369 lines
14 KiB
Python
369 lines
14 KiB
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
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"""
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小唯自适应策略 — 智能切换MACD/MA20/买入持有
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==========================================
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根据市场环境自动选择最优策略
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判断逻辑:
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- 趋势强度(ADX) > 25 → 趋势市场 → MA20突破(追涨)
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- ADX <= 25 → 震荡市场 → MACD(区间波动)
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- 持仓时ADX突然下降 → 快速离场
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用法:
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python3 stock_adaptive.py <代码> [起始] [结束]
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python3 stock_adaptive.py --batch # 批量测5只股票
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"""
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import json, sys, urllib.request
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from datetime import datetime
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from pathlib import Path
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import numpy as np
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import pandas as pd
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OUTPUT = Path.home() / ".hermes" / "stock_backtest"
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OUTPUT.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
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FEISHU_WEBHOOK = "https://open.feishu.cn/open-apis/bot/v2/hook/446db983-e392-4d2c-bfb8-f9060e5df3ad"
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def send_feishu(msg):
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payload = json.dumps({"msg_type": "text", "content": {"text": msg}}).encode()
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req = urllib.request.Request(FEISHU_WEBHOOK, data=payload,
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headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"})
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try:
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with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=10):
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pass
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except Exception:
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pass
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def get_data(code, start, end):
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mc = f"sh{code}" if code.startswith("6") else f"sz{code}"
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url = (f"https://web.ifzq.gtimg.cn/appstock/app/fqkline/get"
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f"?_var=kline_dayqfq¶m={mc},day,{start},{end},500,qfq")
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try:
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text = urllib.request.urlopen(url, timeout=10).read().decode("utf-8")
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data = json.loads(text.replace("kline_dayqfq=", "", 1))
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qfq = (data.get("data", {}).get(mc, {}).get("qfqday") or
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data.get("data", {}).get(mc, {}).get("day") or [])
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rows = []
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for item in qfq:
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if len(item) < 6:
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continue
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try:
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rows.append({"date": item[0], "open": float(item[1]),
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"close": float(item[2]), "high": float(item[3]),
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"low": float(item[4]), "volume": float(item[5])})
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except (ValueError, IndexError):
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continue
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df = pd.DataFrame(rows)
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df["date"] = pd.to_datetime(df["date"])
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df.set_index("date", inplace=True)
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df.sort_index(inplace=True)
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return df
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except Exception:
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return None
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def compute_adx(df, n=14):
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"""计算ADX指标(趋势强度)，>25表示趋势市场"""
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high = df["high"]
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low = df["low"]
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close = df["close"]
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# +DM, -DM
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plus_dm = high.diff()
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minus_dm = -low.diff()
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plus_dm[plus_dm < 0] = 0
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minus_dm[minus_dm < 0] = 0
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# True Range
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tr1 = high - low
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tr2 = abs(high - close.shift())
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tr3 = abs(low - close.shift())
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tr = pd.concat([tr1, tr2, tr3], axis=1).max(axis=1)
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# ADX
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atr = tr.rolling(n).mean()
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plus_di = (plus_dm.rolling(n).mean() / atr * 100).fillna(0)
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minus_di = (minus_dm.rolling(n).mean() / atr * 100).fillna(0)
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dx = (abs(plus_di - minus_di) / (plus_di + minus_di + 1e-9) * 100).fillna(0)
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adx = dx.rolling(n).mean()
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return adx
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def adaptive_backtest(df, cash=100000, stop_loss_pct=8.0, max_position_pct=30.0):
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"""
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自适应策略: ADX>25用MA20，ADX<=25用MACD
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新增风险管理:
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- 止损: 单笔回撤超过stop_loss_pct%强制平仓
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- 仓位: 最高不超过max_position_pct%的资金
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- 最大回撤监控: 实时追踪Equity Peak
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"""
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closes = df["close"].values
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n = len(closes)
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# 预计算所有指标
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ma20 = pd.Series(closes).rolling(20).mean()
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adx = compute_adx(df, 14)
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adx_vals = adx.fillna(0).values
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ema12 = pd.Series(closes).ewm(span=12).mean()
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ema26 = pd.Series(closes).ewm(span=26).mean()
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macd = ema12 - ema26
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signal = macd.ewm(span=9).mean()
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macd_vals = macd.values
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signal_vals = signal.values
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# 持仓状态
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shares = 0
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c = cash
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peak = cash
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max_dd = 0.0
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trades = []
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regime_changes = []
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stop_loss_triggered = 0 # 止损次数
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for i in range(26, n):
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price = closes[i]
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regime = "TREND" if adx_vals[i] > 25 else "RANGE"
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# === 止损检查（任何持仓状态都检查）===
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if shares > 0:
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cost = trades[-1][3] if trades and trades[-1][0] == "BUY" else 0
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if cost > 0:
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drawdown_pct = (cost - price) / cost * 100
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if drawdown_pct >= stop_loss_pct:
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c += shares * price
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trades.append(("STOP_LOSS", df.index[i], shares, price, f"止损-{drawdown_pct:.1f}%"))
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shares = 0
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stop_loss_triggered += 1
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continue # 本周期不再处理其他信号
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# === MA20突破信号(趋势市场) ===
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if regime == "TREND":
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if shares == 0:
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if closes[i] > ma20.iloc[i] and closes[i-1] <= ma20.iloc[i-1]:
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# 仓位限制
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invest = min(c * (max_position_pct / 100), c)
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s = int(invest / price)
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if s > 0:
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c -= s * price
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shares = s
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trades.append(("BUY", df.index[i], s, price, "MA20_TREND"))
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elif shares > 0:
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if closes[i] < ma20.iloc[i] and closes[i-1] >= ma20.iloc[i-1]:
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c += shares * price
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trades.append(("SELL", df.index[i], shares, price, "MA20_TREND"))
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shares = 0
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# === MACD信号(震荡市场) ===
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else: # RANGE
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if shares == 0:
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if macd_vals[i] > signal_vals[i] and macd_vals[i-1] <= signal_vals[i-1]:
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invest = min(c * (max_position_pct / 100), c)
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s = int(invest / price)
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if s > 0:
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c -= s * price
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shares = s
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trades.append(("BUY", df.index[i], s, price, "MACD_RANGE"))
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elif shares > 0:
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if macd_vals[i] < signal_vals[i] and macd_vals[i-1] >= signal_vals[i-1]:
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c += shares * price
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trades.append(("SELL", df.index[i], shares, price, "MACD_RANGE"))
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shares = 0
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equity = c + shares * price
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peak = max(peak, equity)
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dd = (peak - equity) / peak * 100 if peak > 0 else 0
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max_dd = max(max_dd, dd)
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final = c + shares * closes[-1]
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ret = (final - cash) / cash * 100
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bh = (closes[-1] - closes[0]) / closes[0] * 100
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# 统计
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total_trades = len([t for t in trades if t[0] == "SELL"])
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ma20_trades = len([t for t in trades if t[0] == "SELL" and t[4] == "MA20_TREND"])
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macd_trades = len([t for t in trades if t[0] == "SELL" and t[4] == "MACD_RANGE"])
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wins = len([t for t in trades if t[0] in ("SELL", "STOP_LOSS") and len(t) > 3 and t[3] > 0])
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return {
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"final": final, "return": ret, "buyhold": bh,
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"alpha": ret - bh, "max_dd": max_dd,
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"total_trades": total_trades,
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"ma20_trades": ma20_trades,
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"macd_trades": macd_trades,
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"winrate": wins / total_trades * 100 if total_trades > 0 else 0,
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"stop_loss_triggered": stop_loss_triggered,
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"trades": [(t[0], str(t[1].date()), t[2], t[3], t[4]) for t in trades],
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}
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def run_benchmark(df, cash=100000):
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"""跑三个基准策略用于对比"""
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closes = df["close"].values
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# MACD
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ema12 = pd.Series(closes).ewm(span=12).mean()
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ema26 = pd.Series(closes).ewm(span=26).mean()
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macd = ema12 - ema26
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signal = macd.ewm(span=9).mean()
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shares = 0; c = cash; trades = 0
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for i in range(26, len(closes)):
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p = closes[i]
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if macd.iloc[i] > signal.iloc[i] and macd.iloc[i-1] <= signal.iloc[i-1]:
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if shares == 0:
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n = int(c / p); c -= n * p; shares = n
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elif macd.iloc[i] < signal.iloc[i] and macd.iloc[i-1] >= signal.iloc[i-1]:
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if shares > 0:
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c += shares * p; shares = 0; trades += 1
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final = c + shares * closes[-1]
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macd_ret = (final - cash) / cash * 100
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# MA20
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ma20 = pd.Series(closes).rolling(20).mean()
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shares = 0; c = cash; trades = 0
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for i in range(20, len(closes)):
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p = closes[i]
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if closes[i] > ma20.iloc[i] and closes[i-1] <= ma20.iloc[i-1]:
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if shares == 0:
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n = int(c / p); c -= n * p; shares = n
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elif closes[i] < ma20.iloc[i] and closes[i-1] >= ma20.iloc[i-1]:
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if shares > 0:
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c += shares * p; shares = 0; trades += 1
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final = c + shares * closes[-1]
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ma20_ret = (final - cash) / cash * 100
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bh = (closes[-1] - closes[0]) / closes[0] * 100
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return {"macd": macd_ret, "ma20": ma20_ret, "buyhold": bh}
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def analyze(code, start, end=None):
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end = end or datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
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df = get_data(code, start, end)
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if df is None or len(df) < 60:
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print(f"数据获取失败"); return
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result = adaptive_backtest(df)
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bench = run_benchmark(df)
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print(f"\n{'='*60}")
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print(f"自适应策略 vs 基准 | {code} | {start} ~ {end}")
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print(f"{'='*60}")
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print(f"{'策略':<22} {'收益':>10} {'α':>10} {'最大回撤':>10} {'交易':>6}")
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print(f"{'-'*60}")
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print(f"{'自适应(ADX切换)':<22} {result['return']:>+9.1f}% {result['alpha']:>+9.1f}% {result['max_dd']:>9.1f}% {result['total_trades']:>6}")
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print(f"{'MA20突破(固定)':<22} {bench['ma20']:>+9.1f}% {bench['ma20']-bench['buyhold']:>+9.1f}%")
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print(f"{'MACD(固定)':<22} {bench['macd']:>+9.1f}% {bench['macd']-bench['buyhold']:>+9.1f}%")
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print(f"{'买入持有':<22} {bench['buyhold']:>+9.1f}% {'基准':>9}")
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print(f"{'='*60}")
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print(f"自适应内: MA20触发{result['ma20_trades']}次, MACD触发{result['macd_trades']}次")
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print(f"胜率: {result['winrate']:.0f}%")
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# 飞书
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msg = f"""📊 自适应策略对比
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代码: {code} | {start} ~ {end} | {len(df)}条
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策略收益对比:
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自适应(ADX切换): {result['return']:+.1f}% (α={result['alpha']:+.1f}%, 回撤{result['max_dd']:.1f}%, {result['total_trades']}笔)
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MA20突破(固定): {bench['ma20']:+.1f}%
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MACD(固定): {bench['macd']:+.1f}%
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买入持有基准: {bench['buyhold']:+.1f}%
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风险管理:
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- 止损线: 8%强制平仓（触发{result['stop_loss_triggered']}次）
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- 仓位上限: 30%单笔
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- 最大回撤: {result['max_dd']:.1f}%
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自适应内: MA20触发{result['ma20_trades']}次, MACD触发{result['macd_trades']}次
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胜率: {result['winrate']:.0f}%
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生成: {datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')}
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小唯股票投研 · 自适应策略"""
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send_feishu(msg)
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result_file = OUTPUT / f"adaptive_{code}.json"
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with open(result_file, "w") as f:
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json.dump({"code": code, "start": start, "end": end,
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"adaptive": result, "benchmark": bench}, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2, default=str)
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print(f"数据存: {result_file}")
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return result
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def batch_test():
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"""批量测5只股票"""
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stocks = [
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("600519", "贵州茅台", "2023-01-01"),
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("000858", "五粮液", "2023-01-01"),
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("000001", "平安银行", "2023-01-01"),
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("300750", "宁德时代", "2023-01-01"),
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("510300", "沪深300ETF", "2023-01-01"),
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]
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end = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
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results = []
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print(f"\n{'='*70}")
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print(f"{'股票':<12} {'基准':>8} {'MA20':>8} {'MACD':>8} {'自适应α':>10} {'自适应回撤':>10} {'自适应胜率':>8}")
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print(f"{'-'*70}")
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for code, name, start in stocks:
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df = get_data(code, start, end)
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if df is None:
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print(f"{name:<12} 数据获取失败")
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continue
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r = adaptive_backtest(df)
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b = run_benchmark(df)
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results.append({
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"name": name, "code": code,
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"buyhold": b["buyhold"],
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"ma20": b["ma20"],
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"macd": b["macd"],
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"adaptive": r["return"],
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"adaptive_alpha": r["alpha"],
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"adaptive_dd": r["max_dd"],
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"adaptive_wr": r["winrate"],
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"ma20_trades": r["ma20_trades"],
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"macd_trades": r["macd_trades"],
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})
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print(f"{name:<12} {b['buyhold']:>+7.1f}% {b['ma20']:>+7.1f}% {b['macd']:>+7.1f}% {r['alpha']:>+9.1f}% {r['max_dd']:>9.1f}% {r['winrate']:>7.0f}%")
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print(f"{'='*70}")
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# 汇总
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avg_alpha = np.mean([x["adaptive_alpha"] for x in results])
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win_count = sum(1 for x in results if x["adaptive_alpha"] > 0)
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print(f"\n自适应策略平均α: {avg_alpha:+.1f}% | 跑赢基准: {win_count}/{len(results)}只")
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msg = f"""📊 自适应策略批量测试(5只)
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| 股票 | 基准 | MA20 | MACD | 自适应α | 回撤 | 胜率 |
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|------|------|------|------|--------|------|------|
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"""
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for x in results:
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msg += f"| {x['name']} | {x['buyhold']:+.0f}% | {x['ma20']:+.0f}% | {x['macd']:+.0f}% | **{x['adaptive_alpha']:+.1f}%** | {x['adaptive_dd']:.0f}% | {x['adaptive_wr']:.0f}% |\n"
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msg += f"""
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平均超额收益(α): **{avg_alpha:+.1f}%**
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跑赢基准: {win_count}/{len(results)}只
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自适应策略: ADX>25用MA20突破, ADX≤25用MACD
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结论: {'有效 ✅' if avg_alpha > 0 else '无效 ❌'}
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生成: {datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')}"""
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send_feishu(msg)
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print("\n✅ 批量测试完成，已推送飞书")
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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if "--batch" in sys.argv:
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batch_test()
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elif len(sys.argv) < 2:
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print("用法: python3 stock_adaptive.py <代码> [起始] [结束]")
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print(" python3 stock_adaptive.py --batch")
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else:
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code = sys.argv[1]
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start = sys.argv[2] if len(sys.argv) > 2 else "2023-01-01"
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end = sys.argv[3] if len(sys.argv) > 3 else datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
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analyze(code, start, end) |