a/thirdparty/glog/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/thirdparty/glog/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ unset(_SAVED_CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY)
 
 add_dependencies(glog gflags)
 
+mark_target_includes_system(glog)
+
 if(MSVC)
     # Modern MSVC (1900+/VS2015+) provides snprintf in the CRT.
     # Suppress glog's own declaration which conflicts with the SDK header.
diff --git a/thirdparty/googletest/CMakeLists.txt b/thirdparty/googletest/CMakeLists.txt
index 0ba5ddf..4a4badf 100644
--- a/thirdparty/googletest/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/thirdparty/googletest/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ add_subdirectory(googletest-1.10.0)
 set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${_SAVED_CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY})
 unset(_SAVED_CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY)
 
+mark_target_includes_system(gtest gtest_main gmock gmock_main)
+
 get_target_property(GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS gtest INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
 
 set(GTEST_FOUND TRUE PARENT_SCOPE)
diff --git a/thirdparty/lz4/CMakeLists.txt b/thirdparty/lz4/CMakeLists.txt
index 5e73245..66c31f1 100644
--- a/thirdparty/lz4/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/thirdparty/lz4/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@ add_library(lz4 STATIC IMPORTED GLOBAL)
 set_target_properties(
     lz4 PROPERTIES
     INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${lz4_INCLUDE_DIR}"
+    INTERFACE_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${lz4_INCLUDE_DIR}"
     IMPORTED_LOCATION "${lz4_LIBRARY_DIR}/${LZ4_LIB_NAME}"
 )
 add_dependencies(lz4 Lz4.BUILD)
diff --git a/thirdparty/magic_enum/CMakeLists.txt b/thirdparty/magic_enum/CMakeLists.txt
index 9178019..a36c84c 100644
--- a/thirdparty/magic_enum/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/thirdparty/magic_enum/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 add_library(magic_enum INTERFACE)
 target_include_directories(
-    magic_enum INTERFACE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/magic_enum-0.9.7/include/"
+    magic_enum SYSTEM INTERFACE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/magic_enum-0.9.7/include/"
   )
diff --git a/thirdparty/protobuf/CMakeLists.txt b/thirdparty/protobuf/CMakeLists.txt
index 0eebf94..a9041d4 100644
--- a/thirdparty/protobuf/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/thirdparty/protobuf/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ add_subdirectory(protobuf-3.21.12/cmake protobuf-3.21.12)
 set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${_SAVED_CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY})
 unset(_SAVED_CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY)
 
+mark_target_includes_system(libprotobuf libprotobuf-lite libprotoc)
+
 if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
     target_compile_options(libprotobuf PRIVATE 
         -Wno-deprecated-declarations 
diff --git a/thirdparty/rocksdb/CMakeLists.txt b/thirdparty/rocksdb/CMakeLists.txt
index 5f1bc3c..1844aeb 100644
--- a/thirdparty/rocksdb/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/thirdparty/rocksdb/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ if(NOT TARGET lz4::lz4)
         IMPORTED_LOCATION_MINSIZEREL "${lz4_LIBRARY}"
         IMPORTED_LOCATION_RELWITHDEBINFO "${lz4_LIBRARY}"
         INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${lz4_INCLUDE_DIR}"
+        INTERFACE_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${lz4_INCLUDE_DIR}"
     )
     add_dependencies(lz4::lz4 Lz4.BUILD)
 endif()
@@ -71,6 +72,7 @@ unset(_SAVED_CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY)
 get_target_property(rocksdb_SOURCE_DIR rocksdb SOURCE_DIR)
 set(ROCKSDB_INCLUDE_DIR ${rocksdb_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
 
-target_include_directories(rocksdb PUBLIC $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${ROCKSDB_INCLUDE_DIR}>)
-target_include_directories(rocksdb PRIVATE ${lz4_INCLUDE_DIR})
+target_include_directories(rocksdb SYSTEM PUBLIC $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${ROCKSDB_INCLUDE_DIR}>)
+target_include_directories(rocksdb SYSTEM PRIVATE ${lz4_INCLUDE_DIR})
+mark_target_includes_system(rocksdb)
 add_dependencies(rocksdb Lz4.BUILD)
diff --git a/thirdparty/sparsehash/CMakeLists.txt b/thirdparty/sparsehash/CMakeLists.txt
index c389505..a588e0e 100644
--- a/thirdparty/sparsehash/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/thirdparty/sparsehash/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ endif()
 
 add_library(sparsehash INTERFACE)
 target_include_directories(
-    sparsehash INTERFACE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/sparsehash-2.0.4/src/"
+    sparsehash SYSTEM INTERFACE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/sparsehash-2.0.4/src/"
   )
diff --git a/thirdparty/yaml-cpp/CMakeLists.txt b/thirdparty/yaml-cpp/CMakeLists.txt
index d237d6f..7643541 100644
--- a/thirdparty/yaml-cpp/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/thirdparty/yaml-cpp/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ add_subdirectory(yaml-cpp-0.6.3)
 set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${_SAVED_CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY})
 unset(_SAVED_CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY)
 
+mark_target_includes_system(yaml-cpp)
+
 if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
     target_compile_options(yaml-cpp PRIVATE -Wno-shadow)
 elseif(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "GNU")