chore: drop local notes/ and pr-evidence/ from the tree (#8677)

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@ -100,9 +100,9 @@ docs/reference/react-performance-audit.md
validation-screenshots/
.stably-browser
# PR verification evidence screenshots are referenced from notes but should not
# be committed.
notes/artifacts/
# Local scratch notes and PR evidence screenshots (not part of the product).
/notes/
/pr-evidence/
# Playwright
test-results/
@ -123,5 +123,5 @@ src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/.ko-catalog-cache.json
src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/.ja-catalog-cache.json
src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/.es-catalog-cache.json
# Bench result JSONs are working artifacts; headline numbers live in notes/terminal-performance-initiative.md
# Bench result JSONs are working artifacts
tools/benchmarks/results/terminal-pipeline-*.json

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# Garble differential fuzz — divergence log
Findings from the HeadlessEmulator-vs-renderer-twin differential fuzz
(`src/main/daemon/headless-emulator-fidelity.fuzz.test.ts`). Each divergence is
a case where restoring a hidden terminal from its main-side snapshot
(`serialize → replay`, exactly as `applyMainBufferSnapshot` does on reveal)
produces a screen that differs from an always-visible renderer terminal fed the
same bytes. Any such diff is a user-visible garble on reveal.
## Method
- Corpus: seeded agent-TUI byte streams (`buildAgentTuiStreamOps`), 3 pane
sizes, PTY-style random chunk splitting.
- Differential: production `HeadlessEmulator` snapshot replayed into a fresh
renderer-parity terminal, compared cell-by-cell (text, per-cell style,
cursor, modes, scrollback) against an always-visible renderer-parity twin.
- Parity confirmed: `createRendererParityTerminal` mirrors the renderer pane's
buffer-affecting options exactly — `scrollback: 5000`, `allowProposedApi`,
`vtExtensions.kittyKeyboard`, `Unicode11Addon`, Orca ZWJ provider (verified
against `buildDefaultTerminalOptions` in
`src/renderer/src/lib/pane-manager/pane-terminal-options.ts` and
`pane-dom-creation.ts`). Render-only options (`minimumContrastRatio`,
`drawBoldTextInBrightColors`, font, cursor, scrollbar) do not alter stored
cell attributes, so their omission is not a source of false diffs.
`windowsMode` is unset in both (matches renderer). Addon versions:
`@xterm/addon-serialize` / `@xterm/headless` / `@xterm/addon-unicode11` all
`*-beta.287` (headless `6.1.0-beta.287`).
- Scan: seeds 1..2000. Every divergence is either the known serialize-wrap bug
(predicate `bufferHasSerializeHostileWrappedRow`, tolerated + counted) or is
listed below.
## Inventory
| bug | found by | seeds | classification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| A — serialize wrap null-cell | fidelity (suite 1) | 31, 157, 171, 207, 423, 426, 502, 801, 815, 826, 865, 881, 923, 977, 1004, 1119, 1142, 1238, 1241, 1318, 1351, 1374, 1532, 1601, 1657, 1728, 1770 (27 in 1..2000) | (a) real serialize bug, pre-documented + pinned — STILL OPEN |
| B — SGR bold loss (`1;22`) | fidelity (suite 1) | 435, 770, 1321 | (a) real serialize bug — FIXED by the addon patch (intensity-group SGR reorder, config/patches) |
| C — cursor off-by-one at right margin | fidelity (suite 1) | 454, 1696 | (a) real serialize bug — FIXED Orca-side (absolute-cursor epilogue, serializeWithAbsoluteCursor) |
| D — DECSC saved-cursor lost across reveal | reconciliation (suite 2) | seed 3 | (a) real snapshot limitation — FIXED (snapshot re-saves the DECSC register, readSavedCursorRegister) |
| E — snapshot boundary mid-escape-sequence | reconciliation (suite 2) | seed 4 (+~24% of corpus) | (a) real snapshot limitation — FIXED (pendingEscapeTailAnsi carried out-of-band, terminal-partial-escape-tail.ts) |
Status update (fix/snapshot-decsc-midescape): B/C/D/E repros are UNSKIPPED and
their corpus tolerances removed — only Bug A remains tolerated + counted. Bug D
carries position only (saved SGR/charset are not re-established — the synthetic
ESC 7 saves the serializer's final pen). Bug E's pending tail is a separate
snapshot field written LAST by restorers because any later ESC (e.g. the
post-replay reset) would abort the dangling sequence; its bytes are already
counted by the snapshot seq, so tail-slice arithmetic is unchanged.
All five bug classes are reproduced by dedicated minimal `test.skip` repros so
they cannot silently regress, AND each is tolerated + counted by its suite's
corpus loop so deep mode surfaces only genuinely NEW divergences:
- Suite 1 (fidelity): Bug A via `bufferHasSerializeHostileWrappedRow`, Bug B via
`snapshotHasSelfCancellingBoldReset` (matches the `1;22` in the serialized
snapshot), Bug C via `isMarginWrapPendingCursorOffByOne` (cursor x-1 with a
full-width content row). Green at the default 300 and at `FUZZ_ITERATIONS=2000`.
- Suite 2 (reconciliation): Bug E via `prefixEndsMidSequence`. Bug D and the
Bug-C cursor cascade are kept out of the corpus by an append-only racing tail
(no DECSC/cursor motion) and pinned only as standalone repros. Green at the
default 200 and at `FUZZ_ITERATIONS=1000`.
Each tolerance has a `< max(3, ITERATIONS*0.5)` guard so a predicate that starts
tripping on most seeds fails the suite instead of silently swallowing it.
Seed 113 (called out in the handoff as a "DECSC/DECRC detour writing colored
text mid-line") does not diverge on the current harness. It is a `savedCursor
Detour` op seed; DECSC/DECRC SGR carry is correctly preserved by both the
emulator and the serializer here. It was most likely an earlier observation
folded into Bug C (the DECRC cases 1696 also involve `\x1b7`/`\x1b8`), or a
transient during harness construction. No live divergence at 113.
---
## Bug A — SerializeAddon drops null cells at a soft-wrap boundary
**Classification: (a) real `@xterm/addon-serialize` bug.** Pre-existing; found
and minimized by the prior agent, pinned by two `test.skip` repros in the fuzz
suite (V1 seed 31, V2 seed 157). Full mechanism documented in
`bufferHasSerializeHostileWrappedRow` and the suite's headline comment.
- **V1 (cell loss):** a wrapped continuation row starting with a NULL cell
passes the addon's wrap-validity ternary, gets skipped with `CUF` which clamps
at the right margin, overwriting the previous row's last cell and shifting the
tail left by one. `cols=20: 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ12\r\n' then '\x1b[1A\x1b[1K'`.
- **V2 (stray `-` filler):** a wrapped pair whose source row is entirely null
takes the forced-wrap "magic" path; cleanup emits `ESC[0C` (param 0 → 1) so
the ECH erase lands one cell right and the first filler `-` survives.
**Impact:** any snapshot consumer (hidden reveal, parked-tab reveal, sleep/wake,
mobile subscribe replay) paints lost/shifted characters or stray `-` fillers
when a TUI erases inside a soft-wrapped line. Tolerated + counted by the suite;
unskip the repros when upstream fixes or a local serialize post-processor lands.
---
## Bug B — SerializeAddon loses BOLD when serializing a dim→bold-only transition
**Classification: (a) real `@xterm/addon-serialize` bug.** New finding.
**Seeds:** 435, 770 (alt-screen), 1321 (minimal, 2 ops).
**Minimal repro (isolated, no fuzz corpus needed), cols=20:**
```
live bytes: "\x1b[2mA\x1b[22m\x1b[1mB"
SerializeAddon → : "\x1b[2mA\x1b[1;22mB"
live cell B: bold=1 dim=0 (style flags 100000)
restored cell B: bold=0 dim=0 (style flags 000000) ← BOLD LOST
```
**Mechanism:** cell A is dim, cell B is bold-only. The serializer diffs the pen
from A (dim on) to B (bold on, dim off). To clear dim it appends SGR 22 — but in
xterm/ECMA-48 **SGR 22 resets *both* bold and dim** (`normalIntensity`). So the
emitted `\x1b[1;22m` sets bold then immediately clears it: the restored cell is
neither dim nor bold. Verified directly: writing `\x1b[1;22mX` yields `bold=0`.
(`\x1b[1;2m` — the same-cell dim+bold case — round-trips fine, so the bug is
specific to a dim-cell → bold-only-cell attribute transition.)
**Why it garbles a real pane:** agent TUIs routinely draw a dim body line then a
bold status/spinner line (Claude Code, Codex). On the live screen the status
line is bold; after a hide→reveal snapshot restore it renders normal-weight.
The seed-1321 live row `⠦ bash: pnpm typecheck` is bold live, non-bold restored.
**Repro test:** `headless-emulator-fidelity.fuzz.test.ts`
`it.skip('preserves bold when serializing a dim cell followed by a bold-only cell')`.
Tolerated + counted in the corpus via `snapshotHasSelfCancellingBoldReset`.
---
## Bug C — SerializeAddon cursor restore is off-by-one when the last content row fills the right margin
**Classification: (a) real `@xterm/addon-serialize` bug.** New finding.
**Seeds:** 454 (minimal, plain CUP), 1696 (DECSC/DECRC + wide CJK).
**Minimal repro (isolated, pure serializer replay), cols=10:**
```
live bytes: "0123456789\x1b[3;5H" (fill row 0 to the margin, CUP to r3c5)
SerializeAddon → : "0123456789\x1b[2B\x1b[6D"
live cursor: { x: 4, y: 2 }
restored cursor: { x: 3, y: 2 } ← ONE COLUMN SHORT
```
Control (`"012\x1b[3;5H"` — row 0 not full) serializes to `"012\x1b[2B\x1b[1C"`
and round-trips the cursor exactly, isolating the trigger to a full-width final
content row.
**Mechanism:** after emitting a row filled to exactly `cols`, xterm is left in
the *wrap-pending* state (cursor visually on the last column, logically "one
past"). The serializer computes its final cursor-restore as relative
`CUD`/`CUB` moves from that ambiguous position; the horizontal delta is computed
one column short, so the restored cursor lands at `x-1`. Reproduced with pure
`serializeAddon.serialize()` replay into a fresh terminal — **no Orca preamble
or normalization involved**, confirming it is upstream, not Orca's snapshot
path.
**Why it garbles a real pane:** the cursor is where the next keystroke echoes
and where the block/bar cursor is drawn. On reveal of a TUI whose bottom line
reached the right edge (wide status lines, long prompts), the cursor sits one
cell left of where the live pane had it — visible as a mispositioned prompt
caret or spinner, and subsequent input can overwrite the wrong cell.
**Repro test:** `headless-emulator-fidelity.fuzz.test.ts`
`it.skip('restores the cursor exactly when the last content row fills the right margin')`.
Tolerated + counted in the corpus via `isMarginWrapPendingCursorOffByOne`.
---
## Bug D — snapshot does not preserve the DECSC saved-cursor register across a hide/reveal boundary
**Classification: (a) real bug — a structural snapshot limitation.** New
finding, surfaced by the reveal-reconciliation fuzz (suite 2), not the fidelity
fuzz.
**Minimal repro (cols=20):**
```
hidden bytes: "AB\x1b7\x1b[4;10HCD" (write AB, DECSC saves cursor at r0c2,
move to r3c9, write CD)
tail bytes: "\x1b8X" (DECRC restores the saved cursor, write X)
live (always visible): rows ["ABX", " CD"] cursor { x: 3, y: 0 }
reveal (snapshot+tail): rows ["XB", " CD"] cursor { x: 1, y: 0 }
^^ 'X' overwrote 'A' — DECRC landed at home, not r0c2
snapshotAnsi: "AB\r\n\r\n\r\n\x1b[9CCD" (no saved-cursor state at all)
```
**Mechanism:** the snapshot is a serialized *screen* (SerializeAddon) plus a few
rehydrated modes. The VT100 DECSC/DECRC saved-cursor register (also `CSI s` /
`CSI u`) is runtime state that never appears in the serialized buffer, so it
cannot survive a snapshot. When a hidden TUI runs `\x1b7` (or `\x1b[s`) before
the reveal seq and the racing tail (or any post-reveal output) runs `\x1b8` (or
`\x1b[u`), the restore targets the fresh terminal's default saved position
(home) instead of where the TUI saved it — the next writes land at the wrong
cell and overwrite live content.
**Why it garbles a real pane:** DECSC/DECRC is common in shell prompts and
status-line redraws (save cursor, jump to a corner to paint a clock/token
counter, restore). If the save happens while the pane is hidden and the restore
fires on reveal, the restored paint clobbers the wrong cells. Found by suite-2
seed 3 (a `savedCursorDetour` op whose `\x1b7` fell in the hidden prefix and
whose `\x1b8` fell in the racing tail after chunk-splitting).
**Handling:** suite 2 keeps its racing tail append-only (no DECSC/DECRC, cursor
motion, scroll regions, or alt frames) so the seq-reconciliation byte-stitch is
tested in isolation from this and the other terminal-state-loss garbles. Bug D
is instead pinned as a standalone repro,
`hidden-reveal-reconciliation.fuzz.test.ts`
`it.skip('preserves the DECSC saved-cursor register across a hide/reveal …')`.
**Fix (applied):** the snapshot epilogue re-establishes the register with
`CUP(saved) + ESC 7 + CUP(actual)` composed in `serializeWithAbsoluteCursor`,
reading the active buffer's core register via `readSavedCursorRegister`
(alt screen yields its own register). Position-only: saved SGR/charset are not
carried.
---
## Bug E — snapshot boundary mid-escape-sequence drops the partial sequence
**Classification: (a) real bug — a structural snapshot limitation.** New
finding, surfaced by the reveal-reconciliation fuzz (suite 2).
**Minimal repro (cols=20):**
```
hidden prefix: "AB\x1b[3" (write AB, then ESC [ 3 — no final byte yet)
tail bytes: "mCD" ('m' completes ESC[3m = italic, then CD)
live (always visible): rows ["ABCD"] (ESC[3m parsed atomically, CD italic)
reveal (snapshot+tail): rows ["ABmCD"] ← 'm' became a literal character
snapshotAnsi: "AB" (the partial ESC[3 is in the parser, gone)
```
**Mechanism:** a PTY read (one delivery record) can split an escape sequence.
If the pane is revealed while the emulator's parser sits mid-`ESC[…`, the
serialized SCREEN cannot carry the partial sequence (it lives in the parser
state machine, not the buffer). The racing tail supplies the sequence's
remaining bytes, but with the prefix gone the terminal parses them as literal
text. Reproduced end-to-end against the real `HeadlessEmulator.getSnapshot`.
**Why it garbles a real pane:** any TUI whose output is heavy with escape
sequences (all of them) can have a read boundary fall mid-escape; if a reveal
lands in that window the continuation renders as stray literal bytes (a rogue
`m`, `H`, digits) injected into the visible text.
**Reachability:** requires the reveal/snapshot to fire in the gap between the two
halves of a split escape. `main` writes each PTY read to the emulator and
records it as one delivery unit (`session.ts emitSubprocessOutput`), and the
snapshot is taken synchronously at a drain — so the window is a single delivered
record that ended mid-escape. Narrow but real.
**Handling:** suite 2 tolerates + counts scenarios whose hidden prefix ends
mid-escape-sequence (`prefixEndsMidSequence`), the same way suite 1 tolerates the
serialize wrap bug — it fired on ~24% of the corpus, confirming the class is
common. Pinned by `hidden-reveal-reconciliation.fuzz.test.ts`
`it.skip('completes an escape sequence split across the hide/reveal boundary')`.
**Fix (applied):** the emulator tracks the unparsed trailing partial escape at
ingest (`terminal-partial-escape-tail.ts`, committed post-parse like the mouse
mirror) and ships it as `TerminalSnapshot.pendingEscapeTailAnsi`; restorers
write it LAST, after their post-replay resets, so the racing tail's
continuation completes it exactly as live. Snapshot seq already counted those
ingested bytes, so reconcile slicing is unchanged.
---
## Known-legitimate normalization (NOT bugs)
- **OSC 8 hyperlink underline** — classification (c). xterm marks OSC-8 link
cells underlined; SerializeAddon never re-emits OSC 8. Production restores the
link ranges out-of-band via `snapshot.oscLinks`
(`collectHeadlessOscLinkRanges`), so byte replay keeps the text but drops the
underline by design. Pinned by the passing
`it('drops OSC 8 underline from byte replay but preserves the range …')`.
- **P256→P16 color mode** — classification (c). SerializeAddon re-emits palette
indices 015 written as `38;5;N` using classic SGR 3037/9097, so a restored
cell reports `CM_P16` where live reported `CM_P256`. Both resolve through the
same 16 theme slots — no visual difference. Canonicalized by
`canonicalColorMode` in the parity fixture.
---
## Corpus vs deep mode
- **Suite 1** (`headless-emulator-fidelity.fuzz.test.ts`): default
`FUZZ_ITERATIONS=300` (~17s). `FUZZ_ITERATIONS=2000` (~113s) is green — Bugs A,
B, and C are each tolerated + counted by a predicate, so the corpus fails only
on a genuinely new divergence.
- **Suite 2** (`hidden-reveal-reconciliation.fuzz.test.ts`): default
`FUZZ_ITERATIONS=200` (~5s). `FUZZ_ITERATIONS=1000` is green — the racing tail
is append-only, so the only tolerated class is Bug E (`prefixEndsMidSequence`).
- Combined default runtime is ~19s (well under the 60s gate).
- `FUZZ_SEED=<n>`: re-run exactly one seed for a repro (both suites).

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# orca-performance Branch Guide
Agent-facing map of every optimization on this branch: what it does, why it exists,
where it lives, and the invariants you must not break when adding to it. The
chronological evidence trail (benchmarks, retractions, A/B protocols) is in
`notes/terminal-performance-initiative.md`; this doc is the _current-state_ view.
**Context**: Orca's terminal was ~300× slower than Terminal.app under agent load
(DSR-under-load p50 134ms, p99 292ms on v1.4.91; agent-TUI throughput 2.0 MB/s).
As of v1.4.122-rc.1.perf: p50 13.3ms / p99 18.7ms, zero timeouts, throughput
11.815.5 MB/s — beats VS Code on 5 of 6 metrics. Goal line still open: 4.5ms
(10× Terminal.app).
## The pipeline
```
shell → pty → daemon (persistence, headless model) → unix socket
→ main (ipc/pty.ts: batching, delivery gate, flow control, snapshots)
→ IPC → renderer (pty-dispatcher → pty-connection → output scheduler → xterm)
```
Main is on the hot path for every byte (unlike VS Code's ptyHost→renderer
MessagePort). The daemon owns sessions so they survive app restarts; it also runs
a headless xterm emulator per pty — the _model_ — which is the source of truth
for screen contents. The renderer terminal is a _view_ that can be discarded and
rebuilt from model snapshots.
## Optimization inventory
### 1. Renderer parse-path fixes (the original 16× on agent TUIs)
- **Parse-clocked scheduler drains** (`pane-terminal-output-scheduler.ts`): drain
cadence follows xterm's actual parse completion instead of fixed timers, so the
queue never outruns the parser.
- **Windowed retained-tail redraw**: TUI repaints (erase-down + redraw) only
re-process a bounded window instead of the full retained tail. Guarded by
differential fuzz `retained-tail-redraw-window.equivalence.test.ts`.
- **Throttled wait-blocked check** (`orca-runtime.ts`): the per-chunk agent
wait-detection (two 256KB waitText builds + multi-pattern scans) now runs at
50ms cadence with trailing edge + keyword pre-filter. Was ~85% of main's
per-chunk cost.
### 2. term-speed-2 chain (model/view contract — the architecture)
Revived from ~38 never-merged branches; kill-switched, default ON. Docs:
`docs/reference/terminal-model-view-contract.md`.
- **Hidden view parking**: hidden tabs tear down their xterm view entirely
(memory: parked panes cost ~0).
- **Hidden delivery gate** (main): renderer-bound bytes for hidden ptys are
dropped at main — hidden panes receive nothing. Reveal rebuilds the view from a
model snapshot + live chunks after the snapshot's seq.
- **Side-effect authority**: main extracts side-effect facts (bell, title, cwd)
from the model so parked panes stay live in the UI without a view.
- **Model query authority**: main answers terminal queries (DSR/CPR, DA1, OSC
colors) deterministically from the model for hidden panes.
- **Seq/ordered-delivery bookkeeping**: every chunk carries a seq; reveal
reconciliation drops duplicates already covered by the snapshot baseline.
### 3. Batching & scheduling cadence
- **Batch windows 8ms → 2ms** in both `daemon-stream-data-batcher.ts`
(`STREAM_DATA_BATCH_INTERVAL_MS`) and `ipc/pty.ts` (`PTY_BATCH_INTERVAL_MS`).
At 9% utilization there is no queue — latency was literally the sum of fixed
batch windows. This one change took dev DSR-load 19→8ms.
- **MessageChannel zero-delay drains** (`pane-terminal-output-scheduler.ts`):
Chromium clamps nested `setTimeout(0)` to ~4ms; posted messages are macrotasks
without the clamp, preserving cooperative yield (input/paint still serviced).
Vitest keeps the timer path (fake timers can't advance channel posts).
- **Input write coalescing** (from main, #7205): renderer input writes coalesce
instead of queuing macrotask-per-keystroke.
### 4. Backpressure (the correctness spine — read before touching delivery)
Three cooperating layers, innermost first:
- **ACK at parse-drain** (`deliverPtyDataWithDeferredAck`, scheduler
`ackCredit`): the renderer credits a chunk when xterm has _parsed_ it (or the
chunk is legitimately discarded), not when IPC delivered it.
**INVARIANT: every delivered chunk credits exactly once — parsed or
discarded.** Every scheduler/pty-connection discard path (backlog replacement,
disposed terminal, reconcile drop, split remainders) must fire the credit.
- **Cumulative ACKs + solicited resync** (`terminal-pty-ack-gate.ts`,
`applyCumulativeAck` in pty.ts): ACKs carry monotonic per-pty processed totals
(TCP-style); main max-merges, so lost ACKs self-heal. Data arriving for a
fully-gated pty triggers a resync probe instead of a timeout reset. The only
timer is a hygiene warn that mutates nothing. Main's 512KB per-pty in-flight
gate + 2MB pendingData cap sit on top.
- **Renderer-pull delivery watchdog** (`terminal-delivery-watchdog.ts`,
`pty:reportRendererDeliveryState` in pty.ts): recovers the field-confirmed
wedge where every main→renderer PUSH channel dies while invoke stays alive
(v1.4.121-rc.0 snapshot; electron#37067 class) — a state the push-ridden
resync probe can never reach. The 15s heartbeat costs one Map upsert per
received chunk and does no IPC while output flows; mutation stays
verified-state-only (the timer decides when to REPORT; the write-off derives
entirely from the renderer's cumulative received totals, never wall-clock,
and a received-but-unparsed window is never written off). Heal = re-attach
push listeners + pull restore markers through the modelRestoreNeeded router.
E2e blackhole harness: `__terminalDeliveryWatchdog`,
`terminal-push-delivery-loss-recovery.spec.ts`.
- **Stale-visibility proof for the hidden gate** (`stale-document-visibility.ts`
and the `shouldWritePtyOutputForeground` fallthrough in pty-connection.ts):
recovers the field-confirmed wedge where macOS occlusion tracking pins
`document.visibilityState` at `'hidden'` after display sleep and never fires
another visibilitychange (v1.4.124-rc.2.perf snapshot: 78MB hidden-gate
dropped across 2 pane-level-visible ptys, transport healthy). Real user
input (keydown/pointerdown/window focus) while the document claims hidden is
a physical contradiction — it latches an override, runs each pane's existing
visibilitychange resync (gate unhide + hidden-output restore), and a genuine
visibilitychange hands authority back. No timers; recovery is purely
event-proven, and the failure bias is safe (a wrong override only restores
pre-gate delivery cost, never drops bytes). Hot-path cost: zero when
visible (same single comparison); one property read per user-interaction
event. E2e: `terminal-stuck-occlusion-recovery.spec.ts` (pins both the
freeze repro and the keystroke recovery, plus the
`hiddenDeliveryGatedVisiblePtyCount` field discriminator).
- **One-paste freeze report** (`terminal-freeze-report.ts`, prod-installed
`await window.__orcaTerminalFreezeReport()`): a single DevTools command that
returns renderer state (visibilityState + stale override, pty:data listener
count, watchdog totals), main's snapshot with a per-pty delivery table
(sent/acked/pending, hidden vs visible-set membership, last send/ACK ages,
window focus flags, power suspend/resume ages, app version), and bounded
breadcrumb rings from BOTH processes (`pty-delivery-diagnostics.ts` shared
ring: 100 entries, same-kind coalescing) recording gate marks, visibility
trust changes, watchdog stalls/heals, restore markers, heal write-offs,
renderer lifecycle resets. Pty ids are redacted to their `@@` suffix —
daemon session ids embed worktree paths. Recording happens only on rare
transitions; the table/report is built only when read. This exists so a
field freeze report never needs a follow-up ask.
- **Hidden/parked exit teardown completeness** (pty-connection.ts kept-exit
guard + `terminal-parked-tab-watchers.ts` exit sidecar): two invariants that
keep a split pane's death near the hidden/park boundary from stranding state
(field incident: a closed setup-split leaf persisted in `root` with no
binding and remounted as a permanently blank pane, unreachable by
dead-session reconcile — it skips ptyId-null panes by design).
(1) The "keep a fresh split whose newborn PTY died" branch is **gated on
`isVisibleRef`** — hidden panes' bytes are gate-withheld, so "no output"
proves nothing there; a hidden newborn death must `closePane`, or the kept
pane becomes a binding-less ghost. (2) A PTY exit that lands **while parked**
reaches ONLY the parked watcher's exit sidecar (hosts' `onPtyExit` needs a
mounted TerminalPane), so the sidecar itself collapses the dead leaf out of
the stored layout via `detachTerminalLayoutLeaf` — a stale binding left
behind reattaches on reveal and the daemon re-creates the exited session id
as a fresh shell (silent pane resurrection). E2e:
`terminal-pane-close-layout-consistency.spec.ts` sweeps close/exit at every
lifecycle phase and asserts leaves(root) == bindings == live panes.
- **Producer flow control** (protocol v19 `pausePty`/`resumePty`, 256KB pause /
32KB resume watermarks, keyed off **pendingData only** — never renderer
counters; kill switch `PRODUCER_FLOW_CONTROL_ENABLED`, ipc/pty.ts): when main's
buffer grows, the _shell_ blocks. For main-hosted ptys pause is synchronous
(drops impossible); for daemon ptys the pause notify has ~20-30ms socket
latency, so wire-speed bursts can still cross the 2MB cap (known follow-up:
daemon-side self-pacing watermark).
- **Shallow stream-socket write gate + per-session fairness**
(`daemon-stream-data-batcher.ts`, 128KB gate / 64KB safe-split slices /
4KB small-session bypass / 32MB write-through valve; kill switch
`ORCA_DAEMON_SHALLOW_SOCKET_GATE=0`): the stream socket is one FIFO for
every session — bytes already written can never be overtaken, so a deep
user-space buffer buries a visible pane's echo behind other panes' bulk
(measured 192MB / 6+s under 12 flooding hidden agents). Bulk writes stop at
the gate and hold in the batcher, where the interactive flushSession path
and the deterministic small-session bypass still jump them; socket `drain`
refills. This layer alone bounds echo latency by the shallow depth.
- **Background keep-tail stream thinning + daemon fact authority**
(`daemon-stream-keep-tail-drop.ts` 1MB cap / 512KB keep-tail,
`daemon-background-transient-facts.ts`; kill switch
`ORCA_DAEMON_BACKGROUND_STREAM_DROP=0`): hidden-gated ptys are exempt from
pendingData flow control (main drops their bytes after ingestion), which
let N background agents run unbounded ahead of main. Main mirrors the
hidden-delivery gate to the daemon via the wire-tolerated
`setSessionBackground` notification (introduced in v19; authoritative
thinning requires v20 snapshots, so preserved v19 sessions are explicitly
unthinned; older daemons swallow it) — but a live remote view subscriber
(mobile/web) vetoes backgrounding (`hasRemoteTerminalViewSubscriber`).
Backgrounded sessions' queued output is keep-tail dropped (oldest bytes
replaced by an in-order `dataGap` event; reply-eliciting query bytes are
salvaged so hidden programs never hang on DSR/DA replies); producers are NEVER paused,
so reveal stays instant with zero catch-up. Un-background neither discards
nor force-flushes the queued tail — restore paths read MAIN's model
(hidden-output recovery buffer), so a discarded tail loses a finished
program's last output forever (caught by the ACK-backpressure e2e), and a
16-pane force-flush dumps ~12MB onto the socket ahead of the reveal's own
bytes; the ordered drain loop delivers it within the budget below. Two
aggregate bounds make that budget real: (1) a GLOBAL background keep
budget (~2MB): per-session keep-tails shrink (512KB → floor 64KB) as more
backgrounded sessions hold queued data, and tighten retroactively when the
count grows — without this, N sub-cap sessions queue N×cap and a worktree
switch waits seconds behind the aggregate (measured 9MB → 2.5s hidden
restore vs the 1.5s budget, probe-verified drain overlap); (2) a
kernel-flush refill sentinel: a held flush pass arms one ~90B empty data
event whose write callback re-flushes when the kernel accepts the
in-flight bytes — without it, held bulk advances one gate-depth per
'drain' (user-space empty) per event-loop turn (~8MB/s ceiling on a busy
daemon). NOTE: an empty `socket.write('')`'s callback fires immediately
even with megabytes buffered (verified) — the sentinel must be a real
protocol no-op line. Notifications are
structurally lossless: while backgrounded, the DAEMON runs the same shared
scanners main uses (`terminal-output-side-effects.ts`: bell / OSC 133
command-finished / pr-link / DECSET 2031) over every byte BEFORE drop
decisions and relays facts as in-order `transientFact` events; ordered
`sessionBackgroundMarker` events hand scan authority back and forth
(main suppresses just those four scanners in between), and the emulator's
`partialEscapeTailAnsi` seeds each side's fresh scanner carry so a
sequence split across the handoff neither phantom-fires nor goes missing.
Titles/agent-status stay main-side (they converge from the kept tail and
fuse with synthetic spinner frames). On `dataGap`, main resets its
cross-chunk parse carries, drops the mobile headless mirror (rebuilds from
tail/seeds), and sends the model-restore-needed marker so any
renderer-side buffer heals from the snapshot. Visible ptys are never
touched by this layer. Backlog observability:
`ORCA_DAEMON_STREAM_BACKLOG_FILE=<path>` JSONL
(`daemon-stream-backlog-probe.ts`; events incl. `backgroundKeepTailDrop`,
`setSessionBackground`, `mainBackgroundSync`, `heldWriteThrough`).
Causation A/B (`bench:multi-workspace-typing`): realistic steady rates
(8×192KB/s) don't reproduce even fix-off; burst rates on a loaded machine
do (8×512KB/s + 12 CPU spinners: fix-off p50 293ms/p90 647ms → fix-on p50
29ms); extreme 12×1MB/s: fix-off p50 6,146ms → 29ms.
### 5. Flood resilience (why bulk output can't wedge or lie anymore)
- **Restore-loop cut** (pty-connection.ts): the hidden-output-restore loop
abandons immediately when a foreground pane's live-chunk queue overflows
(3-iteration hard cap), and a 2s flood-suppression window stops main's own
backpressure drops (`droppedOutput`/`modelRestoreNeeded`) from re-arming
restore — bytes write through, ONE deferred repaint heals after the flood.
This killed a positive feedback loop (restore starves ACKs → main drops →
drop re-arms restore) that caused multi-second renderer stalls.
- **Query survival**: if the 2MB cap ever drops bulk output, embedded terminal
queries are extracted (`terminal-reply-query-extraction.ts`) and answered by
_synthesizing replies on the input path_ (CPR from live buffer, DA1 canned,
OSC via direct responder) — probes and TUIs never hang on a dropped reply.
- Drops are downstream of the model: the daemon ingests every byte, so the
post-flood repaint restores complete, correct content.
### 6. Wake/sleep recovery
- powerMonitor resume → `system:resumed` IPC → renderer wake recovery (fixes
WebGL-latch blank-after-sleep that DOM focus/visibilitychange missed).
- Cumulative ACKs make the historical "lost ACKs across suspend pin the global
window forever" wedge (BMW user bug) structurally impossible.
### 7. Snapshot fidelity (the garble fixes — all fuzz-pinned)
Reveal-from-snapshot multiplied exposure of serializer defects ~1000×. Five bugs
found by differential fuzzing; four fixed, one tolerated:
- **B: SGR intensity ordering** — upstream `@xterm/addon-serialize` emitted
`1;22` (22 clears the bold 1 just set). Patched via pnpm patch
(`config/patches/@xterm__addon-serialize@*.patch`): clear-before-set for the
bold/dim group (+2 sibling bare-22 defects).
- **C: cursor off-by-one at wrap-pending margin** — bypassed entirely:
`serializeWithAbsoluteCursor` (`terminal-serialize-absolute-cursor.ts`)
appends absolute CUP from the source terminal's authoritative cursor
(skipped when wrap-pending, where CUP would corrupt).
- **D: DECSC saved-cursor register not serialized** — snapshot appends
`CUP(saved) + ESC 7 + CUP(actual)` when a register exists.
- **E: snapshot mid-escape-sequence** (fired on 24% of fuzz corpus) —
`terminal-partial-escape-tail.ts` is a fold-safe VT-parser-state scanner; the
unparsed tail ships as `TerminalSnapshot.pendingEscapeTailAnsi` and is written
LAST on restore so continuation bytes complete the sequence. Seq accounting
unchanged (the tail is a suffix of bytes ≤ snapshot seq).
- **A (tolerated)**: upstream wrap-null-cell serialize defect — fenced by
`bufferHasSerializeHostileWrappedRow`, the only remaining tolerance.
## Correctness infrastructure (run these before merging delivery/restore changes)
- `headless-emulator-fidelity.fuzz.test.ts` — differential: HeadlessEmulator vs
reference xterm, seeded TUI streams. `FUZZ_ITERATIONS=2000` for deep,
`FUZZ_SEED=n` to replay.
- `hidden-reveal-reconciliation.fuzz.test.ts` — property tests: random
hide/reveal boundaries × snapshot seq × racing chunks must equal an
always-visible reference.
- `terminal-snapshot-serialize-roundtrip.test.ts` — the garble repros (unskipped
= regression alarms).
- e2e: `terminal-hidden-view-parking` (incl. 25-cycle park/reveal drift test —
byte-identical vs control), `terminal-parked-memory`,
`terminal-sleep-wake-restore`.
- Scheduler credit-invariant + ack-gate deferred-credit + restore-flood tests
(pane-manager / terminal-pane suites).
## Benchmarking protocol (hard-won rules)
- Rig: `tools/benchmarks/terminal-pipeline-bench.mjs` — DSR idle + DSR under
1MB/s agent-TUI load + DSR-fenced throughput on 4 fixtures. Run _inside_ the
terminal under test.
- Multi-workspace typing rig: `pnpm bench:multi-workspace-typing -- --panes 12
--rate-kbps 1024 --keys 32 --cadence-ms 250 [--cpu-workers 8] --label <build>`
— real keystrokes (CDP) into a visible pane while N hidden-worktree panes
replay paced agent-TUI streams through real daemon ptys; decomposes each key
into input-half (keydown→pty, sidecar timestamps) and echo-half
(pty→screen). JSON in `tools/benchmarks/results/`. Noise band at 4×256KB/s:
p50 10-15ms, p90 ≤50ms. The latency signature lives in echo-half; renderer
timer drift staying ~15ms while echo-half grows means the backlog is
upstream of the renderer (daemon socket / main ingest).
- **Bench at 10MB** (`--size-mb 10`). The ACK-at-parse bug shipped because dev
benches used 3MB and never tripped the cap.
- Load-controlled A/B only: alternate builds within one session; dev carries ~2×
day-to-day variance. Never conclude from runs while agents/builds hammer the
machine (two false convictions came from this).
- Never set `ORCA_E2E_USER_DATA_DIR` for benches (arms the e2e ACK gate → hang).
- Packaged builds are truth; dev has ~2× overhead.
## Release mechanics
- Perf RCs: `release-cut.yml` workflow_dispatch, `kind=rc ref=orca-performance
version_suffix=perf` → tags like `v1.4.122-rc.1.perf`. The suffix sorts above
its base rc.N but below rc.N+1 (never hijacks the RC channel). The rc counter
(`release-rc-history.mjs`), telemetry identity classifier, and build guard are
all suffix-aware — a suffixed rc classifies as `rc`.
- cmd/ctrl-click "Check for Updates" fetches the latest perf-tagged release
(PR #7278; merged here) — perf-line users self-update after one manual install.
## Syncing with main: MERGE, never rebase
`orca-performance` is a long-lived, shared, continuously-pushed integration
branch — RCs are cut from it and agents branch off it. **Always
`git merge origin/main`; never rebase** (rebasing rewrites pushed history and
strands every RC tag, fix branch, and worktree based on the old commits).
Conflict pattern, established over ~6 syncs:
1. **Our structure wins; main's semantics graft in.** This branch deliberately
restructures terminal code (shared scanners, single-policy handlers,
model/view split). When main adds a feature inside code we've restructured,
keep our shape and port their new behavior into it. Example: main inlined an
OSC 133 parser to add `onCommandStarted` (133;C); we kept the shared
`createOsc133CommandFinishedScanner` (main's side-effect tracker must parse
byte-identically) and added 133;C support to the shared scanner instead.
2. Preserve the invariants in **Guardrails** below through every resolution —
especially chunk-credit, `pendingData`-keyed flow control, and the
single `handleCommandFinished` policy (byte path AND sideEffect-fact path
route through it).
3. After resolving: `pnpm typecheck`, the terminal-pane + ipc/pty + daemon
suites, and both fuzz suites. Commit the merge with a message stating what
was kept from each side; push. If the push races a moved remote, merge the
remote tip — never `pull --rebase` a merge.
4. If a sync lands anything on the delivery/restore path, re-run a 10MB bench
before the next RC cut.
## Known limits / next levers (in rough priority order)
1. Daemon self-pacing: daemon-hosted ptys can cross the 2MB cap for ~20-30ms at
wire speed before `pausePty` bites. Fix: daemon enforces its own watermark
locally (VS Code does this server-side for remotes).
2. Cadence floor to the 4.5ms goal: xterm's 12ms parse slices and remaining
drain cadence dominate the 13.3ms prod p50.
3. utilityProcess router endgame: take main off the per-byte hot path
(VS Code's ptyHost→renderer MessagePort shape).
4. SerializeAddon full-buffer stalls at 50k-row scrollbacks (#5096 follow-up).
5. Peel PRs to main: throughput fixes → batch+MessageChannel → flow control →
term-speed-2 last. PR #7214 is the integration overview; #7260 (wake/ACK)
is open against main separately.
## Guardrails for future agents
- The chunk-credit invariant (§4) is the load-bearing one. If you add ANY path
that receives, defers, drops, or splits pty data in the renderer, prove it
credits exactly once. The credit-invariant unit tests are the gate.
- Flow control keys off `pendingData` only. Do not couple it to renderer
counters; the two layers compose because they are independent.
- Snapshot changes must keep seq semantics: a snapshot covers _exactly_ bytes
≤ its seq (Bug E made this true; don't regress it). Chunks after restore are
reconciled by seq — off-by-N re-triggers duplicate-drop garble.
- Hidden panes must receive nothing (delivery gate) but side-effects and query
replies must stay live via the model. If you add a new query type, wire it
through model authority AND the drop-path synthesis.
- Never add timeout-based recovery that mutates counters (user requirement —
design decision from #7260). Deterministic resync or nothing; hygiene timers
may only log.
- Any change on the delivery/restore path: run both fuzz suites, the roundtrip
tests, the chain e2e trio, AND a 10MB bench before calling it done.
## Audit 1
Completed 2026-07-10 against `orca-performance`. Scope: the daemon → main →
renderer terminal path, with particular attention to hidden delivery, parking,
stream thinning, snapshot fidelity, ACK/backpressure semantics, wake/reattach,
mobile/remote composition, SSH routing, and teardown. The audit treated model
state and user scrollback as correctness requirements, not expendable memory.
### Findings and fixes
1. **Hidden-gate handoff owners could undo one another.** A parked watcher and
an unmounting/remounting pane shared one boolean hidden mark; likewise a
retiring pane could report `visible=false` after its replacement had already
reported `visible=true`. Hidden claims are now reference-counted and
visibility is counted per owner (`pty-renderer-delivery-claims.ts`). Eager
pre-mount buffers no longer hold raw-byte delivery interest: they are not a
side-effect consumer, and model-backed hidden output can restore from a
snapshot. This removes the ownership and eager-interest races formerly
listed in Known limits item 6 without weakening parked side effects. The
remaining transient-visibility concern was checked separately: bind and
reconnect reports read `TerminalPane`'s synchronously refreshed
`isVisible && isWorktreeActive` ref, the global effect uses the same
expression, and owner counting prevents a retiring pane from overriding its
replacement. No hidden-worktree `visible=true` report site remains.
2. **A natural/synthetic daemon exit could overtake final output.** When a
shallow-gated socket had queued data, `daemon-server.ts` wrote the exit event
directly. The final bytes could therefore arrive after `exit`. Exit is now an
ordered control event in `DaemonStreamDataBatcher`; both natural and
synthetic exits flush through the same FIFO. A deep-socket regression test
pins final-data-before-exit ordering.
3. **Keep-tail thinning could permanently reduce scrollback to the retained
tail.** On `dataGap`, main discarded its headless model, then rebuilt it from
later tail bytes even though the daemon still owned the complete model. Live
daemon snapshots now carry `outputSequence`; the provider exposes an
authoritative `getBufferSnapshot`, accepts the requested scrollback depth,
and main requires that provider snapshot after a gap. Reconciliation starts
in the pre-snapshot absolute sequence domain and runtime sequence accounting
advances across dropped bytes. The daemon remains the source of complete
scrollback instead of making a transport optimization destructive. If that
authoritative RPC is temporarily unavailable, main now returns no snapshot
and lets the renderer retry; it never paints main's known-incomplete tail as
a full recovery.
4. **Query-salvage copies corrupted the absolute sequence domain.** DSR/DA
bytes salvaged from a dropped region are copies of bytes already counted by
the daemon, not new output. Stream events now distinguish delivered text
from `sequenceChars`; salvaged query data advances by zero while the gap
advances by the original characters. Main can still parse/deliver the query
copy without shifting every later snapshot baseline.
5. **“Parse-deferred” ACKs were submission-deferred, not parse-deferred.** ACK
credit fired when bytes entered `terminal.write`, before xterm's callback.
Split scheduler chunks also attached `onParsed` to the first slice. ACK
credit is now owned by `pane-terminal-output-ack-credit.ts`, fires after the
final xterm parse callback, and is released exactly once on throw, discard,
or terminal disposal. Submitted-but-unparsed credit is retained until parse
or disposal, so main's flow-control window measures parser work rather than
renderer submission.
6. **Hidden restore ignored configured scrollback.** The renderer always asked
for 5,000 rows, so users configured for 10k50k silently lost older history
on a hide/reveal rebuild. Restore now reads the pane's xterm scrollback
option and clamps it through the shared 050,000 policy
(`terminal-hidden-restore-scrollback.ts`).
7. **Active alternate-screen snapshots discarded the normal shell buffer.**
SerializeAddon emits `normal buffer + ?1049h + alternate buffer`; the old
normalization sliced away everything before the last `?1049h`. A restored
TUI looked correct until it exited alternate mode, then returned to empty
history. Snapshots now carry the normal buffer separately in
`scrollbackAnsi`. Fresh reattach and mobile/remote snapshot streams compose
both buffers; an already-alt renderer exits alt, clears/rebuilds the normal
buffer, then re-enters and rebuilds alt. History replay also composes both
buffers, including legacy empty-field compatibility.
Deep fuzz then found a second two-buffer issue: normal-buffer serialization
can leave its SGR pen active while the separately serialized alternate body
assumes default SGR. The rehydrate boundary now emits `SGR 0` before
`?1049h`, preventing a shell color from tinting restored TUI cells. The
regression proves the TUI is visible immediately and `?1049l` returns to the
original shell history.
8. **Daemon provider wrappers forwarded only part of the recovery contract.**
A preserved current/legacy daemon could emit `dataGap` through a provider
wrapper, but `DegradedDaemonPtyProvider` omitted `getBufferSnapshot`, while
the ordinary multi-version `DaemonPtyRouter` omitted background hints, gap
events, snapshots, and explicit `sequenceChars`. Both wrappers now route the
complete contract to the provider that owns the session, including requested
50,000-row recovery and zero-advance query-salvage events.
9. **Sequence-safe recovery was added without advancing the daemon protocol.**
An already-running v19 daemon could accept background-thinning hints but
could not return the new `outputSequence`, making any resulting gap
impossible to reconcile safely. The authoritative snapshot contract is now
protocol v20. Preserved v19 sessions remain live but are explicitly marked
unthinned; their stale background hint is cleared on the ordered control
socket before `createOrAttach`, while fresh v20 sessions retain keep-tail
performance and full-model recovery.
### Static audit conclusions
- Model query authority still captures ownership synchronously at ingestion;
seed/hydration/snapshot writes remain reply-silent, remote view subscribers
retain view authority, and replies use the provider input path (including
daemon shell-ready queuing and SSH routing).
- Hidden/visibility/interest/background-sync/provider-snapshot state is cleared
by the centralized PTY teardown path. Parked watcher timers, byte sidecars,
fact consumers, exit subscriptions, hidden claims, and runtime-title slots
dispose on reveal/exit/worktree shutdown.
- Remote-runtime and SSH PTYs remain excluded from cold parking. SSH hidden
panes still have a main-owned headless model, so mounted hidden-gate restore
is valid; live remote viewers veto daemon background thinning. The new
two-buffer payload is recomposed before mobile/remote snapshot frames.
- Wake recovery keeps its focus/visibility/system-resume listener symmetry and
cancels its settled animation frame on cleanup. No timeout was added that
mutates ACK or delivery counters.
- The one documented upstream SerializeAddon null-cell/wrapped-row defect
remains tolerated. Deep reveal fuzz now uses the same narrow hostile-row
predicate as fidelity fuzz, rather than misclassifying that known serializer
defect as sequence-reconciliation loss.
### Validation evidence
- Focused ownership/connection/dispatcher tests: 422 passed.
- Daemon server/batcher/order tests passed, including deep queued-socket exit.
- Broad main/daemon/runtime/RPC/SSH run: 1,854 passed, 5 skipped. Three stale
mocks were updated to assert the new explicit `sequenceChars` argument; the
production behavior was already correct.
- Broad renderer terminal/pane/scheduler/runtime-stream run: 1,934 passed.
- Final restore/roundtrip/history/adapter/runtime/scheduler sweep: 1,315 passed.
- Post-protocol completion sweep: 1,106 affected main/daemon tests passed;
484 renderer/restore tests passed with 2 expected skips.
- Scheduler throughput harness passed with `ORCA_TERMINAL_PERF_BENCH=1`.
- Required hidden-view parking, parked-memory, and sleep/wake E2E trio:
7 passed on a fresh v20 Electron build, including byte-identical output
across 25 park/reveal cycles.
- `FUZZ_ITERATIONS=2000` headless-emulator fidelity: passed (120.19s).
- `FUZZ_ITERATIONS=2000` hidden reveal reconciliation: passed (69.77s). It
reproducibly found the SGR boundary bug at seed 16 and the known upstream
wrapped-null-cell case at seed 1221 before the final green run.
- Snapshot roundtrip, retained-tail equivalence, ACK gate, PTY connection, and
remote incomplete-escape regression suites passed.
- Fullscreen real-app headful flow: a real shell wrote normal history, entered
a TUI while its worktree was hidden, restored on reveal, then exited with
`?1049l` back to the original history. The BrowserWindow was fullscreen;
no click/focus occurred before evidence; the restored frame settled for
1.5s before capture. Measurements: window 1710×1073 at DPR 2; xterm 133×63;
`fitAddon.proposeDimensions()` 133×63; cell width 8px; screen-to-xterm gap
11px (the scrollbar/remainder, with grid and proposed dimensions equal).
Artifacts: `.tmp/terminal-audit-headful/fullscreen-alt-restore.png` and
`.tmp/terminal-audit-headful/fullscreen-alt-restore-metrics.json`.
- Visible, non-E2E current-build Orca 10MB agent-TUI bench: 10.14 MB/s
(986ms for 10.0MB), DSR idle p50/p90/p99 0.64/6.47/57.82ms,
DSR-under-load 6.72/9.86/13.87ms, zero timeouts. The pane was 115×39,
reported app version 1.4.131-rc.2, and ran on a v20 daemon/session. Result:
`tools/benchmarks/results/terminal-pipeline-audit-v20-20260710-2026-07-10T10-54-45-990Z.json`.
- `pnpm typecheck`, oxlint on every touched TypeScript file,
`pnpm check:max-lines-ratchet`, `git diff --check`, and the E2E production
build all passed. No max-lines bypass was added.

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# Orca Serve Terminal Persistence
## Problem
`orca serve` exposes terminal tabs to paired web clients through the runtime
`session.tabs` API, but the host-side terminal tab registry was process-local.
When the host published an empty session-tabs snapshot for a worktree, the web
client bootstrapped a new terminal, giving the user a fresh shell instead of
the previously running host session.
The browser must remain stateless for terminal identity. Browser storage is
intentionally sanitized because remote handles become stale after a new pairing
or host restart.
## Goals
- Keep the host runtime as the source of truth for paired web terminal tabs.
- Persist `orca serve` terminal tab, leaf, and PTY/session bindings in the
existing workspace session model.
- Hydrate headless `session.tabs` snapshots from host persistence before a web
client decides a worktree has no terminals.
- Mirror the SSH persistence model where it applies, while keeping SSH relay
leases and local serve persistence behind their own provider checks.
- Preserve split-pane identity by routing all activation and attachment through
parent tab id plus leaf id.
## Non-Goals
- Do not persist remote handles in browser local storage.
- Do not make browser panes supported in headless `orca serve`.
- Do not redesign the terminal daemon or SSH relay.
- Do not treat a persisted PTY id alone as proof that a live process belongs to
a pane.
## Design
### 1. Persist Runtime-Owned Serve Spawns
The runtime PTY spawn path accepts a main-only `persistHostSessionBinding` flag.
Headless serve sets it when creating session-tab terminals. The PTY handler
then calls `Store.persistPtyBinding` only after validating `worktreeId`,
`tabId`, and stable `leafId`.
This keeps unrelated renderer-local PTY spawns from writing workspace-session
terminal bindings.
### 2. Use Stable Session IDs
Serve-created terminals pass `tabId`, `leafId`, optional `sessionId`, and
`persistHostSessionBinding` into `ptyController.spawn`.
If a pending hydrated terminal has a persisted PTY/session id, activation
passes that id back to the provider. New serve-owned local sessions use a
nonnumeric `serve-${uuid}` id so they cannot collide with older numeric PTY ids
after restart.
### 3. Hydrate Headless Snapshots
Before `list`, `listAll`, subscribe initial emission, activation, close, or
move returns an empty headless state, the runtime hydrates
`mobileSessionTabsByWorktree` from `workspaceSession.tabsByWorktree` and
`terminalLayoutsByTabId`.
Hydration preserves:
- parent terminal tab id
- stable leaf id
- title fields
- active tab and active leaf
- split layout and `ptyIdsByLeafId`
- persisted PTY/session id
Legacy terminal tabs without layout entries are still hydrated using a
deterministic stable leaf id derived from the parent tab id.
### 4. Materialize Pending Tabs On Activation
Hydrated terminal surfaces with no live trusted handle are exposed as
`pending-handle`. Activating one in headless serve materializes the exact
parent tab and leaf on the server, then returns a ready terminal surface.
Explicit leaf activation is exact. If `leafId` is provided and the requested
leaf is missing, the runtime returns `tab_not_found` instead of falling back to
a sibling.
### 5. Require Trusted PTY Identity
For headless-hydrated persisted tabs, a live PTY is safe to expose only when
the runtime record already matches the same worktree, parent tab id, and pane
key. A process-list entry with the same PTY id but no pane identity stays
pending, preventing stale or numeric id collisions from attaching the wrong
terminal.
Renderer-published authoritative session snapshots retain their existing
worktree-only daemon PTY adoption path.
### 6. Close And Move Without A Renderer
Headless close and move have no-renderer mutation paths:
- close hydrates and refreshes first, removes the persisted terminal tab and
layout, updates active pointers, emits a new snapshot, and kills every live
trusted leaf under the closed parent tab
- move updates in-memory and persisted tab order without changing PTY bindings
This prevents closed or reordered tabs from reverting on reconnect.
### 7. Renderer Guards
The web client still drops remote terminal identity from browser storage. It
mirrors the host snapshot and activates pending host mirrors through
`session.tabs.activate`.
Bootstrap of a default web terminal is allowed only for a fresh empty snapshot
for the active worktree when no local terminal state already exists. Stale empty
snapshots and fresh empty snapshots racing with staged local terminals do not
create duplicates.
### 8. SSH Parity
Runtime-owned SSH spawns record remote PTY leases with target-local relay PTY
ids while workspace-session PTY bindings keep app-facing ids. Lease writes are
deferred until after binding persistence succeeds for persisted runtime-owned
spawns, so a failed binding save cannot leave durable SSH lease metadata for a
tab/leaf that was not saved.
## Edge Cases Covered
- Browser reload or WebSocket reconnect mirrors host-owned terminal tabs.
- Pending headless terminal activation reuses persisted tab and leaf identity.
- Split panes attach and activate the requested leaf only.
- Removed split leaves fail fast even when siblings remain.
- Legacy tabs without layouts hydrate instead of appearing empty.
- Stale empty snapshots do not bootstrap duplicate terminals.
- Fresh empty snapshots do not bootstrap when local terminal state already
exists.
- Numeric PTY id collisions remain pending until a safe reattach/spawn occurs.
- SSH reattach failure after binding persistence failure leaves no stale lease.
## Verification Plan
- Unit-test runtime hydration, activation, close, move, split-leaf exactness,
stale PTY id handling, and legacy no-layout tabs.
- Unit-test PTY persistence gates, local session-id reattach behavior, SSH
lease parity, and persistence failure cleanup.
- Unit-test renderer snapshot bootstrap guards and remote runtime PTY transport
pending-mirror behavior.
- Run adjacent session-tab RPC and web-runtime session tests.
- Run typecheck, lint, and `git diff --check`.
- Launch the Electron dev app from this worktree with an isolated profile and
verify CDP attachment, app identity, store availability, visible boot, and
zero console errors.

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# Terminal Performance Initiative
Working plan for the `orca-performance` branch. Goal: make Orca's terminal as
performant as the architecture allows, with every claim backed by a number.
Started 2026-07-02.
## Why (user-reported, from the team meeting)
1. Typing in the terminal is sometimes laggy — occasionally seconds of delay.
2. Users say the terminal is slower than iTerm (unclear if typing or scrolling).
3. Scrolling in Claude Code / OpenCode is slow.
4. Idle memory is high (12 GB).
5. Battery usage is high.
Goals: legit performance complaints ≤ 1/week; sampled P90 typing/scrolling
latency down significantly; lower memory with 01 agents.
## Ground truth (verified against source, 2026-07-02)
Research corpus: xterm.js 6 / VS Code / Ghostty internals study (verified
file:line claims) — see the archived digest and the "xterm.js vs Ghostty"
deep-dive. The Orca-specific findings below were re-verified against this
repo's code:
- **Electron main sits on every terminal byte's path** (daemon → main →
renderer). VS Code ships the same xterm.js but bypasses main entirely: its
ptyHost is a UtilityProcess with a direct MessagePort to each renderer.
- **The PTY producer is never paused.** `acknowledgeDataEvent` is a no-op in
both `LocalPtyProvider` and `DaemonPtyAdapter`. Only main→renderer delivery
is watermarked (512 KB, `src/main/ipc/pty.ts:1374`); main's own buffer can
grow toward a 512 MB cap under flood. VS Code pauses the actual pty at 100k
unacked chars (kernel backpressure blocks the shell).
- Renderer terminals share one thread with the entire React app; xterm.js
parses in 12 ms slices at a documented 535 MB/s ceiling.
- Renderer scrollback default is 5,000 rows (`src/shared/terminal-scrollback-policy.ts`),
5× VS Code's default; 12 B/cell plus per-line JS objects; O(all lines)
reflow on column resize.
- Latency physics: Ghostty ~4 ms median keypress latency, VS Code ~31 ms
(same-library reference), native class 510 ms. Realistic target: beat
VS Code, close on iTerm2, eliminate the stall/jank class entirely (P99
dominates perception).
## Current state
Branch `orca-performance` (long-lived testing line, from main @ `8e8a08ac7`):
1. `tools/benchmarks/terminal-pipeline-bench.mjs` — cross-terminal rig
(see Benchmark protocol below).
2. Merge of PR #7153 = #7150 (freeze/memory: backlog caps, wedge guards,
probe-certified replay release) + #7139 (cooperative drain: paced backlog
draining keeps typing responsive under floods). Post-merge on this base:
`pnpm typecheck` clean, 626 targeted tests green (scheduler, guards,
pty/pty-connection/pty-transport suites). #7153 itself is a disposable
testing PR; #7139 and #7150 land separately on main.
## Workstreams
### 1. Baseline benchmarks (now; human-in-terminal required)
Run the rig in each terminal on the same machine — Orca pane, iTerm2, Ghostty,
Terminal.app, VS Code (T3Code if available):
```
node tools/benchmarks/terminal-pipeline-bench.mjs --label <machine>-<date>
node tools/benchmarks/terminal-pipeline-bench.mjs report
```
These numbers answer "are we actually slower than iTerm, and where," and are
the before/after for everything below.
### 2. Validate #7153 on orca-performance (this week, extended testing)
Watch for: typing responsiveness under agent floods, bounded memory,
skip-notice + snapshot repaint on overflow, no permanent input loss. When
validated, land #7139 and #7150 as separate PRs on main.
### 3. Revive term-speed-2 (the headline structural work)
History: nwparker's ~38-branch chain (+20k lines) implementing the terminal
model/view contract — hidden view parking, hidden delivery gate, side-effect
authority in main, model query authority, skip-grammar deletion — all
kill-switched, documented in
`origin/nwparker/term-speed-2-architecture-docs:docs/reference/terminal-model-view-contract.md`.
It shipped only in v1.4.78-rc.1, a deliberate personal-testing build; it was
never rejected and never reached main. Directly targets complaints 35
(hidden panes stop receiving bytes and unmount their xterm + WebGL atlases).
Merge scout (2026-07-02, chain tip into orca-performance): 144 files, 34
conflicted, 115 hunks. Hotspots: `pty-connection.ts` (31), `pty.ts` (16),
`daemon-pty-adapter.ts` (6), `orca-runtime.ts` (5).
`pane-terminal-output-scheduler.ts` does NOT conflict — #7139/#7150 and the
chain touch different layers; runtime interaction (drain pacing × hidden
gate) still needs deliberate testing.
Execution: dedicated focused session; resolve on `revive/term-speed-2` off
orca-performance; keep both sides' kill switches; validate with typecheck +
the contract tests listed in the model-view-contract doc + #7153's suites;
merge back to orca-performance for extended testing. Estimated ~1 day of
careful resolution + validation.
### 4. Remaining stall-bug fixes (parallel, independently shippable)
The "seconds of delay" class = discrete thread-blocking events, not
steady-state latency:
- PR #7105 (open): skip synchronous cold-restore replay for live daemon
sessions in doSpawn.
- `SerializeAddon.serialize()` audit: ~1.2 s renderer block at 50k scrollback
rows (#5096 follow-up, never done). Call sites include the mobile snapshot
path (`pty-connection.ts:2861`) and sleep/hibernate serialization.
- #2836 frozen-terminal leads: replay-guard latch, codex-stale gate, uncapped
buffers (repro harness exists).
- Checkpoint-RPC main-thread scrub (measured ~210 ms bursts per hot 5 s
tick; small, part of the same program).
### 5. Producer-side PTY flow control
Ack-driven pause/resume of the actual PTY through the daemon protocol
(node-pty supports it), watermarks per the xterm.js flow-control guide
(≤500 KB). Converts flood-induced buffered lag into shell blocking — the
correct physics. Sequence after #7139 lands (interacts with its drain pacing).
Design (2026-07-03, implement after the term-speed-2 revival merges —
same files):
- Signal source: main already tracks per-pty pending + in-flight
(`pendingData`, `rendererInFlightCharsByPty` in `ipc/pty.ts`). When a
pty's pending exceeds HIGH (256 KB), main asks the producer to pause;
below LOW (32 KB), resume.
- Producer side: two new protocol notifications (`pausePty`/`resumePty`,
protocol vNext, version-gated like `supportsIncrementalCheckpoints`);
daemon `Session` calls node-pty `pause()`/`resume()` — stops reading the
pty fd, kernel buffer fills, the shell blocks on write: true kernel
backpressure, identical physics to VS Code's 100k/5k design.
`LocalPtyProvider` calls pause/resume directly.
- Safety invariants: (1) failsafe auto-resume after 5 s regardless of
watermark, so a lost resume can never wedge a shell; (2) resume on
detach/exit/kill/daemon-reconnect; (3) pause must not suppress the
interactive-echo bypass — with the pipeline fixed (11.5 MB/s dev), the
HIGH watermark is only reachable during genuine floods where echo is
already queued; (4) PTY reads never stop for model/tail ingestion
(term-speed-2 invariant #1) — pause gates the fd read, so daemon-side
emulator state pauses with it, which is correct (state = what was read).
- Tests: watermark transition unit tests, lost-resume failsafe, kill/exit
cleanup, plus an e2e pressure scenario asserting bounded main memory and
a blocked producer (`yes` exits promptly on SIGINT while paused).
### 6. Extend the measurement rig
- True keypress→pixel latency: Typometer manual protocol (the DSR probe stops
at the parser reply, before paint).
- Idle memory + battery: per-process RSS breakdown + `powermetrics` sampling
at 0/1/5 agents (goal-3 metric).
- FPS under flood; event-loop-delay probes (`monitorEventLoopDelay`) in
main/daemon/renderer behind a debug flag for pipeline attribution.
### 7. utilityProcess terminal router (structural endgame; gated on data)
An Electron UtilityProcess owns the daemon socket and hands each renderer a
MessagePort — VS Code's topology while keeping Orca's detached daemon (warm
reattach). Takes main off the terminal data path entirely; daemon-side
history persistence falls out naturally. Prototype only after baselines show
how much tail latency lives in the main hop.
### 8. Production P90 telemetry
Sampled keypress→echo latency + long-task/stall counts from real users;
defines the success criterion and becomes the permanent regression gate.
Design after the local rig stabilizes so the metrics match.
## Benchmark protocol
`tools/benchmarks/terminal-pipeline-bench.mjs` measures, from inside any
terminal:
- **DSR idle latency** — ESC[6n round trips (p50/p90/p99); replies come only
after the parser reaches the query, so it proxies the input pipeline
without keystroke injection.
- **Fenced throughput** — 4 deterministic fixtures (`ascii-log`, `cjk-emoji`,
`agent-tui` — Claude-Code-shaped transcript + DEC-2026 status repaints —
and labeled-pathological `styles-stress`), each run ended by a DSR fence so
xterm.js-class ingest queues can't flatter the result.
- **DSR under load** — latency sampled during a paced 1 MB/s agent-TUI
stream: "typing while the agent works," quantified.
Rules: same machine, AC power, comparable window size, no tmux/screen, hands
off the keyboard during runs. Never compare numbers across machines.
## Sequencing
```
now: [1] baselines [2] #7153 testing (parallel)
next: [3] term-speed-2 revival (dedicated session)
parallel: [4] stall fixes, [6] rig extensions
after 2/3: [5] flow control
gated: [7] utility router [8] telemetry
```
BMW-group crash work remains the team's priority gate above all of this
(#7150's wedge guards overlap it); this plan runs measurement and revival
prep in parallel without displacing it.
## Findings log
### 2026-07-02 — baseline + decomposition (results committed in tools/benchmarks/results/)
Same machine, unattended serial runs (Orca 1.4.91 prod, Terminal.app, Ghostty
1.3.1; iTerm2 not installed, VS Code pending):
| metric | Orca prod | Terminal.app | Ghostty |
|---|---|---|---|
| DSR idle p50/p99 (ms) | 0.69 / 22.7 | 0.35 / 0.68 | 0.19 / 0.72 |
| DSR under 1 MB/s agent load p50/p99 (ms) | **134 / 292** | 0.45 / 7.9 | 0.21 / 6.1 |
| agent-tui fenced throughput | **2.0 MB/s** | 37 | 78 |
| ascii-log fenced throughput | 13 MB/s | 39 | 93 |
Decomposition of the 51× agent-tui gap — both pipeline ends are fast:
- Bare `@xterm/headless` (114×85, scrollback 5000): agent-tui **103 MB/s**
(`terminal-headless-parse-bench.mjs`). The xterm parser is not the problem.
- Daemon `Session` ingest (emulator + pending-output recording + fanout):
agent-tui **103 MB/s** (`session-ingest-throughput.bench.test.ts`,
`ORCA_TERMINAL_PERF_BENCH=1`). The daemon is not the problem.
Conclusions: (1) idle latency is fine — the extra process hop costs ~0.5 ms,
so the utilityProcess router is deprioritized by data; (2) the crisis is
queueing between daemon egress and renderer parse completion — main
per-chunk processing, the 512 KB delivery/ACK pacing (ACKs fire after
renderer write callbacks, so renderer slowness throttles delivery
multiplicatively), and renderer per-chunk layers above xterm; (3) the
agent-TUI shape (DEC-2026 frames + erase/repaint) is 6.5× worse than plain
text inside Orca while being equal-cost everywhere else — profile it in the
renderer first (task #9).
### 2026-07-02 — dev-build check of #7139/#7150 (confounded; directional only)
Dev build of orca-performance (282-col window, 3MB fixtures, dev-mode
overhead): DSR idle p50 0.64 ms (unchanged), **DSR under load p50 161 ms**
the cooperative-drain branch does not move the under-load class. In
hindsight this is structural: DSR replies are ordered within the output
stream, so the metric measures output-queue depth; #7139 paces draining to
protect input-send responsiveness but cannot reorder the queue. Implications:
(1) the 134 ms-class number is fixed only by shrinking the queue (producer
flow control) or raising drain rate (the 51× throughput hunt); (2) #7153's
own wins (freeze class, bounded memory, input-loss guards) must be validated
with freeze scenarios and real typing, not DSR. Also learned: dev-mode runs
are ~2× slower across the board and fences need `--dsr-timeout-ms` headroom.
### 2026-07-02 — 51× loss attributed: scheduler fixed-nap drip (task #9)
The renderer output scheduler (`pane-terminal-output-scheduler.ts`) drained
at most 2×16KB per tick, then slept 4ms (high-priority) / 16ms (background)
regardless of parse speed. Isolation bench (fake timers, instant-parse
terminal — `pane-terminal-output-scheduler-throughput.bench.test.ts`,
`ORCA_TERMINAL_PERF_BENCH=1`): **background cadence = 1.9 MB/s — matching
prod's measured 2.0 MB/s agent-tui ceiling**; foreground = 27 MB/s (only
when arrivals re-poke 0ms drains; Chromium's ~4ms timer clamp makes the
sustained real-world HP ceiling ~8 MB/s). Classification: pty-connection's
`isLatencySensitiveForegroundOutput` routes sizable no-recent-input chunks
to the queue, so floods always ride the drip.
Fix (committed 9e8bb2243): high-priority drains are now **parse-clocked**
a pacer re-arms a 0ms drain when xterm's write callback confirms the batch
parsed — and carry 8 writes/tick (128KB ≈ 1.3ms parse). Isolation ceiling:
27 → **117.6 MB/s** (parse-limited). Background cadence deliberately
unchanged (protects the focused pane; hidden panes are term-speed-2's job).
`DRAIN_TIME_BUDGET_MS` still bounds tick work (cooperative-drain intent of
#7139 preserved; its budget-yield test still passes). 621 tests green.
Open follow-ups from this attribution: (a) end-to-end dev verification (in
progress); (b) whether main's `background:true` delivery marking demotes
visible-pane floods to the background drip — check
`window.__terminalOutputSchedulerDebug` counters in a dev run; (c) ascii-log
gap (13 vs 83 MB/s headless) — likely per-chunk `beforeWrite` side-effect
scanning; profile after (a).
### 2026-07-03 — THE WHALE: main's retained-tail redraw path is O(tail) per chunk
Parse-clock fix didn't move end-to-end (agent-tui still 0.7 MB/s dev). Layered
probes (renderer scheduler counters → main whole-method timer → per-section
timers → targeted micro-benches) attributed it fully:
- Renderer receives only ~350770 KB/s — it is **starved**, not slow.
- `OrcaRuntime.onPtyData` consumes **~93% of main's event loop** during the
flood (~950 ms/s at ~450 chunks/s ≈ 2.1 ms/chunk).
- All wrapped sub-calls (OSC scanners, agent detect, watchers, headless
track, leaves loop, mobile touch) together: **~3.5%**. The remainder is the
pty-record tail block.
- Micro-bench (`appendNormalizedToTailBuffer` with a real agent-TUI frame
containing `ESC[10A ESC[0J`): **0.888 ms/chunk at a 2,000-line tail** — 32×
the plain-append path. Cause: `appendNormalizedToMultilineTailBuffer`
materializes ~2,001 row objects per chunk (orca-runtime.ts:22324) and
`finalizeRetainedTerminalRows` allocates them all again plus runs a
trailing-whitespace regex per row (:22458) — ~4k allocations + 2k regexes
per tiny chunk, twice the tail length in O(n) passes. Every Claude-Code
frame (cursor-up + erase-below) takes this path; plain logs don't — which
is exactly the measured agent-tui vs ascii asymmetry.
Chain: TUI flood → O(tail) work per chunk in main → main event loop
saturates → daemon socket backpressures → renderer starved at ~0.4 MB/s →
deep queue → 134 ms DSR-under-load.
Fix (in progress): run the existing algorithm on a lazy suffix window (the
cursor's maximum upward reach, computed from the chunk) with the untouched
prefix shared by reference; differential fuzz test proves output equality
against the original implementation. Worst case (pathological full-height
cursor-up) falls back to today's cost.
### 2026-07-03 — windowed-tail fix: partial end-to-end win; next suspect queued
Dev-build bench after the windowed redraw-tail fix (label dev-tailfix, same
protocol as dev-parseclock): agent-tui **0.7 → 1.0 MB/s (+43%)**, DSR-under-
load **p50 161 → 108 ms, p99 624 → 154 ms (4×)**. Real movement for the
first time, but the pipeline is still far from the renderer's 27117 MB/s
capacity — another main-side consumer remains hot.
Next cycle (exact recipe): re-apply the whole-method main probe
(`onPtyDataMs` sampler in `pty.ts` bindProviderListeners) on the fixed
build. If onPtyData still dominates, the remaining O(tail)/per-chunk
suspects in priority order: (1) `buildTerminalWaitText` ×2 per chunk (full
tail join, 0.116 ms/chunk in prod-node isolation — likely 2-4× that in
dev); (2) `normalizeTerminalChunk` (regex over every chunk, never measured);
(3) the per-leaf duplicate tail path when `tailStateMatches` fails. If
onPtyData no longer dominates, probe the main→renderer delivery batching
next. The probe/bench cycle is mechanical: relaunch dev
(`ELECTRON_ENABLE_LOGGING=1 pnpm dev`), `orca-dev terminal create --command
"<bench> --label X --size-mb 3 --dsr-timeout-ms 120000"`, grep the log.
### 2026-07-03 — post-fix attribution: `blockedCheck` is the remaining whale
Post-windowed-tail probe run (dev build, agent-tui): `onPtyData` still
~90% of main's event loop (~930 ms/s). Bucket split per second:
**blockedCheck ≈ 700790 ms (~85%)**, waitText ≈ 70, append ≈ 25 (windowed
fix confirmed), normalize ≈ 7, preview ≈ 0.
Mechanism (orca-runtime.ts:23128 `nextTailHasNewerBlockedReason` + its
callers): per chunk, TWO full wait texts are built (`buildTerminalWaitText`
joins the whole ≤256KB tail), then the check calls `.toLowerCase()` on both
(another ~512KB of string allocation per chunk) and runs multi-pattern
blocked/ready scans (`findTerminalWaitBlockedSignal`,
`findKnownReadyPromptIndex` — lastIndexOf/regex passes over the full text)
— all to timestamp `waitBlockedAt` for `terminal wait`.
Fix design (next session): blocked/ready prompts are end-anchored — an
actionable prompt is at the END of output. (1) Run the check on a bounded
suffix of the wait text (last ~64 lines / 16KB) instead of the full tail;
(2) cheap pre-filter: skip entirely unless the appended chunk (plus a small
carry for split keywords) can contain a blocked keyword; (3) build the two
wait texts only when the check runs. Verification mirrors the windowed-tail
pattern: keep the full-text check as reference + differential fuzz over
randomized tails/prompts (split-across-chunks cases included — the
`appendCandidateSignal` ordering semantics at :23146 must be preserved),
plus the terminal-wait contract tests. Expected effect: removes ~85% of
remaining onPtyData cost; combined with the two landed fixes should
finally unlock the pipeline toward the renderer's measured 27117 MB/s.
### 2026-07-03 — pipeline unlocked: three stacked fixes, 16× throughput, 9× latency
Dev-build bench with all three fixes (parse-clocked drains 9e8bb2243,
windowed tail 4e08a28cd, throttled blocked-check 66f20258e), label
dev-blockedfix, same protocol/config as prior dev rows:
| metric | pre-fix dev | +tail fix | +blocked fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| agent-tui MB/s | 0.7 | 1.0 | **11.5** |
| DSR load p50/p99 (ms) | 161 / 624 | 108 / 154 | **18.8 / 24.9** |
| DSR idle p50/p99 (ms) | 0.95 / 21 | 1.09 / 18 | **0.52 / 8.6** |
| ascii-log MB/s | 6.4 | 4.7 | **9.6** |
The agent-TUI-specific penalty is gone (agent-tui ≈ cjk ≈ ascii now). The
throttled blocked-check delivered the predicted ~85% cut. Dev mode carries
~2× overhead vs prod, so the prod build should land near ~10ms DSR-under-
load — from the 134ms baseline (~13×) — pending a packaged-build rerun.
Remaining floor is structural cadence (8ms daemon batch + 4ms HP drain
ticks + xterm 12ms slices), which flow control (#6) does not target;
re-evaluate the "within 10× of Terminal.app" goal line after a prod
measurement. Next: term-speed-2 revival (#4), then flow control (#6).
### 2026-07-03 — term-speed-2 revival: merged, green, NOT yet mergeable (perf gate)
`revive/term-speed-2` pushed (merge a5052c35f, tip 64b6f7abe): 144 files,
typecheck clean, ~2,776 targeted tests green, all three of our fixes
verified present, chain features present and kill-switched (subagent's
six review risks recorded in its report). Bench verdict on the revived
build (dev): DSR-load p50 ~19ms holds, but **throughput regressed ~35%
unconditionally** (agent-tui 11.5 → 7.27.4 MB/s; all-switches-OFF round
proved the kill switches are NOT the cost) and idle p50 doubled.
Attribution so far: main exonerated (whole-method probe: onPtyData ~60ms/s
≈ 6%); renderer reconcile + HP-first selection O(1)-checked; **daemon
CONVICTED by unit bench — `Session` ingest 103 → 39.5/47.7 MB/s (2.22.6×)
on the revive branch** (`session-ingest-throughput.bench.test.ts`,
ORCA_TERMINAL_PERF_BENCH=1). Cause: the chain's headless-emulator
restructure (scanner classes / query-reply forwarding / view-attribute
responder) added per-byte cost to the daemon hot path. Chunks reaching
main are now ~5.8KB vs ~650B (daemon emits slower, batches bigger).
NEXT (fast inner loop — pure unit bench, no app restarts): on
revive/term-speed-2, diff `headless-emulator.ts`/`session.ts` vs
7839fb9db, find the per-chunk scanner cost, restore our bounded-parser
fast paths (the daemon emulator must never pay per-byte JS scanning for
bytes that contain no ESC — same pre-filter pattern as the blocked-check
keyword bypass), verify with the ingest bench back at ~100 MB/s, then
full dev bench expecting blockedfix parity (~11.5 MB/s), THEN merge to
orca-performance. A residual renderer-side share is possible once the
daemon is fixed — re-attribute after.
Merge gate: revive branch merges only at ≥ blockedfix numbers.
**RETRACTION (2026-07-03, later):** the daemon conviction above was a
confounded measurement — the 3948 MB/s ingest runs executed while a dev
app was still running. On a quiet machine the revive branch ingests at
**82109 MB/s** (≈ pre-merge) and its HeadlessEmulator alone does 99.5 MB/s
vs raw xterm 77.7. The daemon is innocent. Consequently the end-to-end
revival delta (11.5 → 7.2/7.4 dev) is also UNTRUSTED — none of those runs
were load-controlled, and unit benches show up to 2.6× machine-load
variance. Scanner pre-filters landed anyway on revive (71c89da9b;
strictly positive, 641 daemon tests green).
**New measurement protocol (mandatory from here):** quiet machine (no dev
apps or benches concurrent), paired A/B runs back-to-back alternating
branches, n≥2 per side, report spread not just p50. The merge-gate
comparison (blockedfix vs revive) must be redone under this protocol
before any verdict. Next: run the controlled A/B; if the delta
disappears, merge revive into orca-performance and proceed to flow
control (#6); if it persists, resume attribution renderer-side (probe
pty-connection dataCallback additions per chunk).
### 2026-07-03 — A/B gate passed; term-speed-2 MERGED to orca-performance
Load-controlled alternating A/B (fresh app per run, n=2/side, agent-tui +
DSR-load): perf 6.7/5.2 MB/s, dsr p50 19.9/21.3, p99 107.8/218.1; revive
6.1/3.6 MB/s, dsr p50 21.4/20.3, **p99 63.4/26.1**. Verdict: latency p50
tied, p99 better on revive, throughput within overlapping noise (revive2's
3.6 followed two runtime-busy create failures). The earlier "35%
regression" is confirmed noise. Note: both branches ~5-7 MB/s today vs
11.5 yesterday — dev benches carry ~2x day-to-day machine variance;
absolute dev numbers are only comparable within one A/B session.
Merged revive/term-speed-2 → orca-performance; typecheck clean, 288
post-merge spot tests green. orca-performance now = main-ish base + #7153
+ three perf fixes + full term-speed-2 chain (kill-switched, default ON)
+ scanner pre-filters. Extended user testing now covers everything.
Remaining from the revival agent's risk list: gate×drain e2e specs
(terminal-hidden-*, parked-memory, sleep-wake) still not run — queue them.
Next: producer flow control (#6) per design §5; prod packaged-build bench
for the real headline numbers.
### 2026-07-03 — flow control merged; goal-state accounting
Producer flow control merged to orca-performance (348aeb325): protocol
v19 `pausePty`/`resumePty`, 256KB/32KB watermarks on main's pendingData,
node-pty kernel backpressure, 5s daemon-side lost-resume failsafe +
main-side pause re-assert, resume on every teardown path, version-gated
(v≤18/SSH no-op), kill switch `PRODUCER_FLOW_CONTROL_ENABLED`
(ipc/pty.ts:143), 29 new tests. Typecheck + 292 post-merge spot tests
green.
**Definition-of-done accounting:**
- 51× loss: ATTRIBUTED AND FIXED (three fixes; agent-tui 0.7→11.5 MB/s
and DSR-load p50 161→18.8 dev, results committed).
- term-speed-2: REVIVED AND MERGED (A/B gate passed).
- Flow control: IMPLEMENTED AND MERGED.
- "Within 10× of Terminal.app (4.5ms)": RE-SCOPED to pending a packaged
RC measurement. Evidence: dev = 18.8ms with ~2× dev overhead → prod
projection ~9-10ms ≈ 20× Terminal.app (vs 300× at baseline). The
remaining gap is structural cadence (daemon 8ms batch, renderer drain
ticks, xterm 12ms parse slices) — tunable follow-ups, distinct from the
waste class this initiative eliminated. Prod verification path:
electron-vite preview CANNOT host the bench (CLI-created panes are not
adopted by the preview window's renderer → no ACKs → pending-cap drop;
two attempts, documented) — measure on the next packaged RC cut from
orca-performance using the committed rig + protocol instead.
**Deferred, ordered:** (1) sync orca-performance with main — conflicts
incl. stream-opcode collision (chain `Ack=12` vs main's #7205-era
`Metadata=12`; renumber chain side, audit mobile/web stream consumers);
(2) chain's e2e specs (hidden parking / parked memory / sleep-wake) —
gate×drain risk; (3) cadence tuning toward the 10× line; (4) rig
extensions + P90 telemetry (tasks #3/#8).
### 2026-07-03 — PROD VERDICT: v1.4.121-rc.0 benchmarked (the headline numbers)
Same rig, same protocol, same machine as the 1.4.91 baseline:
| metric | 1.4.91 baseline | v1.4.121-rc.0 | change |
|---|---|---|---|
| DSR idle p50 | 0.69 ms | **0.44 ms** | = Terminal.app (0.45) |
| DSR under load p50 | 134 ms | **18.6 ms** | 7.2x |
| DSR under load p99 | 292 ms | **29.7 ms** | 9.8x |
| agent-tui | 2.0 MB/s | **11.2 MB/s** | 5.6x |
| styles-stress | 7.8 MB/s | **10.4 MB/s** | 1.3x |
| ascii-log | 13 MB/s | 11.0 MB/s | ~0.85x |
| cjk-emoji | 15 MB/s | 12.2 MB/s | ~0.81x |
Reading: the anomalous TUI penalty is GONE — all four fixtures now sit at
a uniform ~11-12 MB/s, which is the scheduler pacing ceiling, not parse
CPU (prod ≈ dev for both latency and throughput; the pipeline is
cadence-bound, so faster prod code changes nothing). That uniform cap
also explains plain-text dipping slightly below baseline: ascii/cjk used
to run unpaced ahead of the old scheduler; now everything flows through
the same parse-clocked path. Goal line check: 18.6 ms = 41x Terminal.app
under load (goal was 10x = 4.5 ms) — NOT met; down from 300x. Idle IS at
parity. The remaining 4x is the named cadence stack (daemon 8 ms batch,
scheduler drain ticks + 8x16KB per-tick budget, xterm 12 ms slices) —
next lever, tunable, tracked as follow-up. p99 tail (the freeze class)
is 29.7 ms — users cannot perceive it.
Caveat: measured on the user's live app (this session active in it);
idle p99 118 ms reflects that activity, not the terminal path.
### 2026-07-03 — Same-engine reference: VS Code head-to-head (same machine, same rig)
| metric | Orca v1.4.121-rc.0 | VS Code | verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| DSR idle p50 | **0.44 ms** | 7.00 ms | Orca 16x faster |
| DSR load p50 | 18.6 ms | **7.18 ms** | VS Code 2.6x faster |
| DSR load p99 | **29.7 ms** | 43.4 ms | Orca 1.5x better tail |
| ascii-log | **11.0 MB/s** | 9.0 | Orca +22% |
| cjk-emoji | 12.2 | 11.3 | tie |
| agent-tui | 11.2 | 11.7 | tie |
| styles-stress | **10.4 MB/s** | 2.0 | Orca 5.2x |
Orca now beats or ties the best-known xterm.js terminal on 5 of 6
metrics — including 16x at idle (what users feel all day) and 5x on
SGR-heavy output — and holds a better p99 tail under load. Throughput
sits at the shared engine ceiling (~9-12 MB/s), confirming the class
limit.
The one loss (load p50) has a clean mechanism: VS Code's producer flow
control caps unacked output at ~100KB, so its standing queue is
~100KB / 11.7 MB/s ≈ 8.5 ms — matching its 7.18. Our standing queue
(18.6 ms ≈ ~200KB at 11 MB/s) is set by the main→renderer ACK window
(512KB/pty high water) + drain re-arm cadence (Chromium clamps nested
setTimeout to ~4ms). Two levers, both cheap to test: (1) MessageChannel
drain scheduling (sub-ms re-arm; also raises the throughput ceiling);
(2) tighter effective in-flight window on the renderer delivery path.
Target: VS Code's ~7ms class or below without giving back throughput.
### 2026-07-03 — Batch windows were the gap: dev DSR-load p50 19 -> 8.0ms
Lever results (dev, 3MB protocol, same session):
- MessageChannel drains (2434dfaae): 19.01ms — NO change. Proved the
~19ms was NOT queue depth: at 1MB/s vs ~11MB/s capacity (9% util)
there is no standing queue. Kept (correct, removes a real clamp).
- Batch windows 8->2ms on BOTH hops (e67a91d7a: daemon
STREAM_DATA_BATCH_INTERVAL_MS + main PTY_BATCH_INTERVAL_MS):
**p50 8.00 / p90 10.13 / p99 12.26ms** (from 19.01/22.7/28.1).
Throughput unchanged (agent-tui 9.8 vs 9.1, ambient noise). 239
batcher+pty tests green after timing updates.
Dev-mode 8.0ms already matches VS Code prod (7.18); prod build should
land BELOW VS Code. p99: ours 12.3 vs VS Code 43.4. The remaining
fixed-latency terms are renderer/xterm-internal (12ms parse slices).
Note: main's interactive bypass (input-gated) means real keystroke echo
skips batching entirely — the DSR metric understates real typing
responsiveness; VS Code measured on the same freight path, comparison
fair.
Next: cut RC, confirm in prod, re-baseline vs Terminal.app (expect
~8-15x from 300x at baseline; goal line 10x = 4.5ms now plausibly in
reach).
### 2026-07-03 — Chain e2e debt PAID: all 6 hidden-pane specs green
terminal-hidden-view-parking (parks + restores rich TUI on reveal; bell/
title side effects live while parked), terminal-sleep-wake-restore
(output restored + input accepted after wake), terminal-parked-memory
(renderer memory released on park; views retained when kill-switched
off): 6/6 passed, electron-headless, 1.1m. The gate x drain interplay —
the revival's top flagged risk — now has e2e coverage on the exact
branch the RC ships from. Remaining garble-hardening: differential
hide/reveal fuzz harness (next build), reveal-time seq diagnostics.
## Success criteria (baseline-relative; finalize after task 1)
- DSR-under-load p90 in Orca within striking distance of iTerm2 on the same
box; zero DSR timeouts (today's freeze class).
- Fenced agent-tui throughput ≥ VS Code on the same box.
- Idle RSS with 01 agents materially down (target set after the memory
harness lands; hidden-pane parking is the main lever).
- Zero >100 ms event-loop stalls in main/renderer during a 10 MB flood.
- Production P90 typing latency down and monitored continuously.

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# Windows Performance Investigation — Progress Log
Goal: (1) significantly improve Windows startup time (~1 min cold start reported),
(2) fix OpenCode-driven UI freezes, (3) improve overall Windows performance.
All changes must be proven with before/after benchmark numbers.
## Phase 2 (2026-07-02, branch Jinwoo-H/windows-performance-improvement) — terminal interaction latency
Complaints: slow workspace switching, slow tab create/switch (terminal-related), occasional crashes.
Harness: `tools/benchmarks/terminal-perf-bench.mjs` (CDP-driven dev app, renderer-clock phase
timings; scenarios tab-create / tab-switch / workspace-switch; local git fixture).
Main-process spawn attribution: `ORCA_PTY_SPAWN_TIMING=1``[pty-spawn-timing]` lines
(pty.ts handler phases: preflight/auth/host_env/options/provider_spawn).
Findings (baseline, this machine):
- Workspace switch: every hide disposed each pane's WebGL context; resume recreated it —
~5ms macOS, 100-500ms/pane Windows ANGLE (the comment in terminal-visibility-resume.ts
admitted this). Premise (16-context budget) stale since #7064 raised budget to 128.
- Tab create: ~550ms steady state; main handler only ~115ms (host_env≈50ms, daemon
provider_spawn≈68ms). Remainder is renderer-side (xterm open + WebGL context for the new
pane + React mount). First-ever spawn paid +2.7s inside provider_spawn = daemon's first
ConPTY (native module + conpty.dll + OpenConsole + Defender), lazily on the user's first terminal.
- Tab switch: paint settle median 80-99ms; longtasks 64-151ms — every light tab resume runs
scheduleTerminalWebglAtlasRecovery: 3× (frame/120ms/500ms) global shared-atlas clear +
refresh of EVERY pane in EVERY manager. Parse-time recovery (pty-connection.ts
recoverWebglAtlasAfterParse / hiddenOutputNeedsAtlasRecoveryAfterParse) already covers
risky output including hidden. CAUTION: #7058 changed this area and was reverted (#7073) —
left as follow-up.
- LocalPtyProvider spawned without useConptyDll while the daemon path used it (legacy system
ConPTY corruption + perf differences on degraded-mode/fresh-local spawns).
Fixes on this branch (PR #7080 merged in — WebGL release on dispose + stale pty:exit synthesis):
- A/D: WebGL context retention across hide/show and the suspended-pane atlas recovery scoping
were reverted/parked for more terminal lifecycle testing. Hidden workspaces return to the
previous dispose-on-hide behavior.
- B: useConptyDll for LocalPtyProvider spawns (local-pty-utils.ts) — parity with daemon.
- F: daemon boots a throwaway `cmd.exe /c exit` ConPTY (windows-conpty-warmup.ts) so the
first user terminal doesn't pay the ~2.7s first-ConPTY cost.
Follow-ups (documented, not in this branch):
- Gate/scope the light-tab-switch atlas burst (see #7058/#7073 history first). Residual
tab-switch cost besides the burst: debounced ResizeObserver re-fit can reflow scrollback
when column count changed while hidden.
- Renderer-side tab-create cost (~400ms): mount chain runs new Terminal() + 5 eager addons
+ synchronous attachWebgl (pane-lifecycle.ts:108) before the spawn IPC (deferred one rAF,
pty-connection.ts:5158). Candidate: defer WebGL attach for brand-new panes.
- Cold-restore respawn fan-out: reconnectPersistedTerminals does NOT spawn; the fan-out is
Terminal.tsx mounting a TerminalPane per restored tab at once — each fires connectPanePty
→ rAF-deferred spawn IPC (pty-connection.ts:5158) with no concurrency cap. Cap belongs at
that renderer connect layer, not in reconnectPersistedTerminals.
- First terminal opened immediately after launch also waits on the one-time daemon-init
barrier (pty:spawn awaits getLocalPtyStartupPromise, ipc/pty.ts:2518; measured
preflight=0 in the bench because hydration had finished first, but an early Ctrl+T pays
it). In-daemon Windows shell resolution (pwsh -Version probe, PowerShell exe-chain
existsSync/statSync scan) is uncached per spawn; the conpty warm-up spawns cmd.exe so it
does not warm PowerShell resolution. Note the warm-up and an early first spawn serialize
on the daemon's single thread — the 1255ms post-fix first-spawn number is mostly queueing
behind the in-flight warm-up, not unwarmed cost.
- node-pty ≥1.2.0-beta defers conpty connect (spawn returns pid=0 fast) — would stop spawn
storms serializing the daemon loop.
Pre-existing Windows-only test failures (also on main, CI is ubuntu-only): 5 attribution-shim
PATH assertions in src/main/ipc/pty.test.ts (path-separator artifacts).
## Status
- [x] Benchmark harness for startup time (`tools/benchmarks/startup-time-bench.mjs`)
- [x] Startup bottleneck FIXED + verified: **19.31s → 1.80s median** (fixture);
real-world profile was 62s of blocked main thread → now 0 icacls spawns steady-state
- [x] OpenCode freeze ROOT CAUSE found + fixed: MessagePart hook flood (see F5/D2).
Benchmark: 22.9 MB / 540 ms / 400 main-process fanouts per turn → 469 KB / 79 ms / 120
(legacy vs throttled plugin behavior through the real hook HTTP pipeline)
- [x] General Windows sync-work audit (results below); audit item #2 (readHooksJson per
status IPC) investigated and found NOT hot — renderer barely calls those handlers.
Fixed pre-existing Windows-only test failures (hydrate-shell-path delimiter).
- [x] Windows ConPTY e2e perf validation (F7 below)
## Key facts / environment
- Branch: `Jinwoo-H/windows-launch-time`
- Electron app, entry: `src/main/index.ts` (~1557 lines)
- Existing startup diagnostics: `ORCA_STARTUP_DIAGNOSTICS=1` writes `[startup] <event>` lines to stderr
(`src/main/startup/startup-diagnostics.ts`)
- Prior art: PR #4618 "perf: speed up desktop startup", #5011 "stop main-thread PowerShell ACL storm
on env-store reads", #4526 "Avoid OpenCode config cleanup freezes on Windows", b240d5eee
"Measure startup hydration phases"
## Follow-ups / known issues (out of scope for this branch)
- Pre-existing Windows-only unit test failures: `daemon-pty-adapter.test.ts` (61) and
`history-manager.test.ts` (3, chmod-based fs-error simulation is a no-op on Windows).
Identical with/without this branch's changes. CI never sees them (ubuntu-only).
- Consider a Windows CI lane for the terminal-perf e2e suite (F6/F7) and these unit suites.
- Typing-latency load-sensitivity (F7): possible deeper work on daemon checkpoint
scheduling/priority if user reports persist after D3.
- Audit leftovers (F4): non-recursive `grantDirAcl` execFileSync on hook install
(installer-utils.ts:210) could be async; readHooksJson caching unnecessary (not hot).
### D3 — Async checkpoint writes (implemented)
`HistoryManager.checkpoint` (every ~5s per dirty session, Electron main process) switched
from writeFileSync+renameSync (~1MB snapshot JSON, inflated by Defender on Windows) to
fs.promises with the same tmp+rename atomicity; ordering preserved by the adapter's
checkpointInFlight guard.
## Suspects (startup)
1. **`grantDirAcl(userData, { recursive: true })`** — `src/main/index.ts:517-523`, win32 only,
runs **synchronously on the main process inside `openMainWindow()` before window creation**.
Spawns `icacls <userData> /grant:r <user>:(OI)(CI)(F) /T /C` with a **60s timeout**.
The comment itself admits large userData dirs (tens of thousands of Chromium cache files)
can take >10s. This blocks first paint for the whole walk. Matches "1 minute launch" and
"Windows only".
2. Windows Defender real-time scan of exe/asar/native modules on cold start (environmental,
can't fix in code, but reducing file count / sync IO helps).
3. TBD: store sync load, daemon init, i18n init, sherpa-onnx native module load.
### F3 — Baseline benchmark (2026-06-10)
Harness: `node tools/benchmarks/startup-time-bench.mjs --label baseline --iterations 3 --files 28000`
(28k-file synthetic Chromium-cache-shaped userData fixture in %TEMP%, headless launch of
the electron-vite build with `ORCA_STARTUP_DIAGNOSTICS=1`, milestones parsed from stderr).
| phase (median of 3) | baseline |
|---|---|
| spawnToAppReady | 857ms |
| appReadyToServices | 178ms |
| servicesToI18n | 2ms |
| i18nToOpenWindow | 7ms |
| **aclGrantMs** | **15.65s** |
| windowCreatedToLoaded | 1.06s |
| **totalToDidFinishLoad** | **19.31s** |
ACL walk = 81% of total. (Fixture is kinder than the real profile: same file count but
freshly-written small files → real %APPDATA%\Orca measured 62s for the same command.)
JSON: tools/benchmarks/results/startup-baseline-2026-06-10T19-36-01-305Z.json
### F4 — Sync main-thread audit (subagent, 2026-06-10)
Ranked offenders beyond the ACL grant (#1):
2. `readHooksJson` + JSON.parse re-read per agent-status IPC call across ~10 hook services
(`src/main/*/hook-service.ts` via `agent-hooks/installer-utils.ts:50`) — 10-100ms per
status snapshot, all platforms. Remediation: in-memory cache.
3. `whoami.exe` SID resolution (win32-utils.ts:92) — already cached, OK.
4. macOS-only `defaults read` per browser probe — not Windows.
5. `installer-utils.ts:210` non-recursive grantDirAcl on hook install (execFileSync,
500ms-2s) — infrequent write path, low priority.
6. `secure-file.ts` sync PowerShell on credential write path — by design (#5011), leave.
## Suspects (OpenCode freeze)
- User report: UI freezes ~5s after sending prompt; OpenCode session itself continues fine
(visible from external terminal). So the agent process is healthy — the freeze is in Orca's
main process or renderer. Spinner in left panel still animates (= renderer compositor alive?
or just that one timer). Need to find sync main-process work triggered by OpenCode activity.
- Prior fix #4526 "Avoid OpenCode config cleanup freezes on Windows" — re-check that path.
### Research results (subagent, 2026-06-10) — ranked candidates
1. **ConPTY output flood vs PTY batching/backpressure** (HIGH): Windows ConPTY re-renders
full TUI frames → 10-100x output volume vs macOS. Batching in `src/main/ipc/pty.ts`
(16KB chunks / 8ms flush, 512KB renderer in-flight window). If renderer xterm.write is
slow, ACKs stall → in-flight fills → main stalls. Tests: terminal-foreground-redraw-freeze,
artificial-opencode-terminal-load e2e.
2. **Sync `runtime.onPtyData` per data event before batching** (MED-HIGH):
`src/main/ipc/pty.ts:1376-1430``orca-runtime.ts:3256-3420`: normalizeTerminalChunk +
tail-buffer append + agent-status OSC parsing run synchronously per chunk on main.
Daemon PTY path. High event rate × per-event cost can saturate the main loop.
3. **`mirrorUserConfig` recursive fs work in `buildPtyEnv` on PTY spawn** (MED):
`src/main/opencode/hook-service.ts:359-524` + `pty/overlay-mirror.ts:63-110`
readdir/safeRemoveTree/symlinks on main thread at spawn; #4526 fixed only clearPty side.
Timing mismatch with "5s after prompt" though.
4. Agent-status event fan-out per OSC title (LOW-MED). 5. Tail-buffer O(n²) (LOW).
Gap in coverage: no test exercises rapid continuous ConPTY-scale data + sync onPtyData
accumulation on Windows.
### F5 — ROOT CAUSE (2026-06-10): OpenCode MessagePart hook flood
Eliminated candidates first: ran `terminal-foreground-redraw-freeze.spec.ts` on THIS Windows
machine (real ConPTY + daemon provider) — passes; renderer output scheduler protections hold.
The raw TUI-output-flood theory doesn't explain an OpenCode-specific permanent freeze.
The actual mechanism (src/main/opencode/hook-service.ts plugin source):
- OpenCode publishes `message.part.updated` with the FULL accumulated text of the part on
every streamed append (architecture: parts are republished, not deltas).
- Orca's plugin POSTed that full text to the agent-hook server on EVERY event →
**O(n²) bytes per streaming turn**. A 120KB reply in 400 updates = ~23 MB through
loopback HTTP + main-process JSON.parse; real turns are worse (per-token updates).
- Main process spends its whole loop on HTTP receive + parse + normalize + fanout. UI symptom
matches the user report exactly: everything dead (window close needs main + renderer
round-trip), EXCEPT the sidebar agent indicator — which is the one thing fed by the very
agentStatus:set flood that's starving everything else.
- Why Windows-biased: same flood exists on macOS but combines on Windows with ConPTY
full-frame redraw volume and generally slower process IO; also Windows daemon-PTY path
adds main-process onPtyData work.
- Why "5 seconds after sending the prompt": that's when the accumulated text gets big.
- Why OpenCode keeps working: plugin POST failures are swallowed; the session is healthy.
- Downstream payloads were already bounded (prompt 200 chars, lastAssistantMessage 8000
chars via agent-status-types normalization) — the renderer wasn't the bottleneck; the
main-process ingest was.
### F7 — Windows ConPTY e2e perf validation (2026-06-10)
Ran the terminal-perf budget specs on this Windows machine (real ConPTY + daemon PTY
provider — a path CI never exercises):
- `terminal-output-scheduler.spec.ts`: PASS (all tests)
- `terminal-foreground-redraw-freeze.spec.ts`: PASS
- `terminal-typing-latency.spec.ts`: PASSES in isolation, repeatedly — median 13.6-23.1ms,
worst 34-42ms (budgets: 250ms median / 1000ms worst). Two earlier runs that exceeded the
worst-key budget (1054.9ms, 2016.1ms outlier on a single key) occurred while other heavy
tooling (vitest/tsgo/builds) ran concurrently on the machine → load-sensitivity, not a
deterministic product defect. Note the product implication: under heavy host load
(exactly what coding agents generate), a keystroke can stall >1s on Windows. Plausible
contributors for follow-up: daemon checkpoint ticks (5s interval; snapshot serialize in
daemon + sync writeFileSync of checkpoint JSON on main — daemon-pty-adapter.ts:592,
history-manager.ts:109), Defender scanning fresh build artifacts.
### F6 — Windows e2e perf coverage gap
All terminal-perf e2e specs run on ubuntu-latest in CI. Verified they DO run on a Windows
dev machine (`npx playwright test ... --project electron-headless` works locally). Consider
a Windows CI lane for the terminal-perf suite.
## OpenCode fix (D2)
1. **Plugin throttle + cap (source fix)**`src/main/opencode/hook-service.ts`:
assistant MessagePart posts are trailing-edge coalesced to ≥250ms apart and text is
capped at 4000 chars (leading edge posts immediately so previews stay snappy; pending
snapshot flushed before SessionIdle so the done-row preview is the final message; user
prompts bypass the throttle slot). Plugin file is rewritten on every Orca-launched
OpenCode spawn, so the fix deploys to new sessions immediately.
2. **Listener-side cap (stale-plugin defense)**`src/shared/agent-hook-listener.ts`:
OpenCode MessagePart text capped at 8000 chars at ingest (OPENCODE_HOOK_TEXT_MAX_CHARS)
so pre-fix plugins in long-running OpenCode processes can't blow up state maps.
3. **Benchmark/regression test**`src/main/agent-hooks/opencode-message-part-flood-bench.test.ts`
drives the real hook HTTP pipeline with both behaviors. Measured on this machine:
| metric/turn | legacy plugin | throttled plugin |
|---|---|---|
| posts | 400 | 120 |
| bytes through main | 22.9 MB | 469 KB (49x less) |
| wall time | 540 ms | 79 ms |
| listener fanouts | 400 | 120 |
4. Behavioral plugin tests — `src/main/opencode/hook-plugin-message-part-throttle.test.ts`
executes the generated plugin with fake timers + stubbed fetch.
## Findings
### F1 — Recursive icacls walk is the ~1 min startup (CONFIRMED, 2026-06-10)
- This machine's real packaged-Orca userData: `%APPDATA%\Orca` = **28,650 files / 2.06 GB**
(mostly Chromium caches: Cache, Code Cache, GPUCache, blob_storage…).
- Measured the exact command Orca runs in `openMainWindow()` (src/main/index.ts:517-523):
- `icacls <userData> /grant:r <user>:(OI)(CI)(F) /T /C` → **62.0 s**
- App runs it with `execFileSync` (main thread, BLOCKING, before BrowserWindow creation)
with a **60s timeout** → every cold launch freezes ~60s, then the grant *times out and
silently fails* (execFileSync throws, caught). Users pay the full minute and get nothing.
- Non-recursive root-only grant: **4.8 s** (NTFS propagates inheritable ACE internally).
- `icacls <userData>\* /grant:r …` (immediate children, 48 entries): **4.7 s**.
- Why it exists (PR #1152): Chromium's BrowserWindow ctor resets userData DACL with
Inherit-Only ACEs → EPERM on writes in existing subdirs (codex-runtime-home, agent-hooks…).
Explicit child ACEs survive propagation. Per-write EPERM retries exist as backstop in
`codex-accounts/fs-utils.ts` + `agent-hooks/installer-utils.ts`.
- Windows ACL inheritance recalculates from the immediate parent during propagation, so
explicit ACEs on userData + immediate children are sufficient; per-file ACEs on 28k
Chromium cache files are useless work.
### F2 — Instrumentation prior art
- `ORCA_STARTUP_DIAGNOSTICS=1``[startup] <event>` lines on stderr (startup-diagnostics.ts).
Only 2 events exist today (single-instance lock). Commit b240d5eee (branch
perf/startup-first-window, NOT merged here) has a full StartupPhaseTimer framework —
too large to cherry-pick; adding minimal milestone logs instead.
- Hermetic benchmark launch path: `ORCA_E2E_USER_DATA_DIR=<dir>` redirects userData
(works packaged + dev), `ORCA_E2E_HEADLESS=1` keeps window hidden. Dev/preview mode
skips single-instance lock → safe alongside installed Orca.
## Decisions / fixes
### D0 — RESULTS: ACL fix benchmark (2026-06-10)
| phase (median) | baseline (3 it.) | after fix (4 it.) | steady state (3 it.) |
|---|---|---|---|
| aclGrantMs | **15.65s sync/blocking** | async (off critical path) | **0ms (marker hit)** |
| totalToWindowCreated | 18.25s | 930ms | 814ms |
| totalToDidFinishLoad | **19.31s** | **2.04s** | **1.80s** |
- First launch after fix: total 2.06s while the background grant ran 6.81s concurrently.
- Marker verified written by real icacls run; subsequent launches log `acl-grant-done
mode=marker-hit` with zero spawns.
- JSON evidence: tools/benchmarks/results/startup-{baseline,acl-fix,acl-fix-steady}-*.json
- Files: src/main/startup/windows-user-data-acl.ts (+tests), src/main/index.ts (wire-up +
startup milestones), src/main/win32-utils.ts (export identity resolver),
tools/benchmarks/startup-time-bench.mjs (harness).
### D1 — ACL grant fix (implemented as planned)
Replace the synchronous recursive walk with:
1. A persisted marker (`windows-acl-grant.json` in userData, keyed on identity + scheme
version): when present → skip everything (steady-state launches: 0 icacls spawns, 0 ms).
2. When marker missing (first launch after install/profile import): grant root +
immediate children via **async spawn** (never blocks window creation); write marker
on success. Per-write EPERM retries remain the backstop during the async window —
that's exactly what they're for (#1152 comment says so).
3. Drop the /T full-tree walk entirely; it grants nothing the immediate-children
ACEs + inheritance propagation don't already cover.

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