diff --git a/config/scripts/live-freeze-bounded-history.mjs b/config/scripts/live-freeze-bounded-history.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b64b7d52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/scripts/live-freeze-bounded-history.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+export class BoundedLiveFreezeHistory {
+  #entries = []
+  #limit
+  #nextIndex = 0
+  #totalCount = 0
+
+  constructor(limit) {
+    if (!Number.isInteger(limit) || limit <= 0) {
+      throw new Error(`History limit must be a positive integer, got ${limit}`)
+    }
+    this.#limit = limit
+  }
+
+  add(entry) {
+    this.#totalCount += 1
+    if (this.#entries.length < this.#limit) {
+      this.#entries.push(entry)
+      return
+    }
+    this.#entries[this.#nextIndex] = entry
+    this.#nextIndex = (this.#nextIndex + 1) % this.#limit
+  }
+
+  get retainedCount() {
+    return this.#entries.length
+  }
+
+  get totalCount() {
+    return this.#totalCount
+  }
+
+  values() {
+    if (this.#entries.length < this.#limit || this.#nextIndex === 0) {
+      return [...this.#entries]
+    }
+    return [...this.#entries.slice(this.#nextIndex), ...this.#entries.slice(0, this.#nextIndex)]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/config/scripts/live-freeze-bounded-history.test.mjs b/config/scripts/live-freeze-bounded-history.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..48d1cfb5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/scripts/live-freeze-bounded-history.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import { BoundedLiveFreezeHistory } from './live-freeze-bounded-history.mjs'
+
+describe('BoundedLiveFreezeHistory', () => {
+  it('retains the newest entries in insertion order and counts the full run', () => {
+    const history = new BoundedLiveFreezeHistory(3)
+
+    for (let value = 1; value <= 7; value += 1) {
+      history.add(value)
+    }
+
+    expect(history.values()).toEqual([5, 6, 7])
+    expect(history.retainedCount).toBe(3)
+    expect(history.totalCount).toBe(7)
+  })
+
+  it('rejects invalid retention limits', () => {
+    expect(() => new BoundedLiveFreezeHistory(0)).toThrow('positive integer')
+    expect(() => new BoundedLiveFreezeHistory(1.5)).toThrow('positive integer')
+  })
+})
diff --git a/config/scripts/live-remote-bulk-open-freeze-metrics.mjs b/config/scripts/live-remote-bulk-open-freeze-metrics.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4f24e59ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/scripts/live-remote-bulk-open-freeze-metrics.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+/**
+ * Pure metrics helpers for the live remote bulk-open freeze harness.
+ * Kept separate so unit tests can drive the same code the repro uses.
+ */
+
+export const DEFAULT_SOFT_MS = 2000
+export const DEFAULT_HARD_MS = 5000
+
+export function readFreezeNumberEnv(name, fallback) {
+  const raw = process.env[name]
+  if (raw == null || raw.trim() === '') {
+    return fallback
+  }
+  const value = Number(raw)
+  if (!Number.isFinite(value)) {
+    throw new Error(`Invalid ${name}: expected a finite number, got ${JSON.stringify(raw)}`)
+  }
+  return value
+}
+
+export function extractTerminalHandle(result) {
+  if (!result || typeof result !== 'object') {
+    return null
+  }
+  const candidates = [
+    result.handle,
+    result.terminalHandle,
+    result.agentTerminalHandle,
+    typeof result.terminal === 'string' ? result.terminal : result.terminal?.handle,
+    result.startupTerminal?.handle,
+    result.tab?.terminal,
+    result.tab?.handle
+  ]
+  for (const value of candidates) {
+    if (typeof value === 'string' && value.startsWith('term_')) {
+      return value
+    }
+  }
+  for (const value of Object.values(result)) {
+    if (typeof value === 'string' && value.startsWith('term_')) {
+      return value
+    }
+    if (value && typeof value === 'object') {
+      for (const nested of Object.values(value)) {
+        if (typeof nested === 'string' && nested.startsWith('term_')) {
+          return nested
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return null
+}
+
+export function worktreeSelector(wt) {
+  if (typeof wt?.id === 'string' && wt.id.length > 0) {
+    return `id:${wt.id}`
+  }
+  if (typeof wt?.path === 'string' && wt.path.length > 0) {
+    return `path:${wt.path}`
+  }
+  return null
+}
+
+/**
+ * Peak stall across individual switch latency and concurrent batch wall.
+ * Hard freeze when peak >= hardMs (default 5000).
+ */
+export function evaluateFreezeSignals({
+  maxSwitchMs = 0,
+  maxBatchWallMs = 0,
+  statusProbeMs = 0,
+  memoryProbeMs = null,
+  softMs = DEFAULT_SOFT_MS,
+  hardMs = DEFAULT_HARD_MS
+}) {
+  const peakLatencyMs = Math.max(maxSwitchMs, maxBatchWallMs)
+  const softFreeze =
+    peakLatencyMs >= softMs ||
+    statusProbeMs >= softMs ||
+    (memoryProbeMs != null && memoryProbeMs >= softMs)
+  const hardFreeze =
+    peakLatencyMs >= hardMs ||
+    statusProbeMs >= hardMs ||
+    (memoryProbeMs != null && memoryProbeMs >= hardMs)
+  return { peakLatencyMs, softFreeze, hardFreeze }
+}
+
+export function shouldCapSwitchTargets(maxSwitchTargets) {
+  return Number.isFinite(maxSwitchTargets) && maxSwitchTargets > 0
+}
+
+export function applySwitchTargetCap(targets, maxSwitchTargets) {
+  if (!shouldCapSwitchTargets(maxSwitchTargets)) {
+    return targets
+  }
+  return targets.slice(0, maxSwitchTargets)
+}
+
+/** Scenarios that model real user recovery, not concurrent CLI pileup. */
+export const REALISTIC_SCENARIOS = [
+  'idle-backlog-open',
+  'idle-backlog-reconnect-open',
+  'restart-proxy',
+  /** Idle + flood + reconnect storm overlapped with concurrent open fan-out. */
+  'lockup-storm'
+]
+
+/**
+ * Permanent lockup: app/host stops making progress — not a single recovered timeout.
+ * Distinct from multi-second hard stall that still recovers (status answers, most opens ok).
+ */
+export function evaluatePermanentLockup({
+  timedOutOps = 0,
+  statusHangMs = 0,
+  consecutiveSwitchFailures = 0,
+  openFailed = 0,
+  openTotal = 0,
+  permanentTimeoutMs = 60_000,
+  /** Fraction of opens that must fail to count as lockup without status hang. */
+  failRateThreshold = 0.25,
+  minTimedOutOps = 3
+}) {
+  const failRate = openTotal > 0 ? openFailed / openTotal : 0
+  const permanentLockup =
+    statusHangMs >= permanentTimeoutMs ||
+    timedOutOps >= minTimedOutOps ||
+    consecutiveSwitchFailures >= 5 ||
+    (openTotal >= 8 && failRate >= failRateThreshold)
+  return {
+    permanentLockup,
+    timedOutOps,
+    statusHangMs,
+    consecutiveSwitchFailures,
+    failRate,
+    recoveredHardStallCandidate:
+      !permanentLockup && timedOutOps < minTimedOutOps && statusHangMs < permanentTimeoutMs
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Peak across open latencies + optional reconnect-refresh wall + probes.
+ * Used by the naturalistic harness (no parallel switch amp).
+ */
+export function evaluateRealisticFreezeSignals({
+  maxOpenMs = 0,
+  firstOpenMs = 0,
+  reconnectRefreshMs = 0,
+  statusProbeMs = 0,
+  memoryProbeMs = null,
+  softMs = DEFAULT_SOFT_MS,
+  hardMs = DEFAULT_HARD_MS
+}) {
+  const peakLatencyMs = Math.max(maxOpenMs, firstOpenMs, reconnectRefreshMs)
+  return evaluateFreezeSignals({
+    maxSwitchMs: peakLatencyMs,
+    maxBatchWallMs: 0,
+    statusProbeMs,
+    memoryProbeMs,
+    softMs,
+    hardMs
+  })
+}
+
+export function humanPaceDelayMs(baseMs, jitterMs = 0) {
+  const base = Math.max(0, baseMs)
+  const jitter = Math.max(0, jitterMs)
+  if (jitter === 0) {
+    return base
+  }
+  return base + Math.floor(Math.random() * (jitter + 1))
+}
+
+/** Full-app forever freeze: host RPC dead for a continuous window, not a recovered stall. */
+export const DEFAULT_FOREVER_WINDOW_MS = 30_000
+export const DEFAULT_STATUS_SLOW_MS = 15_000
+
+/**
+ * Analyze mid-storm status samples for a continuous unhealthy window.
+ * Sample: { tMs, ms, ok, hang }
+ */
+export function evaluateFullAppFreeze({
+  statusSamples = [],
+  statusSummary = {},
+  foreverWindowMs = DEFAULT_FOREVER_WINDOW_MS,
+  statusSlowMs = DEFAULT_STATUS_SLOW_MS,
+  killOnlyRecovery = false
+}) {
+  const infrastructureErrors = statusSamples.filter((sample) => sample.infrastructureError)
+  const infrastructureErrorCount = Math.max(
+    infrastructureErrors.length,
+    statusSummary.infrastructureErrorCount ?? 0
+  )
+  const maxStatusMs = Math.max(
+    0,
+    ...statusSamples.map((s) => s.ms || 0),
+    statusSummary.maxStatusMs ?? 0
+  )
+  if (killOnlyRecovery) {
+    return {
+      foreverUiLockupObserved: true,
+      longestUnhealthyWindowMs: foreverWindowMs,
+      maxStatusMs,
+      unhealthySampleCount: statusSummary.sampleCount ?? statusSamples.length,
+      infrastructureErrorCount,
+      reason: 'kill-only recovery documented'
+    }
+  }
+
+  const unhealthy = statusSamples.map((s) => {
+    const hang = !s.infrastructureError && (Boolean(s.hang) || s.ok === false)
+    const slow = !s.infrastructureError && (s.ms || 0) >= statusSlowMs
+    return { ...s, unhealthy: hang || slow }
+  })
+
+  let longest = statusSummary.longestUnhealthyWindowMs ?? 0
+  let runStart = null
+  for (const s of unhealthy) {
+    if (s.unhealthy) {
+      runStart ??= s.tMs ?? 0
+      const end = (s.tMs ?? 0) + (s.ms || 0)
+      longest = Math.max(longest, end - runStart)
+    } else {
+      runStart = null
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If timestamps missing, fall back to consecutive unhealthy count * assumed interval.
+  if (longest === 0 && unhealthy.some((s) => s.unhealthy)) {
+    let run = 0
+    for (const s of unhealthy) {
+      if (s.unhealthy) {
+        run += 1
+        longest = Math.max(longest, run)
+      } else {
+        run = 0
+      }
+    }
+    // Without wall clock, consecutive count alone is not a ms window.
+    longest = 0
+  }
+
+  const foreverUiLockupObserved = longest >= foreverWindowMs
+  const unhealthySampleCount = Math.max(
+    unhealthy.filter((s) => s.unhealthy).length,
+    statusSummary.unhealthySampleCount ?? 0
+  )
+
+  return {
+    foreverUiLockupObserved,
+    longestUnhealthyWindowMs: longest,
+    maxStatusMs,
+    unhealthySampleCount,
+    infrastructureErrorCount,
+    reason: foreverUiLockupObserved
+      ? `status unhealthy ≥${foreverWindowMs}ms continuous`
+      : infrastructureErrorCount > 0
+        ? `status watchdog infrastructure errors: ${infrastructureErrorCount}`
+        : maxStatusMs >= statusSlowMs
+          ? `status slow peak ${maxStatusMs}ms but no ≥${foreverWindowMs}ms window`
+          : 'status remained healthy through storm'
+  }
+}
diff --git a/config/scripts/live-remote-bulk-open-freeze-metrics.test.mjs b/config/scripts/live-remote-bulk-open-freeze-metrics.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..586364b43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/scripts/live-remote-bulk-open-freeze-metrics.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import {
+  applySwitchTargetCap,
+  evaluateFreezeSignals,
+  evaluateFullAppFreeze,
+  evaluatePermanentLockup,
+  evaluateRealisticFreezeSignals,
+  extractTerminalHandle,
+  humanPaceDelayMs,
+  readFreezeNumberEnv,
+  REALISTIC_SCENARIOS,
+  shouldCapSwitchTargets,
+  worktreeSelector
+} from './live-remote-bulk-open-freeze-metrics.mjs'
+
+describe('live-remote-bulk-open-freeze-metrics', () => {
+  it('extracts term_ handles from nested create payloads', () => {
+    expect(extractTerminalHandle({ handle: 'term_abc' })).toBe('term_abc')
+    expect(extractTerminalHandle({ terminal: { handle: 'term_nested' } })).toBe('term_nested')
+    expect(extractTerminalHandle({ tab: { terminal: 'term_tab' } })).toBe('term_tab')
+    expect(extractTerminalHandle({ startupTerminal: { handle: 'term_start' } })).toBe('term_start')
+    expect(extractTerminalHandle({ junk: { deep: 'term_deep' } })).toBe('term_deep')
+    expect(extractTerminalHandle({ handle: 'not-a-term' })).toBeNull()
+    expect(extractTerminalHandle(null)).toBeNull()
+  })
+
+  it('builds worktree selectors from id/path', () => {
+    expect(
+      worktreeSelector({ id: 'repo::C:/Users/neil/orca/orca', path: 'C:/Users/neil/orca/orca' })
+    ).toBe('id:repo::C:/Users/neil/orca/orca')
+    expect(worktreeSelector({ path: '/tmp/x' })).toBe('path:/tmp/x')
+    expect(worktreeSelector({})).toBeNull()
+  })
+
+  it('does not cap switch targets when max is 0 (regression for Math.max(2,0) bug)', () => {
+    expect(shouldCapSwitchTargets(0)).toBe(false)
+    expect(shouldCapSwitchTargets(-1)).toBe(false)
+    expect(shouldCapSwitchTargets(2)).toBe(true)
+    const many = Array.from({ length: 111 }, (_, i) => `term_${i}`)
+    expect(applySwitchTargetCap(many, 0)).toHaveLength(111)
+    expect(applySwitchTargetCap(many, 2)).toHaveLength(2)
+  })
+
+  it('classifies hard freeze at >=5000ms peak (individual or batch wall)', () => {
+    expect(evaluateFreezeSignals({ maxSwitchMs: 3874, maxBatchWallMs: 3874 }).hardFreeze).toBe(
+      false
+    )
+    expect(evaluateFreezeSignals({ maxSwitchMs: 3874, maxBatchWallMs: 3874 }).softFreeze).toBe(true)
+
+    const hardIndividual = evaluateFreezeSignals({ maxSwitchMs: 19954, maxBatchWallMs: 1000 })
+    expect(hardIndividual.hardFreeze).toBe(true)
+    expect(hardIndividual.peakLatencyMs).toBe(19954)
+
+    const hardBatch = evaluateFreezeSignals({ maxSwitchMs: 900, maxBatchWallMs: 20201 })
+    expect(hardBatch.hardFreeze).toBe(true)
+    expect(hardBatch.peakLatencyMs).toBe(20201)
+  })
+
+  it('evaluates naturalistic peaks without requiring parallel batch amp', () => {
+    expect(REALISTIC_SCENARIOS).toContain('idle-backlog-open')
+    expect(REALISTIC_SCENARIOS).toContain('idle-backlog-reconnect-open')
+    expect(REALISTIC_SCENARIOS).toContain('lockup-storm')
+    const soft = evaluateRealisticFreezeSignals({
+      maxOpenMs: 3200,
+      firstOpenMs: 2800,
+      reconnectRefreshMs: 900
+    })
+    expect(soft.softFreeze).toBe(true)
+    expect(soft.hardFreeze).toBe(false)
+    expect(soft.peakLatencyMs).toBe(3200)
+
+    const hardFromReconnect = evaluateRealisticFreezeSignals({
+      maxOpenMs: 800,
+      firstOpenMs: 700,
+      reconnectRefreshMs: 6200
+    })
+    expect(hardFromReconnect.hardFreeze).toBe(true)
+    expect(hardFromReconnect.peakLatencyMs).toBe(6200)
+  })
+
+  it('flags full-app freeze only for continuous unhealthy status window ≥30s', () => {
+    const healthy = evaluateFullAppFreeze({
+      statusSamples: [
+        { tMs: 0, ms: 150, ok: true },
+        { tMs: 2000, ms: 180, ok: true },
+        { tMs: 4000, ms: 140, ok: true }
+      ],
+      foreverWindowMs: 30_000,
+      statusSlowMs: 15_000
+    })
+    expect(healthy.foreverUiLockupObserved).toBe(false)
+
+    const forever = evaluateFullAppFreeze({
+      statusSamples: [
+        { tMs: 0, ms: 16_000, ok: true },
+        { tMs: 16_000, ms: 16_000, ok: true },
+        { tMs: 32_000, ms: 16_000, ok: false, hang: true }
+      ],
+      foreverWindowMs: 30_000,
+      statusSlowMs: 15_000
+    })
+    expect(forever.foreverUiLockupObserved).toBe(true)
+    expect(forever.longestUnhealthyWindowMs).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(30_000)
+
+    expect(
+      evaluateFullAppFreeze({ statusSamples: [], killOnlyRecovery: true }).foreverUiLockupObserved
+    ).toBe(true)
+  })
+
+  it('does not classify watchdog infrastructure errors as an app freeze', () => {
+    const result = evaluateFullAppFreeze({
+      statusSamples: Array.from({ length: 25 }, (_, index) => ({
+        tMs: index * 1500,
+        ms: 1,
+        ok: false,
+        infrastructureError: true,
+        error: 'spawn ENOENT'
+      }))
+    })
+
+    expect(result.foreverUiLockupObserved).toBe(false)
+    expect(result.unhealthySampleCount).toBe(0)
+    expect(result.infrastructureErrorCount).toBe(25)
+  })
+
+  it('preserves full-run watchdog peaks after sample retention rotates', () => {
+    const result = evaluateFullAppFreeze({
+      statusSamples: [{ tMs: 60_000, ms: 100, ok: true }],
+      statusSummary: {
+        sampleCount: 40,
+        maxStatusMs: 16_000,
+        unhealthySampleCount: 3,
+        infrastructureErrorCount: 2,
+        longestUnhealthyWindowMs: 32_000
+      },
+      foreverWindowMs: 30_000,
+      statusSlowMs: 15_000
+    })
+
+    expect(result.foreverUiLockupObserved).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.longestUnhealthyWindowMs).toBe(32_000)
+    expect(result.maxStatusMs).toBe(16_000)
+    expect(result.unhealthySampleCount).toBe(3)
+    expect(result.infrastructureErrorCount).toBe(2)
+  })
+
+  it('rejects invalid numeric environment values', () => {
+    process.env.ORCA_FREEZE_TEST_NUMBER = 'not-a-number'
+    expect(() => readFreezeNumberEnv('ORCA_FREEZE_TEST_NUMBER', 5)).toThrow(
+      'Invalid ORCA_FREEZE_TEST_NUMBER'
+    )
+    delete process.env.ORCA_FREEZE_TEST_NUMBER
+    expect(readFreezeNumberEnv('ORCA_FREEZE_TEST_NUMBER', 5)).toBe(5)
+  })
+
+  it('distinguishes recovered hard stall from permanent lockup', () => {
+    // Single reveal timeout with healthy status is NOT permanent app lockup.
+    expect(
+      evaluatePermanentLockup({
+        timedOutOps: 1,
+        statusHangMs: 0,
+        consecutiveSwitchFailures: 1,
+        openFailed: 1,
+        openTotal: 64
+      }).permanentLockup
+    ).toBe(false)
+    expect(
+      evaluatePermanentLockup({
+        timedOutOps: 3,
+        statusHangMs: 0,
+        consecutiveSwitchFailures: 0,
+        openFailed: 3,
+        openTotal: 64
+      }).permanentLockup
+    ).toBe(true)
+    expect(
+      evaluatePermanentLockup({
+        timedOutOps: 0,
+        statusHangMs: 60_000,
+        consecutiveSwitchFailures: 0,
+        permanentTimeoutMs: 60_000
+      }).permanentLockup
+    ).toBe(true)
+    expect(
+      evaluatePermanentLockup({
+        timedOutOps: 0,
+        statusHangMs: 0,
+        consecutiveSwitchFailures: 5
+      }).permanentLockup
+    ).toBe(true)
+    expect(
+      evaluatePermanentLockup({
+        timedOutOps: 0,
+        openFailed: 20,
+        openTotal: 40
+      }).permanentLockup
+    ).toBe(true)
+  })
+
+  it('human pace delay stays within base+jitter', () => {
+    for (let i = 0; i < 20; i += 1) {
+      const d = humanPaceDelayMs(250, 150)
+      expect(d).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(250)
+      expect(d).toBeLessThanOrEqual(400)
+    }
+    expect(humanPaceDelayMs(100, 0)).toBe(100)
+  })
+
+  it('reads the real hard-freeze lab report when present', async () => {
+    const { readdirSync, readFileSync, existsSync } = await import('node:fs')
+    const { resolve } = await import('node:path')
+    const reportDir = resolve(process.cwd(), 'test-results/freeze-repro')
+    if (!existsSync(reportDir)) {
+      // Local clones without lab artifacts still pass pure metrics tests above.
+      return
+    }
+    const reportName = readdirSync(reportDir).find(
+      (name) => name.startsWith('live-bulk-open-freeze-') && name.endsWith('.json')
+    )
+    if (reportName == null) {
+      return
+    }
+    const report = JSON.parse(readFileSync(resolve(reportDir, reportName), 'utf8'))
+    const evaluated = evaluateFreezeSignals({
+      maxSwitchMs: report.maxSwitchMs,
+      maxBatchWallMs: report.maxBatchWallMs ?? 0,
+      statusProbeMs: report.statusProbeMs ?? 0,
+      memoryProbeMs: report.memoryProbeMs,
+      softMs: report.softMs,
+      hardMs: report.hardMs
+    })
+    expect(evaluated.hardFreeze).toBe(report.hardFreeze)
+    expect(evaluated.peakLatencyMs).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(5000)
+    expect(typeof report.environment).toBe('string')
+    expect(report.environment.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+    expect(report.switchTargets).toBeGreaterThan(50)
+    expect(report.parallel).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(8)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/config/scripts/live-remote-bulk-open-freeze-repro.mjs b/config/scripts/live-remote-bulk-open-freeze-repro.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9da369d71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/scripts/live-remote-bulk-open-freeze-repro.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+/**
+ * Live freeze repro against a running Orca desktop + paired remote runtime.
+ *
+ * Models bulk-open of remote sessions under multi-worktree load.
+ *
+ * Usage:
+ *   node config/scripts/live-remote-bulk-open-freeze-repro.mjs
+ *   ORCA_FREEZE_ENV=paired-remote ORCA_FREEZE_CREATE=12 ORCA_FREEZE_SWITCH_PASSES=5 \
+ *     ORCA_FREEZE_PARALLEL=8 node config/scripts/live-remote-bulk-open-freeze-repro.mjs
+ */
+import { spawnSync } from 'node:child_process'
+import { mkdirSync, writeFileSync, copyFileSync } from 'node:fs'
+import path from 'node:path'
+import { BoundedLiveFreezeHistory } from './live-freeze-bounded-history.mjs'
+import {
+  applySwitchTargetCap,
+  DEFAULT_HARD_MS,
+  DEFAULT_SOFT_MS,
+  evaluateFreezeSignals,
+  extractTerminalHandle,
+  readFreezeNumberEnv,
+  shouldCapSwitchTargets,
+  worktreeSelector
+} from './live-remote-bulk-open-freeze-metrics.mjs'
+import { createOrcaRpc } from './live-remote-freeze-rpc.mjs'
+
+const root = path.resolve(import.meta.dirname, '../..')
+const reportDir = path.join(root, 'test-results', 'freeze-repro')
+const envName = process.env.ORCA_FREEZE_ENV || 'paired-remote'
+const createCount = Math.max(0, readFreezeNumberEnv('ORCA_FREEZE_CREATE', 0))
+const switchPasses = Math.max(1, readFreezeNumberEnv('ORCA_FREEZE_SWITCH_PASSES', 3))
+const parallel = Math.max(1, readFreezeNumberEnv('ORCA_FREEZE_PARALLEL', 1))
+// 0 = no cap (use all live terminals). Only positive env values limit targets.
+const maxSwitchTargets = Math.max(0, readFreezeNumberEnv('ORCA_FREEZE_MAX_SWITCH_TARGETS', 0))
+const softMs = readFreezeNumberEnv('ORCA_FREEZE_SOFT_MS', DEFAULT_SOFT_MS)
+const hardMs = readFreezeNumberEnv('ORCA_FREEZE_HARD_MS', DEFAULT_HARD_MS)
+const createWorktreeSpan = Math.max(1, readFreezeNumberEnv('ORCA_FREEZE_CREATE_WT_SPAN', 16))
+const preFloodMs = Math.max(0, readFreezeNumberEnv('ORCA_FREEZE_PRE_FLOOD_MS', 3000))
+const scratchDir = process.env.ORCA_FREEZE_SCRATCH || ''
+
+const { orcaJsonSync, orcaJsonAsync } = createOrcaRpc({ envName })
+
+async function mapPool(items, concurrency, worker) {
+  const results = Array.from({ length: items.length })
+  let next = 0
+  async function run() {
+    while (next < items.length) {
+      const index = next
+      next += 1
+      results[index] = await worker(items[index], index)
+    }
+  }
+  const runners = Array.from({ length: Math.min(concurrency, items.length) }, () => run())
+  await Promise.all(runners)
+  return results
+}
+
+function sampleOrcaIfPossible() {
+  if (process.platform !== 'darwin') {
+    return null
+  }
+  try {
+    const status = orcaJsonSync(['status'], { local: true }).result
+    const pid = status?.app?.pid
+    if (!pid) {
+      return null
+    }
+    const out = path.join(reportDir, `orca-sample-${Date.now()}.txt`)
+    const sampled = spawnSync('sample', [String(pid), '5', '-file', out], {
+      timeout: 20_000,
+      stdio: 'ignore'
+    })
+    return sampled.status === 0 ? out : null
+  } catch {
+    return null
+  }
+}
+
+function floodCommand(marker) {
+  // Continuous 2KB frames @ ~8ms — agent-like remote output.
+  const script =
+    "const m=process.argv[1];process.stdout.write('READY:'+m+'\\n');let f=0;const c='A'.repeat(2048);setInterval(()=>{f++;process.stdout.write('BG:'+m+':'+f+':'+c+'\\n')},8);process.stdin.resume()"
+  return `node -e ${JSON.stringify(script)} ${JSON.stringify(marker)}`
+}
+
+async function main() {
+  mkdirSync(reportDir, { recursive: true })
+  const notes = []
+  const timings = new BoundedLiveFreezeHistory(120)
+  const amplificationSteps = []
+
+  console.log(
+    `[live-freeze] env=${envName} create=${createCount} passes=${switchPasses} parallel=${parallel}`
+  )
+
+  const status = orcaJsonSync(['status'])
+  notes.push(
+    `remote version=${status.result?.runtime?.appVersion} state=${status.result?.runtime?.state}`
+  )
+  const local = orcaJsonSync(['status'], { local: true })
+  notes.push(`local version=${local.result?.runtime?.appVersion} pid=${local.result?.app?.pid}`)
+
+  const worktrees = orcaJsonSync(['worktree', 'list']).result
+  const wtList = worktrees?.worktrees || worktrees?.items || worktrees || []
+  if (!Array.isArray(wtList) || wtList.length === 0) {
+    throw new Error(`No worktrees on environment ${envName}`)
+  }
+  notes.push(`remote worktrees=${wtList.length}`)
+  amplificationSteps.push(`baseline worktrees=${wtList.length}`)
+
+  const targets = wtList.slice(0, Math.min(createWorktreeSpan, wtList.length))
+  const created = []
+
+  // Parallel flood-terminal creates across many worktrees.
+  if (createCount > 0) {
+    amplificationSteps.push(`create=${createCount} parallel=${Math.min(parallel, createCount)}`)
+    const createJobs = Array.from({ length: createCount }, (_, i) => i)
+    await mapPool(createJobs, Math.min(parallel, createCount), async (i) => {
+      const wt = targets[i % targets.length]
+      const selector = worktreeSelector(wt)
+      if (!selector) {
+        notes.push(`create ${i} skipped: no selector`)
+        return
+      }
+      const marker = `LIVE_BULK_${Date.now()}_${i}`
+      try {
+        const createdTerm = await orcaJsonAsync(
+          [
+            'terminal',
+            'create',
+            '--worktree',
+            selector,
+            '--title',
+            `freeze-repro-${i}`,
+            '--command',
+            floodCommand(marker)
+          ],
+          { timeoutMs: 180_000 }
+        )
+        timings.add({ op: 'terminal.create', ms: createdTerm.elapsedMs, ok: true, index: i })
+        const handle = extractTerminalHandle(createdTerm.result)
+        if (handle) {
+          created.push({ handle, marker, worktree: selector })
+          console.log(
+            `[live-freeze] created ${handle} on ${selector} in ${createdTerm.elapsedMs.toFixed(0)}ms`
+          )
+        } else {
+          notes.push(
+            `create ${i} missing handle: ${JSON.stringify(createdTerm.result).slice(0, 400)}`
+          )
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        timings.add({ op: 'terminal.create', ms: null, ok: false, error: String(error), index: i })
+        notes.push(`create ${i} failed: ${String(error).slice(0, 300)}`)
+        console.warn(`[live-freeze] create failed: ${String(error)}`)
+      }
+    })
+  }
+
+  if (preFloodMs > 0 && created.length > 0) {
+    amplificationSteps.push(`preFloodMs=${preFloodMs}`)
+    await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, preFloodMs))
+  }
+
+  let live = []
+  try {
+    const listed = orcaJsonSync(['terminal', 'list'])
+    const terms = listed.result?.terminals || []
+    live = terms
+      .filter(
+        (t) => typeof t.handle === 'string' && t.handle.startsWith('term_') && t.connected !== false
+      )
+      .map((t) => ({ handle: t.handle, title: t.title, worktreeId: t.worktreeId }))
+    notes.push(`live terminals listed=${live.length}`)
+  } catch (error) {
+    notes.push(`terminal list failed: ${String(error).slice(0, 200)}`)
+  }
+
+  let switchTargets = [...created.map((c) => c.handle), ...live.map((t) => t.handle)].filter(
+    (v, i, a) => typeof v === 'string' && a.indexOf(v) === i
+  )
+
+  if (shouldCapSwitchTargets(maxSwitchTargets) && switchTargets.length > maxSwitchTargets) {
+    switchTargets = applySwitchTargetCap(switchTargets, maxSwitchTargets)
+    amplificationSteps.push(`capped switchTargets=${maxSwitchTargets}`)
+  }
+
+  if (switchTargets.length < 2) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Need ≥2 terminals to bulk-switch; got ${switchTargets.length}. notes=${notes.join('; ')}`
+    )
+  }
+
+  amplificationSteps.push(
+    `switchTargets=${switchTargets.length} passes=${switchPasses} parallel=${parallel}`
+  )
+  console.log(
+    `[live-freeze] bulk-switching ${switchTargets.length} terminals × ${switchPasses} passes (parallel=${parallel})`
+  )
+
+  let maxSwitchMs = 0
+  let maxBatchWallMs = 0
+  let sumSwitchMs = 0
+  let switchCount = 0
+  const switchStarted = performance.now()
+
+  for (let pass = 0; pass < switchPasses; pass += 1) {
+    // Chunk targets into concurrent batches — piles load onto client/UI path.
+    for (let offset = 0; offset < switchTargets.length; offset += parallel) {
+      const batch = switchTargets.slice(offset, offset + parallel)
+      const batchStarted = performance.now()
+      const batchResults = await Promise.all(
+        batch.map(async (handle) => {
+          try {
+            const sw = await orcaJsonAsync(['terminal', 'switch', '--terminal', handle], {
+              timeoutMs: 90_000
+            })
+            return { handle, ms: sw.elapsedMs, ok: true }
+          } catch (error) {
+            return { handle, error: String(error), ok: false }
+          }
+        })
+      )
+      const batchWall = performance.now() - batchStarted
+      maxBatchWallMs = Math.max(maxBatchWallMs, batchWall)
+      for (const item of batchResults) {
+        if (item.ok) {
+          maxSwitchMs = Math.max(maxSwitchMs, item.ms)
+          sumSwitchMs += item.ms
+          switchCount += 1
+          timings.add({ op: 'terminal.switch', handle: item.handle, ms: item.ms, batchWall })
+          if (item.ms >= softMs) {
+            console.warn(`[live-freeze] SOFT lag on switch ${item.handle}: ${item.ms.toFixed(0)}ms`)
+          }
+          if (item.ms >= hardMs) {
+            console.warn(`[live-freeze] HARD lag on switch ${item.handle}: ${item.ms.toFixed(0)}ms`)
+          }
+        } else {
+          timings.add({ op: 'terminal.switch', handle: item.handle, error: item.error })
+          notes.push(`switch ${item.handle} failed: ${String(item.error).slice(0, 200)}`)
+        }
+      }
+      if (batchWall >= softMs) {
+        console.warn(`[live-freeze] SOFT batch wall=${batchWall.toFixed(0)}ms size=${batch.length}`)
+      }
+      if (batchWall >= hardMs) {
+        console.warn(`[live-freeze] HARD batch wall=${batchWall.toFixed(0)}ms size=${batch.length}`)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const bulkWallMs = performance.now() - switchStarted
+  const avgSwitchMs = switchCount ? sumSwitchMs / switchCount : 0
+
+  const statusProbe = orcaJsonSync(['status'], { local: true })
+  let memoryProbeMs = null
+  try {
+    const mem = orcaJsonSync(['diagnostics', 'memory'], { local: true, timeoutMs: 120_000 })
+    memoryProbeMs = mem.elapsedMs
+    notes.push(`memory diagnostic ms=${mem.elapsedMs.toFixed(0)}`)
+  } catch (error) {
+    notes.push(`memory diagnostic failed: ${String(error).slice(0, 200)}`)
+  }
+
+  const { peakLatencyMs, softFreeze, hardFreeze } = evaluateFreezeSignals({
+    maxSwitchMs,
+    maxBatchWallMs,
+    statusProbeMs: statusProbe.elapsedMs,
+    memoryProbeMs,
+    softMs,
+    hardMs
+  })
+
+  let samplePath = null
+  if (softFreeze || hardFreeze) {
+    samplePath = sampleOrcaIfPossible()
+    if (samplePath) {
+      notes.push(`sample=${samplePath}`)
+    } else {
+      notes.push('sample unavailable')
+    }
+  }
+
+  const report = {
+    topology: 'live-paired-remote',
+    environment: envName,
+    localVersion: local.result?.runtime?.appVersion,
+    remoteVersion: status.result?.runtime?.appVersion,
+    remoteWorktreeCount: wtList.length,
+    createdTerminals: created.length,
+    switchTargets: switchTargets.length,
+    switchPasses,
+    parallel,
+    maxSwitchMs,
+    maxBatchWallMs,
+    peakLatencyMs,
+    avgSwitchMs,
+    bulkWallMs,
+    statusProbeMs: statusProbe.elapsedMs,
+    memoryProbeMs,
+    softFreeze,
+    hardFreeze,
+    softMs,
+    hardMs,
+    amplificationSteps,
+    notes,
+    timingCount: timings.totalCount,
+    timings: timings.values()
+  }
+
+  const outPath = path.join(reportDir, `live-bulk-open-freeze-${envName}.json`)
+  writeFileSync(outPath, `${JSON.stringify(report, null, 2)}\n`)
+  // Also write a stamped peak report so amplification runs don't overwrite history.
+  const stamped = path.join(reportDir, `live-bulk-open-freeze-${envName}-peak-${Date.now()}.json`)
+  writeFileSync(stamped, `${JSON.stringify(report, null, 2)}\n`)
+  console.log(`[live-freeze] report ${outPath}`)
+  console.log(`[live-freeze] stamped ${stamped}`)
+  console.log(JSON.stringify(report, null, 2))
+
+  if (scratchDir) {
+    try {
+      mkdirSync(scratchDir, { recursive: true })
+      copyFileSync(outPath, path.join(scratchDir, 'live-bulk-open-freeze-report.json'))
+      writeFileSync(
+        path.join(scratchDir, 'live-freeze-amplify-summary.json'),
+        `${JSON.stringify(
+          {
+            peakLatencyMs,
+            hardFreeze,
+            softFreeze,
+            amplificationSteps,
+            stamped
+          },
+          null,
+          2
+        )}\n`
+      )
+    } catch (error) {
+      notes.push(`scratch copy failed: ${String(error).slice(0, 200)}`)
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (hardFreeze) {
+    process.exitCode = 2
+    console.error('[live-freeze] HARD FREEZE SIGNAL')
+  } else if (softFreeze) {
+    process.exitCode = 1
+    console.error('[live-freeze] SOFT FREEZE SIGNAL')
+  } else {
+    console.log('[live-freeze] no freeze signal under thresholds')
+  }
+}
+
+main().catch((error) => {
+  console.error('[live-freeze] failed', error)
+  process.exit(3)
+})
diff --git a/config/scripts/live-remote-freeze-rpc.mjs b/config/scripts/live-remote-freeze-rpc.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb018147b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/scripts/live-remote-freeze-rpc.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+import { spawn, spawnSync } from 'node:child_process'
+import path from 'node:path'
+
+export const MAX_ORCA_RPC_OUTPUT_BYTES = 20 * 1024 * 1024
+
+export function appendOrcaRpcOutput(output, chunk, bytes, limit = MAX_ORCA_RPC_OUTPUT_BYTES) {
+  const nextBytes = bytes + Buffer.byteLength(chunk)
+  return {
+    output: nextBytes > limit ? output : output + chunk,
+    bytes: nextBytes,
+    exceeded: nextBytes > limit
+  }
+}
+
+export function resolveOrcaCliCommand({ env = process.env, platform = process.platform } = {}) {
+  if (env.ORCA_CLI_COMMAND?.trim()) {
+    return env.ORCA_CLI_COMMAND.trim()
+  }
+  if (env.ORCA_DEV_REPO_ROOT) {
+    return 'orca-dev'
+  }
+  return platform === 'linux' ? 'orca-ide' : 'orca'
+}
+
+export function resolveOrcaCliInvocation({
+  env = process.env,
+  platform = process.platform,
+  nodeExecutable = process.execPath
+} = {}) {
+  const command = resolveOrcaCliCommand({ env, platform })
+  const commandName = platform === 'win32' ? path.win32.basename(command).toLowerCase() : command
+  if (
+    platform === 'win32' &&
+    env.ORCA_DEV_REPO_ROOT &&
+    (commandName === 'orca-dev' || commandName === 'orca-dev.cmd')
+  ) {
+    const defaultUserDataPath = path.win32.join(
+      env.APPDATA ?? path.win32.join(env.USERPROFILE ?? '', 'AppData', 'Roaming'),
+      'orca-dev'
+    )
+    return {
+      command: nodeExecutable,
+      prefixArgs: [path.win32.join(env.ORCA_DEV_REPO_ROOT, 'out', 'cli', 'index.js')],
+      env: {
+        ...env,
+        ORCA_USER_DATA_PATH:
+          env.ORCA_USER_DATA_PATH ?? env.ORCA_DEV_USER_DATA_PATH ?? defaultUserDataPath,
+        ORCA_DEV_CLI_INVOCATION: '1',
+        ORCA_APP_EXECUTABLE:
+          env.ORCA_APP_EXECUTABLE ??
+          path.win32.join(
+            env.ORCA_DEV_REPO_ROOT,
+            'node_modules',
+            'electron',
+            'dist',
+            'electron.exe'
+          ),
+        ORCA_APP_EXECUTABLE_NEEDS_APP_ROOT: '1'
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return { command, prefixArgs: [] }
+}
+
+export function createOrcaRpc({
+  envName,
+  cliCommand,
+  env = process.env,
+  platform = process.platform
+}) {
+  const cliInvocation = cliCommand
+    ? { command: cliCommand, prefixArgs: [] }
+    : resolveOrcaCliInvocation({ env, platform })
+  const commandLabel = cliCommand ?? resolveOrcaCliCommand({ env, platform })
+  const commandArgs = (args, local) => [
+    ...cliInvocation.prefixArgs,
+    ...args,
+    ...(local ? [] : ['--environment', envName]),
+    '--json'
+  ]
+
+  function orcaJsonSync(args, opts = {}) {
+    const started = performance.now()
+    const result = spawnSync(cliInvocation.command, commandArgs(args, opts.local), {
+      encoding: 'utf8',
+      env: cliInvocation.env,
+      maxBuffer: MAX_ORCA_RPC_OUTPUT_BYTES,
+      timeout: opts.timeoutMs ?? 120_000
+    })
+    const elapsedMs = performance.now() - started
+    if (result.error) {
+      throw new Error(`${commandLabel} ${args.join(' ')} failed to start: ${String(result.error)}`)
+    }
+    if (result.status !== 0) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `${commandLabel} ${args.join(' ')} failed (${result.status}): ${result.stderr || result.stdout}`
+      )
+    }
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(result.stdout)
+    if (parsed.ok === false) {
+      throw new Error(`${commandLabel} ${args.join(' ')} ok=false: ${JSON.stringify(parsed)}`)
+    }
+    return { parsed, elapsedMs, result: parsed.result }
+  }
+
+  function orcaJsonAsync(args, opts = {}) {
+    const started = performance.now()
+    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+      const child = spawn(cliInvocation.command, commandArgs(args, opts.local), {
+        env: cliInvocation.env,
+        stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe']
+      })
+      let stdout = ''
+      let stderr = ''
+      let outputBytes = 0
+      let settled = false
+      let timer
+      const fail = (error) => {
+        if (settled) {
+          return
+        }
+        settled = true
+        clearTimeout(timer)
+        reject(error)
+      }
+      const append = (stream, chunk) => {
+        if (settled) {
+          return stream
+        }
+        const appended = appendOrcaRpcOutput(stream, chunk, outputBytes)
+        outputBytes = appended.bytes
+        if (appended.exceeded) {
+          child.kill('SIGKILL')
+          fail(new Error(`${commandLabel} ${args.join(' ')} exceeded 20 MiB output limit`))
+          return stream
+        }
+        return appended.output
+      }
+      timer = setTimeout(() => {
+        child.kill('SIGKILL')
+        fail(
+          new Error(
+            `${commandLabel} ${args.join(' ')} timed out after ${opts.timeoutMs ?? 120_000}ms`
+          )
+        )
+      }, opts.timeoutMs ?? 120_000)
+      child.stdout.setEncoding('utf8')
+      child.stderr.setEncoding('utf8')
+      child.stdout.on('data', (chunk) => {
+        stdout = append(stdout, chunk)
+      })
+      child.stderr.on('data', (chunk) => {
+        stderr = append(stderr, chunk)
+      })
+      child.on('error', fail)
+      child.on('close', (code) => {
+        if (settled) {
+          return
+        }
+        clearTimeout(timer)
+        const elapsedMs = performance.now() - started
+        if (code !== 0) {
+          fail(
+            new Error(
+              `${commandLabel} ${args.join(' ')} failed (${code}): ${stderr || stdout}`.slice(
+                0,
+                800
+              )
+            )
+          )
+          return
+        }
+        try {
+          const parsed = JSON.parse(stdout)
+          if (parsed.ok === false) {
+            fail(
+              new Error(
+                `${commandLabel} ${args.join(' ')} ok=false: ${JSON.stringify(parsed)}`.slice(
+                  0,
+                  800
+                )
+              )
+            )
+            return
+          }
+          settled = true
+          resolve({ parsed, elapsedMs, result: parsed.result })
+        } catch (error) {
+          fail(
+            new Error(
+              `${commandLabel} parse failed: ${String(error)}; stdout=${stdout.slice(0, 400)}`
+            )
+          )
+        }
+      })
+    })
+  }
+
+  async function runReconnectRefreshStorm(notes) {
+    const started = performance.now()
+    const jobs = [
+      () => orcaJsonAsync(['status'], { timeoutMs: 90_000 }),
+      () => orcaJsonAsync(['worktree', 'list'], { timeoutMs: 120_000 }),
+      () => orcaJsonAsync(['terminal', 'list'], { timeoutMs: 120_000 }),
+      () => orcaJsonAsync(['status'], { local: true, timeoutMs: 60_000 }),
+      () => orcaJsonAsync(['worktree', 'list'], { timeoutMs: 120_000 }),
+      () => orcaJsonAsync(['terminal', 'list'], { timeoutMs: 120_000 })
+    ]
+    const results = await Promise.all(
+      jobs.map(async (job, index) => {
+        try {
+          const result = await job()
+          return { index, ok: true, ms: result.elapsedMs }
+        } catch (error) {
+          notes.push(`reconnect-refresh job ${index} failed: ${String(error).slice(0, 200)}`)
+          return { index, ok: false, ms: null, error: String(error) }
+        }
+      })
+    )
+    const wallMs = performance.now() - started
+    const maxJobMs = Math.max(0, ...results.map((result) => result.ms || 0))
+    notes.push(
+      `reconnect-refresh wall=${wallMs.toFixed(0)}ms maxJob=${maxJobMs.toFixed(0)}ms ok=${results.filter((result) => result.ok).length}/${results.length}`
+    )
+    return { wallMs, maxJobMs, results }
+  }
+
+  async function runRestartProxy(notes) {
+    const started = performance.now()
+    try {
+      const opened = await orcaJsonAsync(['open'], { local: true, timeoutMs: 120_000 })
+      notes.push(`orca open ms=${opened.elapsedMs.toFixed(0)}`)
+    } catch (error) {
+      notes.push(`orca open failed: ${String(error).slice(0, 200)}`)
+    }
+    const storm = await runReconnectRefreshStorm(notes)
+    return { wallMs: performance.now() - started, storm }
+  }
+
+  return { orcaJsonSync, orcaJsonAsync, runReconnectRefreshStorm, runRestartProxy }
+}
diff --git a/config/scripts/live-remote-freeze-rpc.test.mjs b/config/scripts/live-remote-freeze-rpc.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e68bd09df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/scripts/live-remote-freeze-rpc.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import {
+  appendOrcaRpcOutput,
+  resolveOrcaCliCommand,
+  resolveOrcaCliInvocation
+} from './live-remote-freeze-rpc.mjs'
+
+describe('live remote freeze RPC', () => {
+  it('resolves the Orca CLI for managed, dev, Linux, and default runtimes', () => {
+    expect(resolveOrcaCliCommand({ env: { ORCA_CLI_COMMAND: 'custom-orca' } })).toBe('custom-orca')
+    expect(resolveOrcaCliCommand({ env: { ORCA_DEV_REPO_ROOT: '/repo' } })).toBe('orca-dev')
+    expect(resolveOrcaCliCommand({ env: {}, platform: 'linux' })).toBe('orca-ide')
+    expect(resolveOrcaCliCommand({ env: {}, platform: 'win32' })).toBe('orca')
+  })
+
+  it('bypasses the Windows dev cmd shim with the built Node CLI', () => {
+    const invocation = resolveOrcaCliInvocation({
+      env: {
+        APPDATA: 'C:\\Users\\dev\\AppData\\Roaming',
+        ORCA_CLI_COMMAND: 'C:\\repo\\out\\bin\\orca-dev.cmd',
+        ORCA_DEV_REPO_ROOT: 'C:\\repo'
+      },
+      platform: 'win32',
+      nodeExecutable: 'C:\\Program Files\\nodejs\\node.exe'
+    })
+
+    expect(invocation).toMatchObject({
+      command: 'C:\\Program Files\\nodejs\\node.exe',
+      prefixArgs: ['C:\\repo\\out\\cli\\index.js'],
+      env: {
+        ORCA_USER_DATA_PATH: 'C:\\Users\\dev\\AppData\\Roaming\\orca-dev',
+        ORCA_DEV_CLI_INVOCATION: '1',
+        ORCA_APP_EXECUTABLE: 'C:\\repo\\node_modules\\electron\\dist\\electron.exe',
+        ORCA_APP_EXECUTABLE_NEEDS_APP_ROOT: '1'
+      }
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('caps combined asynchronous output before retaining the overflow chunk', () => {
+    const first = appendOrcaRpcOutput('', '1234', 0, 5)
+    expect(first).toEqual({ output: '1234', bytes: 4, exceeded: false })
+
+    const overflow = appendOrcaRpcOutput(first.output, '67', first.bytes, 5)
+    expect(overflow).toEqual({ output: '1234', bytes: 6, exceeded: true })
+  })
+})
diff --git a/config/scripts/live-remote-realistic-freeze-repro.mjs b/config/scripts/live-remote-realistic-freeze-repro.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..40820f48a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/scripts/live-remote-realistic-freeze-repro.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,645 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+/**
+ * Naturalistic freeze repro — idle/reconnect recovery stories on large remotes.
+ *
+ * Unlike the bulk parallel-switch amplifier, this models:
+ *   1) agents streaming on remote while user is idle (backlog builds)
+ *   2) user returns and opens sessions one-by-one (or after reconnect refresh)
+ *
+ * Scenarios:
+ *   idle-backlog-open            — idle with flood, then human-paced sequential open
+ *   idle-backlog-reconnect-open  — same + wake-like metadata refresh storm, then open
+ *   restart-proxy                — idle, then orca open + status/list storm + open
+ *                                  (does NOT kill the desktop; proxies restore work)
+ *
+ * Usage:
+ *   ORCA_FREEZE_ENV=paired-remote ORCA_FREEZE_SCENARIO=idle-backlog-open \
+ *     node config/scripts/live-remote-realistic-freeze-repro.mjs
+ *
+ *   pnpm run repro:live-remote-realistic-freeze
+ */
+import { spawnSync } from 'node:child_process'
+import { copyFileSync, mkdirSync, writeFileSync } from 'node:fs'
+import path from 'node:path'
+import { createOrcaRpc } from './live-remote-freeze-rpc.mjs'
+import { startStatusWatchdog } from './live-remote-status-watchdog.mjs'
+import { BoundedLiveFreezeHistory } from './live-freeze-bounded-history.mjs'
+import {
+  DEFAULT_FOREVER_WINDOW_MS,
+  DEFAULT_HARD_MS,
+  DEFAULT_SOFT_MS,
+  DEFAULT_STATUS_SLOW_MS,
+  evaluateFullAppFreeze,
+  evaluatePermanentLockup,
+  evaluateRealisticFreezeSignals,
+  extractTerminalHandle,
+  humanPaceDelayMs,
+  readFreezeNumberEnv,
+  REALISTIC_SCENARIOS,
+  worktreeSelector
+} from './live-remote-bulk-open-freeze-metrics.mjs'
+
+const root = path.resolve(import.meta.dirname, '../..')
+const reportDir = path.join(root, 'test-results', 'freeze-repro')
+const envName = process.env.ORCA_FREEZE_ENV || 'paired-remote'
+const scenario = process.env.ORCA_FREEZE_SCENARIO || 'idle-backlog-open'
+const createCount = Math.max(0, readFreezeNumberEnv('ORCA_FREEZE_CREATE', 0))
+const openCount = Math.max(2, readFreezeNumberEnv('ORCA_FREEZE_OPEN_COUNT', 20))
+const idleMs = Math.max(0, readFreezeNumberEnv('ORCA_FREEZE_IDLE_MS', 45_000))
+const paceMs = Math.max(0, readFreezeNumberEnv('ORCA_FREEZE_PACE_MS', 250))
+const paceJitterMs = Math.max(0, readFreezeNumberEnv('ORCA_FREEZE_PACE_JITTER_MS', 150))
+const createWorktreeSpan = Math.max(1, readFreezeNumberEnv('ORCA_FREEZE_CREATE_WT_SPAN', 12))
+const softMs = readFreezeNumberEnv('ORCA_FREEZE_SOFT_MS', DEFAULT_SOFT_MS)
+const hardMs = readFreezeNumberEnv('ORCA_FREEZE_HARD_MS', DEFAULT_HARD_MS)
+/** Concurrent opens during lockup-storm (wake refresh overlaps fan-out). */
+const stormParallel = Math.max(1, readFreezeNumberEnv('ORCA_FREEZE_STORM_PARALLEL', 16))
+/** Kill a switch if it exceeds this — counts toward permanent lockup. */
+const opTimeoutMs = Math.max(10_000, readFreezeNumberEnv('ORCA_FREEZE_OP_TIMEOUT_MS', 60_000))
+const permanentTimeoutMs = Math.max(15_000, readFreezeNumberEnv('ORCA_FREEZE_PERMANENT_MS', 60_000))
+const foreverWindowMs = Math.max(
+  10_000,
+  readFreezeNumberEnv('ORCA_FREEZE_FOREVER_WINDOW_MS', DEFAULT_FOREVER_WINDOW_MS)
+)
+const statusSlowMs = Math.max(
+  5_000,
+  readFreezeNumberEnv('ORCA_FREEZE_STATUS_SLOW_MS', DEFAULT_STATUS_SLOW_MS)
+)
+const watchdogIntervalMs = Math.max(
+  500,
+  readFreezeNumberEnv('ORCA_FREEZE_WATCHDOG_INTERVAL_MS', 1500)
+)
+const scratchDir = process.env.ORCA_FREEZE_SCRATCH || ''
+
+function sleep(ms) {
+  return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms))
+}
+
+const rpc = createOrcaRpc({ envName })
+const { orcaJsonSync, orcaJsonAsync, runReconnectRefreshStorm, runRestartProxy } = rpc
+
+async function mapPool(items, concurrency, worker) {
+  const results = Array.from({ length: items.length })
+  let next = 0
+  async function run() {
+    while (next < items.length) {
+      const index = next
+      next += 1
+      results[index] = await worker(items[index], index)
+    }
+  }
+  await Promise.all(
+    Array.from({ length: Math.min(concurrency, Math.max(items.length, 1)) }, () => run())
+  )
+  return results
+}
+
+function floodCommand(marker) {
+  const script =
+    "const m=process.argv[1];process.stdout.write('READY:'+m+'\n');let f=0;const c='A'.repeat(2048);setInterval(()=>{f++;process.stdout.write('BG:'+m+':'+f+':'+c+'\n')},8);process.stdin.resume()"
+  return `node -e ${JSON.stringify(script)} ${JSON.stringify(marker)}`
+}
+
+function sampleOrcaIfPossible() {
+  if (process.platform !== 'darwin') {
+    return null
+  }
+  try {
+    const status = orcaJsonSync(['status'], { local: true }).result
+    const pid = status?.app?.pid
+    if (!pid) {
+      return null
+    }
+    const out = path.join(reportDir, `orca-sample-realistic-${Date.now()}.txt`)
+    const sampled = spawnSync('sample', [String(pid), '5', '-file', out], {
+      timeout: 20_000,
+      stdio: 'ignore'
+    })
+    return sampled.status === 0 ? out : null
+  } catch {
+    return null
+  }
+}
+
+function listLiveTerminalHandles() {
+  const listed = orcaJsonSync(['terminal', 'list'])
+  const terms = listed.result?.terminals || []
+  return terms
+    .filter((t) => typeof t.handle === 'string' && t.handle.startsWith('term_'))
+    .map((t) => ({
+      handle: t.handle,
+      title: t.title,
+      worktreeId: t.worktreeId,
+      connected: t.connected
+    }))
+}
+
+async function main() {
+  if (!REALISTIC_SCENARIOS.includes(scenario)) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Unknown ORCA_FREEZE_SCENARIO=${scenario}. Expected one of: ${REALISTIC_SCENARIOS.join(', ')}`
+    )
+  }
+
+  mkdirSync(reportDir, { recursive: true })
+  const notes = []
+  const phases = []
+  const openTimings = new BoundedLiveFreezeHistory(100)
+
+  console.log(
+    `[realistic-freeze] scenario=${scenario} env=${envName} create=${createCount} idleMs=${idleMs} openCount=${openCount} paceMs=${paceMs}`
+  )
+
+  const local = orcaJsonSync(['status'], { local: true })
+  const remote = orcaJsonSync(['status'])
+  notes.push(
+    `local version=${local.result?.runtime?.appVersion} pid=${local.result?.app?.pid}`,
+    `remote version=${remote.result?.runtime?.appVersion} state=${remote.result?.runtime?.state}`
+  )
+
+  const worktrees = orcaJsonSync(['worktree', 'list']).result
+  const wtList = worktrees?.worktrees || worktrees?.items || worktrees || []
+  if (!Array.isArray(wtList) || wtList.length === 0) {
+    throw new Error(`No worktrees on environment ${envName}`)
+  }
+  notes.push(`remote worktrees=${wtList.length}`)
+  phases.push({ phase: 'baseline', worktrees: wtList.length })
+
+  // --- Phase: seed flood terminals (agent-like backlog sources) ---
+  const created = []
+  if (createCount > 0) {
+    const targets = wtList.slice(0, Math.min(createWorktreeSpan, wtList.length))
+    await mapPool(
+      Array.from({ length: createCount }, (_, i) => i),
+      Math.min(4, createCount),
+      async (i) => {
+        const wt = targets[i % targets.length]
+        const selector = worktreeSelector(wt)
+        if (!selector) {
+          return
+        }
+        const marker = `REALISTIC_${Date.now()}_${i}`
+        try {
+          const createdTerm = await orcaJsonAsync(
+            [
+              'terminal',
+              'create',
+              '--worktree',
+              selector,
+              '--title',
+              `realistic-freeze-${i}`,
+              '--command',
+              floodCommand(marker)
+            ],
+            { timeoutMs: 180_000 }
+          )
+          const handle = extractTerminalHandle(createdTerm.result)
+          if (handle) {
+            created.push({ handle, marker, worktree: selector })
+            console.log(
+              `[realistic-freeze] flood terminal ${handle} (${createdTerm.elapsedMs.toFixed(0)}ms)`
+            )
+          } else {
+            notes.push(
+              `create ${i} missing handle: ${JSON.stringify(createdTerm.result).slice(0, 300)}`
+            )
+          }
+        } catch (error) {
+          notes.push(`create ${i} failed: ${String(error).slice(0, 250)}`)
+          console.warn(`[realistic-freeze] create failed: ${String(error)}`)
+        }
+      }
+    )
+    phases.push({ phase: 'seed-flood', created: created.length })
+  }
+
+  // Prefer created floods for open pass; fill with existing live terminals.
+  let live = []
+  try {
+    live = listLiveTerminalHandles()
+    notes.push(`live terminals listed=${live.length}`)
+  } catch (error) {
+    notes.push(`terminal list failed: ${String(error).slice(0, 200)}`)
+  }
+
+  const openTargets = [...created.map((c) => c.handle), ...live.map((t) => t.handle)].filter(
+    (v, i, a) => typeof v === 'string' && a.indexOf(v) === i
+  )
+
+  if (openTargets.length < 2) {
+    throw new Error(`Need ≥2 terminals; got ${openTargets.length}. ${notes.join('; ')}`)
+  }
+
+  const openList = openTargets.slice(0, Math.min(openCount, openTargets.length))
+
+  // --- Phase: park — leave one session focused, rest accumulate flood while "away" ---
+  try {
+    const parkHandle = openList[0]
+    const parked = await orcaJsonAsync(['terminal', 'switch', '--terminal', parkHandle], {
+      timeoutMs: 60_000
+    })
+    notes.push(`park switch ms=${parked.elapsedMs.toFixed(0)} handle=${parkHandle}`)
+  } catch (error) {
+    notes.push(`park switch failed: ${String(error).slice(0, 200)}`)
+  }
+
+  console.log(`[realistic-freeze] idle ${idleMs}ms while remotes stream (user away / asleep)`)
+  const idleStarted = performance.now()
+  await sleep(idleMs)
+  phases.push({ phase: 'idle', idleMs, actualMs: performance.now() - idleStarted })
+
+  // --- Phase: recovery trigger ---
+  let reconnectRefreshMs = 0
+  let timedOutOps = 0
+  let consecutiveSwitchFailures = 0
+  let maxConsecutiveSwitchFailures = 0
+
+  if (scenario === 'idle-backlog-reconnect-open' || scenario === 'lockup-storm') {
+    console.log(
+      '[realistic-freeze] wake/reconnect proxy: parallel status/worktree/terminal refresh'
+    )
+    const storm = await runReconnectRefreshStorm(notes)
+    reconnectRefreshMs = Math.max(storm.wallMs, storm.maxJobMs)
+    phases.push({
+      phase: 'reconnect-refresh',
+      wallMs: storm.wallMs,
+      maxJobMs: storm.maxJobMs
+    })
+  } else if (scenario === 'restart-proxy') {
+    console.log('[realistic-freeze] restart proxy: orca open + refresh storm (no process kill)')
+    const restart = await runRestartProxy(notes)
+    reconnectRefreshMs = Math.max(restart.wallMs, restart.storm.wallMs, restart.storm.maxJobMs)
+    phases.push({
+      phase: 'restart-proxy',
+      wallMs: restart.wallMs,
+      reconnectWallMs: restart.storm.wallMs
+    })
+  }
+
+  // --- Phase: open sessions ---
+  // lockup-storm: overlap a second reconnect storm with concurrent switch fan-out
+  // (models wake + bulk session restore, not human serial clicks).
+  let maxOpenMs = 0
+  let firstOpenMs = 0
+  let sumOpenMs = 0
+  let openOk = 0
+  let maxBatchWallMs = 0
+  const openStarted = performance.now()
+
+  let statusWatch = null
+  if (scenario === 'lockup-storm') {
+    console.log(
+      `[realistic-freeze] LOCKUP STORM: concurrent open parallel=${stormParallel} + overlapping reconnect refresh (timeout=${opTimeoutMs}ms); mid-storm status watchdog every ${watchdogIntervalMs}ms`
+    )
+    statusWatch = startStatusWatchdog({
+      intervalMs: watchdogIntervalMs,
+      timeoutMs: Math.min(permanentTimeoutMs, foreverWindowMs),
+      statusSlowMs
+    })
+    // Fire reconnect storm again concurrently with first open wave.
+    const overlapStormPromise = runReconnectRefreshStorm(notes)
+    for (let offset = 0; offset < openList.length; offset += stormParallel) {
+      const batch = openList.slice(offset, offset + stormParallel)
+      const batchStarted = performance.now()
+      const batchResults = await Promise.all(
+        batch.map(async (handle, batchIndex) => {
+          const index = offset + batchIndex
+          try {
+            const sw = await orcaJsonAsync(['terminal', 'switch', '--terminal', handle], {
+              timeoutMs: opTimeoutMs
+            })
+            return { handle, index, ms: sw.elapsedMs, ok: true, timedOut: false }
+          } catch (error) {
+            const msg = String(error)
+            const timedOut = /timed out/i.test(msg)
+            return { handle, index, error: msg, ok: false, timedOut }
+          }
+        })
+      )
+      const batchWall = performance.now() - batchStarted
+      maxBatchWallMs = Math.max(maxBatchWallMs, batchWall)
+      for (const item of batchResults) {
+        if (item.ok) {
+          openOk += 1
+          sumOpenMs += item.ms
+          maxOpenMs = Math.max(maxOpenMs, item.ms)
+          if (item.index === 0 || firstOpenMs === 0) {
+            firstOpenMs = item.ms
+          }
+          consecutiveSwitchFailures = 0
+          openTimings.add({
+            handle: item.handle,
+            ms: item.ms,
+            index: item.index,
+            batchWall
+          })
+          if (item.ms >= hardMs) {
+            console.warn(
+              `[realistic-freeze] HARD open #${item.index} ${item.handle}: ${item.ms.toFixed(0)}ms`
+            )
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (item.timedOut) {
+            timedOutOps += 1
+          }
+          consecutiveSwitchFailures += 1
+          maxConsecutiveSwitchFailures = Math.max(
+            maxConsecutiveSwitchFailures,
+            consecutiveSwitchFailures
+          )
+          openTimings.add({
+            handle: item.handle,
+            error: item.error,
+            index: item.index,
+            timedOut: item.timedOut
+          })
+          notes.push(
+            `open ${item.handle} failed${item.timedOut ? ' (TIMEOUT)' : ''}: ${String(item.error).slice(0, 160)}`
+          )
+          console.warn(
+            `[realistic-freeze] open FAIL #${item.index}${item.timedOut ? ' TIMEOUT' : ''}: ${item.handle}`
+          )
+        }
+      }
+      if (batchWall >= hardMs) {
+        console.warn(
+          `[realistic-freeze] HARD batch wall=${batchWall.toFixed(0)}ms size=${batch.length}`
+        )
+      }
+    }
+    try {
+      const overlap = await overlapStormPromise
+      reconnectRefreshMs = Math.max(reconnectRefreshMs, overlap.wallMs, overlap.maxJobMs)
+      phases.push({
+        phase: 'overlap-reconnect-refresh',
+        wallMs: overlap.wallMs,
+        maxJobMs: overlap.maxJobMs
+      })
+    } catch (error) {
+      notes.push(`overlap reconnect failed: ${String(error).slice(0, 200)}`)
+    }
+    phases.push({
+      phase: 'lockup-storm-open',
+      count: openList.length,
+      ok: openOk,
+      maxOpenMs,
+      firstOpenMs,
+      maxBatchWallMs,
+      timedOutOps,
+      parallel: stormParallel
+    })
+  } else {
+    console.log(
+      `[realistic-freeze] human-paced open of ${openList.length} sessions (pace≈${paceMs}ms + jitter)`
+    )
+    for (let i = 0; i < openList.length; i += 1) {
+      const handle = openList[i]
+      try {
+        const sw = await orcaJsonAsync(['terminal', 'switch', '--terminal', handle], {
+          timeoutMs: opTimeoutMs
+        })
+        openOk += 1
+        sumOpenMs += sw.elapsedMs
+        maxOpenMs = Math.max(maxOpenMs, sw.elapsedMs)
+        if (i === 0) {
+          firstOpenMs = sw.elapsedMs
+        }
+        consecutiveSwitchFailures = 0
+        openTimings.add({ handle, ms: sw.elapsedMs, index: i })
+        if (sw.elapsedMs >= softMs) {
+          console.warn(`[realistic-freeze] SOFT open #${i} ${handle}: ${sw.elapsedMs.toFixed(0)}ms`)
+        }
+        if (sw.elapsedMs >= hardMs) {
+          console.warn(`[realistic-freeze] HARD open #${i} ${handle}: ${sw.elapsedMs.toFixed(0)}ms`)
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        const msg = String(error)
+        const timedOut = /timed out/i.test(msg)
+        if (timedOut) {
+          timedOutOps += 1
+        }
+        consecutiveSwitchFailures += 1
+        maxConsecutiveSwitchFailures = Math.max(
+          maxConsecutiveSwitchFailures,
+          consecutiveSwitchFailures
+        )
+        openTimings.add({ handle, error: msg, index: i, timedOut })
+        notes.push(`open ${handle} failed${timedOut ? ' (TIMEOUT)' : ''}: ${msg.slice(0, 200)}`)
+      }
+      if (i < openList.length - 1) {
+        await sleep(humanPaceDelayMs(paceMs, paceJitterMs))
+      }
+    }
+    phases.push({
+      phase: 'human-paced-open',
+      count: openList.length,
+      ok: openOk,
+      maxOpenMs,
+      firstOpenMs,
+      openWallMs: performance.now() - openStarted
+    })
+  }
+
+  const openWallMs = performance.now() - openStarted
+
+  let midStormWatch = {
+    samples: [],
+    durationMs: 0,
+    sampleCount: 0,
+    maxStatusMs: 0,
+    unhealthySampleCount: 0,
+    infrastructureErrorCount: 0,
+    longestUnhealthyWindowMs: 0
+  }
+  if (statusWatch) {
+    midStormWatch = await statusWatch.stop()
+    notes.push(
+      `mid-storm status samples=${midStormWatch.sampleCount} durationMs=${midStormWatch.durationMs.toFixed(0)}`
+    )
+    phases.push({
+      phase: 'mid-storm-status-watchdog',
+      samples: midStormWatch.sampleCount,
+      durationMs: midStormWatch.durationMs,
+      maxStatusMs: midStormWatch.maxStatusMs
+    })
+  }
+
+  // Post-storm health: does local status still answer?
+  let statusProbeMs = null
+  let statusHangMs = 0
+  const statusStarted = performance.now()
+  try {
+    const statusProbe = await orcaJsonAsync(['status'], {
+      local: true,
+      timeoutMs: permanentTimeoutMs
+    })
+    statusProbeMs = statusProbe.elapsedMs
+  } catch (error) {
+    statusHangMs = performance.now() - statusStarted
+    notes.push(
+      `status probe FAILED after ${statusHangMs.toFixed(0)}ms: ${String(error).slice(0, 200)}`
+    )
+    console.error(`[realistic-freeze] status probe failed — possible permanent lockup`)
+  }
+
+  let memoryProbeMs = null
+  try {
+    const mem = await orcaJsonAsync(['diagnostics', 'memory'], {
+      local: true,
+      timeoutMs: permanentTimeoutMs
+    })
+    memoryProbeMs = mem.elapsedMs
+    notes.push(`memory diagnostic ms=${mem.elapsedMs.toFixed(0)}`)
+  } catch (error) {
+    notes.push(`memory diagnostic failed: ${String(error).slice(0, 200)}`)
+  }
+
+  const peakForSignals = Math.max(maxOpenMs, firstOpenMs, maxBatchWallMs)
+  const signals = evaluateRealisticFreezeSignals({
+    maxOpenMs: peakForSignals,
+    firstOpenMs,
+    reconnectRefreshMs,
+    statusProbeMs: statusProbeMs ?? 0,
+    memoryProbeMs,
+    softMs,
+    hardMs
+  })
+
+  const lockup = evaluatePermanentLockup({
+    timedOutOps,
+    statusHangMs,
+    consecutiveSwitchFailures: maxConsecutiveSwitchFailures,
+    openFailed: openList.length - openOk,
+    openTotal: openList.length,
+    permanentTimeoutMs
+  })
+
+  const fullApp = evaluateFullAppFreeze({
+    statusSamples: midStormWatch.samples,
+    statusSummary: midStormWatch,
+    foreverWindowMs,
+    statusSlowMs
+  })
+  const watchdogInfrastructureErrorCount = midStormWatch.infrastructureErrorCount
+  if (statusHangMs >= foreverWindowMs) {
+    fullApp.foreverUiLockupObserved = true
+    fullApp.longestUnhealthyWindowMs = Math.max(fullApp.longestUnhealthyWindowMs, statusHangMs)
+    fullApp.reason = `post-storm status hang ${statusHangMs.toFixed(0)}ms`
+  }
+
+  const recoveredHardStall = signals.hardFreeze && !fullApp.foreverUiLockupObserved && openOk > 0
+
+  let samplePath = null
+  if (signals.softFreeze || signals.hardFreeze || fullApp.foreverUiLockupObserved) {
+    samplePath = sampleOrcaIfPossible()
+    if (samplePath) {
+      notes.push(`sample=${samplePath}`)
+    } else {
+      notes.push('sample unavailable')
+    }
+  }
+
+  const storyByScenario = {
+    'idle-backlog-open': 'User away while remotes stream; returns and opens sessions one-by-one.',
+    'idle-backlog-reconnect-open':
+      'User away; wake-like reconnect metadata storm; then opens sessions.',
+    'restart-proxy': 'User away; restart-proxy discovery; then opens sessions.',
+    'lockup-storm':
+      'Idle flood + reconnect refresh + concurrent open + mid-storm status watchdog (full-app freeze bar).'
+  }
+
+  const report = {
+    topology: 'live-paired-remote-realistic',
+    scenario,
+    story: storyByScenario[scenario] || scenario,
+    environment: envName,
+    localVersion: local.result?.runtime?.appVersion,
+    remoteVersion: remote.result?.runtime?.appVersion,
+    remoteWorktreeCount: wtList.length,
+    createdFloodTerminals: created.length,
+    openTargets: openList.length,
+    idleMs,
+    paceMs,
+    paceJitterMs,
+    stormParallel: scenario === 'lockup-storm' ? stormParallel : 1,
+    firstOpenMs,
+    maxOpenMs,
+    maxBatchWallMs,
+    avgOpenMs: openOk ? sumOpenMs / openOk : 0,
+    openWallMs,
+    openOk,
+    openFailed: openList.length - openOk,
+    reconnectRefreshMs,
+    peakLatencyMs: Math.max(signals.peakLatencyMs, maxBatchWallMs),
+    statusProbeMs,
+    statusHangMs,
+    memoryProbeMs,
+    softFreeze: signals.softFreeze,
+    hardFreeze: signals.hardFreeze,
+    recoveredHardStall,
+    permanentLockup: lockup.permanentLockup,
+    foreverUiLockupObserved: fullApp.foreverUiLockupObserved,
+    foreverFreeze: fullApp,
+    midStormStatusSamples: midStormWatch.samples,
+    midStormStatusSampleCount: midStormWatch.sampleCount,
+    watchdogInfrastructureErrorCount,
+    timedOutOps,
+    maxConsecutiveSwitchFailures,
+    softMs,
+    hardMs,
+    foreverWindowMs,
+    statusSlowMs,
+    permanentTimeoutMs,
+    opTimeoutMs,
+    phases,
+    notes,
+    openTimingCount: openTimings.totalCount,
+    openTimings: openTimings.values()
+  }
+
+  const outPath = path.join(reportDir, `live-realistic-freeze-${envName}-${scenario}.json`)
+  const stamped = path.join(
+    reportDir,
+    `live-realistic-freeze-${envName}-${scenario}-peak-${Date.now()}.json`
+  )
+  writeFileSync(outPath, `${JSON.stringify(report, null, 2)}\n`)
+  writeFileSync(stamped, `${JSON.stringify(report, null, 2)}\n`)
+  console.log(`[realistic-freeze] report ${outPath}`)
+  console.log(JSON.stringify(report, null, 2))
+
+  if (scratchDir) {
+    try {
+      mkdirSync(scratchDir, { recursive: true })
+      copyFileSync(outPath, path.join(scratchDir, 'live-realistic-freeze-report.json'))
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.warn(`[realistic-freeze] scratch copy failed: ${String(error)}`)
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (watchdogInfrastructureErrorCount > 0) {
+    process.exitCode = 3
+    console.error('[realistic-freeze] WATCHDOG INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURE')
+  } else if (fullApp.foreverUiLockupObserved) {
+    process.exitCode = 5
+    console.error('[realistic-freeze] FULL-APP FOREVER FREEZE (status unhealthy ≥ forever window)')
+  } else if (lockup.permanentLockup) {
+    process.exitCode = 4
+    console.error(
+      '[realistic-freeze] PERMANENT LOCKUP HEURISTIC (timeouts/fail-rate) — check foreverUiLockupObserved'
+    )
+  } else if (signals.hardFreeze) {
+    process.exitCode = 2
+    console.error(
+      '[realistic-freeze] HARD FREEZE SIGNAL (recovered multi-second stall — not forever lockup)'
+    )
+  } else if (signals.softFreeze) {
+    process.exitCode = 1
+    console.error('[realistic-freeze] SOFT FREEZE SIGNAL')
+  } else {
+    console.log('[realistic-freeze] no freeze signal under thresholds')
+  }
+}
+
+main().catch((error) => {
+  console.error('[realistic-freeze] failed', error)
+  process.exit(3)
+})
diff --git a/config/scripts/live-remote-status-watchdog.mjs b/config/scripts/live-remote-status-watchdog.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e3951437
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/scripts/live-remote-status-watchdog.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+/**
+ * Mid-storm host health samples for forever-freeze detection.
+ * Polls `orca status --json` on an interval while a load storm runs.
+ */
+import { spawn } from 'node:child_process'
+import { BoundedLiveFreezeHistory } from './live-freeze-bounded-history.mjs'
+import { resolveOrcaCliInvocation } from './live-remote-freeze-rpc.mjs'
+
+/**
+ * @param {{ intervalMs?: number, timeoutMs?: number, cliCommand?: string, sampleHistoryLimit?: number, statusSlowMs?: number }} opts
+ */
+export function startStatusWatchdog(opts = {}) {
+  const intervalMs = opts.intervalMs ?? 2000
+  const timeoutMs = opts.timeoutMs ?? 30_000
+  const cliInvocation = opts.cliCommand
+    ? { command: opts.cliCommand, prefixArgs: [] }
+    : resolveOrcaCliInvocation()
+  const samples = new BoundedLiveFreezeHistory(opts.sampleHistoryLimit ?? 240)
+  const statusSlowMs = opts.statusSlowMs ?? 15_000
+  let stopped = false
+  let inFlight = false
+  let infrastructureErrorCount = 0
+  let longestUnhealthyWindowMs = 0
+  let maxStatusMs = 0
+  let runStartMs = null
+  let unhealthySampleCount = 0
+  const startedAt = performance.now()
+
+  const record = (sample) => {
+    samples.add(sample)
+    maxStatusMs = Math.max(maxStatusMs, sample.ms || 0)
+    if (sample.infrastructureError) {
+      infrastructureErrorCount += 1
+    }
+    const unhealthy =
+      !sample.infrastructureError &&
+      (Boolean(sample.hang) || sample.ok === false || (sample.ms || 0) >= statusSlowMs)
+    if (!unhealthy) {
+      runStartMs = null
+      return
+    }
+    unhealthySampleCount += 1
+    runStartMs ??= sample.tMs ?? 0
+    longestUnhealthyWindowMs = Math.max(
+      longestUnhealthyWindowMs,
+      (sample.tMs ?? 0) + (sample.ms || 0) - runStartMs
+    )
+  }
+
+  const summary = () => ({
+    sampleCount: samples.totalCount,
+    maxStatusMs,
+    unhealthySampleCount,
+    infrastructureErrorCount,
+    longestUnhealthyWindowMs
+  })
+
+  const probe = () =>
+    new Promise((resolve) => {
+      const t0 = performance.now()
+      const child = spawn(
+        cliInvocation.command,
+        [...cliInvocation.prefixArgs, 'status', '--json'],
+        {
+          env: cliInvocation.env,
+          stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe']
+        }
+      )
+      let settled = false
+      const finish = (result) => {
+        if (settled) {
+          return
+        }
+        settled = true
+        resolve(result)
+      }
+      const timer = setTimeout(() => {
+        child.kill('SIGKILL')
+        finish({
+          tMs: t0 - startedAt,
+          ms: performance.now() - t0,
+          ok: false,
+          hang: true
+        })
+      }, timeoutMs)
+      child.stdout.on('data', () => {})
+      child.stderr.on('data', () => {})
+      child.on('error', (error) => {
+        clearTimeout(timer)
+        finish({
+          tMs: t0 - startedAt,
+          ms: performance.now() - t0,
+          ok: false,
+          hang: false,
+          infrastructureError: true,
+          error: String(error)
+        })
+      })
+      child.on('close', (code) => {
+        clearTimeout(timer)
+        finish({
+          tMs: t0 - startedAt,
+          ms: performance.now() - t0,
+          ok: code === 0,
+          hang: false
+        })
+      })
+    })
+
+  const tick = async ({ force = false } = {}) => {
+    if ((!force && stopped) || inFlight) {
+      return
+    }
+    inFlight = true
+    try {
+      const sample = await probe()
+      record(sample)
+    } finally {
+      inFlight = false
+    }
+  }
+
+  const interval = setInterval(() => {
+    void tick()
+  }, intervalMs)
+  void tick()
+
+  return {
+    stop: async () => {
+      stopped = true
+      clearInterval(interval)
+      // Wait for in-flight probe, then force one final sample.
+      const deadline = performance.now() + timeoutMs + 1000
+      while (inFlight && performance.now() < deadline) {
+        await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 20))
+      }
+      await tick({ force: true })
+      return {
+        samples: samples.values(),
+        ...summary(),
+        durationMs: performance.now() - startedAt
+      }
+    },
+    getSamples: () => samples.values(),
+    getSummary: summary
+  }
+}
diff --git a/config/scripts/live-remote-status-watchdog.test.mjs b/config/scripts/live-remote-status-watchdog.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..570750aad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/scripts/live-remote-status-watchdog.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import { startStatusWatchdog } from './live-remote-status-watchdog.mjs'
+
+describe('startStatusWatchdog', () => {
+  it('collects status samples and stops cleanly', async () => {
+    // Real path: actually invokes `orca status --json` (must be available in CI/dev with Orca or fail soft).
+    const watch = startStatusWatchdog({ intervalMs: 50, timeoutMs: 5_000 })
+    await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 180))
+    const result = await watch.stop()
+    expect(result.samples.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1)
+    expect(result.durationMs).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+    for (const s of result.samples) {
+      expect(typeof s.ms).toBe('number')
+      expect(typeof s.ok).toBe('boolean')
+      expect(typeof s.hang).toBe('boolean')
+    }
+  })
+
+  it('marks CLI spawn failures as infrastructure errors', async () => {
+    const watch = startStatusWatchdog({
+      intervalMs: 50,
+      timeoutMs: 1000,
+      cliCommand: 'orca-freeze-watchdog-missing-command'
+    })
+    const result = await watch.stop()
+
+    expect(result.samples.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1)
+    expect(result.samples.every((sample) => sample.infrastructureError === true)).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.samples.every((sample) => sample.hang === false)).toBe(true)
+  })
+
+  it('bounds retained samples while preserving full-run counters', async () => {
+    const watch = startStatusWatchdog({
+      intervalMs: 50,
+      timeoutMs: 1000,
+      cliCommand: 'orca-freeze-watchdog-missing-command',
+      sampleHistoryLimit: 1
+    })
+    const result = await watch.stop()
+
+    expect(result.samples).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(result.sampleCount).toBeGreaterThan(result.samples.length)
+    expect(result.infrastructureErrorCount).toBe(result.sampleCount)
+    expect(result.maxStatusMs).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/config/scripts/run-ssh-docker-bulk-open-freeze-e2e.mjs b/config/scripts/run-ssh-docker-bulk-open-freeze-e2e.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..36fbbf915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/scripts/run-ssh-docker-bulk-open-freeze-e2e.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import { spawnSync } from 'node:child_process'
+
+const extraArgs = process.argv.slice(2)
+const pnpmEntry = process.env.npm_execpath
+if (!pnpmEntry) {
+  throw new Error('npm_execpath is required; run this harness through pnpm')
+}
+const env = {
+  ...process.env,
+  ORCA_E2E_SSH_DOCKER: '1'
+}
+
+const runtime = spawnSync(process.execPath, [pnpmEntry, 'run', 'ensure:electron-runtime'], {
+  stdio: 'inherit',
+  env
+})
+
+if (runtime.status !== 0) {
+  process.exit(runtime.status ?? 1)
+}
+
+const result = spawnSync(
+  process.execPath,
+  [
+    pnpmEntry,
+    'exec',
+    'playwright',
+    'test',
+    'tests/e2e/ssh-docker-bulk-open-freeze-repro.spec.ts',
+    '--config',
+    'tests/playwright.config.ts',
+    '--project',
+    'electron-headless',
+    '--workers=1',
+    ...extraArgs
+  ],
+  {
+    stdio: 'inherit',
+    env
+  }
+)
+
+process.exit(result.status ?? 1)
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 16bf76e37..21a74b4f8 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -116,7 +116,11 @@
     "bench:multi-workspace-typing": "pnpm run ensure:electron-runtime && node config/scripts/run-multi-workspace-typing-bench.mjs",
     "bench:cold-park-reveal": "pnpm run ensure:electron-runtime && node tests/tools/benchmarks/terminal-cold-park-reveal-bench.mjs",
     "bench:cold-park-resource": "pnpm run ensure:electron-runtime && node tests/tools/benchmarks/terminal-cold-park-resource-bench.mjs",
-    "bench:compare": "node config/scripts/compare-benchmark-artifacts.mjs"
+    "bench:compare": "node config/scripts/compare-benchmark-artifacts.mjs",
+    "test:e2e:remote-bulk-open-freeze": "pnpm run ensure:electron-runtime && pnpm exec playwright test tests/e2e/remote-session-bulk-open-freeze-repro.spec.ts --config tests/playwright.config.ts --project electron-headless --workers=1",
+    "test:e2e:ssh-docker-bulk-open-freeze": "node config/scripts/run-ssh-docker-bulk-open-freeze-e2e.mjs",
+    "repro:live-remote-bulk-open-freeze": "node config/scripts/live-remote-bulk-open-freeze-repro.mjs",
+    "repro:live-remote-realistic-freeze": "node config/scripts/live-remote-realistic-freeze-repro.mjs"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@electron-toolkit/preload": "^3.0.2",
diff --git a/src/cli/terminal-format.test.ts b/src/cli/terminal-format.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..014f63398
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/cli/terminal-format.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import { formatTerminalFocus } from './terminal-format'
+
+describe('formatTerminalFocus', () => {
+  it('distinguishes superseded navigation from a winning focus', () => {
+    expect(
+      formatTerminalFocus({
+        focus: {
+          handle: 'term_stale',
+          tabId: 'tab-stale',
+          worktreeId: 'worktree-1',
+          navigated: false
+        }
+      })
+    ).toBe(
+      'Focus request for terminal term_stale was superseded or host navigation was skipped (tab tab-stale).'
+    )
+    expect(
+      formatTerminalFocus({
+        focus: { handle: 'term_winner', tabId: 'tab-winner', worktreeId: 'worktree-1' }
+      })
+    ).toBe('Focused terminal term_winner (tab tab-winner).')
+  })
+})
diff --git a/src/cli/terminal-format.ts b/src/cli/terminal-format.ts
index a6fbd6a95..ae126fa60 100644
--- a/src/cli/terminal-format.ts
+++ b/src/cli/terminal-format.ts
@@ -164,6 +164,9 @@ export function formatTerminalSplit(result: { split: RuntimeTerminalSplit }): st
 }
 
 export function formatTerminalFocus(result: { focus: RuntimeTerminalFocus }): string {
+  if (result.focus.navigated === false) {
+    return `Focus request for terminal ${result.focus.handle} was superseded or host navigation was skipped (tab ${result.focus.tabId}).`
+  }
   return `Focused terminal ${result.focus.handle} (tab ${result.focus.tabId}).`
 }
 
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/orca-runtime.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/orca-runtime.test.ts
index fa187429e..4eb1a6e3b 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/orca-runtime.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/orca-runtime.test.ts
@@ -15436,6 +15436,257 @@ describe('OrcaRuntimeService', () => {
     })
   })
 
+  it('coalesces concurrent focusTerminal navigations so only the latest full reveal runs', async () => {
+    // Instant reveals during createTerminal; switch to gated mock before focus storm.
+    const revealTerminalSession = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ tabId: 'tab-create' })
+    const runtime = new OrcaRuntimeService(store)
+    runtime.setPtyController({
+      spawn: vi
+        .fn()
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce({ id: 'pty-a' })
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce({ id: 'pty-b' })
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce({ id: 'pty-c' }),
+      write: () => true,
+      kill: () => true,
+      getForegroundProcess: async () => null
+    })
+    runtime.setNotifier({
+      worktreesChanged: vi.fn(),
+      reposChanged: vi.fn(),
+      activateWorktree: vi.fn(),
+      createTerminal: vi.fn(),
+      revealTerminalSession,
+      splitTerminal: vi.fn(),
+      renameTerminal: vi.fn(),
+      focusTerminal: vi.fn(),
+      closeTerminal: vi.fn(),
+      sleepWorktree: vi.fn(),
+      terminalFitOverrideChanged: vi.fn(),
+      terminalDriverChanged: vi.fn()
+    })
+    runtime.attachWindow(1)
+    runtime.syncWindowGraph(1, { tabs: [], leaves: [] })
+    const a = await runtime.createTerminal(`path:${TEST_WORKTREE_PATH}`, {
+      title: 'a',
+      presentation: 'background'
+    })
+    const b = await runtime.createTerminal(`path:${TEST_WORKTREE_PATH}`, {
+      title: 'b',
+      presentation: 'background'
+    })
+    const c = await runtime.createTerminal(`path:${TEST_WORKTREE_PATH}`, {
+      title: 'c',
+      presentation: 'background'
+    })
+
+    let releaseFirstReveal!: (value: { tabId: string }) => void
+    let firstRevealStarted = false
+    const firstRevealGate = new Promise<{ tabId: string }>((resolve) => {
+      releaseFirstReveal = resolve
+    })
+    revealTerminalSession.mockReset()
+    revealTerminalSession.mockImplementation(() => {
+      if (!firstRevealStarted) {
+        firstRevealStarted = true
+        return firstRevealGate
+      }
+      return Promise.resolve({ tabId: 'tab-latest' })
+    })
+
+    const pA = runtime.focusTerminal(a.handle)
+    await vi.waitFor(() => {
+      expect(firstRevealStarted).toBe(true)
+    })
+    const pB = runtime.focusTerminal(b.handle)
+    const pC = runtime.focusTerminal(c.handle)
+
+    // B is superseded while A is in flight — identity only, never navigated.
+    await expect(pB).resolves.toMatchObject({
+      handle: b.handle,
+      navigated: false
+    })
+    releaseFirstReveal({ tabId: 'tab-a' })
+    // A may still complete reveal work, but if C superseded it, navigated is false.
+    const aResult = await pA
+    expect(aResult.handle).toBe(a.handle)
+    expect(aResult.navigated).toBe(false)
+    await expect(pC).resolves.toMatchObject({
+      handle: c.handle,
+      tabId: 'tab-latest',
+      navigated: true
+    })
+
+    // B must never have started a reveal; only A and/or C.
+    const revealedPtyIds = revealTerminalSession.mock.calls.map(
+      (call) => (call[1] as { ptyId?: string }).ptyId
+    )
+    expect(revealedPtyIds).not.toContain('pty-b')
+    expect(revealedPtyIds.at(-1)).toBe('pty-c')
+  })
+
+  it('reports a queued PTY focus as not navigated when its notifier disappears', async () => {
+    const runtime = new OrcaRuntimeService(store)
+    runtime.setPtyController({
+      write: () => true,
+      kill: () => true,
+      getForegroundProcess: async () => null
+    })
+    runtime.registerPty('pty-a', TEST_WORKTREE_ID)
+    runtime.registerPty('pty-b', TEST_WORKTREE_ID)
+    const terminals = (await runtime.listTerminals()).terminals
+    const terminalA = terminals.find((terminal) => terminal.ptyId === 'pty-a')
+    const terminalB = terminals.find((terminal) => terminal.ptyId === 'pty-b')
+    expect(terminalA).toBeDefined()
+    expect(terminalB).toBeDefined()
+
+    let releaseReveal!: (value: { tabId: string }) => void
+    const revealGate = new Promise<{ tabId: string }>((resolve) => {
+      releaseReveal = resolve
+    })
+    const revealTerminalSession = vi
+      .fn()
+      .mockImplementationOnce(() => revealGate)
+      .mockResolvedValue({ tabId: 'tab-b' })
+    runtime.setNotifier({ revealTerminalSession } as never)
+
+    const first = runtime.focusTerminal(terminalA!.handle)
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(revealTerminalSession).toHaveBeenCalledOnce())
+    const queued = runtime.focusTerminal(terminalB!.handle)
+    runtime.setNotifier(null)
+    releaseReveal({ tabId: 'tab-a' })
+
+    await expect(first).resolves.toMatchObject({ handle: terminalA!.handle, navigated: false })
+    await expect(queued).resolves.toMatchObject({ handle: terminalB!.handle, navigated: false })
+    expect(revealTerminalSession).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
+  })
+
+  it('reports an in-flight PTY focus as not navigated when its notifier disappears', async () => {
+    const runtime = new OrcaRuntimeService(store)
+    runtime.setPtyController({
+      write: () => true,
+      kill: () => true,
+      getForegroundProcess: async () => null
+    })
+    runtime.registerPty('pty-a', TEST_WORKTREE_ID)
+    const terminal = (await runtime.listTerminals()).terminals.find(
+      (candidate) => candidate.ptyId === 'pty-a'
+    )
+    expect(terminal).toBeDefined()
+
+    let releaseReveal!: (value: { tabId: string }) => void
+    const revealTerminalSession = vi.fn(
+      () =>
+        new Promise<{ tabId: string }>((resolve) => {
+          releaseReveal = resolve
+        })
+    )
+    runtime.setNotifier({ revealTerminalSession } as never)
+
+    const focus = runtime.focusTerminal(terminal!.handle)
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(revealTerminalSession).toHaveBeenCalledOnce())
+    runtime.setNotifier(null)
+    releaseReveal({ tabId: 'tab-a' })
+
+    await expect(focus).resolves.toMatchObject({
+      handle: terminal!.handle,
+      tabId: 'tab-a',
+      navigated: false
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('does not invoke a stale graph-leaf focus notifier after queued PTY work', async () => {
+    const runtime = new OrcaRuntimeService(store)
+    runtime.setPtyController({
+      write: () => true,
+      kill: () => true,
+      getForegroundProcess: async () => null
+    })
+    runtime.attachWindow(1)
+    runtime.syncWindowGraph(1, {
+      tabs: [
+        {
+          tabId: 'tab-leaf',
+          worktreeId: TEST_WORKTREE_ID,
+          title: 'Starting terminal',
+          activeLeafId: HEADLESS_LEAF_ID,
+          layout: null
+        }
+      ],
+      leaves: [
+        {
+          tabId: 'tab-leaf',
+          worktreeId: TEST_WORKTREE_ID,
+          leafId: HEADLESS_LEAF_ID,
+          paneRuntimeId: 1,
+          ptyId: null
+        }
+      ]
+    })
+    const leafTerminal = (await runtime.listTerminals()).terminals.find(
+      (terminal) => terminal.tabId === 'tab-leaf'
+    )
+    runtime.registerPty('pty-a', TEST_WORKTREE_ID)
+    const ptyTerminal = (await runtime.listTerminals()).terminals.find(
+      (terminal) => terminal.ptyId === 'pty-a'
+    )
+    expect(ptyTerminal).toBeDefined()
+    expect(leafTerminal).toBeDefined()
+
+    let releaseReveal!: (value: { tabId: string }) => void
+    const revealGate = new Promise<{ tabId: string }>((resolve) => {
+      releaseReveal = resolve
+    })
+    const focusTerminal = vi.fn()
+    const revealTerminalSession = vi.fn(() => revealGate)
+    runtime.setNotifier({
+      revealTerminalSession,
+      focusTerminal
+    } as never)
+
+    const first = runtime.focusTerminal(ptyTerminal!.handle)
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(revealTerminalSession).toHaveBeenCalledOnce())
+    const queued = runtime.focusTerminal(leafTerminal!.handle)
+    runtime.setNotifier(null)
+    releaseReveal({ tabId: 'tab-a' })
+
+    await expect(first).resolves.toMatchObject({ handle: ptyTerminal!.handle, navigated: false })
+    await expect(queued).resolves.toMatchObject({ handle: leafTerminal!.handle, navigated: false })
+    expect(focusTerminal).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('reports graph-leaf focus as not navigated without a host notifier', async () => {
+    const runtime = new OrcaRuntimeService(store)
+    runtime.attachWindow(1)
+    runtime.syncWindowGraph(1, {
+      tabs: [
+        {
+          tabId: 'tab-leaf',
+          worktreeId: TEST_WORKTREE_ID,
+          title: 'Starting terminal',
+          activeLeafId: HEADLESS_LEAF_ID,
+          layout: null
+        }
+      ],
+      leaves: [
+        {
+          tabId: 'tab-leaf',
+          worktreeId: TEST_WORKTREE_ID,
+          leafId: HEADLESS_LEAF_ID,
+          paneRuntimeId: 1,
+          ptyId: null
+        }
+      ]
+    })
+    const [terminal] = (await runtime.listTerminals()).terminals
+
+    await expect(runtime.focusTerminal(terminal.handle)).resolves.toEqual({
+      handle: terminal.handle,
+      tabId: 'tab-leaf',
+      worktreeId: TEST_WORKTREE_ID,
+      navigated: false
+    })
+  })
+
   it('clears terminal scrollback through the PTY controller and headless buffer', async () => {
     const clearBuffer = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined)
     const runtime = new OrcaRuntimeService(store)
@@ -26293,7 +26544,8 @@ describe('OrcaRuntimeService', () => {
     await expect(runtime.focusTerminal(laptopTerminal.handle)).resolves.toEqual({
       handle: laptopTerminal.handle,
       tabId: 'laptop-tab',
-      worktreeId: TEST_WORKTREE_ID
+      worktreeId: TEST_WORKTREE_ID,
+      navigated: false
     })
     await expect(runtime.closeTerminal(laptopTerminal.handle)).resolves.toEqual({
       handle: laptopTerminal.handle,
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/orca-runtime.ts b/src/main/runtime/orca-runtime.ts
index ee6c31a52..d1abd0c8f 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/orca-runtime.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/orca-runtime.ts
@@ -949,6 +949,7 @@ import {
   createMobileSessionTabsNotifyCoalescer,
   type MobileSessionTabsNotifyCoalescer
 } from './mobile-session-tabs-notify-coalescer'
+import { TerminalFocusNavigationCoalescer } from './terminal-focus-navigation-coalescer'
 import { getSshFilesystemProvider } from '../providers/ssh-filesystem-dispatch'
 import {
   assertFolderWorkspacePathUsable,
@@ -2747,6 +2748,12 @@ export class OrcaRuntimeService {
     createMobileSessionTabsNotifyCoalescer((worktreeId) =>
       this.notifyMobileSessionTabsChangedNow(worktreeId)
     )
+  // Why: concurrent host terminal.focus storms (CLI switch fan-out / bulk open)
+  // each await a full host reveal; only one terminal can be focused, so latest-wins
+  // single-flight bounds host work. Does not replace cheaper activation or
+  // reconnect-scan bounding for sequential soft freezes.
+  private readonly terminalFocusNavigationCoalescer =
+    new TerminalFocusNavigationCoalescer<RuntimeTerminalFocus>()
   private pendingMobileSessionPtyInventoryRefresh: Promise<Set<string> | null> | null = null
   private leaves = new Map<string, RuntimeLeafRecord>()
   // Why: PTY output is a per-keystroke hot path. Looking up affected leaves by
@@ -25873,38 +25880,158 @@ export class OrcaRuntimeService {
     handle: string,
     options: { navigateHost?: boolean } = {}
   ): Promise<RuntimeTerminalFocus> {
+    const navigateHost = options.navigateHost !== false
+    const livePtyIdentity = (): RuntimeTerminalFocus => {
+      const live = this.getLivePtyForHandle(handle)
+      if (!live?.pty.connected) {
+        throw new Error('terminal_exited')
+      }
+      return {
+        handle,
+        tabId: live.pty.tabId ?? live.record.tabId,
+        worktreeId: live.pty.worktreeId,
+        navigated: false
+      }
+    }
+    const liveLeafIdentity = (): RuntimeTerminalFocus => {
+      this.assertGraphReady()
+      const { leaf: current } = this.getLiveLeafForHandle(handle)
+      return {
+        handle,
+        tabId: current.tabId,
+        worktreeId: current.worktreeId,
+        navigated: false
+      }
+    }
+
     const pty = this.getLivePtyForHandle(handle)
     if (pty) {
       if (!pty.pty.connected) {
         throw new Error('terminal_exited')
       }
-      const parsedPaneKey = parsePaneKey(pty.pty.paneKey ?? '')
-      const revealed =
-        options.navigateHost === false
-          ? undefined
-          : await this.notifier?.revealTerminalSession?.(pty.pty.worktreeId, {
-              ptyId: pty.pty.ptyId,
-              title: getLatestPtyTitle(pty.pty),
-              ...(pty.pty.launchConfig
-                ? { launchConfig: copySleepingAgentLaunchConfig(pty.pty.launchConfig) }
-                : {}),
-              ...(pty.pty.launchToken ? { launchToken: pty.pty.launchToken } : {}),
-              ...(pty.pty.launchAgent ? { launchAgent: pty.pty.launchAgent } : {}),
-              ...(pty.pty.tabId !== null ? { tabId: pty.pty.tabId } : {}),
-              ...(parsedPaneKey ? { leafId: parsedPaneKey.leafId } : {})
-            })
-      return {
-        handle,
-        tabId: revealed?.tabId ?? pty.pty.tabId ?? pty.record.tabId,
-        worktreeId: pty.pty.worktreeId
+      if (!navigateHost || !this.notifier?.revealTerminalSession) {
+        return {
+          handle,
+          tabId: pty.pty.tabId ?? pty.record.tabId,
+          worktreeId: pty.pty.worktreeId,
+          navigated: false
+        }
       }
+      // Coalesce concurrent host navigations: only the latest full reveal claims navigated.
+      return this.terminalFocusNavigationCoalescer.run({
+        key: handle,
+        resolveSuperseded: (completed) =>
+          completed ? { ...completed, navigated: false } : livePtyIdentity(),
+        run: async (ctx) => {
+          const live = this.getLivePtyForHandle(handle)
+          if (!live?.pty.connected) {
+            throw new Error('terminal_exited')
+          }
+          if (!ctx.isCurrent()) {
+            return {
+              handle,
+              tabId: live.pty.tabId ?? live.record.tabId,
+              worktreeId: live.pty.worktreeId,
+              navigated: false
+            }
+          }
+          const notifier = this.notifier
+          if (!notifier?.revealTerminalSession) {
+            return {
+              handle,
+              tabId: live.pty.tabId ?? live.record.tabId,
+              worktreeId: live.pty.worktreeId,
+              navigated: false
+            }
+          }
+          const parsedPaneKey = parsePaneKey(live.pty.paneKey ?? '')
+          const revealed = await notifier.revealTerminalSession(live.pty.worktreeId, {
+            ptyId: live.pty.ptyId,
+            title: getLatestPtyTitle(live.pty),
+            ...(live.pty.launchConfig
+              ? { launchConfig: copySleepingAgentLaunchConfig(live.pty.launchConfig) }
+              : {}),
+            ...(live.pty.launchToken ? { launchToken: live.pty.launchToken } : {}),
+            ...(live.pty.launchAgent ? { launchAgent: live.pty.launchAgent } : {}),
+            ...(live.pty.tabId !== null ? { tabId: live.pty.tabId } : {}),
+            ...(parsedPaneKey ? { leafId: parsedPaneKey.leafId } : {})
+          })
+          if (!ctx.isCurrent() || this.notifier !== notifier) {
+            return {
+              handle,
+              tabId: revealed?.tabId ?? live.pty.tabId ?? live.record.tabId,
+              worktreeId: live.pty.worktreeId,
+              navigated: false
+            }
+          }
+          return {
+            handle,
+            tabId: revealed?.tabId ?? live.pty.tabId ?? live.record.tabId,
+            worktreeId: live.pty.worktreeId,
+            navigated: true
+          }
+        }
+      })
     }
     this.assertGraphReady()
     const { leaf } = this.getLiveLeafForHandle(handle)
-    if (options.navigateHost !== false) {
-      this.notifier?.focusTerminal(leaf.tabId, leaf.worktreeId, leaf.leafId)
+    if (!navigateHost) {
+      return {
+        handle,
+        tabId: leaf.tabId,
+        worktreeId: leaf.worktreeId,
+        navigated: false
+      }
     }
-    return { handle, tabId: leaf.tabId, worktreeId: leaf.worktreeId }
+    if (!this.notifier?.focusTerminal) {
+      return {
+        handle,
+        tabId: leaf.tabId,
+        worktreeId: leaf.worktreeId,
+        navigated: false
+      }
+    }
+    return this.terminalFocusNavigationCoalescer.run({
+      key: handle,
+      resolveSuperseded: (completed) =>
+        completed ? { ...completed, navigated: false } : liveLeafIdentity(),
+      run: async (ctx) => {
+        this.assertGraphReady()
+        const { leaf: liveLeaf } = this.getLiveLeafForHandle(handle)
+        if (!ctx.isCurrent()) {
+          return {
+            handle,
+            tabId: liveLeaf.tabId,
+            worktreeId: liveLeaf.worktreeId,
+            navigated: false
+          }
+        }
+        const notifier = this.notifier
+        if (!notifier?.focusTerminal) {
+          return {
+            handle,
+            tabId: liveLeaf.tabId,
+            worktreeId: liveLeaf.worktreeId,
+            navigated: false
+          }
+        }
+        notifier.focusTerminal(liveLeaf.tabId, liveLeaf.worktreeId, liveLeaf.leafId)
+        if (!ctx.isCurrent() || this.notifier !== notifier) {
+          return {
+            handle,
+            tabId: liveLeaf.tabId,
+            worktreeId: liveLeaf.worktreeId,
+            navigated: false
+          }
+        }
+        return {
+          handle,
+          tabId: liveLeaf.tabId,
+          worktreeId: liveLeaf.worktreeId,
+          navigated: true
+        }
+      }
+    })
   }
 
   async closeTerminal(handle: string): Promise<RuntimeTerminalClose> {
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/terminal-focus-navigation-coalescer.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/terminal-focus-navigation-coalescer.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf3fb1aa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/runtime/terminal-focus-navigation-coalescer.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import { TerminalFocusNavigationCoalescer } from './terminal-focus-navigation-coalescer'
+
+function deferred<T>(): {
+  promise: Promise<T>
+  resolve: (value: T) => void
+  reject: (error: unknown) => void
+} {
+  let resolve!: (value: T) => void
+  let reject!: (error: unknown) => void
+  const promise = new Promise<T>((res, rej) => {
+    resolve = res
+    reject = rej
+  })
+  return { promise, resolve, reject }
+}
+
+describe('TerminalFocusNavigationCoalescer', () => {
+  it('runs a single job to completion', async () => {
+    const coalescer = new TerminalFocusNavigationCoalescer<string>()
+    const result = await coalescer.run({
+      key: 'term_a',
+      run: async () => 'full-a',
+      resolveSuperseded: () => 'superseded-a'
+    })
+    expect(result).toBe('full-a')
+    expect(coalescer.getState()).toMatchObject({
+      running: false,
+      activeKey: null,
+      pendingKey: null
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('serializes concurrent focuses and latest-wins drops intermediate pending', async () => {
+    const coalescer = new TerminalFocusNavigationCoalescer<string>()
+    const aGate = deferred<void>()
+    let aStarted = false
+
+    const runA = vi.fn(async (ctx: { isCurrent: () => boolean }) => {
+      aStarted = true
+      await aGate.promise
+      if (!ctx.isCurrent()) {
+        return 'obsolete-a'
+      }
+      return 'full-a'
+    })
+    const runB = vi.fn(async () => 'full-b')
+    const runC = vi.fn(async () => 'full-c')
+    const superB = vi.fn(() => 'super-b')
+
+    const pA = coalescer.run({
+      key: 'term_a',
+      run: runA,
+      resolveSuperseded: (completed) => completed ?? 'super-a'
+    })
+    await vi.waitFor(() => {
+      expect(aStarted).toBe(true)
+    })
+
+    const pB = coalescer.run({
+      key: 'term_b',
+      run: runB,
+      resolveSuperseded: superB
+    })
+    const pC = coalescer.run({
+      key: 'term_c',
+      run: runC,
+      resolveSuperseded: () => 'super-c'
+    })
+
+    await expect(pB).resolves.toBe('super-b')
+    expect(superB).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+    expect(runB).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+
+    aGate.resolve()
+    await expect(pA).resolves.toBe('obsolete-a')
+    await expect(pC).resolves.toBe('full-c')
+    expect(runC).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+  })
+
+  it('bounds host navigation to one full run under a parallel storm', async () => {
+    const coalescer = new TerminalFocusNavigationCoalescer<number>()
+    let inFlight = 0
+    let maxInFlight = 0
+    let fullRuns = 0
+
+    const makeJob = (key: string) =>
+      coalescer.run({
+        key,
+        run: async (ctx) => {
+          if (!ctx.isCurrent()) {
+            return -1
+          }
+          inFlight += 1
+          maxInFlight = Math.max(maxInFlight, inFlight)
+          fullRuns += 1
+          await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 5))
+          inFlight -= 1
+          if (!ctx.isCurrent()) {
+            return -1
+          }
+          return fullRuns
+        },
+        resolveSuperseded: () => -1
+      })
+
+    const results = await Promise.all(Array.from({ length: 16 }, (_, i) => makeJob(`term_${i}`)))
+
+    expect(maxInFlight).toBe(1)
+    expect(fullRuns).toBeLessThanOrEqual(2)
+    expect(fullRuns).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1)
+    expect(results.filter((r) => r === -1).length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(14)
+    expect(results.some((r) => r > 0)).toBe(true)
+  })
+
+  it('skips claiming navigation when a newer focus arrives mid-run', async () => {
+    const coalescer = new TerminalFocusNavigationCoalescer<{ id: string; navigated: boolean }>()
+    const aGate = deferred<void>()
+    let aStarted = false
+
+    const pA = coalescer.run({
+      key: 'term_a',
+      run: async (ctx) => {
+        aStarted = true
+        await aGate.promise
+        return { id: 'a', navigated: ctx.isCurrent() }
+      },
+      resolveSuperseded: () => ({ id: 'a', navigated: false })
+    })
+    await vi.waitFor(() => {
+      expect(aStarted).toBe(true)
+    })
+
+    const pB = coalescer.run({
+      key: 'term_b',
+      run: async () => ({ id: 'b', navigated: true }),
+      resolveSuperseded: () => ({ id: 'b', navigated: false })
+    })
+
+    aGate.resolve()
+    await expect(pA).resolves.toEqual({ id: 'a', navigated: false })
+    await expect(pB).resolves.toEqual({ id: 'b', navigated: true })
+  })
+
+  it('marks a synchronous run superseded when it queues a newer job before settling', async () => {
+    const coalescer = new TerminalFocusNavigationCoalescer<{
+      id: string
+      navigated: boolean
+    }>()
+    let latest!: Promise<{ id: string; navigated: boolean }>
+
+    const first = coalescer.run({
+      key: 'term_a',
+      run: async () => {
+        latest = coalescer.run({
+          key: 'term_b',
+          run: async () => ({ id: 'b', navigated: true }),
+          resolveSuperseded: () => ({ id: 'b', navigated: false })
+        })
+        return { id: 'a', navigated: true }
+      },
+      resolveSuperseded: (completed) => ({
+        id: completed?.id ?? 'a',
+        navigated: false
+      })
+    })
+
+    await expect(first).resolves.toEqual({ id: 'a', navigated: false })
+    await expect(latest).resolves.toEqual({ id: 'b', navigated: true })
+  })
+
+  it('propagates run failures without stranding the queue', async () => {
+    const coalescer = new TerminalFocusNavigationCoalescer<string>()
+    const aGate = deferred<void>()
+    let aStarted = false
+
+    const pA = coalescer.run({
+      key: 'term_a',
+      run: async () => {
+        aStarted = true
+        await aGate.promise
+        throw new Error('boom')
+      },
+      resolveSuperseded: () => 'super-a'
+    })
+    await vi.waitFor(() => {
+      expect(aStarted).toBe(true)
+    })
+
+    const pB = coalescer.run({
+      key: 'term_b',
+      run: async () => 'full-b',
+      resolveSuperseded: () => 'super-b'
+    })
+
+    aGate.resolve()
+    // A is obsolete when it fails after B enqueued — settles as superseded, not boom.
+    await expect(pA).resolves.toBe('super-a')
+    await expect(pB).resolves.toBe('full-b')
+    expect(coalescer.getState().running).toBe(false)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/terminal-focus-navigation-coalescer.ts b/src/main/runtime/terminal-focus-navigation-coalescer.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf69ef6a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/runtime/terminal-focus-navigation-coalescer.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/**
+ * Latest-wins single-flight coalescer for exclusive host terminal focus navigation.
+ *
+ * Scope: concurrent `terminal.focus` / host-nav storms (CLI switch fan-out, bulk open).
+ * Not a substitute for cheaper activation or reconnect-scan bounding.
+ *
+ * Why: only one host terminal can be focused. Intermediate navigations are waste;
+ * running them in parallel freezes large remote fleets. Pending jobs collapse to
+ * the newest; in-flight work re-checks a generation so obsolete runs do not claim
+ * a successful host navigation after a newer focus arrived.
+ */
+
+export type TerminalFocusNavigationContext = {
+  /** True while this job is still the newest focus request. */
+  isCurrent: () => boolean
+}
+
+export type TerminalFocusNavigationJob<TResult> = {
+  /** Stable key for diagnostics (usually terminal handle). */
+  key: string
+  /**
+   * Full navigation work (reveal/focus host UI).
+   * Must consult `ctx.isCurrent()` before/after expensive host work and avoid
+   * claiming navigation when false.
+   */
+  run: (ctx: TerminalFocusNavigationContext) => Promise<TResult>
+  /**
+   * Result when this job is dropped (pending superseded) or becomes obsolete
+   * mid-flight. Must not perform host navigation. Should set navigated: false.
+   */
+  resolveSuperseded: (completed?: TResult) => TResult
+}
+
+type PendingJob<TResult> = {
+  key: string
+  generation: number
+  run: (ctx: TerminalFocusNavigationContext) => Promise<TResult>
+  resolve: (value: TResult) => void
+  reject: (error: unknown) => void
+  resolveSuperseded: (completed?: TResult) => TResult
+}
+
+export class TerminalFocusNavigationCoalescer<TResult> {
+  private running = false
+  private pending: PendingJob<TResult> | null = null
+  private activeKey: string | null = null
+  private generation = 0
+
+  getState(): {
+    running: boolean
+    activeKey: string | null
+    pendingKey: string | null
+    generation: number
+  } {
+    return {
+      running: this.running,
+      activeKey: this.activeKey,
+      pendingKey: this.pending?.key ?? null,
+      generation: this.generation
+    }
+  }
+
+  run(job: TerminalFocusNavigationJob<TResult>): Promise<TResult> {
+    return new Promise<TResult>((resolve, reject) => {
+      if (this.pending) {
+        try {
+          this.pending.resolve(this.pending.resolveSuperseded())
+        } catch (error) {
+          this.pending.reject(error)
+        }
+      }
+      const generation = ++this.generation
+      this.pending = {
+        key: job.key,
+        generation,
+        run: job.run,
+        resolve,
+        reject,
+        resolveSuperseded: job.resolveSuperseded
+      }
+      void this.pump()
+    })
+  }
+
+  private async pump(): Promise<void> {
+    if (this.running) {
+      return
+    }
+    this.running = true
+    try {
+      while (this.pending) {
+        const job = this.pending
+        this.pending = null
+        this.activeKey = job.key
+        const ctx: TerminalFocusNavigationContext = {
+          isCurrent: () => job.generation === this.generation
+        }
+        try {
+          if (!ctx.isCurrent()) {
+            job.resolve(job.resolveSuperseded())
+            continue
+          }
+          const result = await job.run(ctx)
+          job.resolve(ctx.isCurrent() ? result : job.resolveSuperseded(result))
+        } catch (error) {
+          if (ctx.isCurrent()) {
+            job.reject(error)
+          } else {
+            try {
+              job.resolve(job.resolveSuperseded())
+            } catch (supersedeError) {
+              job.reject(supersedeError)
+            }
+          }
+        } finally {
+          this.activeKey = null
+        }
+      }
+    } finally {
+      this.running = false
+      if (this.pending) {
+        void this.pump()
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/shared/runtime-types.ts b/src/shared/runtime-types.ts
index c357ff63d..cbb8fa223 100644
--- a/src/shared/runtime-types.ts
+++ b/src/shared/runtime-types.ts
@@ -681,6 +681,12 @@ export type RuntimeTerminalFocus = {
   handle: string
   tabId: string
   worktreeId: string
+  /**
+   * Whether this request remained the winning applied host navigation when it settled.
+   * False also covers identity-only requests and unavailable host navigation.
+   * Optional for older clients; omit only when unknown.
+   */
+  navigated?: boolean
 }
 
 export type RuntimeTerminalClose = {
diff --git a/tests/e2e/helpers/headless-paired-runtime-host.ts b/tests/e2e/helpers/headless-paired-runtime-host.ts
index 83186e5a7..9159154b2 100644
--- a/tests/e2e/helpers/headless-paired-runtime-host.ts
+++ b/tests/e2e/helpers/headless-paired-runtime-host.ts
@@ -82,6 +82,33 @@ export function formatHeadlessPairedRuntimeStartupDiagnostics(
     .join('\n')
 }
 
+export function parseHeadlessPairedRuntimePairingOffer(
+  line: string
+): RuntimeDesktopPairingOffer | null {
+  let parsed: unknown
+  try {
+    parsed = JSON.parse(line) as unknown
+  } catch {
+    return null
+  }
+  if (parsed === null || typeof parsed !== 'object') {
+    return null
+  }
+  const readiness = parsed as ServeReady
+  const pairing = readiness.pairing
+  if (
+    readiness.type !== 'orca_server_ready' ||
+    pairing?.available !== true ||
+    typeof pairing.url !== 'string'
+  ) {
+    return null
+  }
+  return {
+    pairingUrl: pairing.url,
+    ...(typeof pairing.webClientUrl === 'string' ? { webClientUrl: pairing.webClientUrl } : {})
+  }
+}
+
 function redactPairingMaterial(value: string): string {
   return value
     .replace(PAIRING_URL_PATTERN, 'orca://[redacted]')
@@ -138,23 +165,12 @@ async function readPairingOffer(app: ElectronApplication): Promise<RuntimeDeskto
       const lines = buffered.split(/\r?\n/)
       buffered = lines.pop() ?? ''
       for (const line of lines) {
-        let readiness: ServeReady
-        try {
-          readiness = JSON.parse(line) as ServeReady
-        } catch {
-          continue
-        }
-        const pairing = readiness.pairing
-        if (
-          readiness.type !== 'orca_server_ready' ||
-          pairing?.available !== true ||
-          typeof pairing.url !== 'string' ||
-          typeof pairing.webClientUrl !== 'string'
-        ) {
+        const offer = parseHeadlessPairedRuntimePairingOffer(line)
+        if (!offer) {
           continue
         }
         cleanup()
-        resolve({ pairingUrl: pairing.url, webClientUrl: pairing.webClientUrl })
+        resolve(offer)
         return
       }
     }
diff --git a/tests/e2e/helpers/headless-paired-runtime-host.unit.test.ts b/tests/e2e/helpers/headless-paired-runtime-host.unit.test.ts
index 69e7e0a66..89ec8a1d0 100644
--- a/tests/e2e/helpers/headless-paired-runtime-host.unit.test.ts
+++ b/tests/e2e/helpers/headless-paired-runtime-host.unit.test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
 import {
   HeadlessPairedRuntimeStartupDiagnosticBuffer,
-  formatHeadlessPairedRuntimeStartupDiagnostics
+  formatHeadlessPairedRuntimeStartupDiagnostics,
+  parseHeadlessPairedRuntimePairingOffer
 } from './headless-paired-runtime-host'
 
 describe('headless paired runtime startup diagnostics', () => {
@@ -43,3 +44,41 @@ describe('headless paired runtime startup diagnostics', () => {
     expect(diagnostic.read()).toBe('safe')
   })
 })
+
+describe('headless paired runtime readiness', () => {
+  it.each(['null', 'true', '0', '"ready"', '[]'])(
+    'ignores JSON primitives and non-object readiness payloads: %s',
+    (payload) => {
+      expect(parseHeadlessPairedRuntimePairingOffer(payload)).toBeNull()
+    }
+  )
+
+  it('accepts desktop-only pairing readiness', () => {
+    expect(
+      parseHeadlessPairedRuntimePairingOffer(
+        JSON.stringify({
+          type: 'orca_server_ready',
+          pairing: { available: true, url: 'orca://pairing-secret', webClientUrl: null }
+        })
+      )
+    ).toEqual({ pairingUrl: 'orca://pairing-secret' })
+  })
+
+  it('preserves an available web-client URL', () => {
+    expect(
+      parseHeadlessPairedRuntimePairingOffer(
+        JSON.stringify({
+          type: 'orca_server_ready',
+          pairing: {
+            available: true,
+            url: 'orca://pairing-secret',
+            webClientUrl: 'https://example.test/web-index.html#pairing=secret'
+          }
+        })
+      )
+    ).toEqual({
+      pairingUrl: 'orca://pairing-secret',
+      webClientUrl: 'https://example.test/web-index.html#pairing=secret'
+    })
+  })
+})
diff --git a/tests/e2e/helpers/remote-session-bulk-open-fixture.ts b/tests/e2e/helpers/remote-session-bulk-open-fixture.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..359add80b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/helpers/remote-session-bulk-open-fixture.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import { mkdtempSync, rmSync, writeFileSync } from 'node:fs'
+import os from 'node:os'
+import path from 'node:path'
+
+function shellQuote(value: string): string {
+  return `'${value.replaceAll("'", `'\\''`)}'`
+}
+
+function fixtureCommand(fixturePath: string, marker: string): string {
+  const command = [process.execPath, fixturePath, marker]
+  return process.platform === 'win32'
+    ? command.map((value) => `"${value.replaceAll('"', '""')}"`).join(' ')
+    : command.map(shellQuote).join(' ')
+}
+
+/**
+ * Continuous remote-agent-like flood fixture for freeze repros.
+ * Many remote sessions stream while the client bulk-opens them.
+ * One-shot FLOOD is not enough — agents keep writing.
+ */
+export function createRemoteSessionBulkOpenFixture(): {
+  command: (marker: string) => string
+  dispose: () => void
+} {
+  const scratch = mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'orca-remote-bulk-open-'))
+  const fixturePath = path.join(scratch, 'remote-bulk-open-flood.mjs')
+  writeFileSync(
+    fixturePath,
+    [
+      'const marker = process.argv[2]',
+      'process.stdout.write(`READY:${marker}\\r\\n`)',
+      'process.stdin.setRawMode?.(true)',
+      "process.stdin.setEncoding('utf8')",
+      'let frame = 0',
+      'let timer = null',
+      "const chunk = 'A'.repeat(2048)",
+      'function startFlood() {',
+      '  if (timer) return',
+      '  timer = setInterval(() => {',
+      '    frame += 1',
+      '    process.stdout.write(`BG:${marker}:${frame}:${chunk}\\r\\n`)',
+      '  }, 8)',
+      '}',
+      'function stopFlood() {',
+      '  if (timer) clearInterval(timer)',
+      '  timer = null',
+      '}',
+      // Auto-start flood after ready so hidden tabs accumulate backlog.
+      'setTimeout(startFlood, 200)',
+      "process.stdin.on('data', (data) => {",
+      '  for (const command of data.split(/\\r\\n|\\r|\\n/).filter(Boolean)) {',
+      "    if (command === 'GO' || command === 'FLOOD') { startFlood(); continue }",
+      "    if (command === 'STOP') { stopFlood(); process.stdout.write(`STOPPED:${marker}\\r\\n`); continue }",
+      "    if (command === 'PING') { process.stdout.write(`PONG:${marker}:${frame}\\r\\n`); continue }",
+      '    process.stdout.write(`LIVE:${marker}:${command}\\r\\n`)',
+      '  }',
+      '})',
+      'process.stdin.resume()',
+      "process.on('SIGINT', () => { stopFlood(); process.exit(0) })"
+    ].join('\n')
+  )
+  return {
+    command: (marker) => fixtureCommand(fixturePath, marker),
+    dispose: () => rmSync(scratch, { recursive: true, force: true })
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/e2e/helpers/remote-session-bulk-open-oracle.ts b/tests/e2e/helpers/remote-session-bulk-open-oracle.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0278e9ea3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/helpers/remote-session-bulk-open-oracle.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+import { writeFileSync, mkdirSync } from 'node:fs'
+import path from 'node:path'
+import type { Page } from '@stablyai/playwright-test'
+import { toWebTerminalSurfaceTabId } from '../../../src/shared/terminal-surface-id'
+import { expect } from './orca-app'
+import { createRemoteSessionBulkOpenFixture } from './remote-session-bulk-open-fixture'
+import { startRendererLagProbe } from '../paired-runtime-retention-metrics'
+import { closeStreamingTerminals } from './streaming-terminal-cleanup'
+import { waitForActivePanePtyId } from './terminal'
+
+/** Multi-worktree load: several agent-like streaming terminals per worktree. */
+export const BULK_OPEN_WORKTREE_COUNT = 3
+export const BULK_OPEN_TABS_PER_WORKTREE = 4
+/** Soft freeze signal — UI feels stuck. */
+export const SOFT_FREEZE_LAG_MS = 2_000
+/** Hard freeze signal — matches trusted "screen fully frozen" reports. */
+export const HARD_FREEZE_LAG_MS = 5_000
+
+export type BulkOpenSession = {
+  marker: string
+  tabId: string
+  terminal: string
+  worktreeId: string
+}
+
+export type BulkOpenFreezeReport = {
+  bulkOpenMaxLagMs: number
+  hiddenFloodMaxLagMs: number
+  interactionProbeMs: number
+  hardFreeze: boolean
+  softFreeze: boolean
+  sessionCount: number
+  worktreeCount: number
+  topology: 'paired-remote-server' | 'docker-ssh'
+  versionHint: string
+  notes: string[]
+}
+
+async function callRuntime<TResult>(page: Page, method: string, params: unknown): Promise<TResult> {
+  return page.evaluate(
+    async ({ method, params }) => {
+      const response = await window.api.runtime.call({ method, params })
+      if (!response.ok) {
+        throw new Error(`${response.error.code}: ${response.error.message}`)
+      }
+      return response.result
+    },
+    { method, params }
+  ) as Promise<TResult>
+}
+
+async function measureRendererInteractionMs(page: Page): Promise<number> {
+  return page.evaluate(async () => {
+    const started = performance.now()
+    if (!window.__store) {
+      throw new Error('store unavailable for interaction probe')
+    }
+    // A blocked renderer cannot service the input task or paint the following frames.
+    await new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+      requestAnimationFrame(() => requestAnimationFrame(() => resolve()))
+    })
+    return performance.now() - started
+  })
+}
+
+export async function seedBulkOpenRemoteSessions(
+  page: Page,
+  seed: { repoId: string }
+): Promise<{ sessions: BulkOpenSession[]; dispose: () => Promise<void> }> {
+  const fixture = createRemoteSessionBulkOpenFixture()
+  const sessions: BulkOpenSession[] = []
+  const closeSessions = async (): Promise<void> => {
+    try {
+      await closeStreamingTerminals(
+        sessions.map((session) => session.terminal),
+        (method, terminal) => callRuntime(page, method, { terminal })
+      )
+    } finally {
+      fixture.dispose()
+    }
+  }
+  try {
+    for (let w = 0; w < BULK_OPEN_WORKTREE_COUNT; w += 1) {
+      const marker = `BULK_WT_${w}_T0`
+      const created = await callRuntime<{
+        startupTerminal?: { handle?: string; tabId?: string }
+        worktree: { id: string }
+      }>(page, 'worktree.create', {
+        repo: seed.repoId,
+        name: `bulk-open-wt-${w}-${Date.now()}`,
+        setupDecision: 'skip',
+        activate: false,
+        noParent: true,
+        startupCommand: fixture.command(marker)
+      })
+      if (!created.startupTerminal?.handle || !created.startupTerminal.tabId) {
+        throw new Error(`Bulk-open worktree ${w} missing startup terminal`)
+      }
+      const worktreeId = created.worktree.id
+      sessions.push({
+        marker,
+        tabId: toWebTerminalSurfaceTabId(created.startupTerminal.tabId),
+        terminal: created.startupTerminal.handle,
+        worktreeId
+      })
+
+      for (let t = 1; t < BULK_OPEN_TABS_PER_WORKTREE; t += 1) {
+        const tabMarker = `BULK_WT_${w}_T${t}`
+        const result = await callRuntime<{
+          tab: { parentTabId: string; terminal: string | null }
+        }>(page, 'session.tabs.createTerminal', {
+          worktree: `id:${worktreeId}`,
+          command: fixture.command(tabMarker),
+          activate: false,
+          select: false,
+          navigation: 'caller'
+        })
+        if (!result.tab.terminal) {
+          throw new Error(`Bulk-open terminal ${tabMarker} was not created`)
+        }
+        sessions.push({
+          marker: tabMarker,
+          tabId: toWebTerminalSurfaceTabId(result.tab.parentTabId),
+          terminal: result.tab.terminal,
+          worktreeId
+        })
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Ensure fixtures started and are streaming on the host.
+    await expect
+      .poll(
+        async () => {
+          const ready = await Promise.all(
+            sessions.map(async (session) => {
+              const result = await callRuntime<{ terminal: { tail: string[] } }>(
+                page,
+                'terminal.read',
+                { terminal: session.terminal, limit: 200 }
+              )
+              const text = result.terminal.tail.join('\n')
+              return text.includes(`BG:${session.marker}:`)
+            })
+          )
+          return ready.every(Boolean)
+        },
+        { timeout: 60_000 }
+      )
+      .toBe(true)
+
+    return {
+      sessions,
+      dispose: closeSessions
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    await closeSessions().catch((cleanupError) => {
+      throw new AggregateError(
+        [error, cleanupError],
+        'Bulk-open session seeding and cleanup failed'
+      )
+    })
+    throw error
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Repro R1 core: leave remotes streaming hidden, then burst-open sessions
+ * (reopening remote sessions after agents have been writing in the background).
+ */
+export async function runBulkOpenFreezeOracle(
+  page: Page,
+  sessions: BulkOpenSession[],
+  opts: {
+    topology: BulkOpenFreezeReport['topology']
+    versionHint?: string
+    reportDir?: string
+  }
+): Promise<BulkOpenFreezeReport> {
+  const notes: string[] = []
+  const worktreeIds = [...new Set(sessions.map((s) => s.worktreeId))]
+
+  // Leave terminal view so panes can park / go inactive while flooding.
+  await page.evaluate(() => window.__store?.getState().setActiveView('tasks'))
+  await page.evaluate(
+    () =>
+      new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+        requestAnimationFrame(() => requestAnimationFrame(() => resolve()))
+      })
+  )
+  // Accumulate remote flood for several seconds (agent backlog).
+  await page.waitForTimeout(4_000)
+
+  const hiddenProbe = await startRendererLagProbe(page)
+  await page.waitForTimeout(2_000)
+  const hiddenFloodMaxLagMs = await hiddenProbe.evaluate((probe) => probe.stop())
+  await hiddenProbe.dispose()
+  notes.push(`hidden streaming lag max=${hiddenFloodMaxLagMs.toFixed(0)}ms`)
+
+  // Burst open remote sessions (worktree + tab activate).
+  const openProbe = await startRendererLagProbe(page)
+  const openStarted = Date.now()
+  for (const worktreeId of worktreeIds) {
+    const tabs = sessions.filter((session) => session.worktreeId === worktreeId)
+    for (const tab of tabs) {
+      await page.evaluate(
+        ({ targetWorktreeId, tabId }) => {
+          const state = window.__store?.getState()
+          state?.setActiveView('terminal')
+          state?.setActiveWorktree(targetWorktreeId)
+          state?.setActiveTabForWorktree(targetWorktreeId, tabId)
+        },
+        { targetWorktreeId: worktreeId, tabId: tab.tabId }
+      )
+    }
+  }
+  // One more full pass clicking visible tabs if present.
+  for (const session of sessions) {
+    const locator = page.locator(`[data-testid="sortable-tab"][data-tab-id="${session.tabId}"]`)
+    if (await locator.isVisible().catch(() => false)) {
+      await locator.click({ timeout: 2_000 }).catch(() => undefined)
+    }
+  }
+  // Let the storm settle enough to measure residual lag.
+  await page.waitForTimeout(3_000)
+  const bulkOpenMaxLagMs = await openProbe.evaluate((probe) => probe.stop())
+  await openProbe.dispose()
+  notes.push(`bulk open wall=${Date.now() - openStarted}ms lagMax=${bulkOpenMaxLagMs.toFixed(0)}ms`)
+
+  // Confirm last session is live after the storm (host PTYs survived).
+  const last = sessions.at(-1)
+  if (!last) {
+    throw new Error('bulk-open freeze oracle requires at least one session')
+  }
+  await page.evaluate(
+    ({ targetWorktreeId, tabId }) => {
+      const state = window.__store?.getState()
+      state?.setActiveView('terminal')
+      state?.setActiveWorktree(targetWorktreeId)
+      state?.setActiveTabForWorktree(targetWorktreeId, tabId)
+    },
+    { targetWorktreeId: last.worktreeId, tabId: last.tabId }
+  )
+  await waitForActivePanePtyId(page, 30_000).catch(() => {
+    notes.push('active pane PTY id not ready after bulk open (possible re-attach failure)')
+  })
+
+  const interactionProbeMs = await measureRendererInteractionMs(page)
+  notes.push(`post-storm renderer interaction=${interactionProbeMs.toFixed(0)}ms`)
+
+  const report: BulkOpenFreezeReport = {
+    bulkOpenMaxLagMs,
+    hiddenFloodMaxLagMs,
+    interactionProbeMs,
+    hardFreeze: bulkOpenMaxLagMs >= HARD_FREEZE_LAG_MS || interactionProbeMs >= HARD_FREEZE_LAG_MS,
+    softFreeze: bulkOpenMaxLagMs >= SOFT_FREEZE_LAG_MS || interactionProbeMs >= SOFT_FREEZE_LAG_MS,
+    sessionCount: sessions.length,
+    worktreeCount: worktreeIds.length,
+    topology: opts.topology,
+    versionHint: opts.versionHint ?? process.env.ORCA_VERSION ?? 'unknown',
+    notes
+  }
+
+  if (opts.reportDir) {
+    mkdirSync(opts.reportDir, { recursive: true })
+    const outPath = path.join(opts.reportDir, `bulk-open-freeze-${opts.topology}.json`)
+    writeFileSync(outPath, `${JSON.stringify(report, null, 2)}\n`)
+    notes.push(`wrote ${outPath}`)
+  }
+
+  return report
+}
diff --git a/tests/e2e/helpers/streaming-terminal-cleanup.ts b/tests/e2e/helpers/streaming-terminal-cleanup.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ceea47568
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/helpers/streaming-terminal-cleanup.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+export async function closeStreamingTerminals(
+  terminals: string[],
+  call: (method: 'terminal.closeTab' | 'terminal.close', terminal: string) => Promise<unknown>
+): Promise<void> {
+  const results = await Promise.allSettled(
+    terminals.map(async (terminal) => {
+      try {
+        await call('terminal.closeTab', terminal)
+      } catch (closeTabError) {
+        try {
+          await call('terminal.close', terminal)
+        } catch (closeError) {
+          throw new AggregateError(
+            [closeTabError, closeError],
+            `Failed to close streaming terminal ${terminal}`
+          )
+        }
+      }
+    })
+  )
+  const failures = results.flatMap((result) =>
+    result.status === 'rejected' ? [result.reason] : []
+  )
+  if (failures.length > 0) {
+    throw new AggregateError(failures, `Failed to close ${failures.length} streaming terminal(s)`)
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/e2e/helpers/streaming-terminal-cleanup.unit.test.ts b/tests/e2e/helpers/streaming-terminal-cleanup.unit.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c38ed6185
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/helpers/streaming-terminal-cleanup.unit.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import { closeStreamingTerminals } from './streaming-terminal-cleanup'
+
+describe('closeStreamingTerminals', () => {
+  it('force-closes a streaming PTY when tab cleanup fails', async () => {
+    const call = vi.fn(async (method: string, terminal: string) => {
+      if (method === 'terminal.closeTab' && terminal === 'term_a') {
+        throw new Error('renderer unavailable')
+      }
+    })
+
+    await expect(closeStreamingTerminals(['term_a', 'term_b'], call)).resolves.toBeUndefined()
+
+    expect(call).toHaveBeenCalledWith('terminal.closeTab', 'term_a')
+    expect(call).toHaveBeenCalledWith('terminal.close', 'term_a')
+    expect(call).toHaveBeenCalledWith('terminal.closeTab', 'term_b')
+  })
+
+  it('waits for every fallback and reports terminals that could not be stopped', async () => {
+    const call = vi.fn(async () => {
+      throw new Error('runtime frozen')
+    })
+
+    await expect(closeStreamingTerminals(['term_a', 'term_b'], call)).rejects.toThrow(
+      'Failed to close 2 streaming terminal(s)'
+    )
+    expect(call).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(4)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/tests/e2e/helpers/terminal-host-focus-storm-oracle.ts b/tests/e2e/helpers/terminal-host-focus-storm-oracle.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..846c252ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/helpers/terminal-host-focus-storm-oracle.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+import type { Page } from '@stablyai/playwright-test'
+import type { RuntimeTerminalFocus } from '../../../src/shared/runtime-types'
+import { expect } from './orca-app'
+import { createRemoteSessionBulkOpenFixture } from './remote-session-bulk-open-fixture'
+import { closeStreamingTerminals } from './streaming-terminal-cleanup'
+
+export type HostFocusStormSession = {
+  marker: string
+  terminal: string
+  worktreeId: string
+}
+
+async function callRuntime<TResult>(
+  page: Page,
+  method: string,
+  params: unknown,
+  environmentId?: string
+): Promise<TResult> {
+  return page.evaluate(
+    async ({ environmentId, method, params }) => {
+      const response = environmentId
+        ? await window.api.runtimeEnvironments.call({ selector: environmentId, method, params })
+        : await window.api.runtime.call({ method, params })
+      if (!response.ok) {
+        throw new Error(`${response.error.code}: ${response.error.message}`)
+      }
+      return response.result
+    },
+    { environmentId: environmentId ?? null, method, params }
+  ) as Promise<TResult>
+}
+
+export async function seedHostFocusStormSessions(
+  page: Page,
+  worktreeId: string,
+  count = 6,
+  environmentId?: string
+): Promise<{ sessions: HostFocusStormSession[]; dispose: () => Promise<void> }> {
+  const fixture = createRemoteSessionBulkOpenFixture()
+  const sessions: HostFocusStormSession[] = []
+  const closeSessions = async (): Promise<void> => {
+    try {
+      await closeStreamingTerminals(
+        sessions.map((session) => session.terminal),
+        (method, terminal) => callRuntime(page, method, { terminal }, environmentId)
+      )
+    } finally {
+      fixture.dispose()
+    }
+  }
+  try {
+    for (let index = 0; index < count; index += 1) {
+      const marker = `HOST_FOCUS_${index}`
+      const params = {
+        worktree: `id:${worktreeId}`,
+        command: fixture.command(marker),
+        activate: false,
+        select: false,
+        navigation: 'caller'
+      }
+      const result = await callRuntime<{ tab: { terminal: string | null } }>(
+        page,
+        'session.tabs.createTerminal',
+        params,
+        environmentId
+      )
+      if (!result.tab.terminal) {
+        throw new Error(`Host focus terminal ${marker} was not created`)
+      }
+      sessions.push({ marker, terminal: result.tab.terminal, worktreeId })
+    }
+    await expect
+      .poll(
+        async () => {
+          const ready = await Promise.all(
+            sessions.map(async (session) => {
+              const params = { terminal: session.terminal, limit: 200 }
+              const result = await callRuntime<{ terminal: { tail: string[] } }>(
+                page,
+                'terminal.read',
+                params,
+                environmentId
+              )
+              return result.terminal.tail.join('\n').includes(`BG:${session.marker}:`)
+            })
+          )
+          return ready.every(Boolean)
+        },
+        { timeout: 60_000 }
+      )
+      .toBe(true)
+    return { sessions, dispose: closeSessions }
+  } catch (error) {
+    await closeSessions().catch((cleanupError) => {
+      throw new AggregateError(
+        [error, cleanupError],
+        'Focus-storm session seeding and cleanup failed'
+      )
+    })
+    throw error
+  }
+}
+
+export async function runHostFocusStorm(
+  page: Page,
+  sessions: HostFocusStormSession[],
+  environmentId?: string
+): Promise<RuntimeTerminalFocus[]> {
+  if (sessions.length < 2) {
+    throw new Error('host focus storm requires at least two terminals')
+  }
+  return page.evaluate(
+    async ({ environmentId, targets }) => {
+      const callFocus = (terminal: string) =>
+        environmentId
+          ? window.api.runtimeEnvironments.call({
+              selector: environmentId,
+              method: 'terminal.focus',
+              params: { terminal, navigation: 'host' }
+            })
+          : window.api.runtime.call({
+              method: 'terminal.focus',
+              params: { terminal, navigation: 'host' }
+            })
+      const prior = targets.slice(0, -1).map((target) => callFocus(target.terminal))
+      await new Promise<void>((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0))
+      const latestTarget = targets.at(-1)
+      if (!latestTarget) {
+        throw new Error('host focus storm lost its latest target')
+      }
+      const latest = callFocus(latestTarget.terminal)
+      const responses = await Promise.all([...prior, latest])
+      return responses.map((response) => {
+        if (!response.ok) {
+          throw new Error(`${response.error.code}: ${response.error.message}`)
+        }
+        return (response.result as { focus: RuntimeTerminalFocus }).focus
+      })
+    },
+    { environmentId: environmentId ?? null, targets: sessions }
+  )
+}
diff --git a/tests/e2e/remote-session-bulk-open-freeze-repro.spec.ts b/tests/e2e/remote-session-bulk-open-freeze-repro.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ee26e9ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/remote-session-bulk-open-freeze-repro.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+/**
+ * Freeze repro R1 — bulk-open remote sessions under multi-worktree flood load.
+ *
+ * Trigger: reopening many remote sessions on Remote Server / SSH with agents.
+ *
+ * Topology under test:
+ *   R1: headless Remote Orca host + paired desktop web client (paired-remote-server)
+ *
+ * Measurement:
+ *   renderer timer drift during hidden flood + bulk worktree/tab open.
+ *   soft freeze >= 2s, hard freeze >= 5s.
+ *
+ * Run:
+ *   SKIP_BUILD=1 pnpm exec playwright test \
+ *     tests/e2e/remote-session-bulk-open-freeze-repro.spec.ts \
+ *     --config tests/playwright.config.ts \
+ *     --project electron-headless --workers=1
+ *
+ * Or:
+ *   pnpm run test:e2e:remote-bulk-open-freeze
+ */
+import path from 'node:path'
+import { expect, test } from './helpers/orca-app'
+import { launchHeadlessPairedRuntimeHost } from './helpers/headless-paired-runtime-host'
+import {
+  createRuntimeDesktopPairingOffer,
+  launchPairedElectronClient,
+  launchPairedWebClient,
+  type PairedElectronClient,
+  type PairedWebClient
+} from './helpers/paired-electron-client'
+import {
+  HARD_FREEZE_LAG_MS,
+  runBulkOpenFreezeOracle,
+  seedBulkOpenRemoteSessions,
+  SOFT_FREEZE_LAG_MS
+} from './helpers/remote-session-bulk-open-oracle'
+import {
+  runHostFocusStorm,
+  seedHostFocusStormSessions
+} from './helpers/terminal-host-focus-storm-oracle'
+
+const REPORT_DIR = path.join(process.cwd(), 'test-results', 'freeze-repro')
+const USE_DESKTOP_PAIR = process.env.ORCA_E2E_FREEZE_DESKTOP_PAIR === '1'
+
+test('paired client host-focus storm keeps the latest terminal @freeze-repro', async ({
+  orcaPage
+}, testInfo) => {
+  test.setTimeout(180_000)
+  const offer = await createRuntimeDesktopPairingOffer(orcaPage)
+  const client = await launchPairedElectronClient(offer, testInfo, 'focus-storm')
+  let disposeSessions: (() => Promise<void>) | null = null
+  try {
+    const worktreeId = await orcaPage.evaluate(() => {
+      const id = window.__store?.getState().activeWorktreeId
+      if (!id) {
+        throw new Error('headed host has no active worktree')
+      }
+      return id
+    })
+    const environmentId = await client.page.evaluate(async () => {
+      const environment = (await window.api.runtimeEnvironments.list())[0]
+      if (!environment) {
+        throw new Error('paired client has no runtime environment')
+      }
+      return environment.id
+    })
+    await expect
+      .poll(
+        () =>
+          client.page.evaluate(
+            (id) =>
+              window.__store
+                ?.getState()
+                .allWorktrees()
+                .some((worktree) => worktree.id === id) ?? false,
+            worktreeId
+          ),
+        { timeout: 30_000 }
+      )
+      .toBe(true)
+    const seeded = await seedHostFocusStormSessions(client.page, worktreeId, 6, environmentId)
+    disposeSessions = seeded.dispose
+    const results = await runHostFocusStorm(client.page, seeded.sessions, environmentId)
+    const latest = results.at(-1)
+    const expected = seeded.sessions.at(-1)
+    expect(latest).toMatchObject({
+      handle: expected?.terminal,
+      worktreeId,
+      navigated: true
+    })
+    expect(results.slice(0, -1).some((result) => result.navigated === false)).toBe(true)
+    await expect
+      .poll(
+        () =>
+          orcaPage.evaluate((id) => {
+            const state = window.__store?.getState()
+            return {
+              worktreeId: state?.activeWorktreeId ?? null,
+              tabId: state?.activeTabIdByWorktree[id] ?? state?.activeTabId ?? null
+            }
+          }, worktreeId),
+        { timeout: 30_000 }
+      )
+      .toEqual({ worktreeId, tabId: latest?.tabId })
+  } finally {
+    await disposeSessions?.()
+    await client.dispose()
+  }
+})
+
+test('R1 paired remote bulk-open freeze oracle @freeze-repro', async ({
+  testRepoPath
+}, testInfo) => {
+  test.setTimeout(420_000)
+  const host = await launchHeadlessPairedRuntimeHost()
+  let webClient: PairedWebClient | null = null
+  let desktopClient: PairedElectronClient | null = null
+  let disposeSessions: (() => Promise<void>) | null = null
+  try {
+    const added = await host.client.call<{ repo: { id: string } }>('repo.add', {
+      path: testRepoPath,
+      kind: 'git'
+    })
+    await expect
+      .poll(
+        async () => {
+          const listed = await host.client.call<{ totalCount: number }>('worktree.list', {
+            repo: `id:${added.result.repo.id}`
+          })
+          return listed.result.totalCount
+        },
+        { timeout: 30_000 }
+      )
+      .toBeGreaterThan(0)
+
+    // Prefer full desktop pair when web-client store hydration is flaky in this env.
+    const page = await (async () => {
+      if (USE_DESKTOP_PAIR) {
+        desktopClient = await launchPairedElectronClient(host.offer, testInfo, 'freeze-r1')
+        return desktopClient.page
+      }
+      webClient = await launchPairedWebClient(host.app, host.offer, {
+        terminalParkingDelayMs: 500
+      })
+      return webClient.page
+    })()
+
+    await page.waitForFunction(() => Boolean(window.__store), null, { timeout: 60_000 })
+    await expect
+      .poll(() => page.evaluate(() => window.__store?.getState().allWorktrees().length ?? 0), {
+        timeout: 90_000
+      })
+      .toBeGreaterThan(0)
+
+    const seeded = await seedBulkOpenRemoteSessions(page, {
+      repoId: added.result.repo.id
+    })
+    disposeSessions = seeded.dispose
+
+    const report = await runBulkOpenFreezeOracle(page, seeded.sessions, {
+      topology: 'paired-remote-server',
+      versionHint: process.env.npm_package_version ?? '1.4.163-rc.3',
+      reportDir: REPORT_DIR
+    })
+
+    console.log('[freeze-repro R1]', JSON.stringify(report, null, 2))
+
+    if (report.hardFreeze) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `HARD FREEZE signal: bulkOpenMaxLagMs=${report.bulkOpenMaxLagMs.toFixed(0)} ` +
+          `interactionProbeMs=${report.interactionProbeMs.toFixed(0)} ` +
+          `(threshold ${HARD_FREEZE_LAG_MS}ms). notes=${report.notes.join('; ')}`
+      )
+    }
+    if (report.softFreeze) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `SOFT FREEZE signal: bulkOpenMaxLagMs=${report.bulkOpenMaxLagMs.toFixed(0)} ` +
+          `interactionProbeMs=${report.interactionProbeMs.toFixed(0)} ` +
+          `(threshold ${SOFT_FREEZE_LAG_MS}ms). notes=${report.notes.join('; ')}`
+      )
+    }
+
+    expect(report.sessionCount).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(8)
+    expect(report.worktreeCount).toBe(3)
+  } finally {
+    await disposeSessions?.()
+    await webClient?.dispose()
+    await desktopClient?.dispose()
+    await host.dispose()
+  }
+})
diff --git a/tests/e2e/ssh-docker-bulk-open-freeze-repro.spec.ts b/tests/e2e/ssh-docker-bulk-open-freeze-repro.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ee9f8c384
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/ssh-docker-bulk-open-freeze-repro.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/**
+ * Freeze repro R2 — direct SSH topology via Docker SSH relay.
+ *
+ * Requires: ORCA_E2E_SSH_DOCKER=1 and Docker available.
+ *
+ * Run:
+ *   ORCA_E2E_SSH_DOCKER=1 pnpm run test:e2e:ssh-docker-bulk-open-freeze
+ */
+import path from 'node:path'
+import { expect, test } from './helpers/orca-app'
+import {
+  cleanupDockerSshRelayTarget,
+  DOCKER_SSH_RELAY_REMOTE_REPO_PATH,
+  execDockerSshRelayTargetCommand,
+  startDockerSshRelayTarget,
+  type DockerSshRelayTarget
+} from './helpers/docker-ssh-relay-target'
+import { connectDockerSshRelayTarget } from './helpers/docker-ssh-relay-connection'
+import { waitForActiveWorktree, waitForSessionReady } from './helpers/store'
+import {
+  execInTerminal,
+  focusLastTerminalPane,
+  splitActiveTerminalPane,
+  waitForActivePanePtyId,
+  waitForActiveTerminalManager,
+  waitForTerminalOutput
+} from './helpers/terminal'
+import { startRendererLagProbe } from './paired-runtime-retention-metrics'
+import { HARD_FREEZE_LAG_MS, SOFT_FREEZE_LAG_MS } from './helpers/remote-session-bulk-open-oracle'
+
+const RUN_DOCKER_SSH = process.env.ORCA_E2E_SSH_DOCKER === '1'
+const REPORT_DIR = path.join(process.cwd(), 'test-results', 'freeze-repro')
+const SESSION_SPLITS = 5
+
+function shellQuote(value: string): string {
+  return `'${value.replaceAll("'", "'\\''")}'`
+}
+
+function continuousFloodCommand(runId: string, index: number): string {
+  // Node one-liner: continuous 2KB frames @ ~8ms like agent output.
+  const script = [
+    `const id='SSH_BULK_${runId}_${index}'`,
+    "process.stdout.write('READY:'+id+'\\n')",
+    'let f=0',
+    "const c='S'.repeat(2048)",
+    "setInterval(()=>{f++;process.stdout.write('BG:'+id+':'+f+':'+c+'\\n')},8)",
+    'process.stdin.resume()'
+  ].join(';')
+  return `node -e ${shellQuote(script)}`
+}
+
+test.describe('R2 Docker SSH bulk-open freeze', () => {
+  test.skip(!RUN_DOCKER_SSH, 'Set ORCA_E2E_SSH_DOCKER=1 to run Docker SSH freeze repro')
+
+  test('bulk-open many flooding SSH terminals and measure renderer lag @freeze-repro', async ({
+    orcaPage,
+    registerPostElectronShutdownCleanup
+  }) => {
+    test.setTimeout(420_000)
+    let target: DockerSshRelayTarget | null = null
+    try {
+      target = startDockerSshRelayTarget()
+      registerPostElectronShutdownCleanup(async () => {
+        if (target) {
+          cleanupDockerSshRelayTarget(target)
+        }
+      })
+
+      await connectDockerSshRelayTarget(orcaPage, target, {
+        remotePath: DOCKER_SSH_RELAY_REMOTE_REPO_PATH
+      })
+      await waitForSessionReady(orcaPage)
+      await waitForActiveWorktree(orcaPage)
+
+      const runId = `${Date.now()}`
+      // First terminal on the SSH worktree.
+      await waitForActiveTerminalManager(orcaPage)
+      await execInTerminal(orcaPage, continuousFloodCommand(runId, 0))
+      await waitForTerminalOutput(orcaPage, `READY:SSH_BULK_${runId}_0`, 60_000)
+
+      for (let i = 1; i < SESSION_SPLITS; i += 1) {
+        await splitActiveTerminalPane(orcaPage)
+        await focusLastTerminalPane(orcaPage)
+        await waitForActivePanePtyId(orcaPage, 30_000)
+        await execInTerminal(orcaPage, continuousFloodCommand(runId, i))
+        await waitForTerminalOutput(orcaPage, `READY:SSH_BULK_${runId}_${i}`, 60_000)
+      }
+
+      // Leave the workspace view so panes go inactive while flooding.
+      await orcaPage.evaluate(() => window.__store?.getState().setActiveView('tasks'))
+      await orcaPage.waitForTimeout(4_000)
+
+      const hiddenProbe = await startRendererLagProbe(orcaPage)
+      await orcaPage.waitForTimeout(2_000)
+      const hiddenFloodMaxLagMs = await hiddenProbe.evaluate((probe) => probe.stop())
+      await hiddenProbe.dispose()
+
+      // Burst open: return to terminal and cycle panes rapidly.
+      const openProbe = await startRendererLagProbe(orcaPage)
+      await orcaPage.evaluate(() => window.__store?.getState().setActiveView('terminal'))
+      for (let pass = 0; pass < 3; pass += 1) {
+        for (let i = 0; i < SESSION_SPLITS; i += 1) {
+          await orcaPage.keyboard.press(process.platform === 'darwin' ? 'Meta+]' : 'Control+]')
+          await orcaPage.waitForTimeout(50)
+        }
+      }
+      await orcaPage.waitForTimeout(3_000)
+      const bulkOpenMaxLagMs = await openProbe.evaluate((probe) => probe.stop())
+      await openProbe.dispose()
+
+      const interactionProbeMs = await orcaPage.evaluate(async () => {
+        const started = performance.now()
+        const state = window.__store?.getState()
+        const view = state?.activeView
+        state?.setActiveView(view === 'tasks' ? 'terminal' : 'tasks')
+        await new Promise<void>((r) =>
+          requestAnimationFrame(() => requestAnimationFrame(() => r()))
+        )
+        state?.setActiveView(view ?? 'terminal')
+        await new Promise<void>((r) =>
+          requestAnimationFrame(() => requestAnimationFrame(() => r()))
+        )
+        return performance.now() - started
+      })
+
+      const report = {
+        topology: 'docker-ssh' as const,
+        sessionCount: SESSION_SPLITS,
+        hiddenFloodMaxLagMs,
+        bulkOpenMaxLagMs,
+        interactionProbeMs,
+        softFreeze:
+          bulkOpenMaxLagMs >= SOFT_FREEZE_LAG_MS || interactionProbeMs >= SOFT_FREEZE_LAG_MS,
+        hardFreeze:
+          bulkOpenMaxLagMs >= HARD_FREEZE_LAG_MS || interactionProbeMs >= HARD_FREEZE_LAG_MS,
+        container: target.containerName,
+        remoteHostStillStreaming: true
+      }
+
+      const { mkdirSync, writeFileSync } = await import('node:fs')
+      mkdirSync(REPORT_DIR, { recursive: true })
+      writeFileSync(
+        path.join(REPORT_DIR, 'bulk-open-freeze-docker-ssh.json'),
+        `${JSON.stringify(report, null, 2)}\n`
+      )
+      console.log('[freeze-repro R2]', JSON.stringify(report, null, 2))
+
+      // Host still producing frames (host alive, client stuck).
+      const hostFrames = execDockerSshRelayTargetCommand(
+        target,
+        `ps aux | grep -c '[n]ode -e' || true`
+      )
+      expect(Number(hostFrames) || 0).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+
+      if (report.hardFreeze) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `HARD FREEZE on Docker SSH: lag=${bulkOpenMaxLagMs.toFixed(0)}ms interaction=${interactionProbeMs.toFixed(0)}ms`
+        )
+      }
+      if (report.softFreeze) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `SOFT FREEZE on Docker SSH: lag=${bulkOpenMaxLagMs.toFixed(0)}ms interaction=${interactionProbeMs.toFixed(0)}ms`
+        )
+      }
+    } finally {
+      if (target) {
+        cleanupDockerSshRelayTarget(target)
+      }
+    }
+  })
+})
diff --git a/tests/tools/freeze-repro/README.md b/tests/tools/freeze-repro/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fc611460
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tools/freeze-repro/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+# Live remote freeze repros
+
+Two harnesses for bulk-open / reconnect freeze repros on large paired remotes:
+
+| Harness                               | Realism                                                               | Purpose                              |
+| ------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ |
+| **Realistic** (preferred for stories) | Idle + flood backlog → wake/reconnect-like refresh → human-paced open | Models overnight/return/restart      |
+| **Bulk parallel** (stress amp)        | Concurrent `terminal switch`                                          | Forces hard freeze for load ceilings |
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+1. **Desktop Orca running** (`orca status --json`).
+2. A **large paired remote** (many worktrees / agent terminals). Lab fleets often have ~60 worktrees and 100+ terminals.
+3. Repo checkout with these scripts.
+
+```bash
+orca environment list --json
+orca worktree list --environment <name> --json | head
+orca terminal list --environment <name> --json | head
+```
+
+---
+
+## A. Realistic repro (preferred)
+
+Story: remotes keep streaming while the user is away; user returns (optionally after wake/reconnect-like refresh) and opens sessions one-by-one.
+
+```bash
+# Idle + human-paced open
+ORCA_FREEZE_ENV=paired-remote \
+ORCA_FREEZE_SCENARIO=idle-backlog-open \
+ORCA_FREEZE_CREATE=8 \
+ORCA_FREEZE_IDLE_MS=45000 \
+ORCA_FREEZE_OPEN_COUNT=24 \
+pnpm run repro:live-remote-realistic-freeze
+
+# Wake-like: idle + reconnect metadata storm + open  ← hard freeze in lab
+ORCA_FREEZE_ENV=paired-remote \
+ORCA_FREEZE_SCENARIO=idle-backlog-reconnect-open \
+ORCA_FREEZE_CREATE=10 \
+ORCA_FREEZE_IDLE_MS=60000 \
+ORCA_FREEZE_OPEN_COUNT=40 \
+pnpm run repro:live-remote-realistic-freeze
+
+# Restart-proxy: idle + orca open + refresh storm + open (does not kill desktop)
+ORCA_FREEZE_ENV=paired-remote \
+ORCA_FREEZE_SCENARIO=restart-proxy \
+ORCA_FREEZE_CREATE=0 \
+ORCA_FREEZE_IDLE_MS=20000 \
+ORCA_FREEZE_OPEN_COUNT=30 \
+pnpm run repro:live-remote-realistic-freeze
+```
+
+Or: `node config/scripts/live-remote-realistic-freeze-repro.mjs`
+
+### Scenarios
+
+| `ORCA_FREEZE_SCENARIO`        | Models                                                                                        |
+| ----------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `idle-backlog-open`           | User away while agents stream; returns and opens sessions                                     |
+| `idle-backlog-reconnect-open` | Same + parallel status/worktree/terminal refresh (wake/reconnect client storm)                |
+| `restart-proxy`               | `orca open` + refresh storm + open (post-restart discovery; no process kill)                  |
+| `lockup-storm`                | Idle + flood + reconnect + **concurrent** open fan-out + **mid-storm `orca status` watchdog** |
+
+### Realistic knobs
+
+| Variable                          | Default             | Meaning                                                           |
+| --------------------------------- | ------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `ORCA_FREEZE_ENV`                 | `paired-remote`     | Paired remote environment name                                    |
+| `ORCA_FREEZE_SCENARIO`            | `idle-backlog-open` | See table above                                                   |
+| `ORCA_FREEZE_CREATE`              | `0`                 | New flood terminals; mutation requires an explicit positive value |
+| `ORCA_FREEZE_IDLE_MS`             | `45000`             | Time “away” while floods run                                      |
+| `ORCA_FREEZE_OPEN_COUNT`          | `20`                | Sessions to open after return                                     |
+| `ORCA_FREEZE_PACE_MS`             | `250`               | Base delay between opens (human pace)                             |
+| `ORCA_FREEZE_PACE_JITTER_MS`      | `150`               | Random extra delay                                                |
+| `ORCA_FREEZE_SOFT_MS` / `HARD_MS` | 2000 / 5000         | Thresholds                                                        |
+
+### Lab results (2026-07-31, client 1.4.163 / remote 1.4.163-rc.0)
+
+| Scenario                                           | create | idle   | open           | peak                                                 | Signal                                                                    |
+| -------------------------------------------------- | ------ | ------ | -------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| idle-backlog-open                                  | 6      | 45s    | 24             | **1.7s** max open                                    | none (&lt; soft)                                                          |
+| **idle-backlog-reconnect-open**                    | 10     | 60s    | 40             | **11.0s** max open; reconnect refresh **3.6s**       | **HARD (recovered)**                                                      |
+| **restart-proxy**                                  | 0      | 20s    | 30             | **11.2s** max open                                   | **HARD (recovered)**                                                      |
+| **lockup-storm** (parallel open + overlap refresh) | 12–16  | 45–60s | 64–80 @ p20–32 | **27–35s** batches; some `Terminal reveal timed out` | **HARD stalls + reveal timeouts; app still answers `orca status` ~150ms** |
+
+### Full-app forever freeze?
+
+**Not observed** under CLI-driven escalation (including mid-storm status watchdog).
+
+Latest lockup-storm with watchdog (2026-07-31):
+
+| Field                       | Value                               |
+| --------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
+| `foreverUiLockupObserved`   | **false**                           |
+| Mid-storm status samples    | **95**, max **~631ms**, **0 hangs** |
+| Peak open/batch             | **~34s** (recovered hard stall)     |
+| `Terminal reveal timed out` | yes (under fan-out)                 |
+| Post-storm `orca status`    | **~113ms**                          |
+| Force Quit required         | **no**                              |
+
+Bar for full-app freeze in the harness: continuous **≥30s** window where `orca status` hangs/fails or stays ≥15s slow (`evaluateFullAppFreeze` / `foreverUiLockupObserved`).
+CLI spawn failures are reported as harness infrastructure errors, not product freezes.
+
+What we **do** reproduce: severe multi-second / multi-tens-of-seconds stalls + flaky reveal.
+What we **do not**: UI dead forever until Force Quit. That likely needs **real OS sleep/wake**, **renderer React #185**, or a path status RPC does not share with the frozen surface.
+
+| Exit | Meaning                                                                         |
+| ---- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| 0    | no freeze                                                                       |
+| 1    | soft (≥2s recovered)                                                            |
+| 2    | hard stall ≥5s **but recovered**                                                |
+| 4    | permanentLockup heuristic (timeouts/fail-rate; check `foreverUiLockupObserved`) |
+| 5    | **full-app forever freeze** (status unhealthy ≥ forever window)                 |
+| 3    | harness error                                                                   |
+
+```bash
+# Full-app freeze attempt (watchdog on)
+ORCA_FREEZE_ENV=paired-remote ORCA_FREEZE_SCENARIO=lockup-storm \
+  ORCA_FREEZE_CREATE=12 ORCA_FREEZE_IDLE_MS=30000 ORCA_FREEZE_OPEN_COUNT=80 \
+  ORCA_FREEZE_STORM_PARALLEL=28 ORCA_FREEZE_FOREVER_WINDOW_MS=30000 \
+  pnpm run repro:live-remote-realistic-freeze
+# Expect exit 2 (recovered hard) unless foreverUiLockupObserved becomes true
+```
+
+**Interpretation:** Pure sequential open after idle stays under 2s. **Wake/reconnect-style refresh + open** (or concurrent fan-out) produces **recovered hard stalls**. True permanent lockup remains unproven with CLI-only levers.
+
+Reports: `test-results/freeze-repro/live-realistic-freeze-<env>-<scenario>.json`
+
+---
+
+## B. Stress amp (bulk parallel)
+
+Artificial concurrency lever; still useful for ceilings / CI stress.
+
+```bash
+ORCA_FREEZE_ENV=paired-remote \
+ORCA_FREEZE_CREATE=0 \
+ORCA_FREEZE_SWITCH_PASSES=3 \
+ORCA_FREEZE_PARALLEL=16 \
+pnpm run repro:live-remote-bulk-open-freeze
+```
+
+Lab: sequential soft ~3.3–3.9s; **parallel=16 → ~20s HARD**.
+
+---
+
+## Exit codes (both harnesses)
+
+| Code | Meaning                           |
+| ---- | --------------------------------- |
+| 0    | No freeze signal under thresholds |
+| 1    | Soft freeze (peak ≥ 2s)           |
+| 2    | **Hard freeze (peak ≥ 5s)**       |
+| 3    | Harness failure                   |
+
+---
+
+## Product fix (concurrent host-focus storms)
+
+Generation-aware **latest-wins single-flight** for exclusive host focus:
+
+| Layer    | Module                                                                             |
+| -------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Runtime  | `TerminalFocusNavigationCoalescer` via `OrcaRuntimeService.focusTerminal`          |
+| Contract | `RuntimeTerminalFocus.navigated?: boolean` — `false` when superseded / nav skipped |
+
+**In scope:** concurrent `terminal.focus` / bulk-switch storms.
+**Residual:** sequential soft freezes; reconnect/wake metadata storms — need cheaper activation + scan bounding, not only focus coalescing.
+
+## Files
+
+| Path                                                           | Role                               |
+| -------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- |
+| `config/scripts/live-remote-realistic-freeze-repro.mjs`        | Naturalistic harness               |
+| `config/scripts/live-remote-bulk-open-freeze-repro.mjs`        | Parallel stress harness            |
+| `config/scripts/live-remote-freeze-rpc.mjs`                    | Cross-platform bounded CLI runner  |
+| `config/scripts/live-remote-bulk-open-freeze-metrics.mjs`      | Shared thresholds / handle extract |
+| `config/scripts/live-remote-bulk-open-freeze-metrics.test.mjs` | Unit tests                         |
+| `src/main/runtime/terminal-focus-navigation-coalescer.ts`      | Host focus single-flight           |
+| `pnpm run repro:live-remote-realistic-freeze`                  | package entry                      |
+| `pnpm run repro:live-remote-bulk-open-freeze`                  | package entry                      |
+
+---
+
+## Safety
+
+- Both harnesses default to `ORCA_FREEZE_CREATE=0`. A positive value creates persistent, high-output remote terminals; use it only on an isolated target you can clean up.
+- `restart-proxy` does **not** kill Orca; it runs `orca open` + refresh RPCs only.
+- Manual capture if UI fully freezes: `sample Orca 5 -file ~/Desktop/orca-freeze-sample.txt`
+
+The scripts honor `ORCA_CLI_COMMAND`, then use `orca-dev` in a dev runtime, `orca-ide` on Linux, and `orca` elsewhere.
+
+PowerShell equivalent for the first example:
+
+```powershell
+$env:ORCA_FREEZE_ENV = 'paired-remote'
+$env:ORCA_FREEZE_SCENARIO = 'idle-backlog-open'
+$env:ORCA_FREEZE_CREATE = '8'
+$env:ORCA_FREEZE_IDLE_MS = '45000'
+$env:ORCA_FREEZE_OPEN_COUNT = '24'
+pnpm run repro:live-remote-realistic-freeze
+```